考研考博-英語-北京京北職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京京北職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

After1989,theexternal（）vanished,butthedangertoAmericancivilizationremained.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disruption

B.menace

C.liability

D.emergence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。disruption中斷，分裂；menace威脅，脅迫;liability責(zé)任，義務(wù)；emergence出現(xiàn)，出來，暴露。句意:1989年之后，外部消失了，但對(duì)美國文明的危險(xiǎn)依然存在。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意和邏輯。

2.單選題

Companiesspendmillionsofdollarsonadsandcommercials,tryingto（）theAmericanpublicintopurchasingtheirproducts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.misplace

B.mock

C.maneuver

D.manifest

【答案】C

【解析】misplace放錯(cuò)地方；mock嘲笑；maneuver調(diào)動(dòng),調(diào)遣；manifest證明,顯示。句意：公司花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬美元在廣告和商業(yè)上,試圖調(diào)動(dòng)美國民眾購買他們的產(chǎn)品。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Everybabybornadecadefromnowwillhaveitsgeneticcodemappedatbirth,agenomesequencingcompanyhaspredicted.

AcompleteDNAread-outforeverynewbornwillbetechnicallyfeasibleandaffordableinlessthanfiveyears,promisingarevolutioninhealthcare,saysthechiefexecutiveofIllumina.

Thiswillopenanewapproachtomedicine,bywhichconditionssuchasdiabetesandheartdiseasecanbepredictedanddrugsprescribedmoresafelyandeffectively.

Thedevelopment,however,willraisedifficultquestionsaboutprivacyandaccesstoindividuals’geneticrecords.Manypeoplemaybereluctanttohavetheirgenomeread,forfearthattheresultscouldbeusedagainstthembyanemployerorinsurancecompany.

Theprospectofgenomescreeningforallhasemergedbecauseoftheplummetingcostoftherelevanttechnology.

TheHumanGenomeProject,whichpublisheditsfirstroughsequenceofmankind’sgeneticcodein2001,costanestimated$4billion.BythetimethescientistsJamesWatsonandCraigVenterhadtheirgenomesmappedtwoyearsago,thecosthadfallentoabout$1m.

Lastmonth,IlluminaannouncedadealwithaBritishcompanythatisdevelopinganewapproachtosequencingthatcouldbringcostsdownfurther.InaninterviewwithTheTimes,Dr.Flatleysaidagenomesequenceshouldbeavailableforlessthan$1,000inthreetofouryears.

“Thelimitationsaresociological;whenandwherepeoplethinkitcanbeapplied,theconcernspeoplehaveaboutmisinformationandthebackgroundethicsquestions.”

“Ithinkthoseareactuallygoingtobethelimitsthatpushitouttoaten-yeartimeframe,”headded.

Byexaminingwhichgeneticvariantsapersonhasinherited,itispossibletoidentifyraisedrisksofdevelopinganarrayofconditions,includingcardiovasculardiseaseandmanycancers.Thoseathighriskcanthenbescreenedmoreregularly,orgivendrugsordietaryadvicetolowertheirchancesofbecomingill.

Personalgenomesequencing,however,willraiselegitimateconcernsaboutprivacy,“Badthingscanbedonewiththegenome.Itcouldpredictsomethingaboutsomeone—andyoucouldpotentiallyhandinformationtotheiremployerortheirinsurancecompany,”saidDr.Flatley,“Legislationhastobepassed.”

Completegeneticprivacy,however,wasunlikelytobepossible,headded.

“Peoplehavetorecognizethatthishorseisoutofthebarn,andthatyourgenomeprobablycan’tbeprotected,becauseeverywhereyougoyouleaveyourgenomebehind.”

Asthebenefitsbecomeclearer,however,hebelievesthatmostpeoplewillwanttheirgenomesreadandinterpreted.Theapparentbenefitswouldsooneclipsethehazards.

26.AcompleteDNAread-outispossibleinthenearfuturebecause______.

