考研考博-英語-北京科技經(jīng)營管理學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京科技經(jīng)營管理學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Peoplewhoconsiderpaperbackpublishingarecentphenomenonoftendonotrealize（

）paperbound.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatthedimenovelsofthe1860swere

B.thatthedimenovelswereofthe1860s

C.thereweredimenovelsofthe1860swhich

D.thatthedimenovelsofthe1860swhichwere

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)動詞realize和選項(xiàng)，可知空格中應(yīng)填入賓語從句。因?yàn)閠here不能充當(dāng)賓語引導(dǎo)詞，選項(xiàng)C可排除。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的賓語從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知賓語從句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語為thedimenovelsofthe1860s，werepaperbound為謂語部分。句意：認(rèn)為平裝本出版是最近的一種事物的人往往沒有意識到19世紀(jì)60年代的廉價小說就是平裝書。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Honestynolongerseemstobethebestpolicywithtellingofliesbecomingacommonpartofourdailylives.Anewresearchbyapsychologisthasrevealedthatmostpeoplelieineverydayconversationwhentheyaretryingtoappearlikableandcompetent.

（1）“Peopletellaconsiderablenumberofliesineverydayconversation.Itwasaverysurprisingresult.Wedidn’texpectlyingtobesuchapartofdailyconversation,”saidRobertFeldman.

Thestudyalsofoundthatliestoldbymenandwomendifferincontent,thoughnotinquantity.（2）“Womenweremorelikelytolietomakethepersontheyweretalkingtofeelgood,whilemenliedmostoftentomakethemselveslookbetter,”Feldmannoted.

Aspartofthestudy,agroupof121pairsofundergraduatestudentswererecruitedtoparticipate.（3）Participantswereunawarethatthesessionwasbeingvideotaped.Attheendofthesession,thestudentswerethenaskedtowatchthevideoofthemandidentifyanyinaccuraciesinwhattheyhadsaidduringtheconversation.Theywereencouragedtoidentifyalllies,nomatterhowbigorsmall.

Feldmansaidthestudentswhoparticipatedinthestudyweresurprisedattheirownresults.“Whentheywerewatchingthemselvesonvideotape,peoplefoundthemselveslyingmuchmorethantheythoughttheyhad,”Feldmansaid.Theliesthestudentstoldvariedconsiderably.（4）Othersweremoreextreme,suchasfalselyclaimingtobethestarofarockband.

“It’ssoeasytolie,”Feldmansaid.“Weteachourchildrentobehonest,butwealsotellthemit’spolitetopretendtheylikeabirthdaygiftthey’vebeengiven.（5）.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)上文提到的研究以及第三段首句“Thestudyalsofoundthat...”可推測,填空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該也是描述這項(xiàng)研究的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)。所以選項(xiàng)F正確。

2.根據(jù)上句,研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),男性和女性說謊的內(nèi)容不同,但數(shù)量沒什么不同。而填空處下文描述的是男性和女性撒謊的不同方式。結(jié)合上下文,選項(xiàng)A能起到連接上下文的作用,所以正確。

3.上句提到,作為研究的一部分,研究人員招募了121對本科生參與其中。下文也都是和研究相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,而剩下的選項(xiàng)中和研究相關(guān)的只有選項(xiàng)D。

4.根據(jù)下文的“Othersweremoreextreme,...”可推測,這里是研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,所以前面應(yīng)該是“Somewere...”,選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

5.根據(jù)上文,我們教孩子們要誠實(shí),但我們也告訴他們,假裝他們喜歡別人送給他們的生日禮物是有禮貌的。由此可知,孩子們得到的關(guān)于說謊的實(shí)際方面的信息非常復(fù)雜,這對他們成年后的行為是有影響的。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文語境。

3.單選題

Scientistsspeculatethat（）populationgrowthanddwindlingresourcesmayforcehumanbeingstolooktotheseaforfood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unavoidable

B.unexpected

C.unrestrained

D.uncommon

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。unavoidable不可避免的；unexpected意外的，意想不到的；unrestrained無限制的；uncommon不常見的。由后面的結(jié)果“人類將轉(zhuǎn)到海洋去尋求食物”可推知原因是無限制的人口增長以及資源的不斷減少。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：科學(xué)家預(yù)測無限制的人口增長以及不斷減少的自然資源將迫使人類往海洋尋求食物。

4.單選題

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservationthatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,ontheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction:Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethicalpatternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecyclesofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.

1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat（

）.

2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is

（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)?

4.Theword“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B.itisinfluencedbysociety

C.ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B.toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C.Victimsofviolencefinditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D.Punishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.loyalty

B.objective

C.survival

D.motive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B.Intimesofwargovernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.

