淺談手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)中字母排列方式的設(shè)計(jì)

74/74HYPERLINK"/"手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)中字母排列方式的設(shè)計(jì)北京市八一中學(xué)高二年級(jí)：楊子申指導(dǎo)教師：邵文武摘要：在人們開(kāi)始依靠于用手機(jī)短信交流信息的今天，用手機(jī)打字的速度，也越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注，因此，一個(gè)適宜的手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)，也就變得越來(lái)越重要。通過(guò)研究表明，我們能夠通過(guò)改變字母之間的位置，來(lái)提高人們用手機(jī)打字的速度。關(guān)鍵詞：手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)、等待時(shí)刻。一、問(wèn)題的提出在科技水平高度發(fā)達(dá)的今天，手機(jī)差不多成為當(dāng)今人們必不可少的通訊工具之一。而關(guān)于手機(jī)的使用，人們差不多不限于只是簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單的通話，越來(lái)越多的人們，開(kāi)始依靠于用手機(jī)短信談天，手機(jī)短信也逐漸成為人們生活中必不可少的一部分。既然當(dāng)今的人們?nèi)绱艘揽坑谑謾C(jī)短信，那么用手機(jī)打字的速度，也越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注，因此，一個(gè)適宜的手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)，也就變得越來(lái)越重要。當(dāng)今，縱觀各式各樣的手機(jī)，不管外形多么華麗，功能多么齊全，而鍵盤(pán)上的順序差不多差不多上一樣的，沒(méi)有什么太大的差異?，F(xiàn)時(shí)期手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)上的字母順序大體是如此的；數(shù)字1鍵上沒(méi)有任何字母（為了中文輸入時(shí)方便確認(rèn)，相當(dāng)于電腦鍵盤(pán)上的Enter鍵），數(shù)字2鍵上同時(shí)依次設(shè)有字母a、b、c，數(shù)字3鍵上設(shè)有字母d、e、f，以此類(lèi)推，數(shù)字4、5、……、9鍵上分不設(shè)有字母g、h、i，j、k、l，m、n、o，p、q、r、s，t、u、v，w、x、y、z。而只是如此單純地按照字母的順序來(lái)排列，勢(shì)必會(huì)阻礙手機(jī)打字的速度，給人們的生活帶來(lái)不便。像上面所敘述的，既然現(xiàn)今的手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)存在著如此之多不盡人意的弊端，那么能否通過(guò)改變字母之間的放置的位置，來(lái)提高人們用手機(jī)打字的速度呢？注：在拼寫(xiě)單詞時(shí)，由于相鄰的兩個(gè)字母處于手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)的同一個(gè)按鍵上，而在輸入該兩字母之間，必須等待一定的時(shí)刻。二、建立數(shù)學(xué)模型由于手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)相關(guān)于電腦鍵盤(pán)來(lái)講是專(zhuān)門(mén)小的，空間極為有限。同時(shí)關(guān)于大多數(shù)人，在手機(jī)上打字時(shí)，也往往僅用一個(gè)或是兩個(gè)大拇指。因此，在此我們暫且認(rèn)為，手機(jī)上的各個(gè)按鍵，被手指所按擊的難易程度相等。關(guān)于中文的打字，不同的人可能適應(yīng)于不同的打字方式。有的人對(duì)拼音比較熟悉，他就可能比較喜愛(ài)選用拼音錄入的方式；有的人比較擅長(zhǎng)筆畫(huà)順序，它就可能選用筆順的錄入方式；另外的一些人還可能對(duì)拼音不太熟悉，寫(xiě)字時(shí)又經(jīng)常適應(yīng)倒插筆，那么他就可能比較適合于筆畫(huà)數(shù)的錄入方式……總之，關(guān)于不同的人群，在手機(jī)上錄入漢字的方式，可能各不相同。因此，在那個(gè)地點(diǎn)我們針對(duì)的是英語(yǔ)的錄入?，F(xiàn)在手機(jī)的小巧，盡管方便了人們的攜帶和保存，但這也必定會(huì)產(chǎn)生它的弊端——小巧袖珍的鍵盤(pán)，這直接導(dǎo)致了手機(jī)上按鍵數(shù)目的缺少。為解決字母輸入的問(wèn)題，人們只能將若干個(gè)字母排列在一個(gè)按鍵上。由于英語(yǔ)是一種用單個(gè)字母依次排列，組成單詞，再將多個(gè)單詞排列，從而組成句子的語(yǔ)言。因此關(guān)于英語(yǔ)的錄入，我們只能依次輸入每一個(gè)單詞中的每個(gè)字母。然而，多個(gè)字母排列在一個(gè)按鍵上，盡管聰慧的前人想到了能夠通過(guò)延遲和多次敲擊同一個(gè)按鍵的錄入方法，來(lái)解決手機(jī)按鍵緊張的問(wèn)題，但這也一定程度上阻礙了手機(jī)打字的速度。按照一般的手機(jī)，排列字母的按鍵一般只有2-9，共有八個(gè)數(shù)字鍵，而英文字母卻共有26個(gè)（不區(qū)分大小寫(xiě)），又26/8=3……2，因此平均每個(gè)字母按鍵上有3個(gè)字母（包括有2個(gè)按鍵上有四個(gè)字母）。按照現(xiàn)在手機(jī)使用的適應(yīng)，在設(shè)計(jì)新鍵盤(pán)時(shí)，還保留現(xiàn)在手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)中各相應(yīng)按鍵上字母的個(gè)數(shù)，按照3、3、3、3、3、4、3、4的順序，依次排列。（即數(shù)字2、3、4、5、6、8六個(gè)上各排有3個(gè)字母，位于兩下角的數(shù)字鍵7和9上，排有4個(gè)字母。）因此，在設(shè)計(jì)新的手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)時(shí)，考慮到手機(jī)按鍵的緊張，盡可能的充分的利用上述八個(gè)按鍵。通過(guò)統(tǒng)計(jì)，并進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算（計(jì)算時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)量比較大時(shí)，采納電腦編程的輔助手段關(guān)心完成），盡量使等待時(shí)刻達(dá)到最短，從而使使用者在對(duì)鍵盤(pán)的熟悉度相同的情況下，進(jìn)一步提高打字的速度，如此就設(shè)計(jì)出適合英文打字的鍵盤(pán)。