27.Whenwillgenomescreeningbeactuallyappliedtopublic,accordingtoDr.Flatley?

28.Theunderlinedword“conditions”inthetextmostprobablymeans______.

29.Whatmightbethe“badthing”associatedwithpersonalgenomesequencing?

30.WhatdoesDr.Flatleythinkaboutgenomescreening?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lawswillallowit

B.itwillcostless

C.employerswillwelcomeit

D.itisarevolutioninhealthcare

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Intwoorthreeyears.

B.Infive-yeartime.

C.Inabouttenyears.

D.Inthreeorfouryears.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.events

B.limitations

C.diseases

D.situations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Disclosingacompany’ssecrets.

B.Predictingaperson’scharacter.

C.Developingcardiovasculardisease.

D.Violatingaperson’sprivacy.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itsadvantagesaremorethandisadvantages.

B.Itbenefitsbabieswhoareathighrisksofdiseases.

C.Itwilldoharmtopeople’sprivacy.

D.Itwillhelpemployerschoosegoodcandidates.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.AcompleteDNAread-outispossibleinthenearfuturebecause______.26.完整的DNA讀取在不久的將來是可能的，因?yàn)開_____。

A.lawswillallowitA.法律允許這樣做

B.itwillcostlessB.它將花費(fèi)更少

C.employerswillwelcomeitC.雇主會(huì)歡迎它

D.itisarevolutioninhealthcareD.這是醫(yī)療保健的一場革命

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段“在不到五年的時(shí)間里，為每個(gè)新生兒讀取完整的DNA在技術(shù)上是可行的，也將是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的（affordable），這預(yù)示著醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的一場革命（arevolutioninhealthcare）”，從affordable一詞可知，完整的DNA讀取在不久的將來是可能的是因?yàn)楣娔軌蜇?fù)擔(dān)得起。故選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)并不是其原因，而是其性質(zhì)，該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.Whenwillgenomescreeningbeactuallyappliedtopublic,accordingtoDr.Flatley?27.根據(jù)弗拉特利博士，基因組篩查何時(shí)才能真正應(yīng)用于公眾？

A.Intwoorthreeyears.A.兩三年內(nèi)。

B.Infive-yeartime.B.五年內(nèi)。

C.Inabouttenyears.C.大約十年內(nèi)。

D.Inthreeorfouryears.D.三四年內(nèi)。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】文章第七段提到“在三到四年內(nèi)，一個(gè)基因組序列將以低于1000美元的價(jià)格面世”，可知，三到四年內(nèi)基因組篩查就可以應(yīng)用于公眾；然而根據(jù)第九段“我認(rèn)為這些實(shí)際上（actually）是將它推到十年期限的限制”，其中“限制”指的是第八段提到的“人們對(duì)錯(cuò)誤信息的擔(dān)憂以及背景倫理問題”，從中可知，因?yàn)橐恍┥鐣?huì)限制，基因組篩查將推遲到十年的期限，其中原文中的actually一詞正好與題干相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)定位到原文第二段“Illumina首席執(zhí)行官表示（saysthechiefexecutiveofIllumina），在不到五年的時(shí)間里（inlessthanfiveyears），為每個(gè)新生兒進(jìn)行完整的DNA讀取在技術(shù)上是可行的，而且是可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起的，有望在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域掀起一場革命”可知五年內(nèi)的這一時(shí)間觀點(diǎn)是Illumina首席執(zhí)行官所認(rèn)為的內(nèi)容，不是題干所問弗拉特利博士的觀點(diǎn)，屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)并不是實(shí)際上能夠應(yīng)用于公眾的時(shí)間，屬于曲解原文。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.Theunderlinedword“conditions”inthetextmostprobablymeans______.28.文中下劃線的“conditions”很可能是______的意思。

