版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
第16講全球化與20世紀(jì)末期的世界信息傳播業(yè)《外國新聞傳播史》主要內(nèi)容信息化世界傳播、文化與內(nèi)容產(chǎn)業(yè)全球化一、信息化與信息社會(huì)第五次信息技術(shù)革命1946國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的誕生信息社會(huì)Theoriesofthe“InformationSociety”IntroductiontoDigitalCommunicationsandCulturalTheoryLecture5TomHeslopMainschoolsofthoughtPreston(“ReshapingCommunications”):“ThirdWave”orTransformativeInformationProduction:SectorandsocietyInformationConsumption:PostmodernPostFordistHolistic“ThirdWave”theoriesHighlyinfluentialtechnology-centeredpositstechnologicalchangeasapowerful,autonomousforceforsocialandeconomicchangeMainproponents:AlvinToffler,NicholasNegroponte,KevinKelly,BillGatesTheThirdWave“Era”ClaimsthattheimplicationofICTassignificantastheagriculturalandindustrialrevolutionsToffler:“thirdcivilisationalrupture”FirstWave:AgriculturalCivilisationTimingc8000BC-1650/1750firstturningpointinhumansocialdevelopmentdiffusedslowlyacrossplanetnowvirtuallysubsidedSecondWave:IndustrialCivilisationTiming1650/1750-1955/1965industrialrevolution“unleashedsecondwaveofplanetarychange”MorerapiddiffusioncontinuestodiffuseThirdWaveStarted1955/1965beginswhen“industrialisationpeaked”“whitecollar”workersoutnumber“bluecollar”workersmarkedbyintroductionofcomputers,commercialjettravel,birth-controlpilland“highimpactinnovations”begun“surgeacrosstheearth”.ThirdWave:MainTenetEconomicandindustrialsystemundergoingfundamentalshiftfromtheproductionanddistributionofmaterialgoodstoimmaterial,informationproductsandserviceschangeglobalinscale:“boundlessfrontiers”ThirdWave:CoreArguments1Emergenceoffundamentallynewformsofindustrialproductionsystemsandemployment:worldindustrialsystemrestructuring:“generalcrisis”movingfrommassproductionto“de-massified”economylargescaleshifttohome-basedworkincreasedleisuretimeEmergenceof“revolutionary”newsetofegalitariansocialandpoliticalrelationshipspostcapitalistGates:“friction-freecapitalism”Kelly:“erosionanddemiseoftypicalsocialidentitiesandconflictsICTsandnetworks=decentralisationofdecision-makingShiftawayfrom“l(fā)eftvs.right”ThirdWave:CoreArguments2ThirdWave:CoreArguments3DecentralisedandcustomisedsystemofconsumptionNegroponte(1995):“post-informationage”endofmassmediasystemsemergenceofindividualisedmediaborderless,globalised,decentralisedworldof“bits”CriticismsofThirdWaveideasThreestagemodeltoosimplisticreductionist:ignoreslongtermtrendstemporalambiguitybasedonnarrowviewofsocial/politicalfailstoacknowledgeobvioussocialandeconomictrendstechnologicallydeterministInformationProductionTheoriesPrestonidentifiestwosub-classesInformationSectorInformationSocietybothdistincttheories.InformationSector!940’s/50’s:divisionoflaborchangedriseofwhitecollarworkerseenasprofoundchangetothedistributionofsocialposition,powerandstatusNumberofstudiesdonebysocioogists:C.WrightMills:“WhiteCollar”(1956)FritzMachlup:“ProductionandDistributionofKnowledgeinTheUnitedStates(1962)Machlup:knowledgeproduction
Assertedthatknowledge/informationcentraltoallhumansocietiesHowever,roleofinformationmargialisedwithinmoderneconomicsGrowthoftechnicalknowledgeandconsequentgrowthofproductivityvitallyimportantforanalysisofeconomicgrowthMachlup:knowledgeproductionRecognisesimportanceofothertypesofinformationRecognisesthatinformationproductionalsoincludesitsdissemination“Sociallynewknowledge”ProblemswithInformationSectorTheoriesDefinitionanddesignationofsomesectorsas“information”asopposedtoothers:wheretodrawtheline?FailstoaddressdistinctiveeconomiccharacteristicsofdifferentinformationcommoditiesandmarketsTheInformationSocietyDanielBell:“TheComingOfthePost-IndustrialSociety:AVentureinSocialForecasting”(1973)HighlyinfluentialKeyconcern:changingroleoftechnicaldecision-makinginsociety(specificallyWesternIndustrialSociety)
Bell’sschemaModern“industrialsociety”dividedintothreeparts,eachruledbyadifferentaxialprinciple:economic/technical:thesocialstructureaxialprinciple:economisingdistributionofpower:thepolityaxialprinciple:participationexpressivesymblismandmeanings:thecultureaxialprinciple:fulfilment/enhancementofselfModelofemergingInformationSocietyChangefromgoods-producingtoservicesocietyTechnicalknowledgecentraltoinnovationintechnologyandpolityformationcreationofanew“intellectualtechnology”strengthedroleofscienceandcognitivevaluesModelofemergingInformationSocietyScientificandeconomicexpertsmoredirectlyinvolvedinpoliticalprocessdeepeningofexistingtendenciestobureaucratisingofintellectualworkcreatestrainsfortraditiondefinitionsofintellectualpursuitsPromotes“meritocracy”creation/expansionoftechnicalintellegensiaCritiquesofBellTechnocraticfocussesonselectiveaspectsoforganisationandforcesofproductionneglectthepossibilityofextendedindustrialisationandcommodificationofknowledgefunctionsandservicesHOWEVERtheoryhasledtosurgeofpolicyinitiativesinthe1ast10yearsInformationSocietyPolicyTheoryadaptedbyindustrialandpolicyelitesinitiativesmoreconcernedwithtechnologyandinfrastructurenotconcernedwithinformationandsocialissues,rathertechnicalbenefits/“competitiveness”markedbycombinationof“revolutionary”potentialofICTswithconservative“market”valuesPostmodernismDealswithissuesofconsumptiontheHOW(todescribe,represent)aswellastheWHAT(keycontentorfacts)Oftenmobilisedtosupport“ThirdWave” i.eKellyJean-FrancoisLyotard1“ThePostmodernCondition:AReportOnKnowledge”(1984)addressesmanyofthesameconcernsasBellPostmodernismculturalcorrelateofPost-industrialsocietyScientificknowledgetreatedas“discourse”Jean-FrancoisLyotard2Definesmodernas“anysciencethatlegitimatesitselfwithreferencetoametadiscourse”“Grand-narrative”subordinatesandorganiseslocal/micronarrativesPostmodern:incredulitytowardsmeta-narratives,introducesnew“games”evaluatedbyeffectsratherthanconformitytooverarchingdiscourseJean-FrancoisLyotard3Postmodernscience/knowledgecharaterisedbyincompleteinformation,littlenarratives,difference,focusonproducingtheunknownComputerisationmaybring“perfectinformation”,mayencourageunorthodoxthinking.Jurgen
Habermas:ModernityasincompleteprojectHabermas’workstressesthesocialcharacterofcommunicationprocessesprocessesofculturalrepresentationandsocialintegrationareinextricablylinkedcommunicativlystructured“l(fā)ife-world”communicativeactionHabermas:publicserviceethosBourgeoispublicspherecentralelementinshiftstowardmoredemocraticmodernityinvolvedhistoricallynewprincipleofpublicdebateerodedbymarketingrequirementsofcapitalismandformationofpublicopinionexplainsthepublicserviceethosPost-FordismsMore“holistic”thanothertheoriesArguesthatshot-runbusinesscyclesoverlaidbylongercycleRapidgrowthfollowedby“downswing”phasePeriodicclusteringofinterrelatednewtechnologicaldevelopments.二、世界傳播、文化與內(nèi)容產(chǎn)業(yè)融合與轉(zhuǎn)型分散法則Convergence:Print,Broadcast&OnlineHandinHandRosental
Calmon
AlvesUniversityofTexasatAustinInternationalConsortiumofInvestigativeJournalistsGeneralMembershipMeetingLondon4-7,2005ThefirstdecadeAfter10yearsofWebjournalism,wherearewe?Theaudiencehasreachedcriticalmass.Onlinejournalismbecameindispensableforvirtuallyall“well-informed”peoplealmosteverywhere.Onlineadvertisinghasgrownfastandwillsustainhighlevelsofgrowth.TheInternetistakingaudiencefromnewspapersandtelevision.From“TheVanishingNewspaper,”byPhilipMeyer:Inthestudy“AbandoningtheNews”(spring2005)theCarnegieCorporationofNewYorkshowshowyoungAmericans(ages18-34)aredistancingthemselvesfromthetraditionalmediaandmovingtotheInternetasamainsourceofnews.Thenexttwoslidesarefromthatstudyandcanbefoundat:/pdf/AbandoningTheNews.ppt.From“AbandoningtheNews”–CarnegieFoundationsurveyofconsumersages18-34From“AbandoningtheNews”–CarnegieFoundationsurveyofconsumersages18-34ThefirstdecadeNewspapersingeneralhavemoreofanaudiencedailyfortheirWebsitethandailyprintcirculation.Insteadofcirculationfigures,newspapersnowreferto“audience”,toincludetheWebusersandarguethattheInternetisonlystrengtheningitsoutreach.IntheUS,theaudiencekeepsdecliningforthetraditionaleveningnewscastsandlatelyalsoforcablenews.TheinvestmentsfortheWeb,however,arestillsmallcomparedwithitsaudienceandstrategicimportanceforthesurvivalofanymediacompany.TrendsoftheseconddecadeThemediaarelosingcontroltotheconsumersandtotheadvertisers.Consumershavemoreoptionstofindinformationandareabandoningbundledproducts.WeareenteringaneraofanI-centricmedia:thecontentIwant,whereIwant,intheformatIwant,butjustwhenIwantit.Andalsoanerawhentheaudiencehasavoiceandwantstobeheard.Trendsoftheseconddecade“Journalismusedtobealecture,nowitisaconversation,”sayDanGillmorandothersfromtheCitizenJournalismorParticipatoryJournalismmovement.PhenomenasuchasOandWikiNewscannotbeignored.Blogshavegrownfast(around30millionnow,anewoneeverysecond,creatingchallengesforjournalism…)RSS(ReallySimpleSyndication)changestherelationshipbetweenconsumersandthenewsmedia.Podcastingproliferatesandshowsthatnewways(andplatforms)forjournalismdistributionareonthehorizon.TrendsoftheseconddecadeThemediaarelosingcontroltotheadvertisersalso.Advertisersdependlessfromthetraditionalmedia,sincetheyhavenowotherwaystoreachconsumers.Thecommercialequationthatfinancesjournalismhasbeenunderminedbythenewmedia.Internetadvertisingismorepreciselytargeted…Andmuchcheaper.Thebulkoftheonlineadsgoestocompanieswithlittleornocommitmenttojournalism.TheKellermemoTheexecutiveeditoroftheNYTimeswrotethisweekamemotothestaffannouncingthemergingoftheprintnewsroomandtheWebsite:“OverthepasttenyearsthenewsroomofNandthenewsroomon43rdStreethavebeenpartnersatadistance…“Butinthosetenyears,theworldhaschanged.Thedigitalnewsoperationisnowgrownupandstrong,readytoenlargeitsambitions…“Wehaveconcludedthatourbestchanceofmeetingthatchallengeistointegratethetwonewsroomsintoone.Thiswillenableustofullytapthecreativeenergyofthisorganizationandthusraisedigitaljournalismtothenextlevel.”TheKellermemo“Thechangeembodiedinthisintegrationwillbegradualbutimportant.Forquiteafewyearsnow,we'veswornallegiancetothemodern-soundingdoctrineof"platformneutrality…“ByintegratingthenewsroomsweplantodiminishandeventuallyeliminatethedifferencebetweennewspaperjournalistsandWebjournalists--toreorganizeourstructuresandourmindstomakeWebjournalism,informsthatarebothfamiliarandyet-to-be-invented,asnaturaltousaswritingandediting,andtodoallofthiswithoutlosingtheessentialqualitiesthatmakeusTheTimes.“Ourreadersaremoving,andsoarewe”.Fromshovelwaretopre-purposingTheTimesannouncementradicallychangesthewaythenewspaperviewstheWebandwillbefollowedbyotherpapersthatwillbecomemoreWeb-centric(classifiedsarealreadyWeb-centric).AllnewsorganizationsadoptedWebsites.Manyhavebeenlostincyberspace,makingtheirsitesjustajust-in-case-place-holder.NewscontentwasshoveledfromthetraditionalmediumtotheWeb.Fromshovelware,weevolvedtore-purposing(alittleadaptationtothenewmedium).Thattimeisover…Pre-purposingisthenameofthegame.Fromshovelwaretopre-purposingPre-purposingmeanstheintegrationBillKellerwantsinthathistoricalmemo.ItwillnotbethestoryoftheNewYorkTimesformattedtofitintheN…Itwillbethefirstversionofthestoryfortheonlineedition(andmaybethesecondandthirdversionsaswell),plustheprinteditionconsolidatedversion.Itmeansaninvolvementoftheonlineinthenewsproductionprocesssincetheverybeginning.AjournalismunderconstructionWhilejournalismasweknowitisdying,anewkind(ornewkinds)ofjournalismisunderconstruction.ThenextfewyearsitwillshapeupontheInternet,onmobilephones,onPDAs,onMP3players,onInteractiveTV,onnewplatformsthatwillbelaunched.Investigativejournalismfindsinthisnewworldafertileterrain.Thenewstyleismultimedia,multiplatformandhasuniquecapabilitiesthatfacilitatethepublicationofinvestigative/in-depthpieces.“Ourreadersaremoving,andsoarewe”.BillKeller,ExecutiveEditor,TheNewYorkTimesMartinNisenholtz,CEO,NewYorkTimesDigitalAugust2,2005Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?Areyoumoving?三、全球化麥克盧漢布熱津斯基湯林森GlobalStateFormation:
ForWhom?ChristopherChase-DunnInstituteforResearchonWorld-SystemsUniversityofCalifornia,RiversideStateFormationandtheevolutionofhumaninstitutionsWhatisapolity?:bands,tribes,chiefdoms,states,empiresWhatisastate?:A“sovereign”organizationwithspecializedinstitutionsofregionalcontrol(bureaucraciesandarmies).Thegrowthofpolities:riseandfallandoccasionalupwardjumps.HierarchiesandNetworks:pulsationandriseandfallComplexChiefdoms,Earlystates,EmpireformationExpansionoftheCentralWorld-SystemSemiperipheralcapitalistcity-statesTheRiseoftheWestModernnation-statesandcapitalismWavesofeconomicandpoliticalglobalizationTheriseandfallofmodernhegemoniccorepowers:theDutchinthe17thcentury,theBritishinthe19thcentury,theU.S.inthe20thcenturyReproductionoftheInterstateSystemandthelongriseofaglobalstateGlobalGovernance:TheConcertofEurope;TheLeagueofNations;TheUnitedNationsOutlineoftheTalk:GlobalClassFormation Thetransnationalcapitalistclassinthe19thandthe20thcenturies TransnationalizationofworkersandcitizensTheGlobalizationProjectandtheformationofcapitalisttransnationalstateReconfigurationofnationalstatesandinternationalinstitutionsforthepurposesofneoliberalismGlobalKeynesianism:theTobinTax,etc.theWorldEconomicForumGlobalizationfrombelow:theWorldSocialForumWavesofGlobalizationandGlobalizationBacklashGlobalizationfromBelowvs.Anti-globalizationAnti-SystemicTransnationalMovements:TheLaborMovement;TheWomen’sMovement;GlobalIndigenism;TheEnvironmentalMovementSemiperipheralDemocraticSocialistRegimesStickyWickets:HegemonicRivalry,GlobalInequality,EcocatastropheTowardGlobalDemocracyRiseandFalloflargepowerfulpolitieswithintermittentupsweepsIterativeCausesofCityandStateGrowthStateandMarketFormationSemiperipheralDevelopmentSemiperipheralRegionsareMostOftentheSitesofInnovationsinNewInstitutionsandTechnologiesthatleadtoUpwardMobilityand/orTransformtheLogicofSocialChangeTypesofSemiperipheralSocieties:SemiperipheralMarcherChiefdoms:PatrickKirchSemiperipheralMarcherStatesSemperipheralCapitalistCityStatesSemiperipheralWorldRegions:EuropeModernHegemons:Dutch,British,U.S.RiseoftheCentral
System4000BCE2000CETimeWestEastCentralPGNCentralPMNEastAsianPGNMongolEmpireEastAsianPMNEast/WestPulsationsandMerger
Resistance,WorldRevolutionsandtheHistoricalDevelopmentofWorldOrdersWavesofColonizationandDecolonizationsincethe16thcenturyDavidP.Henige,ColonialGovernorsCore-WideEmpirevs.ModernHegemonyUSHegemonicDeclineGlobalization(twokinds)TheGlobalizationProject(marketmagicaspoliticalideology)
StructuralGlobalization(
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 保潔員考試答案
- 2024年醋酸正丙酯市場(chǎng)分析:醋酸正丙酯亞太地區(qū)市場(chǎng)份額約為66%
- 4s店工作總結(jié)匯報(bào)
- 2024-2025學(xué)年初中信息技術(shù)(信息科技)七年級(jí)上冊(cè)桂科版(2008)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)合集
- 120字日記大全60篇
- 大學(xué)語文(第五版)課件 第七講 古代辭賦;第八講 古代散文;第九講 古代戲曲
- 工業(yè)機(jī)器人智能化升級(jí)路徑與實(shí)施方案
- 小學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)大賽題
- 中國的飲食文化和傳統(tǒng)菜肴
- 你喜歡的蔬菜有哪些
- 建筑學(xué)外文翻譯
- 人音版 九年級(jí)上冊(cè)音樂 第三單元 瑤族舞曲 教案教案1000字
- 泰坦尼克號(hào)視聽分析影評(píng)
- 腫瘤患者營養(yǎng)管理
- 《陸上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組混凝土塔架生產(chǎn)技術(shù)規(guī)程》
- 4M變更管理試卷
- 中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年度學(xué)校年度工作計(jì)劃
- 公需科2024廣東公需課《新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力與高質(zhì)量發(fā)展》試題(含答案)繼續(xù)教育
- 消防控制室共用協(xié)議書
- KA-T 20.1-2024 非煤礦山建設(shè)項(xiàng)目安全設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)編寫提綱 第1部分:金屬非金屬地下礦山建設(shè)項(xiàng)目安全設(shè)施設(shè)計(jì)編寫提綱
- 兒童支氣管肺炎見習(xí)帶教
評(píng)論
0/150
提交評(píng)論