非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)講座市公開(kāi)課金獎(jiǎng)市賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

TheInfinitive第1頁(yè)GrammarReview1動(dòng)詞不定式（TheInfinitive）

動(dòng)詞不定式是一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，可在句中擔(dān)任除謂語(yǔ)外其它任何成份。除不定式外，動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式還有動(dòng)名詞和分詞。動(dòng)詞不定式分為帶to不定式(toinfinitive)和不帶to不定式(bareinfinitive)。帶to不定式由to+動(dòng)詞原形組成，不帶to不定式為動(dòng)詞原形。不定式形式改變和使用方法列表以下：GrammarReview第2頁(yè)GrammarReview2

時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式普通時(shí) towrite tobewritten進(jìn)行時(shí) tobewriting 完成時(shí) tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成進(jìn)行時(shí) tohavebeenwriting 不定式形式改變（以write為例）第3頁(yè)GrammarReview3不定式使用方法用法例句1.作主語(yǔ):當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，慣用

it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將不定式放到句子后部Tomasteralanguageisnotaneasything.掌握一門(mén)語(yǔ)言不是一件輕易事情。ToteachEnglishismyfavorite.教英語(yǔ)是我最?lèi)?ài)。It’snecessaryforyoutohaveagoodsleepbeforethetest.考試前一定要睡個(gè)好覺(jué)。2.作賓語(yǔ):主要結(jié)構(gòu)為“動(dòng)詞+不定式”，

“動(dòng)詞+wh-詞+不定式”IliketohelpothersifIcan.我愿意盡力幫助他人。Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforapicnic?你們決定好到哪兒去野餐了嗎？第4頁(yè)GrammarReview4不定式使用方法用法

例句3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ):但在let,make,have,hear,lookat,see,feel等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，用不帶to不定式Weexpectyoutobewithus.我們期待你和我們?cè)谝黄稹hedoctoradvisedmetoquitsmoking.醫(yī)生勸我戒煙。Fatherhadmyyoungerbrotherwashthecartoday.今天父親讓弟弟洗車(chē)。Iheardhimspeakinthenextroom.我聽(tīng)到他在隔壁房間里講話。

作表語(yǔ)

WhatIshoulddoistofinishthetasksoon.

我應(yīng)該做是趕快完成任務(wù)。Themosturgentthingistoseeadoctor.

當(dāng)務(wù)之急是馬上去看病。

第5頁(yè)GrammarReview5不定式使用方法

用法

例句作定語(yǔ):通常放在其所修飾名詞或代詞之后Ihavenodesiretotravel.我沒(méi)有旅行愿望。Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他總是最終一個(gè)離創(chuàng)辦公室人。作狀語(yǔ):可以表示原因、目和結(jié)果等Hegotupearlytoreviewhislessons.他早起是為了復(fù)習(xí)功課。Shewastootiredtowalk.她累得走不動(dòng)了。第6頁(yè)Hegetsupearly(是為了趕上第一班公共汽車(chē)).Iamsorry(沒(méi)有按時(shí)完成作文).Ithinkheis(做好這份工作人最正確人選).GrammarReview_Ex1TranslatetheChineseinthebracketsintoEnglish.10.It’snecessaryforus(相互幫忙).tohelpeachotherwheretogetthisbookIcantellyou(到哪找這本書(shū)).tohavekeptyouwaitingsolongWearesorry(讓你久等了).togettheworkdoneasquicklyaspossibleWhatyoushoulddois(盡快地完成工作).thebestonetodothework____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ilike(出去散步)inthewarmsunshineinspring.togooutforawalk________________nottohavefinishedtheessayontime______________________________tocatchthefirstbus_________________Idon’tknow(怎樣給他回信).Ididn’texpect(被邀請(qǐng)).howtoanswerhisletter____________________tobeinvited

___________..9.10.第7頁(yè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式第8頁(yè)GR1GrammarReview動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式由動(dòng)詞原形+-ing組成。它能夠在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),但不能單獨(dú)組成謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式改變（以write為例）主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)普通式 writing beingwritten完成式 havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten第9頁(yè)GR2動(dòng)詞-ing使用方法用法例句1.

