高三英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)第4講 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致課件

第4講

|動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致第4講|動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit____________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.2.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sarahsays，“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment，school____________(come)first...”

動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)iscomes1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningreg3.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Later，engineers____________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道)，whichbecameknownastheTube.4.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt____________(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.5.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sarah_____________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel，earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.6.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Steamengines____________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.managedareremovedhasbeentold/wastoldwereused3.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Later，engineers7.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Trulyelegantchopsticksmight____________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.8.(2016·北京卷改編)Jack____________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.9.(2018·福州模擬)Duetothehardtrainingthey____________(do)before，theirperformanceswereveryimpressive.bemadewasworkinghaddone7.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Trulyelegantcho一、如何確定動詞的時(shí)態(tài)

在確定空格處需要填謂語動詞后，我們則需要考慮謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及主謂一致。對于時(shí)態(tài)的確定，我們可以從以下三個(gè)方面來突破：1.時(shí)間狀語。時(shí)態(tài)，顧名思義就是指動作或狀態(tài)在不同時(shí)間條件下的動詞形式，因此時(shí)間狀語是確定動詞時(shí)態(tài)的最直接的決定因素。一、如何確定動詞的時(shí)態(tài)[典例]

(2016·浙江卷)Silk________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.[分析]

hadbecome。題干中有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語“about100BC”，且當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語由介詞by(不遲于，不晚于)引導(dǎo)時(shí)，表示動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。[典例](2016·浙江卷)Silk________(b2.參照動詞。當(dāng)句中沒有時(shí)間狀語，或時(shí)間狀語不能完全決定所填詞動作所發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間時(shí)，動詞的時(shí)態(tài)由其參照動詞來決定。[典例]

(江蘇卷改編)Therealreasonwhyprices________(be)，andstillare，toohighiscomplex，andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.[分析]

were。題干中沒有時(shí)間狀語，由參照動詞“are”和“is”特別是still一詞可以推斷出所填詞陳述的是過去的事實(shí)，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。2.參照動詞。當(dāng)句中沒有時(shí)間狀語，或時(shí)間狀語不能完全決定所填3.句意或情境。當(dāng)所填動詞所在句中無時(shí)間狀語及參照動詞，或時(shí)間狀語和參照動詞都不能確定所填詞動作的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，所填動詞的時(shí)態(tài)由句子的具體意思或動作所發(fā)生的情境來決定。[典例]

(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof61.greater(great)andlessimportance.Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof62.achievement(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow__63__(be)oftenacceptable.[分析]

is。本題所在句無時(shí)間狀語。也沒有參照動詞，但根據(jù)情境可知是陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動詞用原形，故填is。3.句意或情境。當(dāng)所填動詞所在句中無時(shí)間狀語及參照動詞，或時(shí)二、如何確定動詞的語態(tài)被動語態(tài)類考題的解題關(guān)鍵在于判斷句子的主語和謂語動詞之間是否是被動關(guān)系，但是被動語態(tài)的考查總是與句子時(shí)態(tài)一起，即確定是被動語態(tài)之后，還要通過相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語判斷出是哪一種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，這樣才能確保填寫準(zhǔn)確的答案或改正相應(yīng)的錯誤。二、如何確定動詞的語態(tài)[典例1]

(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Steamengines________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.[分析]

wereused。Steamengines與use之間為被動關(guān)系，且由后面的musthavebeen可知，講述的是過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。[典例2]

(廣東卷)We________(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek...[分析]

weretold。句意：我們被告知我們預(yù)訂的房間不是那一周的……所填詞是句子的謂語，和句子的主語we是被動關(guān)系，表示“我們被告知”；由從句時(shí)態(tài)判斷出，動作發(fā)生在過去，用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，故填weretold。[典例1](2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Steamengines1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.____________2.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.____________3.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindgoesblank.____________4.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords，“Speedup！”

“Slowdown！”