注：?jiǎn)未蔚却龝r(shí)刻：在拼寫(xiě)單詞時(shí)，由于相鄰的兩個(gè)字母在手機(jī)的同一個(gè)按鍵上，而在輸入該兩字母時(shí)刻，必須等待一定的時(shí)刻。等待時(shí)刻：在輸入一段內(nèi)容時(shí)，必須等待的時(shí)刻總和。三、具體設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程（1）選取英文材料，作為統(tǒng)計(jì)中的資料來(lái)源通過(guò)多種途徑，盡可能的從多方面，查找涉及范圍廣的，與日常生活緊密相關(guān)的英文材料，從中篩選出了一些對(duì)話和文章（見(jiàn)附錄），作為統(tǒng)計(jì)中的資料來(lái)源；（2）整理資料，并初步統(tǒng)計(jì)將（1）中所找到的資料做適當(dāng)剪輯，并將之整理、匯總，初步統(tǒng)計(jì)每個(gè)英語(yǔ)字母在其中出現(xiàn)的頻數(shù)，并將統(tǒng)計(jì)好的數(shù)據(jù)，按26個(gè)字母按出現(xiàn)頻數(shù)多少進(jìn)行排序。資料中單個(gè)字母出現(xiàn)頻數(shù)表字母頻數(shù)字母頻數(shù)字母頻數(shù)字母頻數(shù)字母頻數(shù)e4799n2411m988p572j72t3435s2274w980b525x50o3049r2026y938k372q44a2864l1669c826v368z16i2627d1569g809h2474u1132f785注：在上表中統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)雖均為出現(xiàn)頻數(shù)，但由于此處的頻率與頻數(shù)成正比。因此，為了敘述方便和表述明確，以下均使用頻率那個(gè)概念。（為簡(jiǎn)化計(jì)算，使用頻數(shù)的數(shù)值。）（3）等待時(shí)刻最短的理想模型由于手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)中八個(gè)按鍵上字母分不有3、3、3、3、3、4、3、4個(gè)，因此將英語(yǔ)中全部的26個(gè)字母編為八組（除兩組有四個(gè)字母數(shù)外，其余每組均有三個(gè)字母）。為使等待時(shí)刻最短，設(shè)計(jì)下列關(guān)于總等待時(shí)刻y的函數(shù)。將26個(gè)英語(yǔ)字母按上述要求任意編為八組，按照資料中統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)，將每組中（即每個(gè)按鍵上）的任意兩個(gè)字母進(jìn)行排列，依照統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)的頻率（此處為簡(jiǎn)化計(jì)算，使用頻數(shù)的數(shù)值，下同），計(jì)算出該組的組等待時(shí)刻T。（T=組內(nèi)任意兩字母排列頻率的總和×單次等待時(shí)刻t）再將該分組中，每組的組等待時(shí)刻T相加，便得到總等待時(shí)刻y，即y=T1+T2+……+T8。如：按照現(xiàn)在手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)的分組，總等待時(shí)刻y的計(jì)算方法如下。先計(jì)算第一組（即數(shù)字鍵為2的字母組）的組等待時(shí)刻T1。將第一組中的三個(gè)字母a、b、c，按照任意順序排列（ab、ba、ac、ca、bc、cb，共六組），分不統(tǒng)計(jì)上述六種情況出現(xiàn)的頻率，并將這六種情況出現(xiàn)的頻率相加，再乘上單次等待時(shí)刻t，便得到第一組的組等待時(shí)刻T1。按照上述方法，分不計(jì)算出其余七組的組等待時(shí)刻T2，T3，……，T8。最后，將T1，T2，……，T8相加，便得到該分組時(shí)的總等待時(shí)刻y。計(jì)算出所有分組情況下的總等待時(shí)刻y，比較各種分組中總等待時(shí)刻y的大小，選出其中y最小時(shí)的分組。那么，該分組情況，即為資料中所表現(xiàn)出的，該形式手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)的，等待時(shí)刻最短的分組，即為最佳分組。注：組等待時(shí)刻：26個(gè)英語(yǔ)字母編為的八組中，每組組內(nèi)的等待時(shí)刻之和。總等待時(shí)刻：26個(gè)英語(yǔ)字母編為的八組，總共的等待時(shí)刻之和。（4）理想模型的局限通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算，不久便發(fā)覺(jué)，要實(shí)現(xiàn)那個(gè)理想模型，存在著許多問(wèn)題。下面，我們對(duì)分組情況進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的統(tǒng)計(jì)。分組要求：將26個(gè)字母任意編為八組，每組分不有3、3、3、3、3、4、3、4個(gè)字母。那個(gè)要求看似專(zhuān)門(mén)簡(jiǎn)單，可實(shí)際計(jì)算時(shí)，數(shù)字卻十分驚人。首先，我們先選擇第一組的3個(gè)字母。因?yàn)橐还灿?6個(gè)英語(yǔ)字母，從中不計(jì)順序的選擇3個(gè)，共有C（26，3）種可能性。再選擇第二組的3個(gè)字母時(shí)，由于第一組差不多選出了3個(gè)字母，從剩余的23個(gè)字母中，再不記順序的選擇3個(gè)，共有C（23，3）種可能性。同理，選出剩余四個(gè)含有3個(gè)字母的組，依次有C（20，3），C（17，3），C（14，3），C（11，3）種可能性。依照乘法原理，上述六組共有C（26，3）×C（23，3）×C（20，3）×C（17，3）×C（14，3）×C（11，3）（記為n）種選法（考慮順序）。又由于以上六組不分先后，因此，上述六組共有n/6！種選法。同理，剩余兩組含有4個(gè)字母的組共有C（8，4）×C（4，4）/2！種選法。綜上所述，按照分組要求，將26個(gè)字母任意編為八組，共有n/6！×C（8，4）×C（4，4）/2！=1.04214×1016種選法。由此可見(jiàn)，關(guān)于如此龐大的計(jì)算量，專(zhuān)門(mén)難進(jìn)行后續(xù)工作。C（n，m）組合n個(gè)中取m個(gè)（5）調(diào)整后的模型通過(guò)上面的敘述，不難發(fā)覺(jué)，在實(shí)際操作中，這種盡管能夠使等待時(shí)刻最短的理想模型，實(shí)在是難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此，在實(shí)際操作時(shí)，采納以下的方法，對(duì)理想模型進(jìn)行改善。Ⅰ.統(tǒng)計(jì)上述資料中，單個(gè)字母出現(xiàn)頻率，并進(jìn)行排序，從中選出排在前八位的字母，把它們作為手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)八個(gè)按鍵中的首個(gè)字母。EtoaIhns