C.Intimesofwargovernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.（人類暴力的許多表現(xiàn)形式總是受到社會習(xí)俗的制約，這些社會習(xí)俗形成了侵略性的行為）可知B選項(xiàng)“它受社會的影響”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.（社會中的暴力行為是通過法律制度來控制的）可知A選項(xiàng)“控制社會中的暴力”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段中的Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment（社會承擔(dān)起保護(hù)個人免受暴力侵害的責(zé)任，不能保護(hù)的，由社會負(fù)責(zé)處罰）是對前面句子Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused（但在法律制度中，復(fù)仇的責(zé)任變得非個性化和普及）進(jìn)行解釋，因此D選項(xiàng)“懲罰不是由有關(guān)個人直接執(zhí)行的”符合題意。

4.詞義題。A選項(xiàng)loyalty“忠誠”；B選項(xiàng)objective“目標(biāo)”；C選項(xiàng)survival“幸存”；D選項(xiàng)motive“動機(jī)”。由文章第三段中的itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice（這是國家對它的子民提出的承諾、allegiance和至高無上的犧牲最強(qiáng)有力命令的時刻）可知recommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice為并列的名詞詞語，allegiance的感情色彩要與承諾、犧牲的感情色彩一致，結(jié)合四個選項(xiàng)的意思以及句意可知A選項(xiàng)最為恰當(dāng)。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.（戰(zhàn)爭不僅僅是通過戰(zhàn)斗來解決國家間爭端的審判；這是國家對它的子民提出的承諾、忠誠和至高無上的犧牲最強(qiáng)有力命令的時刻）可知D選項(xiàng)“在戰(zhàn)爭時期，政府可以為了國家的利益犧牲個人”符合題意。

5.單選題

Intheprofessionswherewomen（）numerically,itwouldbereasonabletoexpectthemtoholdseniorpositions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tolerate

B.integrate

C.predominate

D.accumulate

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使...完整；predominate支配，主導(dǎo)，在...中占優(yōu)勢；accumulate累積，積聚。句意：在婦女?dāng)?shù)量上占優(yōu)勢的職位中，期望她們擔(dān)任高級職位也是合情合理的。所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Althoughthereareplansto（

）additionalpensions,thiswillnotaffectanyoneretiringbefore1998andwillonlymarginallyaffectthoseretiringby2009.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.scaledown

C.boildown

D.narrowdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。breakdown“故障，分解”；scaledown“縮減”；boildown“歸結(jié)”；narrowdown“縮小范圍”。句意：盡管有計(jì)劃縮減額外退休金數(shù)額。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Themenwerefullof（）becausetheythoughttheirfriendshadbeenunjustlypunished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diagnosis

B.indigestion

C.indignation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這些人非常憤怒，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為他們的朋友受到了不公正的懲罰。

考查名詞辨析。diagnosis診斷，結(jié)論；indigestion消化不良，難理解；indignation憤怒，憤慨;aggression侵略。故C符合句意。

8.單選題

CNBC,thecablebusinessnetwork,andtheNewYorkTimeshavejoinedforcestocreateanallianceagainstacommon_______:RupertMurdoch'sNewsCorp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.void

B.foe

C.cockpit

D.gist

【答案】B

【解析】void空間,空虛;foe反對者,敵人,對手;cockpit駕駛員座艙,戰(zhàn)場;gist主旨,要點(diǎn)。句意：有線商業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)CNBC（消費(fèi)者新聞與商業(yè)頻道）和《紐約時報》聯(lián)手創(chuàng)建了一個聯(lián)盟來對抗共同的競爭對手:RupertMurdoch的新聞集團(tuán)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

9.單選題

Amarketiscommonlythoughtofasaplacewherecommoditiesareboughtandsold.ThusfruitandvegetablesaresoldwholesaleatCoventGardenMarketandmeatissoldwholesaleatSmithfieldMarket.Buttherearemarketsforthingsotherthancommodities,intheusualsense.Thereare（1）estatemarkets,foreignexchangemarkets,andsoon;theremaybeamarketforanythingwhichhasaprice.Andtheremaybenoparticularplacetowhichdealingsareconfined.Buyersandsellersmaybe（2）overthewholeworldandinsteadofactuallymeetingtogetherinamarket-placeandtheymaydealwithoneanotherbytelephone,telegram,cableorletter.（3）dealingsarerestrictedtoaparticularplace,thedealersmayconsistwhollyorinpartofagents（4）instructionsfromclientsfaraway.ThusagentsbuymeatatSmithfieldonbehalfofretailbutchersalloverEngland;and（5）ontheLondonStockExchangebuyandsellsafetiesoninstructionsfromclientsallovertheworld.Wemusttherefore（6）amarketasanyareaoverwhichbuyersandsellersareinsuchclosetouchwithoneanother,eitherdirectlyorthrough（7）,thatthepricesobtainableinonepartofthemarketaffectthepricespaidinotherparts.

Modern（8）ofcommunicationaresorapidthatabuyercandiscoverwhatpriceasellerisasking,andcanacceptitifhewishes,althoughhemaybethousandsofmilesaway.Thusthemarketforanythingis,（9）,thewholeworld.Butinfactthingshave,normally,onlyalocalornationalmarket.

Thismaybebecausenearlythewholedemandisconcentratedinonelocality.Thesespeciallocaldemands,（10）,areofquiteminorimportance.Themainreasonwhymanythingshavenotaworldmarketisthattheyarecostlyordifficulttotransport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.true

B.genuine

C.real

D.actual

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.separated

C.spread

D.dispelled

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Though

B.Unless

C.When

D.Evenif

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.actingfor

B.actingout

C.actingon

D.actingup

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.brokers

B.breakers

C.bribers

D.braziers

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.deduce

B.define

C.determine

D.decide

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.producers

B.managers

C.dealers

D.customers

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.method

C.approach

D.means

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.definitely

B.potentially

C.incidentally

D.readily

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.furthermore

B.however

C.therefore

D.then

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

【解析】1.考查詞組搭配。realestate是房地產(chǎn)的意思，true，genuine，actual均不能和estate連用。句意：有房地產(chǎn)市場、外匯市場等等。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查近義詞辨析。四個選項(xiàng)都有“分開、分散”的意思，A選項(xiàng)scattered指散布在各處，和over連用；B選項(xiàng)separated指把兩個人或物分開，著重從原屬一個整體中移出一部分或把兩者隔開；C選項(xiàng)spread指一直延伸、蔓延，側(cè)重遍及；D選項(xiàng)dispelled指驅(qū)散，驅(qū)逐。句意：買方和賣方可能分散在世界各地。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Though“盡管”；B選項(xiàng)Unless“除非”；C選項(xiàng)When“當(dāng)……的時候”；D選項(xiàng)Evenif“即使”。句意：即使交易被限制在一個特定的地方。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查動詞搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)actingfor“代理”；B選項(xiàng)actingout“付諸行動”；C選項(xiàng)actingon“按照……行事”；D選項(xiàng)actingup“出毛病”。句意：按照指示行事。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)brokers“經(jīng)紀(jì)人，中間人”；B選項(xiàng)breakers“打破者”；C選項(xiàng)bribers“行賄者”；D選項(xiàng)braziers“銅匠”。句意：倫敦證券交易所的經(jīng)紀(jì)人。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deduce“推斷”；B選項(xiàng)define“定義”；C選項(xiàng)determine“下決心”；D選項(xiàng)decide“決定”。句意：定義市場。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)producers“生產(chǎn)者”；B選項(xiàng)managers“經(jīng)理”；C選項(xiàng)dealers“經(jīng)銷商”；D選項(xiàng)customers“顧客”。句意：通過經(jīng)銷商相互密切接觸。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查近義詞辨析。四個選項(xiàng)都有“方法”的意思，A選項(xiàng)way可指一般的方法，有時也指個人的方法或方式；B選項(xiàng)method指有系統(tǒng)、有條理地辦事或解決問題的方法；C選項(xiàng)approach指從事某事的特別方法、途徑；D選項(xiàng)means指為達(dá)到某種目的或目標(biāo)而采用的方法、手段或途徑。句意：現(xiàn)代通訊手段。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)definitely“肯定地”；B選項(xiàng)potentially“可能地”；C選項(xiàng)incidentally“偶然地”；D選項(xiàng)readily“容易地”。句意：是任何東西的市場都有可能是整個世界。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)furthermore“此外”；B選項(xiàng)however“然而”；C選項(xiàng)therefore“因此”；D選項(xiàng)then“那么”。句意：然而這些特殊的局部需求并不重要。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Foryearsthegirlhadharboredher（）againstherstepmother.Today,shefinallygotthecouragetospeakitout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resentment

B.rivalry

C.compulsion

D.concession

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。resentment怨恨，憤恨；rivalry競爭，對抗；compulsion強(qiáng)制，強(qiáng)迫；concession讓步。句意：多年來，這個女孩一直對她的繼母心懷怨恨。今天，她終于鼓起勇氣說了出來。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

Kuwaitisfamousforits______resources.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fame

B.jaw

C.petroleum

D.jar

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fame“名聲，聲譽(yù)”；B選項(xiàng)jaw“下頜”；C選項(xiàng)petroleum“石油”；D選項(xiàng)jar“（玻璃）罐子；壇子”。句意：科威特以其______資源而聞名。根據(jù)語境，這里要表達(dá)的是科威特因?yàn)閾碛心硞€資源而出名，C選項(xiàng)petroleum“石油”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthe（）government’spolicies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economical

B.economy

C.economic

D.economics

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:economical“節(jié)儉的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的；經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的”；B:economy“經(jīng)濟(jì)；節(jié)約”；C:economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的”；D:economics“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”。句意：盡管史密斯博士不是一個經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，但是長期以來，對政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的政策來說，他是一個嚴(yán)厲的評論家。根據(jù)語境和句意可知C為正確答案。

13.單選題

Thefirstmistakeistothinkofmankindasathinginitself.Itisn’t.Itispartofanintricateweboflife.Andwecan’tthinkevenoflifeasathinginitself.Itisn’t.ItispartoftheintricatestructureofaplanetbathedbyenergyfromtheSun.

TheEarth,inthenearly5billionyearssinceitassumedapproximatelyitspresentform,hasundergoneavastevolution.Whenitfirstcameintobeing,itverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallanoceanandanatmosphere.Thesewereformedbythegradualoutwardmovementofmaterialasthesolidinteriorsettledtogether.

Norwereocean,atmosphere,andsolidcrustindependentofeachotherafterformation.Thereisinteractionalways:evaporation,condensation,solution,weathering.Farwithinthesolidcrustthereareslow,continuingchanges,too,ofwhichhotsprings,volcanoes,andearth-quakesarethemorenoticeablemanifestationshereonthesurface.

Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbytheenergeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“l(fā)ife”.Lifeformshavebecomemorecomplexandmorevariouseversince.

ButthelifeformsareasmuchpartofthestructureoftheEarthasanyinanimateportionis.Itisallaninseparablepartofawhole.Ifanyanimalisisolatedtotallyfromotherformsoflife,thendeathbystarvationwillsurelyfollow.Ifisolatedfromwater,deathbyasphyxiationwillfollowstillfaster.IfisolatedfromtheSun,animalswillsurviveforatime,butplantswoulddie,andifallplantsdied,allanimalwouldstarve.

Itworksinreverse,too,fortheinanimateportionofEarthisshapedandmoldedbylife.Thenatureoftheatmospherehasbeenchangedbyplantactivity(whichaddstotheairthefreeoxygenitcouldnototherwiseretain).Thesoilisturnedbyearthworms,whileenormousoceanreefsareformedbycoral.

Theentireplanet,plussolarenergy,isoneenormousintricatelyinterrelatedsystem.Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyoflivingportions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).

Infact,wecanpursuetheanalogy.Amanisof50trillioncellsofavarietyoftypes,allinterrelatedandinterdependent.Lossofsomeofthosecells,suchasthosemakingupanentire,willseriouslyhandicapalltherestoftheorganism:seriousdamagetoarelativelyfewcellsinanorgan,suchastheheartorkidneys,mayendbykillingall50trillion.

Inthesameway,onplanetaryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynotthreatenEarth’slifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.Aseriousdeclineinthebeepopulationwillaffectthenumbersofthoseplantsthatdependonbeesforfertilization,thenthenumbersofthoseanimalsthatdependonthoseparticularbee-fertilizedplants,andsoon.

Orconsidercellgrowth.Cellsinthoseorgansthatsufferconstantwearandtear—asintheskinorintheintestinallining—growandmultiplyalllifelong.Othercells,notsoexposed,asinnerveandmuscle,donotmultiplyatallintheadult,underanycircumstances.Stillotherorgans,ordinarilyquiescent,asliverandbone,standreadytogrowifthatisnecessarytoreplacedamage.Whentheproperrepairsaremade,growthstops.

Inamuchlooserandmoreflexibleway,thesameistrueofdie“planetorganism”(whichwestudyinthesciencecalledecology).Ifcougarsgrowtoonumerous,thedeertheyliveonaredecimated,andsomeofthecougarsdieofstarvation,sothattheir“propernumber”isrestored.Iftoomanycougarsdie,thendeermultiplywithparticularrapidity,andcougarsmultiplyquicklyinturn,tilltheadditionalpredatorsbringdownthenumberofdeeragain.Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,andbotharethebetterforit.

Theneateconomyofgrowthwithinanorganismsuchasahumanbeingissometimes—forwhatreason,weknownot—disrupted,andagroupofcellsbeginsgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisthedreaddiseaseofcancer,andunlessthatgrowinggroupofcellsissomehowstopped,thewildgrowthwillthrowallthebodystructureoutoftrueandendbykillingtheorganismitself.

Inecology,thesamewouldhappeningif,forsomereason,oneparticulartypeoforganismbegantomultiplywithoutlimit,killingitscompetitorsandincreasingitsownfoodsupplyattheexpenseofthatofothers.That,too,couldendinthedestructionofthelargersystem—mostoralloflifeandevenofcertainaspectsoftheinanimateenvironment.

Andthisisexactlywhatishappeningatthismoment.Forthousandsofyears,thesinglespeciesHomosapiens,towhichyouandIhavethedubioushonorofbelonging,hasbeenincreasinginnumbers.Inthepastcoupleofcenturies,therateofincreasehasitselfincreasedexplosively./r