考研考博-英語-北方工業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北方工業(yè)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Someplantsare（）todiseaseandmustbetakengoodcareofforthewholegrowingperiod.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantastic

B.subordinate

C.susceptible

D.imperative

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。fantastic極好的；subordinate從屬的，次要的；susceptible易受……影響的；imperative緊急的；必要的。句意：有些植物易受病害的影響，必須在整個生長過程中得到很好的照顧。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“Beautiful.”Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinthemarketplace.Ifelttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn’t,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstothefloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.

1.Accordingtothewriter,thewomaninthemarketplace.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

3.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（

）.

4.Whenthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（

）

.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refusedtospeaktoher

B.waspleasantandattractive

C.wassellingskirtsandribbons

D.recognizeherimmediately

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thewriterwasusedtobargaining.

B.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

C.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

D.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable.

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney.

C.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore.

D.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic.

B.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely.

C.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

D.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

C.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

D.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“shemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.就像我通常見到的老撾女子一樣，她走起路來悠閑而又可愛”，可知選項(xiàng)B“很討人喜歡和有吸引力”符合題意，因此B正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段“Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.我決定買下其中一條裙子，而且我開始和她討價還價。在亞洲買東西討價還價是習(xí)慣。在老撾，討價還價是以一種輕聲細(xì)語，十分平靜的形式不緊不慢地進(jìn)行的”。由此可知A選項(xiàng)是沒有提及的，故答案選A。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段第二句“ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.她對我能夠用老撾語和她說上幾句話感到很開心，盡管這些話全是數(shù)字，她看得出我懂得討價還價之間的小玩笑”和第四句“shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.她很開心，所以她意外的接受我最后的定價”，可知選項(xiàng)D為最佳答案。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第八段“Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.我學(xué)會了如何保護(hù)自己不受困難的影響；不知不覺中，我也學(xué)會了如何保護(hù)自己抵制軟弱和隨和?！庇纱丝芍_答案選D。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第十段“Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asif...沒有什么可以抵御慷慨，而這一次我哭了，非常傷心……”文章第九段說作者從市場回來，再次檢查買回來的裙子，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面夾雜五條扎頭發(fā)的絲綢帶，比自己買的多了兩根。她被這種情緒感動了。故選項(xiàng)D為最符合語境的答案。

3.單選題

Suchanincidentfitsintothelargerpatternofcalculatedindoctrination.Heemphasizedsincerityandloyaltyasthecardinalvirtuesandtriedtosoftensomeofthe（）edgesofLi’spersonality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smooth

B.rough

C.even

D.uneven

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)smooth“光滑的”；B選項(xiàng)rough“艱苦的，粗糙的；粗野的；猛烈的；充斥暴力的；危險的”；C選項(xiàng)even“平坦的”；D選項(xiàng)uneven“不平衡的，不公正的，不正直的”。由題干soften“使溫和；使緩和；使變?nèi)彳洝笨芍鞘估钚愿裰写忠暗模ɑ蛘哒f危險的）棱角。句意：這樣的事件符合更大的有計(jì)劃的灌輸模式。他強(qiáng)調(diào)真誠和忠誠是李的基本美德，并試圖撫平他性格中的一些……棱角。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein（）proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diverse

B.inverse

C.reverse

D.averse

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”，本句意為“這份報紙的發(fā)行量似乎與它所包含的新聞量成反比”，這句話想要表達(dá)的是報紙發(fā)行量太少，inreverse表達(dá)“相反”的意思使得句子邏輯成立。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.單選題

Appliedresearch,_______tosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formulated

B.undertaken

C.attained

D.accomplished

【答案】B

【解析】formulated按配方制造;undertaken從事,保證;attained獲得;accomplished完成。句意：采用應(yīng)用研究來解決實(shí)際問題具有直接的吸引力,因?yàn)樗慕Y(jié)果是可以看到和享受的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意,

6.翻譯題

Formanytraditionalistsinbusinessandeconomics,thedeathofold-stylecompetitionasthenumber-oneroutetosuccesswillhardtoswallow.Butinthenewview,Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalueinlongerterm.(1)Themoreimportantchallengesistocreateopportunitiesandadapttochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimesbecooperatorssometimescompetitors.

Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochangetheirbusinessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics.(2)InplaceofclassictheoryofdecreasingreturnsasresourcesandmarketsareexploitedeconomistArthurseeswhathecallsincreasingreturns.“Increasingreturnsarethetendencyforwhatisaheadtogetfartherahead,”hesays.“ifaproductoracompanyoratechnology—oneofmanycompetinginamarket-getsaheadbychanceorcleverstrategy,increasingreturnscanmagnifythis,andtheproductorcompanycanmakeakillingfromaproductthatisnotasgoodasitscompetitors.”