Ⅱ.除去上述排在前八位的字母，剩余字母中，選出單個(gè)字母出現(xiàn)頻率最高的字母（即在全部的26個(gè)字母中，單個(gè)字母出現(xiàn)頻率排在第九位的字母），讓該字母依次與上述八個(gè)按鍵中的首個(gè)字母（即單個(gè)字母出現(xiàn)頻率排在前八位的字母）相交。比較相交的結(jié)果，從中找出所有相交的數(shù)值最小的。然后，將該字母放于與之相交所得數(shù)值最小字母的按鍵上，并排列在按鍵中的首字母之后，作為此按鍵的第二個(gè)字母。字母組合頻率和字母組合頻率和字母組合頻率和re483er567re|er1050rt88tr66rt|tr154ro195or271ro|or466ra98ar237ra|ar335ri153ir104ri|ir257rh3hr24rh|hr27rn45nr1rn|nr46rs102sr0rs|sr102etoaihrnsⅢ.再?gòu)氖Ｓ嘧帜钢?，選出單個(gè)字母出現(xiàn)頻率最高的字母，讓該字母依次與上述剩余七個(gè)按鍵中的首個(gè)字母相交，從中找出相交的數(shù)值最小的，將該字母放于所交字母之后。同時(shí)在所有按鍵的第k個(gè)字母排列完之前，不在任何鍵上排列第（k+1）個(gè)字母。按照上述方法依次排列所有按鍵的第二個(gè)字母。字母組合頻率和字母組合頻率和字母組合頻率和le220el160le|el380lt21tl36lt|tl57lo110ol93lo|ol203la107al200la|al307li160il173li|il333ln0nl12ln|nl12ls36sl12ls|sl48eytdocawiuhrnlsmⅣ.再?gòu)氖Ｓ嘧帜钢?，選出單個(gè)字母出現(xiàn)頻率最高的字母，讓該字母依次與每一個(gè)按鍵上的每一個(gè)字母相交。分不統(tǒng)計(jì)該字母與每個(gè)按鍵上的字母相交之和，比較它們和的大小，從中選出所交和最小的，并將該字母放于該按鍵所有字母之后。同理，排列好每個(gè)按鍵上的三個(gè)字母。字母組合頻率和字母組合頻率和字母組合頻率和ge73eg37ge|eg110gt0tg0gt|tg0go81og17go|og98ga49ag57ga|ag106gi40ig84gi|ig124gh93hg0gh|hg93gn14ng300gn|ng314gs8sg1gs|sg9gy1yg0gy|yg1gd0dg4gd|dg4gc0cg0gc|cg0gw0wg0gw|wg0gu29ug40gu|ug69gr72rg11gr|rg83gl16lg1gl|lg17gm0mg0gm|mg0字母組合頻率和字母組合頻率和頻率總和ge|eg110gy|yg1111gt|tg0gd|dg44go|og98gc|cg098ga|ag106gw|wg0106gi|ig124gu|ug69193gh|hg93gr|rg83176gn|ng314gl|lg17331gs|sg9gm|mg09eyjtdgocvawkiuxhrpnlbsmfⅤ.最后，將剩余的兩個(gè)字母，按照此方法排列，再將上述鍵盤(pán)中的字母進(jìn)行整理。如此，便設(shè)計(jì)出了新的手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)。注：規(guī)定兩個(gè)字母“α”與“β”相交為：分不統(tǒng)計(jì)兩字母組合“αβ”與“βα”，在材料中出現(xiàn)的頻數(shù)，并將這兩個(gè)頻數(shù)相加的過(guò)程。（5）手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)字母順序的最終設(shè)計(jì)依照以上步驟，運(yùn)用調(diào)整后的模型，手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)中，字母排列順序的最終設(shè)計(jì)如下。12eyj3hrp4iux5nlb6ocv7awkq8tdg9smfz*0#四、補(bǔ)充講明由于所使用的英語(yǔ)材料數(shù)量有限，同時(shí)材料所涉及到的范圍不足以包羅萬(wàn)象，這必定會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)的統(tǒng)計(jì)有一定的局限性。在整個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)的過(guò)程中，由于自身的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備，再加上所使用工具的局限性，這就更增加了設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中難度，難免有疏漏之處。況且，以上的許多種討論差不多上建立在理想化的基礎(chǔ)上，而在實(shí)際生活中，專(zhuān)門(mén)難實(shí)現(xiàn)那些理論上的，所謂的理想情況，因而在這方面，新手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)的設(shè)計(jì)，也存在著許多不足。【參考文獻(xiàn)】附錄中的英語(yǔ)資料均來(lái)自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。附錄：進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)用的資料所選英語(yǔ)材料1.GoodLuck！