作主語(yǔ)MakinghistoryinmyfamilyisyetanotherimportantthingIhopetogainfrommycollegeeducation.在我家庭中創(chuàng)造歷史是我希望從大學(xué)教育中得到又一樣主要東西。Takingalookbackhasmotivatedmetoreachfarther.回顧過(guò)去激勵(lì)著我走得更遠(yuǎn)。作動(dòng)詞、介詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)2.Hethoughtthatifhehidintherestroom,hecouldridetoNewYorkwithoutpaying.他想假如他躲在洗手間里，便能夠不付錢(qián)就乘車(chē)去紐約。Hetookupsingingrecently.他最近對(duì)唱歌發(fā)生了興趣。第10頁(yè)GR3用法例句3.

作表語(yǔ)ItisfittingthatJanuary4,Louis’sbirthday,isconsideredBrailleDay,inhonoroftheblind.把路易生日1月4日定為向盲人表示敬意布拉耶日是非常恰當(dāng)。Myjobistrainingnewworkers.我工作是培訓(xùn)新工人。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)4.Inoticedtheyoungporterofasleepingcarwhisperingtotheconductorandnoddingtowardme.我注意到一個(gè)年輕臥車(chē)行李搬運(yùn)員正在跟列車(chē)員竊竊私語(yǔ)，并朝著我點(diǎn)頭。Canyougetthecargoing?

你能開(kāi)動(dòng)這輛車(chē)嗎？第11頁(yè)GR4用法例句作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)普通放在被修飾詞之前，動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)普通放在被修飾詞之后I’vetriedeverywaytocomfortthecryinggirl.我已經(jīng)想盡了各種方法來(lái)?yè)嵛磕莻€(gè)哭哭啼啼女孩。EverydaypeoplespeakingEnglishaskoneanotherquestionslikethese:“Didyousayseventyorseventeen?”天天講英語(yǔ)人會(huì)相互問(wèn)這么問(wèn)題：“你是說(shuō)七十還是十七呢？”。作狀語(yǔ)，能夠表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件和結(jié)果等6.Sheanswered,wonderingwhatintheworldhemeant.她回答道，卻不明白他話終究是什么意思。Thebrotherssateyeingeachotheroverthetopsofthemoneybags.兩弟兄坐在那兒，目光越過(guò)錢(qián)袋頂看著對(duì)方。5.第12頁(yè)GR5TranslatetheChineseinthebracketsintoEnglish.1.Thesunshinesbrightinthesky,(給我們光和熱).Theyhadsixotherchildren—threeboysandthreegirls,(年紀(jì)在4到16歲之間).2.3.(應(yīng)邀在此講話)isagreathonorforme.4.I’msogladtohear(你勉勵(lì)話).Theyoungman(坐在瑪麗和湯姆中間)isthechairmanoftheStudentUnion.5.givingusheatandlight___________________sittingbetweenMaryandTom________________________Beinginvitedtospeakhere______________________yourencouragingwords____________________ranginginagefrom4to16______________________第13頁(yè)GR66.What’sthepointof(把今天工作留到明天)?Fromthewindowwecouldseethechildren(在操場(chǎng)上玩耍).7.8.Youshouldn’tdriveformorethanthreehourswithout(休息片刻).(應(yīng)邀在此講話)isagreathonorforme.9.Herushedout,(留下我一個(gè)人)intherestaurant.WilburandOrvilledidn’thaveanyspecialtraininginscienceorengineering,buttheyenjoyed(把機(jī)械東西拆開(kāi))toseehowtheyworked.10.takingmechanicalthingsapart_________________________leavingtoday’sworkfortomorrow___________________________playingintheplayground_____________________takingabreak____________leavingmealone______________第14頁(yè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式與不定式比較第15頁(yè)GR1GrammarReview動(dòng)詞-ing形式與不定式比較（1）在一些情況下只能使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式而不能使用不定式。1.有些動(dòng)詞能直接帶-ing形式作它賓語(yǔ)，而不能帶不定式，如：admit,advise,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,favor,finish，imagine,involve,keep,mind，miss,postpone,practise,resist,risk,suggest等。 We’reconsideringopeninganewofficeinBeijing.我們正考慮在北京開(kāi)設(shè)一家新辦事處。Bequiet!Hehasn’tfinishedspeaking.平靜！他還沒(méi)有說(shuō)完呢。Ienjoyplayingtennis.我喜歡打網(wǎng)球。P.59第16頁(yè)GR22.有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后通常跟-ing形式，如：giveup,putoff,keepon,carryon,can’thelp,feellike等。Yououghttogiveupsmoking.I’llhavetoputoffgoinguntilnextweek.3.Ican’thelpthinkingheknowsmorethanhehastoldus.3.有些結(jié)構(gòu)通常要求使用-ing短語(yǔ)，如it’snousedoingsth.,it’snogooddoingsth.,havedifficultydoingsth.,havetroubledoingsth.,spend/wastetimedoingsth.,there’snopoint(in)doingsth.,it’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.等。I’msureyou’llhavenodifficultypassingtheexamination.There’snopoint(in)buyingacarifyoudon’twanttodrive.假如你不想開(kāi)車(chē)，買(mǎi)車(chē)就沒(méi)有意義了。It’snogoodaskingTomtohelpyou.第17頁(yè)1.Irecommend(盡快看醫(yī)生).2.Let’skeepon(再干一個(gè)小時(shí)).3.I’mconsidering(買(mǎi)輛新車(chē)).4.Hesuggested(去看電影).Hementioned(曾經(jīng)去過(guò)紐約).I’mthinkingabout(辭掉我這份工作).6.HiswrittenFrenchisverygoodbutheneedstopractise(說(shuō)法語(yǔ)).Moststarswearsunglassesinpublictoavoid(被認(rèn)出).workingforanotherhourgoingtothecinemaseeingadoctorassoonaspossiblebuyinganewcarhavingbeentoNewYorkquittingmyjobspeakingitbeingrecognized________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________GR5TranslatetheChineseinthebracketsintoEnglish.5.7.8.P.59第18頁(yè)spendingallthatmoneylosingmyjob9.Imagine(花掉全部錢(qián))onacoat!I’dliketohelpyou,butIcan’trisk(丟掉我工作).______________________________GR610.第19頁(yè)第20頁(yè)GR1GrammarReview動(dòng)詞-ing形式與不定式比較（2）1.有些動(dòng)詞能直接帶不定式作它們賓語(yǔ)，而不能帶-ing形式，如agree,choose,decide,expect,hope,plan,prepare,learn,refuse,wish,fail,manage,neglect,offer,promise,threaten等。