考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

ThesimplewoodenhousesitsinanunremarkableoldneighborhoodinanOsakasuburb,thekindofplacepeopleforgetstillexistsinmodemJapan.Therearenopachinkoparlorsorcybercafes—noshopsofanykind,really.It'sanunlikelyplacetoencounterthenextversionofJapan'stechnologicalevolution.Butlistentowhathappenswhenagray-hairedseptuagenariannamedKazukoKomiyamareturnsaftervisitingfriends,"Welcomehome,"avoicechirps."Isn’titaniceday?”

Thehigh-pitchedgreetingbelongstoarobot.It’sasimplemachine,tobesure.Thisisn'tathoughtfulroboticcharacterlikethosefoundinaStarWarsmovie,orlikeJapan’sownpopularcreationAstroBoy.Butit’sarobotnonetheless:achocolate-brownwombatthateventuallywillbeable,toflutteritseyeswhenKomiyama,77,enterstheroomandgigglewhenshescratchesitsfuzzylittlehead.Ittellsherwhattheweatherislike.Itremindsherwhenit’stimetotakehermedicine.Itsingssweetsongstoher.

ForKomiyama,amechanicalcompanionisaguardagainstthedreadfullonelinessmanyelderlyJapanesemustendure.ShesawonesuchtragicstoryonaTVnewsshowrecently.“Anoldman'sdeathwentunnoticedbecausehelivedalone,”shesays.“Dayafterday,hisdiaryread,‘Ididn'tmeetanybodytoday.Again.’Idon’twanttoenduplikethat.”SowhenwelfareworkersfromtheOsakasuburbofIkedaaskedforvolunteerstotesttheprototypeofMatsushitaElectricIndustrialCo.'spetrobot,shejumpedatthechance.Shekeepstherobotsittinginherlivingroom.Afteramonth,she’sstartingtowarm-uptothething,despiteoneirritatinghabit“Itspeakswithachildishvoice,”shecomplains.“ThatmakesmefeellikeI’mtreatedasanoldperson.Iwouldratherhaveanequalrelationshipwitharobot.”

ThisismodemJapan,aGizmoNationwhereevengrandmothersmakefriendswiththeirgadgets.Forhalfacentury,theJapanesehavemadeitaculturalmissiontoturnoutasuccessionofcool,elegantandincreasinglyhumanmachines.Andwhatmachinestheyhavebecome:roboticgeishas;headgearthatprojectscomputerscreensinmidairinfrontofwearers'eyes;toiletsthatmeasureaperson’sweight,bodyfatandurinesugarlevels.Thecountrythatgavetheworldtransistorradios,theWalkmanandhand-heldvideogamesisnowpositionedtoturnitsloveofgadgetryintoaprofitablenationalenterpriseonceagain.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.WhogigglesafterKomiyamacomesintotheroomaccordingtothepassage?

3.WecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthatnowadaysmanyoldpeopleinJapanare（）.

4.Thephrase"warm-upto"inthethirdparagraphcanbemostlikelyreplacedby（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasoneoftherolestherobotscanplay?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itisimpossibleforpeopletofindhigh-techrobotsinasimplewoodenhouse

B.itiseasyforpeopletothinkofasimplewoodenhouseinthemodemJapan

C.Komiyamausuallygoestoacoffeerestauranttoreleaseherloneliness

D.Komiyamahasamechanicalcompanionwhosevoiceisverysharpandshort

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheoldwomanKomiyamaherself.

B.Komiyama'sfantasticpetrobot

C.AmechanicalcompanioninStarWars.

D.AnaughtyJapan'screationAstroBoy.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.treatedasoldpersons

B.verylonelyintheirlife

C.enjoyingthemselves

D.nottakengoodcareof

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becomewarmerandwarmer

B.prepareforagamewiththerobot

C.starttolikeorbefriendlywith

D.approachtoorcomeupto

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Helpfulinstruments.

B.Friendlycompanions.

C.Entertainingmachines.