2.Allthebest！

3.Haveagoodtrip!

4.Wishyouasuccess

5.Haveagoodday!

6.Ihopetoseeyousoon.

7.Congratulations!

8.Happybirthday!

9.Iwishyouthebestofhealth!

10.Longliveourfriendship!

II.Askingforandofferinghelp

11.Couldyouhelpme?

12.Wouldyoupleasedomeafavor?

13.Wouldyoupleasegivemeahand?

14.WhatcanIdoforyou?

15.Can（May）Ihelpyou?

16.Letmehelpyou.

17.It'sverykindofyou!

III.AskingtheWay

18.Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytothestation?

19.Straighton.

20.Godownthisstreet.Thenturnleft.

21.Turnrightatthesecondcrossing.

22.I'msorry.Ihavenoideawhereitis.

23.Thankyouallthesame.

24.Isitfarfromhere?

25.Yes.You'dbettertakeabus.

26.It'sabout1kilometerfromhere.

27.Excuseme,doestheBusNo.4stopattheChinaTradeCenter?

28.Howlongistheride?

29.Itwilltakeabout20/twentyminutes.

30.Thankyouverymuch.It'sapleasure.IV.Shopping

31.CanIhelpyou?

32.Yes,I'dliketobuyabook.

33.Ok.Hereyouare.

34.Howmuchisit?

35.Itisseventeenyuanandfiftycents.

36.MayIhelpyou?

37.Yes,Iwanttobuyashirt.

38.Whatcolor/size/styledoyouwant?

39.Ablue/red/green/yellow/white/blackone.

40.It'swonderful.Ilikeitverymuch.

41.Allright.I'lltakeit.

42.WherecanIpay?

43.Youcanpayatthecashieroverthere.

44.CanIusemycreditcard?

45.Sure.Goahead.

46.Here'syourchange/receipt.

47.Thanksforyourgoodservice.

48.Docomeagain,please.

49.Thankyou.You'rewelcome.

V.RestaurantEnglish

50.MayIhavealookatthemenu/winelist?

51.What'sthespecialtyofthisrestaurant?

52.Areyoureadytoorder?

53.I'dlikesomethingspicy.

54.Whatdoyourecommend?

55.Thesteaksoundsgoodtome.

56.I'mfull.Ican'teatanymore.

57.Bill,please.

58.Keepthechange.

VI.Time,DaysandMonths

59.Whattimeisit?

60.It's6∶00o'clock.

61.Excuseme,couldyoutellmethetime?

62.It'shalfpastten.

63.Excuseme,haveyougotthetime,please?

64.It'saquartertonine.

65.Whatdayisittoday?

66.It'sSunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday.

67.What'sthedatetoday?

68.TodayisAug.2nd.

69.Whatmonthisit?

70.It'sJanuary/Feburary/March/April/May/June/July/August/September

/October/November/December.

71.Whenwereyouborn?

72.Iwasbornin1949/nineteenforty-nine.

VII.EntertainingGuests

73.Hello!Howareyoudoing?

74.Hello!Welcometoourunit(home)!Sitdown,please.

75.Wouldyoulikeacigarette?

76.No.Thanks.

77.Wouldyouliketodrinksomething,coffee,teao2rcola?

78.Teaisfinewithme.Thankyou.

79.Helpyourselftosomefruits.

80.Give/Passmeacupoftea/aglassofwater,please!

81.Cheers!

82.Toourfriendship!

83.Thanksalot.

VIII.OtherExpressions

84.What'stheweatherliketoday?

85.It'sfinetoday.

86.Lovelyday,isn'tit?

87.Autumnisthebestseasonhere.

88.Whereareyoufrom?

89.I'mfromHongKong.

90.AreyouAmerican?

91.No,I'mChinese.

IX.SayingGoodbye

92.Whenareyouoff?

93.I'mflyingbackonSunday.

94.Goodbyethenandalltheverybest!

95.Pleasesayhellotoyourfamily.