1.MakinghistoryinmyfamilyisyetanotherimportantthingIhopetogainfrommycollegeeducation.2.FromacollegeeducationIplantopursuehigherlearning,tobeginacareerandtomakehistoryinmyfamily.3.Onemustlearntodosuchthingsasapplyingmathskillsaswellasbeingresponsibleandindependent.4.Hepromisedtokeepthesecret.Wetendtogetcaughtupineveryday5.businessandconcernsandforgetsomeofthethingsthataremostimportant.第21頁(yè)GR22.有些動(dòng)詞后面常跟“賓語(yǔ)+不定式”，這些動(dòng)詞包含allow,advise,ask,cause,consider,enable,encourage,force,invite,order,show,teach,tell等。1.Thoughingreatpain,heforcedhimselftoexercisedailyandfinallytookafewpainfulsteps.2.WeinvitedMissSmithtoattendourparty.3.Learningallowsustobefamiliarwithourenvironmentandeveryoneinit,anditallowsustomaintainassuranceofourselves.4.OurteacherencouragesustospeakEnglishwheneverthere’sachance.第22頁(yè)GR33.有些動(dòng)詞后面能夠跟“疑問(wèn)詞”（WH-word）+不定式”，這些動(dòng)詞包含ask,explain,imagine,learn,understand,decide,forget,know,remember,wonder等。Ididn’tknowwhattocallhim.我當(dāng)初不知道該怎樣稱呼他。Shehadforgottenhowtodoit.她已忘了怎樣做了。It’suptoyoutodecidewheretohavetheparty.由你決定在哪里聚會(huì)。第23頁(yè)GR4Iaskedhimwhattodo.我問(wèn)他該怎么辦。We’llshowherhowtousethedictionary.我們會(huì)教她怎樣使用這本詞典。OurteachertaughtushowtowritepersonallettersinEnglish.我們老師教過(guò)我們?cè)鯓佑糜⒄Z(yǔ)寫(xiě)私人信件。有些動(dòng)詞后面能夠跟“賓語(yǔ)+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”，這些動(dòng)詞包含ask,remind,show,teach,tell等。4.第24頁(yè)smokingtostaytothinktobringbuyingtostaytryingtravelingmeetingbursting1.Mr.Thomasdoesn’tallow(smoke)inhisoffice.2.Hisparentswon’tallowhim(stay)outlate.3.Ateachershouldencouragehisorherstudents(think)independently.4.Theguarddidn’tpermitme(bring)mycameraandtaperecorder.5.Whenhegotthenews,hefeltlike(burst)intotears.6.I’dadvise(buy)yourticketswellinadvanceifyouwanttotravelinAugust.7.Policeareadvisingfanswithouttickets(stay)away.8.Sheiswastinghertime(try)toexplainittohim.9.Shecan’tbelievethatpeoplestillrisk(travel)withoutinsurance.10.IwanttotravelbecauseIenjoy(meet)peopleandseeing(see)newplaces._________________________________________________________________GR5Puttheverbsinbracketsintherightforms,usingeitherthe-ingformortheinfinitive.第25頁(yè)第26頁(yè)GR1GrammarReview動(dòng)詞-ing形式與不定式比較（3）在一些情況下既能使用不定式，也能使用-ing形式，但有時(shí)兩種形式所表示意義是有差異。1.下面動(dòng)詞后用不定式或用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，意義上幾乎無(wú)差異：begin,start,prefer,continue。但當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)候，后面普通用不定式。Shestartedtocry.=Shestartedcrying.Theycontinuedtotalk.=Theycontinuedtalking.Ididn’tbeginreadingthebookuntilshecamein.=Ididn’tbegintoreadthebookuntilshecamein.It’sstarting/beginningtorain.（不用：It’sstarting/beginningraining.）第27頁(yè)GR2Hehasforgottentomeether.他忘了要去見(jiàn)她。（表示要發(fā)生動(dòng)作）Hehasforgottenmeetingherlastyear.他忘了去年曾見(jiàn)過(guò)她。（表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生動(dòng)作）HetriedtolearnJapanese.他試圖學(xué)習(xí)日語(yǔ)。（想做某事）HetriedlearningJapanese.他試著學(xué)習(xí)日語(yǔ)。（嘗試做某事）Weregrettoinformyouthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.我們遺憾地通知您，您申請(qǐng)沒(méi)有成功。Heregrettedhavingmentionedit.他后悔提到了這件事。Imeantogoandnothingisgoingtostopme.我決意要走，什么也阻攔不了我。Thekeytoendurancerunningistoconserveenergy.Thismeansusingaslittleenergyasneededtomoveoneselfforward.耐力跑要訣是保留能量。這意味著用所需最小能量使自己向前移動(dòng)。2.下面一些動(dòng)詞后用不定式或用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，在意義上是有差異：remember,forget,regret,try,mean。第28頁(yè)GR2goon,stop后跟不定式和跟-ing形式在意義上也是有差異。3.Afterreadingthetext,theteacherwentontoexplainthenewwords.讀完課文后，老師接著解釋生詞。（接下去做另一件事）Hesaidnothingbutjustwentonworking.他什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)，只是繼續(xù)干活。（繼續(xù)做同一件事）Theystoppedtotakeafewpictures.他們停下來(lái)拍了幾張照片。（停下來(lái)去做另一件事）Theystoppedtakingpictures.

他們停頓了攝影。（停頓做某事）第29頁(yè)Johnisn’there.Tryphoninghishomenumbertoseeifhe’sthere.Walkingalongthestreet,hestoppedtotakeapicture.Iforgottoaskhimforhisaddress.Weregrettoinformyouthemodelyouwantisoutofstock.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________GR5Rewritethefollowingsentences,usingthewordsinbrackets.1.Johnisn’there.Phoneh