“Turningleft！”____________find→foundare→weregoes→wentTurning→Turn1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwi5.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically，butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.____________6.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcostmuch，yetwecanstilllearnalot.____________7.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)However，myparentsdidn’tseemtothinkso.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandme...____________8.(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.____________had→havethought→thinktell→toldusing→used5.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Ihadgrownnoto縱觀近五年的短文改錯考題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的考查頻率較高；而語態(tài)方面的考查一般是通過非謂語動詞來體現(xiàn)的。1.短文改錯有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的考點(diǎn)(1)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，誤用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。①WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.think→thought縱觀近五年的短文改錯考題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去(2)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，誤用一般過去時(shí)。②Waterisimportant...Yetitseemedthatwaterisbecominglessandless.seemed→seems(3)句子內(nèi)部時(shí)態(tài)前后矛盾。③Forexample，howmanytimeshaveyouwalkedoutofaroomandleavethelightsortelevisiononwhennooneelsewasthere?leave→left(4)語法結(jié)構(gòu)有誤，句子成分錯位。④Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.telling→told(5)動詞拼寫錯誤。⑤Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.begun→began(2)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，誤用一般過去時(shí)。2.短文改錯有關(guān)語態(tài)的考點(diǎn)(1)分詞的誤用。①Third，weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing，especiallybathwaterwhichisquitealot，andthatwillsavemuchwater.using→used(2)動詞拼寫錯誤。②TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.drank→drunk2.短文改錯有關(guān)語態(tài)的考點(diǎn)(1)分詞的誤用。1.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011，thecountry____________(grow)morecornthanrice.2.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Fastfood____________(be)fulloffatandsalt；byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.3.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____________(be)oftenacceptable.主謂一致hasgrownisis1.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Dietshavechange4.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand____________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.5.(全國卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo____________(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.6.(2018·濟(jì)南模擬)Myroujiamo____________(make)fresh，sothebreadwasstillwarm.7.(2018·桂林模擬)TheBeijingPalaceMuseumkeepstheoriginalSongpaintingandoneofitsfamouscopies—theQingversion____________(hold)intheNationalPalaceMuseuminTaipei.wereis

wasmadeisheld4.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelieve1.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Theywouldsaytomethatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIunwillingtoplaythegameswiththemsometimes.____________2.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks，andmistakesaswell._________________3.(2018·福建模擬)Whoeverhaveadreamanddarestoseekitistheloveliestperson.____________I后加wasinclude→includeshave→has1.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Theywouldsayto4.(廣西卷)Theunderstandingbetweentwofriendsmeanbothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrusteachother.____________5.(遼寧卷)Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.____________6.(陜西卷)Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky.____________mean→meanshave→haswas→were4.(廣西卷)Theunderstandingbetwe1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。2.在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。3.非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)；可數(shù)名詞4.就近原則：由either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。5.就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語后跟有with，togetherwith，aswellas，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan等引起的短語時(shí)，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。4.就近原則：由either...or...，neitherThankYou!ThankYou!第4講

|動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致第4講|動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit____________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.2.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sarahsays，“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment，school____________(come)first...”

動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)iscomes1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningreg3.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Later，engineers____________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道)，whichbecameknownastheTube.4.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt____________(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.5.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Sarah_____________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel，earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.6.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Steamengines____________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.managedareremovedhasbeentold/wastoldwereused3.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Later，engineers7.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Trulyelegantchopsticksmight____________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.8.(2016·北京卷改編)Jack____________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.9.(2018·福州模擬)Duetothehardtrainingthey____________(do)before，theirperformanceswereveryimpressive.bemadewasworkinghaddone7.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Trulyelegantcho一、如何確定動詞的時(shí)態(tài)

在確定空格處需要填謂語動詞后，我們則需要考慮謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及主謂一致。對于時(shí)態(tài)的確定，我們可以從以下三個(gè)方面來突破：1.時(shí)間狀語。時(shí)態(tài)，顧名思義就是指動作或狀態(tài)在不同時(shí)間條件下的動詞形式，因此時(shí)間狀語是確定動詞時(shí)態(tài)的最直接的決定因素。一、如何確定動詞的時(shí)態(tài)[典例]

(2016·浙江卷)Silk________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.[分析]

hadbecome。題干中有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語“about100BC”，且當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語由介詞by(不遲于，不晚于)引導(dǎo)時(shí)，表示動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。[典例](2016·浙江卷)Silk________(b2.參照動詞。當(dāng)句中沒有時(shí)間狀語，或時(shí)間狀語不能完全決定所填詞動作所發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間時(shí)，動詞的時(shí)態(tài)由其參照動詞來決定。[典例]