96.Ihopeyou'llcomebacktoChinaagain!

97.I'lldothat.

98.Seeyouagaininthenearfuture.

99.Takecare.

100.Goodbye!(Seeyou！)1.Isee．

2.Iquit!

3.Letgo!

4.Metoo．

5.Mygod!!

6.Noway!

7.Comeon．

8.Holdon．

9.Iagree。

10.Notbad．

11.Notyet．

12.Seeyou．

13.Shutup!

14.Solong．

15.Whynot?

16.Allowme．

17.Bequiet!

18.Cheerup!

19.Goodjob!

20.Havefun!

21.Howmuch?

22.I'mfull．

23.I'mhome．

24.I'mlost．

25.Mytreat．

26.SodoI．

27.Thisway。

28.Afteryou．

29.Blessyou!

30.Followme．

31.Forgetit!

32.Goodluck!

33.Idecline!

34.Ipromise．

35.Ofcourse!

36.Slowdown!

37.Takecare!

38.Theyhurt．

39.Tryagain．

40.Watchout!

41.What'sup?

42.Becareful!

43.Bottomsup!

44.Don'tmove!

45.Guesswhat?

46.Idoubtit

47.Ithinkso．

48.I'msingle．

49.Keepitup!

50.Letmesee．

51.Nevermind．

52.Noproblem!

53.That'sall!

54.Timeisup．

55.What'snew?

56.Countmeon

57.Don'tworry．

58.Feelbetter?

59.Iloveyou!

60.I'mhisfan。

61.Isityours?

62.That'sneat．

63.Areyousure?

64.Dolhaveto

65.Heismyage．

66.Hereyouare．

67.Nooneknows.

68.Takeiteasy．

69.Whatapity!

70.Anythingelse?

71.Tobecareful!

72.Domeafavor?

73.Helpyourself．

74.I'monadiet．

75.KeepinTouch．

76.Timeismoney．

77.Who'scalling?

78.Youdidright．

79.Yousetmeup!

80.CanIhelpyou?

81.Enjoyyourself!

82.Excuseme，Sir．

83.Givemeahand!

84.How'sitgoing?

85.Ihavenoidea．

86.Ijustmadeit!

87.I'llseetoit

88.I'minahurry!

89.It'sherfield．

90.It'suptoyou．

91.Justwonderful!

92.Whataboutyou?

93.Youowemeone．

94.You'rewelcome．

95.Anydaywilldo．

96.Areyoukidding?

97.Congratulations!

98.Tcan'thelpit.

99.Idon'tmeanit.

100.I'llfixyouUp．

101.Itsoundsgreat!．

102.It'safineday。

103.Sofar，Sogood．

104.Whattimeisit?

105.Youcanmakeit!

106.Controlyourself!

107.Hecamebytrain．

108.Heisillinbed．

109.Helackscourage．

110.How'severything?

111.Ihavenochoice．

112.Ilikeice-cream．

113.Ilovethisgame．

114.I'lltrymybest．

115.I'mOnyourside．

116.Longtimenosee!

117.Nopain，nogain．

118.Well，itdepends

119.We'reallforit．

120.Whatagooddeal!

121.WhatshouldIdo?

122.Youaskedforit!

123.Youhavemyword．

124.Believeitornot!

125.Don'tcountonme．

126.Don'tfallforit!

127.Don'tletmedown．

128.Easycomeeasygo．

129.Ibegyourpardon．

130.Ibegyourpardon?

131.I'llbebacksoon．

132.I'llcheckitout．

133.It’salongstory．

134.It’sSundaytoday．

135.Justwaitandsee!

136.Makeupyourmind．

137.That'sallIneed．

138.Theviewisgreat．

139.Thewallhasears．

140.Therecomesabus．

141.Whatdayistoday?

142.Whatdoyouthink?

143.Whotoldyouthat?

144.Who'skickingoff?

145.Yes，IsupposeSo．

146.Youcan'tmissit

147.Anymessagesforme?

148.Don'tbesomodest．

149.Don'tgivemethat!

150.Heisasmartboy．

151.Heisjustachild．

152.Ican'tfollowyou．

153.Ifeltsortofill.

154.Ihaveagoodidea!

155.Itisgrowingcool．

156.Itseemsallright．

157.It'sgoingtoofar．

158.MayIuseyourpen?

159.Shehadabadcold．

160.That'sagoodidea．

161.Theansweriszero．

162.Whatdoesshelike?

163.Assoonaspossible!

164.Hecanhardlyspeak．

165.Healwaystalksbig．

166.Hewonanelection．

167.Iamafootballfan．

168.IfonlyIcouldfly．

169.I'llberightthere．

170.I'llseeyouatsix．

171.ISittrueorfalse?

172.Justreaditforme．

173.Knowledgeispower．

174.Moveoutofmyway!

175.Timeisrunningout．

176.Wearegoodfriends．

177.What'syourtrouble?

178.Youdidfairlywell!

179.Clothesmaketheman．

180.Didyoumissthebus?

181.Don'tloseyourhead。

182.Hecan'ttakeajoke．

183.Heowesmyuncle$100．

184.Howarethingsgoing?

185.Howareyourecently?

186.Iknowallaboutit．

187.Itreallytakestime．

188.It'sagainstthelaw．

189.Loveme，lovemydog．

190.Mymouthiswatering．

191.Speaklouder，please．

192.Thisboyhasnojob．

193.Thishouseismyown．

194.Whathappenedtoyou?