D.Instructiveeducators

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第三句“It'sanunlikelyplacetoencounterthenextversionofJapan'stechnologicalevolution.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B,C,D都與原文不符。

2.根據(jù)第二段的一二三句“Thehigh-pitchedgreetingbelongstoarobot.選項(xiàng)A首先排除。It’sasimplemachine,tobesure.Thisisn'tathoughtfulroboticcharacterlikethosefoundinaStarWarsmovie,orlikeJapan’sownpopularcreationAstroBoy.”既不是星球大戰(zhàn)里的機(jī)器人,也不是日本人創(chuàng)造的阿童木,所以排除選項(xiàng)C和D。

3.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“ForKomiyama,amechanicalcompanionisaguardagainstthedreadfullonelinessmanyelderlyJapanesemustendure.”可知,選項(xiàng)B日本的老人都很孤獨(dú),符合原文。

4.根據(jù)原文,老人把機(jī)器人放在客廳,一個(gè)月后,開(kāi)始慢慢的接受它。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,只有選項(xiàng)D有益的教育工作者,在文中沒(méi)有被提及,其他的均提到了。

2.單選題

Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckedit

fordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.borderguardsmadeusto

B.getoutofthecar

C.whiletheycheckeditfordrugs

D.otherforbiddenitems

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】A

【解析】介詞誤用。去掉to。make“使得；進(jìn)行”為使役動(dòng)詞,后面一般跟動(dòng)詞原形。

3.單選題

Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout“race”：howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yet,the（1）phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications.

Wejudgeraceusually（2）thecoloringoftheskin：awhiterace，abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.But（3）youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot（4）anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged，Thereis（5）inphysicalstructture,thebrainortheinternalorgansto（6）adifference.

Therearefourtypesofblood.（7）typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe（8）?Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswill（9）insize,butthisoc-curswithineveryrace.（10）doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain（11）examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak（12）Ontheotherhand,someofourmostdistinguishedpeoplehavehad（13）brains.

Mentaltestswhicharereasonably（14）shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.（15）equaleducationaladvantages,therewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandings,ei-theronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace（16）civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofagroupofpeople（17）enablethemtobehaveina/an（18）way.

Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstances,buttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew（19）isbetterandhigherthananything（20）thepast

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complete

B.full

C.total

D.whole

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.from

C.at

D.on

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.since

B.if

C.as

D.while

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.speak

B.talk

C.tell

D.mention

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.something

B.everything

C.nothing

D.anything

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.display

B.indicate

C.demonstrate

D.appear

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.All

B.Most

C.No

D.Some

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.same

B.identical

C.similar

D.alike

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.remain

B.increase

C.decrease

D.vary

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.Only

B.Or

C.Nor

D.So

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.ever

B.then

C.never

D.once

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.health

B.body

C.mind

D.thought

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.big

B.small

C.minor

D.major

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.true

B.exact

C.certain

D.accurate

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.Provided

B.Concerning

C.Given

D.Following

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.cause

C.move

D.turn

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.but

C.though

D.so

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.ordinary

B.peculiar

C.usual

D.common

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.what

C.whichever

D.whatever

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.within

D.in

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。空格所在句的前一句提到certainthings，因此whole（所有的；完整的）應(yīng)放在空格處與之對(duì)應(yīng)。

2.考查固定搭配。句意：我們通常根據(jù)皮膚的顏色來(lái)種族。judgefrom意為“根據(jù)……作出判斷”，故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系詞。句意：但是去除了皮膚，你就無(wú)法辨別一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)種族。B項(xiàng)if在空格處引導(dǎo)條件句。

4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：但是如果去除了皮膚，你就無(wú)法一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)種族。tell意為“辨別”，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)speak講，談；B選項(xiàng)talk說(shuō)，討論；D選項(xiàng)mention提到，C選項(xiàng)tell符合句意。

5.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：去除了皮膚就無(wú)法辨別一個(gè)人屬于哪個(gè)種族，身體結(jié)構(gòu)、大腦或內(nèi)部器官方面也差異。C項(xiàng)nothing意為“沒(méi)有什么”，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

6.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：身體結(jié)構(gòu)、大腦或內(nèi)部器官方面也沒(méi)有差異。A選項(xiàng)display顯示，陳列；B項(xiàng)indicate表明；指出；C選項(xiàng)demonstrate證明，顯示；D選項(xiàng)appear出現(xiàn)，B項(xiàng)indicate符合句意。

7.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。句意：在每個(gè)種族中都可以找到血液類型，沒(méi)有哪種血型是某個(gè)種族獨(dú)有的。A選項(xiàng)All全部的；B選項(xiàng)Most大部分的；C選項(xiàng)No沒(méi)有的；D選項(xiàng)Some一些，所以A選項(xiàng)All符合句意。