A.eventsA.事件

B.limitationsB.限制

C.diseasesC.疾病

D.situationsD.狀況，情境

【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推理題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)conditions定位至倒數(shù)第五段第一句“通過檢查一個(gè)人遺傳了哪些基因變異，有可能確定一系列conditions的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加，包括（including）心血管疾病和許多癌癥”，由including可知，心血管疾病和許多癌癥是包括在conditions之內(nèi)的，而心血管疾病和許多癌癥屬于疾病，所以推測conditions在這里是指“疾病”的意思。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Whatmightbethe“badthing”associatedwithpersonalgenomesequencing?29.與個(gè)人基因組測序相關(guān)的“壞事”可能是什么？

A.Disclosingacompany’ssecrets.A.泄露公司秘密。

B.Predictingaperson’scharacter.B.預(yù)測一個(gè)人的性格。

C.Developingcardiovasculardisease.C.心血管疾病的發(fā)展。

D.Violatingaperson’sprivacy.D.侵犯他人隱私。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)badthing定位至倒數(shù)第四段第一句“然而，個(gè)人基因組測序?qū)⒁饘?duì)隱私（privacy）的合理擔(dān)憂，基因組可以做‘壞事’”，結(jié)合第二句“它可以預(yù)測一個(gè)人的一些事情，你可能會(huì)把信息交給他們的雇主或保險(xiǎn)公司”，可知，“壞事”是指基因組可以預(yù)測一個(gè)人的一些事情，并且這些信息將會(huì)被賣給雇主或保險(xiǎn)公司，這些信息屬于個(gè)人隱私，所以“badthing”指的是侵犯個(gè)人隱私。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)沒提到，屬于無中生有；

B、C選項(xiàng)不夠全面，屬于以偏概全。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.WhatdoesDr.Flatleythinkaboutgenomescreening?30.弗拉特利博士如何看待基因組篩查？

A.Itsadvantagesaremorethandisadvantages.A.它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)多于缺點(diǎn)。

B.Itbenefitsbabieswhoareathighrisksofdiseases.B.它對(duì)那些疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的嬰兒有益。

C.Itwilldoharmtopeople’sprivacy.C.它會(huì)損害人們的隱私。

D.Itwillhelpemployerschoosegoodcandidates.D.它將幫助雇主選擇優(yōu)秀的候選人。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章最后一段“然而，他相信，隨著好處越來越明顯，大多數(shù)人會(huì)希望自己的基因組被解讀和解釋。顯而易見的好處很快就會(huì)蓋過（eclipse）危險(xiǎn)?！笨芍M管基因組篩查會(huì)帶來隱私泄露的危險(xiǎn)，但是它的好處很快就會(huì)蓋過它的壞處，A項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、D選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)雖然有提到，但是并不全面，屬于以偏概全。

4.單選題

Anthropologyisthestudyofhumanbeingsascreaturesofsociety.Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition.

Thedistinguishingmarkofanthropologyamongthesocialsciencesisthatitincludesforseriousstudyothersocietiesthanourown.Foritspurposesanysocialregulationofmatingandreproductionisassignificantasourown,thoughitmaybethatoftheSeaDyaks,andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization.Totheanthropologists,ourcustomsandthoseofNewGuineatribearetwopossiblesocialschemesfordealingwithcommonproblems,andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother.Heisinterestedinhumanbehavior,notasitisshapedbyonetradition,ourown,butasithasbeenshapedbyanytraditionwhatsoever.Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals.

Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround.Traditionalcustomisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbelief,andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

1.Accordingtothepassage,wecansaythatanthropology（）.

2.Forseriousstudy,ananthropologist（）.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoristrying（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.candealwithhumanbeingsasonegroupofthecreaturesinthelivingworld

B.canrevealanenormousdiversityoftraditions

C.canprovideinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandnature

D.candistinguishthehumanracefromothercreatures

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mustnotstudyhisownculture

B.isnotsupposedtohaveaprejudiceagainstanysociety

C.shouldfocusonthosesocietieswhicharehistoricallyrelatedtoeachother

D.isobligedtoworkonlyonthosesocietiesthathavenohistoricalrelationshiptoeachother

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tobecriticalofcustom

B.tosaythatanthropologyismoreimportantthanpsychology

C.tostrengthentherolecustomplaysinexperienceandbelief

D.todrawourintentiontotheimportanceofcustom

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegoaloftheanthropologististounderstandthewayinwhichpeopleexpressthemselves.

B.Theanthropologisttriestounderstandwhyculturesarecarriedonwithoutanychange.

C.Theanthropologist'sprofessionalinterestisaswideasthevarietyofcustoms.

D.Theanthropologististoexploresocialrelationsofdifferentpeople.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.HumanBehavior.

B.CreatureofSociety.

C.TheScienceofCustom.

D.TheFunctionsofCultures.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition(它把注意力集中在那些自然特征和工業(yè)技術(shù)、傳統(tǒng)和價(jià)值觀上，它們使一個(gè)社區(qū)區(qū)別于從屬于不同傳統(tǒng)的其他社會(huì)),即人類學(xué)能體現(xiàn)從屬于不同傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)之間的不同,因此B項(xiàng)“揭示傳統(tǒng)的巨大多樣性”正確。

2.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)中“mustnot”和D項(xiàng)中“only”表述過于絕對(duì),故排除。B:不應(yīng)該對(duì)任何社會(huì)存在偏見,第二段指出:...andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother(只要他還作為一位人類學(xué)家，他就一定會(huì)避免厚此薄彼，對(duì)任何文化存在偏見),因此B與原文所述相符。C:應(yīng)關(guān)注歷史上相互關(guān)聯(lián)的社會(huì),第二段指出:Foritspurposes,anysocialregulation...andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization(就其目的而言，任何社會(huì)規(guī)則……都與我們文化中的社會(huì)規(guī)則不可能有歷史聯(lián)系),因此C與原文不符。故選B。

3.作者意圖題。題干為:在第三段,作者打算…?第三段開始指出:Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment(當(dāng)前，習(xí)俗并沒有被看作是一門重要的學(xué)科),隨后強(qiáng)調(diào)了Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround(事實(shí)正好相反)。而后談及了習(xí)俗的作用和多樣性。因此作者第三段談及的是習(xí)俗的重要性和地位。故選D。

4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals(他感興趣的是在各種文化中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的浩瀚的習(xí)俗范圍，他的目標(biāo)就是弄懂這些文化變化和相互區(qū)別的方式，搞清楚它們表達(dá)自己的不同方式，弄明白任何一個(gè)民族的習(xí)俗在某一特定文化中的個(gè)人生活中的作用方式),故選C“人類學(xué)家的專業(yè)范疇與習(xí)俗的豐富性一樣廣泛”。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了人類學(xué)的研究范圍、對(duì)象和目標(biāo)。通篇都在介紹人類學(xué)所研究的重點(diǎn)是人類的習(xí)俗，以及后文重點(diǎn)介紹了習(xí)俗的重要性和地位。故C項(xiàng)“習(xí)俗的科學(xué)”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

5.單選題

The______ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.segregation

B.specification

C.spectrum

D.subscription

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”；B選項(xiàng)specification“規(guī)格；詳述”；C選項(xiàng)spectrum“光譜；頻譜；范圍；余象”；D選項(xiàng)subscription“捐獻(xiàn)；訂閱；訂金”。句意：天才兒童將根據(jù)他們的學(xué)習(xí)成績于下周開始______。根據(jù)語境，這里應(yīng)該指將學(xué)生進(jìn)行分班，A選項(xiàng)segregation“分離”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.beingbased被根據(jù)B.havebeenbased被根據(jù)

C.base根據(jù)D.bebased被根據(jù)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。

【解題思路】Besaidtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“據(jù)說……”，所以空格處的動(dòng)詞要用原形；主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)wassaid，而base這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在wassaid之前，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配；

C、D項(xiàng)不符合時(shí)態(tài)。

【句意】據(jù)說這篇報(bào)道是根據(jù)可靠的消息來源寫成的。

7.單選題

Wecan______withalotofunhappinessbyuncoveringanddiscardingthebeliefsthatfuelit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispose

B.dispense

C.dismiss

D.dispute

【答案】B

【解析】考查定語從句。A選項(xiàng)dispose“處理；安排”，不與with連用；B選項(xiàng)dispense“分配；分發(fā)”，dispensewithsth.“免除；省掉某物”；C選項(xiàng)dismiss“不予考慮；去除”，dismisswith“用……去除”；D選項(xiàng)dispute“爭論”disputewith“與……辯論”。句意：我們可以通過揭露和拋棄加劇不快樂的信仰來______很多不快樂。根據(jù)語境，這里指去除不快樂的感受，所以B選項(xiàng)dispensewithsth.“免除；省掉某物”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Goingthroughatrickydivorcewouldbeenoughtoputanyoneoffmarriageforlife.Butanewstudyshowsthatmenaremuchmorelikelyto______astressfulandcomplicatedbreak-upthanwomen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.geton

B.getoff

C.getover

D.getin

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。geton“上車；進(jìn)展”；getoff”脫下；下車“；getover”克服“；getin”進(jìn)入；陷入“。句意：經(jīng)歷一場棘手的離婚足以讓任何人放棄婚姻。但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，男性比女性更有可能……一段緊張而復(fù)雜的分手。句中but，因而存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明男性比女性更容易從分手中振作起來。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

3.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士表示想去單身漢晚會(huì)，女士確認(rèn)了時(shí)間為晚上八點(diǎn)，并且要自帶酒水。

10.單選題

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears,bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents-untilitappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow

（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdiffidencefromtheprefrontalcortex

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogress

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段第四句話提到“一位權(quán)威專家認(rèn)為夢(mèng)這種極度強(qiáng)烈的精神活動(dòng)不僅能被控制，而且是有意識(shí)地控制，幫助我們?nèi)胨⑶腋杏X更好”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter，因此選項(xiàng)A“可以被更改”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是“通過提到大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)，作者想要說明什么問題”。文章第二段提到limbicsystem(大腦邊緣系統(tǒng))是情緒大腦（emotionalbrain），因此可以推斷出作者在此處是想說明情緒與做夢(mèng)之間的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段第二句話提到“在上半夜往往會(huì)做不好的夢(mèng)，然后再睡醒前夢(mèng)開始變好。這種情況暗示人們?cè)趬?mèng)里解決白天產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面情緒”（Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday），由此可知不好的感覺出現(xiàn)在入睡的較早階段。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段提到“做夢(mèng)的過程不一定是無意識(shí)的。Cartwright認(rèn)為我們可以練習(xí)有意識(shí)地控制不斷出現(xiàn)的噩夢(mèng)。醒來后確定在夢(mèng)中令你苦惱的事情，設(shè)想一下你想要的結(jié)局，等下次它再次出現(xiàn)，嘗試在正好能控制它的過程的時(shí)候醒過來”（Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse），既然我們能夠控制做夢(mèng)的進(jìn)程，說明夢(mèng)境不一定是無意識(shí)的，而有可能是做夢(mèng)的人有意識(shí)而為之。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段第一句提到我們可能根本沒有關(guān)注我們的夢(mèng)（there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatall）；最后三句提到只有那些長期受噩夢(mèng)折磨的人需要去咨詢理療師的建議，其他人的大腦可以自動(dòng)消除不良情緒（thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings），也就是說按照往常那樣來生活就可，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Ontopofthebarrenhill（）apagoda,whichwasn’treallythattallwhenseenonlevelground.Viewedatthefootofthehill,however,itsureseemedlikealittleTowerofBabel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prompted