195.Youarejustintime.

196.Youneedtoworkout．

197.Yourhandfeelscold．

198.Don'tbesochildish.

199.Don'ttrusttochance!HelloFriend!

Hey,man,goodtoseeyou.

Goodtoseeyoutoo,Ithink.

Goodafternoon,sir.

Atease.

Goodevening,howareyou?

Hello,Randy.Ishegoingtobetakencareof?

Surething,boss.Allinaday'swork.

Hi,Joe!

Hello,Tom,what'shappening?

Morning,Alice.

Bye!Haveagoodday.

Bye!

Goodmorning,dear.

2.ThisHappyFeeling(1)

Internetisnumberone!

Wefinallymadeit.

Welldone!Bond,you'vedoneit!

Yay,aholeinone!

Ohwell,betterlucknexttime.

Steadywinstherace.

Chasethenicebone,doggie.

Tellme,isitaboy?

Comeon,honey.

Hesweptheroffherfeet.

Beautiful!

Hey,guy,we'rerich.

3.ThisHappyFeeling(2)

Whatskill!Whatluck!Whatfun!

Yousucker!

Youwantmetoshuthimup,guy?

Bestwishestoyouboth.

Hurray!

Ialwaysgetmyman.

Howdidyoudoit?

Congratulation!

Bottomsup!

Wedidit.

Thanksguys,youwonthegamesforus.

Ioweitalltoyou.

Goodwork.

Envy.

It'syourfault.

No,man.You'retheonewhoblewit.

4.I'mSoMadat...(1)

What'sgoesonhere?

Whatareyoudoingtalkingtomygirlfriend?

Uh-oh,herecomesmyboyfriend,he'sinsanelyjealous.Out,rat!

Hey,youbreakitup!

How!Afight!

Ouch!Thathurts.

Billy,getoffthedoggie'stail.

Painttheporch,fool,orelse.

Cutitout,mynameisFred,notFool!

Lovemakestheworldgoround.

5.I'msomadat...(2)

Here,havesomecoffeeonme.

I'llhavesomeonyouallright.

Ourleaderismoredeviousthanyourleader.

B.S.ourleaderinventedtheword?

Thepenismightierthanthesword.

Cad!Cur!Beast!

Omph!

Ahh!

Gee,don'tbemad,dear,redlooksgoodonyou.

Lookwhatyoudid,squirt!

Coolitman，I'msorry.

Auck,don'thitme!I'maninnocentbystander.

Snort!Ididn'tdoanythingwrong!

Out!

I'msorry,sir.Ididn'tmeanit.

Fool,youaddedthisbillupwrong!

SoImadeamistake,bigdeal!

6.I'mSoSad...(1)

Brokeagain.

Thatwasmylastone,too.

Sigh.Hedoesn'tevenknowI'malive.

TheonlyfeastingIdothesedaysisinmydream.

Ilosttwoteeth,mycontract,andthegame.

Sob,Ilost.

Hetrickedme.Ihatehim.

Johnnydoesn'tlikeme.

Iblewit.

I'mallwashedup.

Joewasreallyarat.

Shh!He'llhearyou.

7.I'mSoSad...(2)

Good-bye,cruelworld.

Iwishyouwouldn'tgothisway.

Sigh,I'msohungry.CanIhaveabite?

No!Yum,gorge,glut.

I'lldrownmysorrows.

Sob!Ididn'tmeantokillit.I'msorrybirdie.

Ooo!Ican'tlook.

Goodness,Idohopethisisn'taloudgun.Ihatenoise.

Willithurt?

I'llriphimapartwithmyhands.

8.AShyLittleKitten(1)

Thelittleboygrewredatthesightofthecutegirl.

Sheisafraidhe'llthinkherapig.

Don'tbeshy,dear.

I'mashamed.Icouldn'ttellyoumylove.

Theyfeeluneasy.

Behaveyourself,orI'llshot.

Theaudiencelaughs.

Heisembarrassedbecausehemadeamistake.

Sheblushesforhim.

Youshouldseemywifeinabikini...She'saknockout.

9.AShyLittleKitten(2)

Shelostherdignity.

Sheistimidandcompletelyatalosswhattodo.

Yak,yak,yak.

Itoldyou,mymomcouldbeatyourpop.

Ahh,shucks!

Heispinneddownbythedemonstrators.

Shefeltawkward.

Hewillbetooafraidtodoanything.

Niceguy!

Bully!

Havealittlewine,punk.

Thedrunkhumiliatesthegentleman.

Heisteasingafriend.

Hefeelsawkward.

Shelikesyoualot.

Icoulddie.

Losinghereyelashcausehertoblushforshame.

10.HowTerrible!

Oh,on!Aghost!

Mygoodness!Asnake!

Hiseyeswillpopoutinastonishment.

Frightenedtodeath.

Shookup.

I'velostmynerve.

Sheisscaredtodeath.

Howawful.

Heisshocked.

Shewillbeamazedwhenshewakesupfordinner.

OPPS!

Heissurprised.

Shecriedwithshock.

Shewassostunned,thatshecouldn'tspeak.

Thecrowdgaspedwithastonishment.

Hesurprisedthem,sotheygaveupquietly.

Theyjumpedattheunexpectednoise.

Shescreamedinastonishment.

Hewassostartledthatheyelled.

Heturnedwhitewithamazement.

Gotallinapanic.

11.IThink...(1)

Shelookslikemytype.

Heseemstobethemostmuscularguy.

IbelieveI'mthestrongest.

IknowI'llwin.

Let'sseewho'sright.

Ihaveconfidenceinmyself.

Isupposehe'scomingtous.

I'vealwaysrespectedhim.

Ineverexpectedhimtobesogreat.

Imustbethefirst.

Imaybethefirst.

Sheissupposedtobeoneofthebestsingers.

Iwonderifit'sarealdiamond.

Ithinkthisisafakediamond.

12.IThink...(2)

Ibethe'sthebest.

Noeverybodyputsthehighestvaluesonhim.

Ithinkhisfishisalittlebiggerthanmine.

Maybemineisthebigger.

Itisclearthatfishisbiggerthanothersandwinsthechampionship.

It'sgoingtocrash!Why?

Idon'tknow,sir,butIguessthecomputermadesomemistake.

Thisisyourlastchance.Ibelieveyoucanmakeit.

I'msureI'llbePresident.

Idoubthe'llwintheelection.

Ithinkhe'snogood.

I'mwillingtobethe'lllose.

Ithinkthat'stheguy-he'sakiller.

Mustbe.

I'mafraidthepollutionwillkillusall.

I'verealizedthatweshouldstopthepollution.

13.IGuess...

I'mafraidthecrashwasbecauseofyourfault.

Iguessyou'reright.ItseemsI'llbegrounded.

IhopeI'llgetabigpayraise.

Isupposeitmightbegold.

No,itcan'tbegold.

Iimagineitwaspartofadinosaur.

Thiswillbethebiggestfishever.

Guess!Ihopeyou'lllikeit.

Whatcanitbe?

IexpectedNo.2towin.

14.IAgree...

Womenhavethesamerightsasyou!

No!Womenshouldstayathome.

Dear,you'llbehomerightafterwork,won'tyou?

I'lltry,butImayhavetoworklate.

So,yousee...

Imaybewrong,butyourtheoryisallwrong,professor.

Pleasesign.

No,Idon'twantto.

Gentlemen!Can'tyouagreeonanything?

15.IPlan...

Ithoughthecoulddesignthemostbeautifuldepartmentstore,but...

Thedesignerisworkinghardonanewproject.

TheconcertwillbeheldSeptember14at10a.m.

AfterFlagstaff,we'llgotoSanDiego.

Toplanavacationtrip.

ThespacecraftisscheduledtoarriveatSaturnnextyear.

Ourplanisthebestandthesafest,yousee.

Whydon'tyouchangeyourroute?

TheU.S.willtakeoneroute,theJapantakeother.

Toplanamountainclimbingexpedition.

Now,let'sfindsomenewgirls.

Heisplanninghisfuturealready.

YouusethefrontdoorandI'llhittheback.

OK.Yourplansarealwayssuccessful.OK，

Thegangstersareplanningarobbery.

Ifhisplanworks,he'llearn100millionin10years.

changedmind

perishthethought

Learningisbetterthanhouseandland.

16.MayIAskYou...?

CouldIspeaktoyou,please?

Aren'tyoudressedtooformally?

Shefeelspityforhim.

Whathappened,guy?

Doyoulikefootball?

Sure.Areyouapro-golfer?

Didn'tyouorderthis?

Couldyoucarrymydoggieforme?

WhatcanIdo?

Whyareyouyelling?

Iwonderwhythey'reangry.

17.IsThat...?

Willshelikeit?

Iwonderwhathe'sdoing.

TellmewhereIcanpostthem.

Themailboxisoverthere.

Ithinkhe'sstillinbed.

Whatishedoingtoday?

Theyimagine,whatheisdoing.

Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?

Istheplaneleaving?

Whatisyourgirlfriend'sname?

CanItakemyvacation,sir?IwouldliketoseemymotherinMiami.

Jenny,doesshereallylivehere?

Couldyougivemesomecomments?

Don'tyouthinkshe'scute?

Iguessso,honey.

Howdootherracersfeel?

Who'sthesecond?

Yousawthatmovie,didn'tyou?Wasitinteresting?

Yes,butIdon'twantgodowntown.

Willourbabybeaboy?

Howmuchwillthehospitalbillbe?

Didn'tItellyouhe'ssamesizetome?

Wasn'thealittlebiggerthanyou?

Howwasit,sir?

Thedinnerwassuperb.Whocookedit?

18.CouldYou...?

Wouldyoupleaseputitontop?

Wedemandbetterpay.

Pleasebereasonable.

Dad,doyoumindifweusethisroom?

Willyoumarryme?

Wouldyoutakethemtomyroom?

Officer,givemeabreak.

I'vegotfourkidsathomeandnowife.

Wouldyoumeetme3:30?

19.DoIt,Now.

Ican'thelpit,sir.

You'vegotnoIDcard,boy!

ButI'llpay.Whynot?

You'rewaybehindschedule.

Getoutofthecar!You'redrunk.

Sorry,sir.Butit'sourgraduationday.

FlymetoCuba.Ihijacktheplane.

Givemetherocketandboat,andI'llgiveyouasucker.

Don'ttrusthim,he'slying.

Son!Don'tmakesuckanoisewhenyoueat.

Hi,thief!Wouldyoustopthatmusicforme?

Whoisit?Comedown.

Whocares!

Idon'tcarewhatyousay.

20.Oh,No,No...(1)

Oh,no!Nottoday,please!

No,Jack.Youmustgoon.

Hello!I'mfromABCInsurance.MayIspeaktoyou?

Nobody'sathome.

No.Can'tyouseethatrocketisalmostfallingdown.

Makelovenotwar!

No,No.Youcan'tdoitlikethat.

Youmustgotothemoon.It'syourduty.

Wewon'tgotowar.

Stopit,Apollo!

Idon'tlikeworkingonSunday.

Thisisourplayroad.

Wedon'tlikethemtopassthroughhere.1IfIamanOlympicVolunteer

I’mamiddleschoolstudent.IcanuseEnglishtocommunicatewithforeignguestsandforeignplayers.IwilltellthemChina’shistoryandculture.Forexample:TheGreatWall.IwillalsotellthemChina’ssomescientificachievements.Forexample:Chinesetrainprogresshistory.IcanhelpChineseplayerscleanthehouse.Letthemliveinthecleanhouse.Icanalsohelpthempicktheballs,bringthemtowels,andcleanclothes……

Inall,Iwilltrymybesttohelpthem.

2

Iamavolunteer

TheOlympicGameswillbeopenedupjustafteramonthin2008.Toadyisthevolunteerrecruitedday.Igotupearlierthanbefore,afterbreakfast,walkedtotheOlympicVillagefullofenthusiasm.

TheOlympicVillageisveryhilarious.Allofthepeopleareparticipatinginthevolunteerselectedtest.Thetestformmainlycarriesoninterviewwhichisdifferentfrommyschool’sfiveteachersmadeaterminwhichonepersonasksthequestionandotherfourpeoplerecordedsomethingonthepaper.

BecauseIhavemadeenoughpreparationthereforethequestionsofteacherhavenotbaffledmeatall.Fromexpressionofteacher,Icouldguestthatmyanswersweresatisfiedbythem.

Nosurprising,Ipassedthetest.Iwillbeavolunteerhonorable.

Iwassoexcitedthatcouldnotsleepthatevening.TheOlympicGamesopeningceremonyscenethatIhadseenbeforeflashedinmyheadcontinually,imagingthescenewhichIwasavolunteerin2008OlympicGamesinBeijing.

Iholdtheredgreenatour-guideflagwalkingalongtheWangfujingAvenue,theFrenchfootballteammemberwerewalkingbehindme.Look,QiDanei,myfavoritefootballstar.QiDaneikickedafootballintothesky,theballturnedintothemoonandhanginthesky,Iwassoexcitedandlshoutedloudly.

“Walkup!”Itismymother’ssound.Iopenedmyeyes.Oh,Ijusthadadream.Whatanicedream!TheGamesofthe29thOlympicin2008areawardedtothecityofBeijing."Withthemotto"NewBeijing,GreatOlympics",Beijingpromisestohosta"GreenOlympics",a"Hi-techOlympics"andthe"People'sOlympics".

ChinesepeoplealwaysappreciatethepurposesandprinciplesofOlympicideal,supporttheeffortsofOlympicGamestopromoteworldpeace.TheChineseGovernmentandpeoplearedoingourtheutmost/besttoprepareforthe2008OlympicGamesinBeijing,andshootingatthepageantwithadvocatingOlympicideal,sparkplugingworldpeaceandenhancingtherelationshipsamongtheworld.OlympicspiritaregonnaspreadagaininorientculturalancientChina.

ThegovernmentandpeopleofChinahavealwaysadmiredthepurposesandprinciplesoftheOlympicspiritandsupportedtheeffortsmadebytheOlympicsinpromotingworldpeace.TheChinesegovernmentandpeoplearedoingourutmostinpreparationforthe2008OlympicsinBeijing.ItisourhopetomakeitagrandgatheringthatwillcarryforwardtheOlympicspirit,promoteworldpeaceandenhancethefriendshipamongpeopleoftheworld,sothattheOlympicspiritwillflourishonceagain,thistimeinChina,anorientalcountrywithanancientcivilization.IHaveaDreambyMartinLutherKing,Jr.

Iamhappytojoinwithyoutodayinwhatwillgodowninhistoryasthegreatestdemonstrationforfreedominthehistoryofournation.

Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,inwhosesymbolicshadowwestandtoday,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.ThismomentousdecreecameasagreatbeaconlightofhopetomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.Itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightoftheircaptivity.

Butonehundredyearslater,theNegrostillisnotfree.Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.Onehundredyearslater,theNegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.Andsowe'vecomeheretodaytodramatizeashamefulcondition.

Inasensewe'vecometoournation'scapitaltocashacheck.WhenthearchitectsofourrepublicwrotethemagnificentwordsoftheConstitutionandtheDeclarationofIndependence,theyweresigningapromissorynotetowhicheveryAmericanwastofallheir.Thisnotewasapromisethatallmen,yes,blackmenaswellaswhitemen,wouldbeguaranteedthe"unalienableRights"of"Life,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness."ItisobvioustodaythatAmericahasdefaultedonthispromissorynote,insofarashercitizensofcolorareconcerned.Insteadofhonoringthissacredobligation,AmericahasgiventheNegropeopleabadcheck,acheckwhichhascomebackmarked"insufficientfunds."

Butwerefusetobelievethatthebankofjusticeisbankrupt.Werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthisnation.Andso,we'vecometocashthischeck,acheckthatwillgiveusupondemandtherichesoffreedomandthesecurityofjustice.

Weha