8.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。在每個(gè)種族中都可以找到所有的血液類型，沒(méi)有哪種血型是某個(gè)種族獨(dú)有的。因此推測(cè)空格處可能是說(shuō)人腦也一樣。thesame意為“一樣，同上”，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

9.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：大腦的大小會(huì)。A選項(xiàng)remain留下，保持；B選項(xiàng)increase增加，增大；C選項(xiàng)decrease減少，減小；D選項(xiàng)vary變化，不同。因此D選項(xiàng)vary符合句意。

10.nor含否定意義，放在此空格處，句意為：大腦的大小和智力沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系。而且后面主謂倒置（部分倒置），故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

11.句意：檢測(cè)出的最大的大腦來(lái)自一個(gè)智力差的人。ever意為“曾經(jīng)，以前”，在空格處表示“有史以來(lái)”，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

12.考查名詞詞義。句意：有史以來(lái)檢測(cè)出的最大的大腦來(lái)自一個(gè)差的人。A選項(xiàng)health健康；B選項(xiàng)body身體；C選項(xiàng)mind智力，頭腦；D選項(xiàng)thought思想，C選項(xiàng)mind符合句意。

13.考查上下文語(yǔ)義。空格所在句的前面提到最大的大腦來(lái)自一個(gè)智力差的人，后面一句說(shuō)Ontheotherhand，因此推測(cè)后面是說(shuō)：另一方面，某些最杰出人士的大腦卻很小。B選項(xiàng)small意為“小的”，故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

14.考查形容詞詞義。句意：非常智力測(cè)驗(yàn)表明種族間的智力沒(méi)有差異。A選項(xiàng)true真實(shí)的，正確的；B選項(xiàng)exact準(zhǔn)確的；C選項(xiàng)certain某一，已確定的；D選項(xiàng)accurate精確的。D選項(xiàng)accurate符合句意。

15.句意：平等的教育條件，無(wú)論是哪個(gè)種族還是哪個(gè)地域的人，他們的平均排名沒(méi)有差異。

A選項(xiàng)Provided如果；B選項(xiàng)Concerning關(guān)于；C選項(xiàng)Given如果有（機(jī)會(huì)等）；D選項(xiàng)Following之后，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：每個(gè)種族的成員都會(huì)文明的倒退或進(jìn)步。A選項(xiàng)make使產(chǎn)生，制造；B選項(xiàng)cause引起；C選項(xiàng)move移動(dòng)；D選項(xiàng)turn使轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，因此B選項(xiàng)cause符合句意。

17.考查邏輯關(guān)系。空格所在句的句意為：培訓(xùn)和教育可以改變一群人的反應(yīng)，使他們能夠以一種特有的方式行事。前后兩句為并列關(guān)系，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

18.考查形容詞詞義。句意：培訓(xùn)和教育可以改變一群人的反應(yīng)，并且使他們能夠以一種方式行事。A選項(xiàng)ordinary普通的；B選項(xiàng)peculiar異常的；特有的；C選項(xiàng)usual常見(jiàn)的；D選項(xiàng)common共有的，普通的，因此B選項(xiàng)peculiar符合句意。

19.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們總是可以重新開(kāi)始或者繼續(xù)嘗試比以往更好的新事物。That在空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞something，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。

20.考查介詞。句意：繼續(xù)嘗試比更好的新事物。D選項(xiàng)inthepast意為“在過(guò)去；以往”，符合句意。

4.填空題

WhileIwasastudent,I（1）manystoriesaboutthevalueofEnglishforone’scareer,butIthoughttheywereirrelevant（2）thelifethatIhadplannedformyself.Inthat（3）Iwassimilartomanyoftoday'sstudents.Aftergraduating,I（4）howaccuratethosestorieswere.I（5）manyopportunitiesbecausemyEnglishwassopoor,（6）Ifinallydecidedto"correct*'myearliermistake.OnedayI（7）atutorandbegantostudy

Englishseriously-asatoolofrealcommunication,notameretestsubject―forthefirst（8）inmylife.Thisturned（9）tobeoneofthebestdecisionsthatI’ve

（10）made.AfterI（11）myattitudetowardthelanguage,Ireallystartedtoenjoyusingit,andasa（12）Imaderapid（13）init.Sincethenmycareerhasbenefitedgreatly（14）mynewabilitytouseEnglishactively.

【答案】1.heard

2.to

3.respect

4.realized

5.lost

6.so

7.got

8.time

9.out

10.ever

11.changed

12.result

/r/gress

14.from

【解析】1.固定搭配。Hearstoryabout聽(tīng)關(guān)于…的故事。而且這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式。

2.固定搭配。beirrelevanttosth.與某事無(wú)關(guān)。

3.語(yǔ)義題。句意:在這方面，我和今天的許多學(xué)生很相似。

4.語(yǔ)義題。句意:我意識(shí)到這些故事是多么準(zhǔn)確。

5.固定搭配。Loseopportunities失去機(jī)會(huì)。這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式。

6.邏輯分析。空格前后句子為因果關(guān)系:英語(yǔ)不好，我失去了很多機(jī)會(huì)。因此,我決定糾正之前的錯(cuò)誤。

7.固定搭配。getatutor請(qǐng)家教。這里應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

8.固定搭配。Forthefirsttime第一次。

9.固定搭配。turnouttobe結(jié)果是,證明是。

10.語(yǔ)義題。句意:我曾經(jīng)做的最好決定之一。

11.語(yǔ)義題。句意:在我改變對(duì)英語(yǔ)的態(tài)度后。

12.固定搭配。asaresult結(jié)果。

13.固定搭配。Makeprogressin在…方面取得巨大進(jìn)步。

14.固定搭配。benefitfromsth.受益于…。

5.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonsmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemploytheanalogythatlikeneddemographicgrowthto“along,thinpowderfusethatburnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes.”

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory,wefindthatpopulationshavebeenvirtuallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Therewashighfertilityinmostplaces,butthiswasusuallybalancedbyhighmortality.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whileinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttonotice.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighmortality.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8,000BC.tillapproximatelyAD.1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9600years,thepopulationincreasedfromsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Whichofthefollowingdemographicgrowthpatternismostsuitableforthelong,thinpowderfuseanalogy?

2.Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societieswereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause（）.

3.Whichstatementistrueaboutpopulationincrease?

4.Theauthorofthepassageintendsto（）.

5.Theword“demographic”,inthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Avirtuallystableorslightlydecreasingperiodandthenasuddenexplosionofpopulation.

B.Aslowgrowthforalongtimeandthenaperiodofrapid,dramaticincrease.

C.Toomanypeopleonearthandafewrapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.

D.Alongperiodwhendeathratesexceedsbirthratesandthenashortperiodwithhigherfertilityandlowermortality.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theremightbeanincreaseof2.2billionpersonsfromnowtotheyear2000.

B.About50,000babiesareborneverysixhoursatpresent.

C.Between8000BCandthepresent,thepopulationincreaseisabout80,000,000personseachyear.

D.Thepopulationincreasedfasterbetween8000BCand1650thanbetween1650andthepresent.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.warnpeopleagainstthepopulationexplosioninthenearfuture

B.comparethedemographicgrowthpatterninthepastwiththatafter1650

C.findoutthecauseforrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyears

D.presentusaclearandcompletepicture’ofthedemographicgrowth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.statisticsofhuman

B.surroundingsstudy

C.accumulationofhuman

D.developmentofhuman

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。第一段如此描述“thelong,thinpowderfuse(細(xì)長(zhǎng)的火藥引線)”：…burnssteadilyandhaltinglyuntilitfinallyreachesthechargeandexplodes，“它一直斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地燃燒，直到最后爆發(fā)”。第二段中說(shuō)到人類在以前的時(shí)期增長(zhǎng)并不高，有時(shí)出生率還低于死亡率，到了近期才出現(xiàn)快速增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“一段幾乎穩(wěn)定或略微減少的時(shí)期，然后人口突然暴增”。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段說(shuō)到“Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates”可知通常，社會(huì)處于滅絕的明顯危險(xiǎn)之中的原因是死亡率可能超過(guò)出生率，B選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“從現(xiàn)在到2000年可能會(huì)增加22億人”對(duì)應(yīng)最后一段第三句與第四句“Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2000therewillbe6.2billionpeoplethroughouttheworld”，從1650年到現(xiàn)在，人口從5億增長(zhǎng)到40多億。據(jù)估計(jì)，到2000年，全世界將有62億人。通過(guò)數(shù)字相減可得A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“目前，每6個(gè)小時(shí)大約有5萬(wàn)個(gè)嬰兒出生”，文中說(shuō)到“Between8000BCand1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之間，世界人口每年平均只增加5萬(wàn)人。目前，這個(gè)數(shù)字每六個(gè)小時(shí)增加一次。但本句中只是說(shuō)population人口增加，并不是嬰兒出生多少；C選項(xiàng)“從公元前8000年到現(xiàn)在，人口每年大約增加8000萬(wàn)人”對(duì)應(yīng)最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000萬(wàn)，而不是每年會(huì)增加8000萬(wàn)；D選項(xiàng)“公元前8000年到1650年之間的人口增長(zhǎng)速度比1650年到現(xiàn)在的人口增長(zhǎng)速度快”屬于反向干擾，現(xiàn)在的人口增長(zhǎng)速度顯然更快。