(3)Ifbusinesssystemsandecosystemshavesomethingbasicincommonthereisworryingnewsforbosses.Thefirstruleofcomplexsystemsisthatitisalmostimpossibletopredictwhoisafriendandwhoisanenemy,”saysPimm.Hedescribesfieldexperimentsinwhichapredatorisremovedfromacommunity.Youmightexpectitsprey,speciesA,tothrive.(4)ButabouthalfthetimespeciesAsuffersbecausethepredatorhasanotherpreyspeciesB,competingwithspeciesA.WiththepopulationofspeciesBnolongerkeptincheckbypredator,itmayevenpushspeciesAtolocalextinction.

Businessecosystemsfaceproblemofdecidingwhoisafriendandwhoisanenemy.Andthebadnewsdoesn’tstophere.“Wheneverythingisconnecteddirectlyorindirectlytoeverythingelse,changesinonepartofthesystemmaybepropagatedthroughout,”saysPimm.(60)“Sometimesspeciesmaygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown.”

【答案】1.在復(fù)雜的企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，企業(yè)之間有時合作有時競爭，更重要的挑戰(zhàn)是創(chuàng)造機(jī)會并適應(yīng)變化。

2.隨著資源和市場的開發(fā)，傳統(tǒng)的收益遞減理論被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家亞瑟提出的收益遞增理論取代。

3.如果商業(yè)系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有一些基本的共同點(diǎn)，那么老板們就會擔(dān)憂。

4.但物種A總是遭殃，因?yàn)椴妒痴哂辛硪粋€獵物物種B，而物種B與物種A競爭。

5.有時，盡管不是自身的錯，物種也可能會滅絕。

7.單選題

Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthe（）thisyear.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.request

B.claim

C.requirement

D.demand

【答案】D

【解析】句意：今年的蘋果供不應(yīng)求。supply供給對應(yīng)demand需求。選項(xiàng)D更符合。

8.單選題

Apainstakingprocessofreinventingledtonewcorecoursesdesignedtohelpstudentsdevelopglobalawarenessandstrengthentheiranalyticalandreasoningabilities,criticalreadingskills,andwriting（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profession

B.performance

C.proficiency

D.progress

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。profession“職業(yè)，專業(yè)”；performance“性能，績效”；proficiency“精通，熟練”；progress“進(jìn)步，發(fā)展”。句意：一個艱苦的改造過程帶來了新的核心課程，旨在幫助學(xué)生發(fā)展全球意識，提升他們的分析和推理能力，提高批判性閱讀和寫作的熟練程度。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors7namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.

Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment（OECD.hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

1.Theauthormainlytalksabout（）inParagraph1.

2.TheOECDreport（）.

3.Onlinepublicationissignificantbecause（）

4.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting

B.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers

C.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication

D.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.criticizesgovernment-fundedresearch

B.upsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers

C.benefitsscientificresearchconsiderably

D.introducesaneffectivemeansofpublication

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers

B.itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults

C.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch

D.itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.coverthecostofitspublication.

B.subscribetothejournalpublishingit.

C.allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.

D.completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.

B.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.

C.TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.

D.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段主要講述了期刊出版的過程，即收稿、審稿、出版或棄用、版權(quán)和引用收費(fèi)等步驟。C和D看似都符合。仔細(xì)閱讀全文可知，文章先講述了期刊出版以前是怎樣的，后來又是怎樣的，由Itusedtobesostraightforward.可知第一段主要講述的是過去期刊是出版的過程，C選項(xiàng)中“traditional”強(qiáng)調(diào)了過去。因此D項(xiàng)更符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第二段“Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.份報告是由澳大利亞維多利亞大學(xué)的約翰?霍頓和經(jīng)合組織的格雷厄姆?維克里共同撰寫的，對于那些迄今為止已經(jīng)獲得可觀利潤的出版商來說，這份報告讀起來很沉重?！睋?jù)此可知該報告讓盈利的出版商心情沉重。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)——以及來自資助機(jī)構(gòu)的壓力——正使獲取科學(xué)成果成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。資助機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)疑，為什么商業(yè)出版商通過限制對科研的訪問，從政府資助的研究中賺錢?？芍ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)使網(wǎng)上發(fā)表論文成為可能，同時網(wǎng)上發(fā)表論文使人們更易獲得科學(xué)成果。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.有一種開放獲取的出版方式，通常要求作者（或其雇主）為發(fā)表的論文付費(fèi)。”據(jù)此可知作者要為論文付費(fèi)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。整篇文章都是在以客觀的角度來介紹新的出版方式，并沒有表明作者觀點(diǎn)，故A項(xiàng)“作者歡迎新的出版方式”不對；B項(xiàng)“在線服務(wù)使出版變得更容易。”從理論上這觀點(diǎn)是正確的，但是文中未提及，也不是本文主題。C項(xiàng)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)對出版構(gòu)成威脅”文中沒提及。D項(xiàng)“一種新的出版方式正在出現(xiàn)”為本文主題，故D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Alandscapearchitectmustbefamiliarwithmathematics,science,engineering,art,andtechnology.Hemustalsobe（）atdealingwithpoliticians,publicinterestgroupsandgovernmentagencies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.reluctant

C.adapt

D.adept

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。beenthusiasticabout“熱衷于”；bereluctantto“不情愿”；adapt“使適應(yīng)，改編”；adept“熟練的，擅長”。句意：景觀設(shè)計(jì)師必須熟悉數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、工程、藝術(shù)和技術(shù)。他還必須擅長應(yīng)付政治家、公共利益團(tuán)體和政府機(jī)關(guān)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

11.單選題

Themarketfordustmasksandairpurifiersis（

）inBeijingbecausethecapitalhasbeenshroudedforseveraldaysinthickfogandhaze.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.booming

B.looming

C.dooming

D.zooming

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。booming“興旺的，繁榮的”；looming“隱隱約約的，正在逼近的”；dooming“命中注定，宣判”；zooming“急速上升的”。句意：北京的口罩和空氣凈化器市場正在迅速發(fā)展，因?yàn)槭锥家呀?jīng)連續(xù)幾天籠罩在濃霧之中。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“根據(jù)1989年首次提出的“衛(wèi)生假說”，兒童在早期的生活中接觸各種細(xì)菌、病毒和寄生蟲，有助于兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)做好準(zhǔn)備，就像感官體驗(yàn)對大腦進(jìn)行編程一樣?！庇纱丝赏茢啵@個“衛(wèi)生假說”證明了免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要性，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.許多微生物在數(shù)百萬年的時間里與人類共生進(jìn)化，這就是所謂的“老朋友”理論。但是，在它們被根除的地方，人類發(fā)展的一個關(guān)鍵部分就被拋棄了?！边x項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.判斷推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘過敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各種傳染病地理分布的一個鏡像。’一份由法國研究人員撰寫的關(guān)于衛(wèi)生假說的報告稱。”鏡像與原像是相反的，這里是說他們的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“MichaelBell”定位到倒數(shù)第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人們應(yīng)該要注意傷口的護(hù)理，因?yàn)榧?xì)菌一旦進(jìn)入血液就會引發(fā)問題，他還提倡勤洗手?！边x項(xiàng)A符合原文；選項(xiàng)B和D不符合原文描述；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,...孩子們在泥土里玩耍沒有什么錯，他們不必生活在完全衛(wèi)生的環(huán)境中...”所以選項(xiàng)C“父母不必?fù)?dān)心孩子在泥土里玩耍”符合原文。

13.單選題

（）mancannowcreateradioactiveelements,thereisnothinghecandotoreducetheirradioactivity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.Whether

C.While

D.Nowthat

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然人類現(xiàn)在可以制造出放射性元素，但無法降低這些元素的放射性。

考查連詞辨析。前半句句意為:人類現(xiàn)在可以制造出放射性元素，后半句句意為:無法降低這些元素的放射性。由此可見，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折對比的關(guān)系，因此C項(xiàng)“雖然，盡管”正確。

14.單選題

AWorldWithoutBooksOrMusic

Ifbookshadneverbeendiscovered,manwouldhavefoundsomeotherwayofrecordinghiscommunication.Butthen,forourconsideration,weshouldincludeasbookseverythingthatisawrittenrecord.Thiswouldincludetablets,papyrusandanythingelse一includingcomputerdiskettes.Inthecaseofmusic,itwouldbeimpossibletothinkthatmancanlivewithoutit.Lookingatprimitivecultures,itappearsthatmusicisactuallyapartofthehumanpsyche.Whentwothingsareknockedtogether,musicisproduced.Soforthesakeofourdiscussion,itisintendedtorestrictthemeaningofmusictothepopularlyacceptedconcept.Musicisthepleasingcombinationofsoundsthatweliketolistento.

Thoughitisdifficultto,wecanpretendthatthesethingsneverexisted.Inthiscasewewouldnotmissthemtoday.Tocomparewithrecentinventions,letuslookatradioandtelevision.Thoughwecannotthinkoflifewithoutthemtoday,thisissoonlyfromcomparativelyrecenttimes.Therearemanyofuslivingtodaywhohadseenatimewhentherewasnotelevision.Theywilltellusthatlifewasnotthatmuchdifferent.Thesameisprobablytrueofradio.Butbooksareadifferentthingbecausethey,orsomethingakintothem,beganthousandsofyearsago.Inthecaseofmusic,itgoesbackevenfurther—perhapstomillionsofyears.Wemaybeabletoimagineaworldwhichneversawbooks,becausebooksareahumaninvention.However,inthecaseofmusicthisdoesnotseempossible.Pleasingsoundsareallaroundus;likethesingingofthebirdsandthewhistlingofthewind.Musicjustseemstobeinborninusandintheworldaroundus.

Ifbooksdidnotexist,theworldwillbeapoorerplaceindeed.GreatphilosophieslikePlato'swouldbecomeunknownandallthepleasuresandlessonswecouldgetfromthemwillbelostforever.ThenthereisliteratureliketheworksofthegreatmasterslikeShakespeare,DickensandJaneAusten.Whatasombre,miserableworlditwillbewithoutthepleasuresofreading.Sincetherearesomanyotherthingswhichdependonreading-likeplays,songsandmovies―wecanexpectthemtodisappearalso.Itwouldbeadarkandunsatisfyingwor