(江蘇卷改編)Therealreasonwhyprices________(be)，andstillare，toohighiscomplex，andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.[分析]

were。題干中沒有時(shí)間狀語，由參照動詞“are”和“is”特別是still一詞可以推斷出所填詞陳述的是過去的事實(shí)，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。2.參照動詞。當(dāng)句中沒有時(shí)間狀語，或時(shí)間狀語不能完全決定所填3.句意或情境。當(dāng)所填動詞所在句中無時(shí)間狀語及參照動詞，或時(shí)間狀語和參照動詞都不能確定所填詞動作的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，所填動詞的時(shí)態(tài)由句子的具體意思或動作所發(fā)生的情境來決定。[典例]

(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof61.greater(great)andlessimportance.Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof62.achievement(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow__63__(be)oftenacceptable.[分析]

is。本題所在句無時(shí)間狀語。也沒有參照動詞，但根據(jù)情境可知是陳述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動詞用原形，故填is。3.句意或情境。當(dāng)所填動詞所在句中無時(shí)間狀語及參照動詞，或時(shí)二、如何確定動詞的語態(tài)被動語態(tài)類考題的解題關(guān)鍵在于判斷句子的主語和謂語動詞之間是否是被動關(guān)系，但是被動語態(tài)的考查總是與句子時(shí)態(tài)一起，即確定是被動語態(tài)之后，還要通過相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語判斷出是哪一種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，這樣才能確保填寫準(zhǔn)確的答案或改正相應(yīng)的錯誤。二、如何確定動詞的語態(tài)[典例1]

(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Steamengines________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.[分析]

wereused。Steamengines與use之間為被動關(guān)系，且由后面的musthavebeen可知，講述的是過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。[典例2]

(廣東卷)We________(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek...[分析]

weretold。句意：我們被告知我們預(yù)訂的房間不是那一周的……所填詞是句子的謂語，和句子的主語we是被動關(guān)系，表示“我們被告知”；由從句時(shí)態(tài)判斷出，動作發(fā)生在過去，用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，故填weretold。[典例1](2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Steamengines1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.____________2.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.____________3.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindgoesblank.____________4.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords，“Speedup！”

“Slowdown！”

“Turningleft！”____________find→foundare→weregoes→wentTurning→Turn1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Duringmylastwi5.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically，butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.____________6.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcostmuch，yetwecanstilllearnalot.____________7.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)However，myparentsdidn’tseemtothinkso.Theyalwaystellmewhattodoandhowtodoit.Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandme...____________8.(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.____________had→havethought→thinktell→toldusing→used5.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Ihadgrownnoto縱觀近五年的短文改錯考題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的考查頻率較高；而語態(tài)方面的考查一般是通過非謂語動詞來體現(xiàn)的。1.短文改錯有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的考點(diǎn)(1)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，誤用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。①WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.think→thought縱觀近五年的短文改錯考題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去(2)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，誤用一般過去時(shí)。②Waterisimportant...Yetitseemedthatwaterisbecominglessandless.seemed→seems(3)句子內(nèi)部時(shí)態(tài)前后矛盾。③Forexample，howmanytimeshaveyouwalkedoutofaroomandleavethelightsortelevisiononwhennooneelsewasthere?leave→left(4)語法結(jié)構(gòu)有誤，句子成分錯位。④Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.telling→told(5)動詞拼寫錯誤。⑤Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.begun→began(2)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，誤用一般過去時(shí)。2.短文改錯有關(guān)語態(tài)的考點(diǎn)(1)分詞的誤用。①Third，weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing，especiallybathwaterwhichisquitealot，andthatwillsavemuchwater.using→used(2)動詞拼寫錯誤。②TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.drank→drunk2.短文改錯有關(guān)語態(tài)的考點(diǎn)(1)分詞的誤用。1.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011，thecountry____________(grow)morecornthanrice.2.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Fastfood____________(be)fulloffatandsalt；byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.3.(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow____________(be)oftenacceptable.主謂一致hasgrownisis1.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Dietshavechange4.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand____________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.5.(全國卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo____________(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelersconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.6.(2018·濟(jì)南模擬)Myroujiamo___