第4題:4.作者意圖題。本文從歷史的角度出發(fā)，講解了各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期人口增長(zhǎng)的變化，并列出了詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)，因此D選項(xiàng)“向我們展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增長(zhǎng)圖景”符合文意。

第5題:5.詞義推測(cè)題。第一段第一句說(shuō)到“populationproblem（人口問(wèn)題）”即“toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear”,increase即對(duì)應(yīng)growth，因此demographic就是指thenumberofpopulation，A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Therehasbeennothingmoreastonishingintheprogressofwarwhichisreallytheapplicationofthemechanicsofforcetohumannature（

）

thepositionthatpublicopinionoccupies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.to

C.than

D.better

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。nothingmore...than...意思為“沒(méi)有什么比……更加……”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格后面是名詞“position位置”，而前面有nothingmore出現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合上下文意思，故推斷選項(xiàng)C為最佳答案。句意為：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)實(shí)際上是武力作用于人性，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，沒(méi)有什么比公眾輿論占據(jù)的地位更讓人吃驚的了。

7.單選題

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly—thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlymounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience…tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

B.Roentgen’sIgnoranceofX-rays

C.TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

D.BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.providesbetterunderstanding

B.offersimmediateprofit

C.drivesoutbasicresearch

D.solvespracticalproblems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。

1.首尾段核心句

首段第一句提出問(wèn)題：WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?（為什么基金會(huì)集中支持基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究？），具體介紹基礎(chǔ)研究。尾段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實(shí)際問(wèn)題而進(jìn)行的，它具有吸引力，因?yàn)榭梢灾苯涌吹胶拖硎艹晒?。），具體講述應(yīng)用研究。這篇文章分別介紹了這兩種研究并且進(jìn)行對(duì)比，由此推斷本文的主旨是“基礎(chǔ)研究與應(yīng)用研究”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)

本文的行文邏輯是“A—B”，分別講述基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“基礎(chǔ)研究的重要性”：基礎(chǔ)研究?jī)H僅是第一段的內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)X射線的不了解”：關(guān)鍵詞X-rays對(duì)應(yīng)第一段最后一句discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine，這個(gè)例子用來(lái)支持上一句thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated（往往無(wú)法預(yù)料基礎(chǔ)研究的實(shí)際應(yīng)用），不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用研究的吸引力”：這里只總結(jié)了第二段，也屬于以偏概全。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

精確定位

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三句Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly（撇開(kāi)用于工業(yè)研究的資金不談——工業(yè)研究自然更關(guān)心應(yīng)用方面，因?yàn)檫@些能迅速帶來(lái)利益），可知工業(yè)界因?yàn)閼?yīng)用研究帶來(lái)的好處而關(guān)注它，B選項(xiàng)“立刻帶來(lái)利益”正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“幫助更好地理解”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.（基礎(chǔ)研究的目標(biāo)是為了理解而理解。），可知這指的是基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究，屬于張冠李戴。

C選項(xiàng)“排斥基礎(chǔ)研究”：根據(jù)第二段第五句Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.（除非提供充分的保障措施，應(yīng)用研究往往會(huì)排斥基礎(chǔ)研究。），這里指出的是基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究的關(guān)系，沒(méi)有解釋題干的原因，屬于偷換概念。

D選項(xiàng)“解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractiveness（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實(shí)際問(wèn)題而進(jìn)行的，它具有直接的吸引力），這里講的是應(yīng)用研究的目的，也就是吸引研究人員的原因，并不等工業(yè)界喜歡應(yīng)用研究的原因，屬于偷換概念。

8.單選題

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleetingthought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewritingtheobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostoppingnogoingback.Nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

1.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans（

）.

2.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis（

）.

3.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirst