自己虛擬語氣(二)課件

GrammarsubjunctiveSubjunctiveMood語氣(mood)是用來表示談話人的態(tài)度和看法的動詞形式。英語有三種語氣:①陳述語氣(同陳述句)②祈使語氣(同祈使句)③虛擬語氣虛擬語氣不表示一個事實,而是表示一種假設情況(愿望<wish…>，建議<suggest…>，假設<if…>)。1表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設,條件狀語從句用“一般過去式(be一般用were)”,而主句謂語動詞由“would/should/could/might+動詞原形”構成。虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.What

wouldyoudoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI

wonthelottery,I

would

buyanexpensivecar.

IfI

had

alotofmoney,

I

would

buyavilla.IfI

hadalotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundtheworld.a.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.b.IfI_____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werewouldaskwerenotcouldbe2.與過去的事實相反從句的謂語用had＋過去分詞,構成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋過去分詞的形式；主句的謂語用should/would/could/mighthave＋動詞過去分詞。IfIhadstudiedhardbefore,Iwouldhavegonetothekeyuniversity.如果我過去努力學習的話，我會考上重點大學的。（但我沒有努力學習）Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehada.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtII.Fillintheblanks.3.與將來事實相反從句謂語用動詞過去式、weretodo或shoulddo形式,

主句謂語用should/would/could/might＋動詞原形。Ifhe____upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.got假如他來了,我們對他說什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim?假如他看見我，就會認出我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we____________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupIII.Fillintheblanks.二.虛擬語氣在條件句中的運用。1.條件狀語從句有兩類：一類是真實條件句，一類是非真實條件句，即虛擬條件句。如果表述的條件是真實的情況或假設的情況可能發(fā)生，則是真實條件句。Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.Ifitrainstomorrow,we'llhavetoputoffourschoolmeeting.Ifamanmarriesawoman,theywillhaveachild.注意：如果說話者說話時正處于干旱季節(jié)，多日沒下雨，或者說話時，已經(jīng)通過天氣預報得知“明天不會下雨”，這時，說話者所說的話只是一種假想，是與將來的事實正好相反的一種情況，應該用虛擬條件句表達。Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffoursportsmeeting.我們已經(jīng)學習了虛擬語氣在條件句中的應用，同學們都掌握了么？現(xiàn)在就用表格的形式復習一下吧！Realconditionals(真實條件句)Unrealconditionals(虛擬條件句)IUnrealconditionals(虛擬條件句)IIUnrealconditionals(虛擬條件句)III1真實條件句

真實條件句用于陳述語氣，假設的情況可能發(fā)生，其中if是如果的意思。句型：if條件從句主句

一般現(xiàn)在時shall/will+動詞原形

Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisball.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrain

B.rainsC.rained

D.israined

答案B。真實條件句主句為將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。Review復習虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法。Finishthefollowingsentencesaccording

torealsituation.1.Ifamanmarriesawoman,(theywillhaveachild.)2.Wewouldn’thavelostthefootballgameyesterdayif(prettygirlshadcometocheerus.)3.IfJayZhouweretoperforminourschooltomorrow,(thegirlswouldbewildwithjoy.)theyhaveachildprettygirlscometothegirlsarewildcheerwithjoy4.Wecouldplayvideogamesalldayif(wehadnothingelsetodo.)5.Iftherewerenoexaminations,(wewouldbeveryhappy.)6.IfIwerepresidentofTiantaiMiddleSchool,(Iwoulddoeverythingpossibletomaketheschoolthebest.)wehavenothingelsetodoIdoeverythingpossibletowearehappytomakeourshcoolthebest過去式(were)haddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+havedone1.過去式2.should+V.(原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)虛擬語氣1.If型Translation1.要是我是你，我是不會放棄的。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'tgiveitup.2.如果我當初聽了他的建議，就不會犯這樣的錯

Ifihadtakenhisadvice,ishould/wouldnotmadesuchamistake.3.如果明天下雪，我們就可以打雪仗。Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wecouldhaveasnowballfight.與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反1.我要是你，我就把煙戒了。

Ifiwereyou,iwouldgiveupsmoking.2.如果我們趕上了第一班車，我們現(xiàn)在有可能已經(jīng)到達了。Ifwehadcaughtthefirstbus,wemighthavearrivednow.3.如果有一天我成為國家主席，我家人會以為為自豪的。Ifishould/weretobethepresidentofourcountry,myfamilywouldproudofme.Answers1.要是我知道她的電話號碼，我就可以給她打電話了。2.要是我早點動身，我就準時到了。3.如果我向他提出要求，肯定他會幫助我們。IfIknewhernumber,Icouldringherup.If

I’dleftsooner,I’dhavebeenontime.If

Iaskedhim,I’m

surehe’dhelpus.4.如果我有時間，我會來幫助你的。5.如果你早一點起床，就會趕上火車的。6.如果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。IfIhadtime,Icouldcometohelpyou.Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgo

shopping.1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwere

you,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.與將來事實相反二：虛擬在特殊句型中的用法關鍵詞：◆wish,asif/though,ifonly,wouldrather

◆與事實時態(tài)的相反wish/ifonly

asif/though現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時(did/were)haddonewould/could/might+V.Helooksasifheweredrunk.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!Q：虛擬語氣可表示什么？IwishIhadnotcreatedthemonster.IfIwerefree,Iwouldpreparethedinnerwell.Isuggestthatscientists(should)spendmoretimedoingresearchoncloning.我真希望我沒有….（表示已經(jīng)做了，不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望）如果我真的有時間，我就會….(表示假想，實現(xiàn)的可能性很?。赡茏鲆部赡懿蛔?，表示建議）Wish…“但愿…，要是…多好”Idon’tknowhim.ButIwishI_______him.Beethovenwentblindanddeaf.Weallwishhe_______beenblindanddeaf.Peoplecan’tflytothemooneveninthefuture.Buthumanbeinghasalwayswishedthatthey______flyintotheuniverseoneday.knewhadn’tcould用______________表示目前不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望過去式用______________表示過去不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望haddone用______________表示將來不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望would/coulddoTranslate:IwishIcouldfly.但愿我能…Wish:practice要是我昨天去了音樂會就好了。但愿他會原諒我。

IwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.Iwishhewouldforgiveme.虛擬語氣If型特例1：混雜條件句：定義：從句與主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不同Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.與過去相反與現(xiàn)在相反各自為準主句與從句的時態(tài)調整：如果你當初聽了醫(yī)生的話，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。要不是我上學時花很多時間練習說英語，現(xiàn)在我就不可能說得這么好?，F(xiàn)在一切還沒準備好，明天情況就糟糕了。Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.IfIhadn’tspentmuchtimepractisingspeakingEnglishatschool,Iwouldn’tbeabletospeakitsowellnow.Ifnothingwerereadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.在賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句及主語從句中2.Should+V型虛擬語氣句型itisnecessary/strange/…that+從句三個建議四個要求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,ask虛擬語氣Should+v型兩個命令一個堅持1.表示堅持，命令，建議，要求的賓語從句中的虛

擬語氣。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。WesuggestedthatTom

have

arest.我們建議Tom去休息一下。HeinsistedthatI

(should)be

present.他堅決要求我到場。Thekingorderedthattheprisoners

bekilled

thenextday.國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。Theyrequestedthatwe

(should)sendthemtoworkthere.他們要求我們派他們去那兒工作。Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建議”或“堅持要某人做某事時”，即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅持認為”時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_____(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe______(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewasTIPST.orF.Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.insist/suggest各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣Insist表示“堅決要求”時，用虛擬形式，即should+do;Insist表示“堅持認為，堅持說”時，用陳述語氣，表示事實。Suggest表示“建議”時，用虛擬形式。Suggest表示“表明、暗示”時，用陳述語氣。FTFT虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Should+V型2.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+thatClause從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形

我們有必要出去散散步。

她這樣做是很自然的。

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

Should+V型虛擬語氣TranslationIt’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalk.It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.Wish/Asif(though)3.類似if型虛擬語氣Wouldrather/IfonlyButfor+n/Without+nIt’s(high)time+that三：虛擬在特殊句型中的用法關鍵詞：◆wish,asif/though,ifonly,wouldrather

◆與事實時態(tài)的相反wish/asif/ifonly現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時(did/were)haddonewould/could/might+V.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時(did/were)haddone★過去時1）wish

+賓語從句IwishIwereabird.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.2）asif/though+從句Helooksasifheweredrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.3）Ifonly…(要是…就好了)

IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!其他情況1“wouldrather”后的賓語從句中有兩種情況：1.Don’talwaysmakenoise.I’dratheryoukeptsilent.2Sheisalwayssayingthatshehasn’tboughtagoodbook.I’drathershehadboughtagoodbook.表示現(xiàn)在或將來的愿望過去的愿望Iwouldrathernothavetoldherthenews.Sheissuchagossip.

Wouldrather+完成式：表示“過去的某種不恰當?shù)倪x擇”4）wouldratherthat-現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.過去時★過去時haddoneIt’s(high)time+that過去時(were)/Should(不省)+V.你該走了。It’shightimethatyou

went.It’shightimethatyou

should

go.我們該去睡覺了。It’stimethatwe

wenttobed.It’stimethatwe

should

gotobed.類似if型（3）

Itistimethat的虛擬形式

Itis(high/about)timethat…

動詞過去式(be--were)/ShoulddoItistime還可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：

Itistime(forsb.)todosth.ItistimeforsthItisthefirst/..timethat(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時)e.g:ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedBeijing.該是做某事的時候了(不用虛擬)類似if型（4）虛擬語氣butfor+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise(否則)，inthatcase，一些短語相當于虛擬條件從句（if…）,其后的句子與虛擬條件主句用法一致。+句子would/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+havedone現(xiàn)在/將來過去1.Butforyourhelp,we

(make)suchrapidprogress.

沒有你的幫助，我們是不會取得這么快的進展的。wouldnothavemade虛擬語氣類似if型2.Withoutair,there_________(be)nolivingthings.

如果沒有空氣，就不會有生物

would

be3.Thankstothebraveyoungman,otherwise,theboy______________(die).wouldhavediedSubjectivemoodIf型Should+v型類似if型。。。。。。。。?；祀s條件句(各自為準)Were,had,should提前，省略if1.一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。2.Itis（necessary，strange…）+that…wish/asifWouldrather/ifonlyItis(high)timethat…Butfor/otherwise/without/inthatcase1.過去式2.過去完成3.could、would、might+v1.過去式2.過去完成Should（不?。?v/過去式1.Would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,should,might+havedoneinsistsuggest1如果我有時間，我會來幫助你的。

IfIhadtime,Icouldcometohelpyou.2他建議說我們的班應該分成五個小組。Hesuggestedthatourclassshouldbedividedintofivegroups.3她這樣做是很自然的。It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.翻譯句子4如果你早一點起床，就會趕上火車的。Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.5如果他們以前努力學習的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會容易些。

Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.6如果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgo

shopping.31cloned,wouldfeel2didn’tallow,wouldbe3met,wouldrunaway4were/was,wouldbe5lived,are,wouldbe11(a)2(b)3(a)4(b)page631.for2.of3.had4.would5.why6.would7.met/saw8.would9.more10.if11.go/fly/travel12.were13.would14.but15.could4Function:(Page60)KeystoActivity1(Page60)Sentences2,3&5.Sentences1&4.KeystoActivity2:wasn’t/werenothadthoughthadn’tkilledwasn’t/werenothadcreateddidn’tfeelcouldliveFunction:Activity5(Page60)

Formany______________themonsterlivedaloneinthewoods,_______________foodwhereitcould.Sometimesthelonely_______methumanbeings,andtriedtospeaktothemand__________friends,buttheyalwaysranaway,________bythehuge,uglycreature.Often,theythrewstonesatit,andthenthemonsterwishedthatthey_________him.Slowly,thecreaturebegan______-thatitwasuglyandfrightening.Itwishedit____________itsappearanceandshowpeople___kindheart.Butmonthspassedandthemonsterstartedtounderstandthatit_______alwaysbealone.Nowit____________angryandunhappy,andstartedtowishthatthescientist___________it.Thenanideacametoit.Themonster____watchedhumanbeingsandlearnt_________menandwomenlivedtogetherinmarriage.Themonsterbegantowishit_________________awife.weeks/yearsfinding/gettingcreaturemake/become