B.erected

C.stood

D.squatted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prompted“促進(jìn)；激起”；B選項(xiàng)erected“使直立；豎立”；C選項(xiàng)stood“豎立著”；D選項(xiàng)squatted“蹲坐”。句意：荒山頂上……一座寶塔，從平地上看并不算高。然而，但是從山腳下看過去猶如一個(gè)小小通天塔。關(guān)鍵詞pagoda“寶塔”，意思是在山頂上有一座寶塔，其中的動(dòng)詞還可以替換為矗立著，豎立著進(jìn)行替換。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.翻譯題

即使在麥哲倫號(hào)航天器（Magellan）還未看穿金星（Venus）的云層覆蓋之前，天文學(xué)家（astronomer）便很有把握地相信金星上沒有水。金星的表面很熱，至少有450攝氏度。它的溫度超過了水星（Mercury），你也許認(rèn)為水星會(huì)比金星熱，因?yàn)樗x太陽更近。然而，水星沒有保溫的大氣層。

金星大氣層中的二氧化碳（Carbondioxide）把太陽的熱量保留了下來。這和溫室能夠保存太陽的熱量好讓植物生長類似。太陽的光線能夠穿過云層到達(dá)金星表面，但其熱量卻無法逃逸。天文學(xué)家們懂得,水在如此熾熱的環(huán)境下是無法以液體的形式存在的。然而，它附近的兩顆行星——地球和火星（Mars）——卻存在著水或冰。金星過去是否也曾有過水？

麥哲倫號(hào)航天器發(fā)回的照片沒有提供曾有水存在的跡象。金星的表面有很多像河一樣的長長的紋路，有些長達(dá)數(shù)百公里。但這些紋路似乎是熔巖（meltedrock）造成的，而不是水造成的。

金星上沒有古海洋的跡象，也沒有山巒被水沖刷的痕跡。一位天文學(xué)家說，金星太熱，水星太冷，而地球恰好適合水的存在。

【答案】EvenbeforetheMagellanspacecraftsawthroughVenus’scloudcover,astronomerswereconfidentthatVenushadnowater.ThesurfaceofVenusisveryhot,atleast450degreesCelsius.It’shotterthanMercury,whichyoumightexpecttobehotterthanVenusbecauseit’sclosertotheSun.Mercury,however,hasnoinsulatingatmosphere.

TheCarbondioxideinVenus’atmospheretrapsthesun’sheat.Thisissimilartohowagreenhousepreservesthesun’sheattoallowplantstogrow.Thesun’srayscanpassthroughthecloudstoreachthesurfaceofVenus,butitsheatcannotescape.Astronomersknewthatwatercouldnotexistasaliquidinsuchhotconditions.However,twonearbyplanets,EarthandMars,havewaterorice.DidVenusoncehavewater?

PhotosfromtheMagellanspacecraftprovidenoevidencethatwatereverexisted.ThesurfaceofVenusislinedwithlongriverlines,somehundredsofkilometerslong.Buttheselinesseemtobecausedbylava,notwater.

Therearenosignsofanancientocean,ormountainswashedawaybywater.OneastronomersaysVenusistoohot,Mercuryistoocold,andEarthisjustrightforwater.

13.單選題

Leavesthatfallfromtreeseventually（

）andturnintosoil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contract

B.decay

C.fade

D.wither

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contract“合同，婚約”;decay“腐爛，腐朽”;fade“淡出”；wither“凋謝，衰弱”。句意：樹葉終將從樹上飄落，腐爛后化作泥土。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

Manypartsofanaircraftare______together.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reshuffled

B.repulsed

C.reverted

D.riveted

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reshuffled進(jìn)行崗位調(diào)整；更改職責(zé)配置B.repulsed拒絕；驅(qū)逐

C.reverted回復(fù)；歸還D.riveted吸引??；用鉚釘固定住

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息partsofanaircraft（飛機(jī)的零件）和關(guān)鍵詞together（一起）可知，空格處填入“組裝，固定”符合句子意思，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】飛機(jī)的許多部件是用鉚釘鉚接在一起的。

15.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthem