考研考博-英語-中國石油大學(xué)勝利學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國石油大學(xué)勝利學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan____tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)resort“（~to訴諸；求助于）”；B選項(xiàng)grant“（指正式地或法律上）同意，準(zhǔn)許；（勉強(qiáng)）同意”；C選項(xiàng)afford“負(fù)擔(dān)得起；承擔(dān)得起（后果）”；D選項(xiàng)entitle“使享有權(quán)利，使符合資格，常用被動(dòng)”。句意：他的論點(diǎn)并不是說人類可以____浪費(fèi)在利用這些自然資源時(shí)。原文從句不是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，可排除D選項(xiàng)；且原文從句主語是人類，B選項(xiàng)grant在使用時(shí)也應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，排除；A選項(xiàng)后面通常是某種方式后手段，而本句空格后是“浪費(fèi)”，不符合，排除；C選項(xiàng)代入，“他的論點(diǎn)并不是說人類承擔(dān)得起在利用這些自然資源時(shí)浪費(fèi)的后果”，符合語境。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

2.單選題

Ithinkwecan（）withtheusualformalitiessinceweallknoweachotheralready.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispose

B.dispatch

C.dispense

D.discharge

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了同形詞辨析。dispose“處理；處置”；dispatch“派遣”；dispense“分配”；discharge“免除”，這里要表達(dá)的意思是省去、免除客套的東西，所以應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞discharge，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。句意為：既然我們?cè)缇鸵呀?jīng)彼此認(rèn)識(shí)了，所以我覺得我們可以免去那些客套話。

3.翻譯題

Scientistsaresearchingforwaystodestroynuclearweaponsinspace-tomakenuclearweaponspowerlessandnolongeruseful.Thishasbecomeknownas"StarWars".(1).SupportersoftheStarWardefensesystemhopethatthiswouldnotonlyprotectanationagainstanactualnuclearattack,butwouldbeenoughofathreattokeepanuclearwarfromeverhappening.

(2).OpponentsofStarWarsareworriedthatsuchasystemmightintroducenuclearweaponsintoouterspaceandmightnotcompletelyprotectthenationagainstattack.Somemissilesmight"leakthrough"theStarWarsdefenses.Orthecomputersthatrunthesystemmightnotworkproperly.Suchadefensesystem,theysay,mightalsobeusedtoattackothers.Anditmightnotstopthebuildupofground-basednuclearweapons.

Hopefully,anuclearwarwillneverbegin.But,insuchanevent,couldpeoplereallyprotectthemselves?SupportersofStarWarsbelievethatlaserweaponsarethekeytodefense.(3).Butcanlaserbeamsbedevelopedinsuchawaytodestroyattackingmissilesinspace?Lasersarenotnew.Theyhavebeenaroundforover25years.Theyinvolvethefollowingprocess:(4).Atomsofcertainsubstancesarestimulated,orexcited,byaburstofenergyfromoutside.Theexcitedatomsthenproducewavesoflight.Theselightwavestravelupanddownalaserrodandexcite,orstimulate,otheratoms.Whenaparticularenergylevelisreached,thelaserrodproducesastrong,narrowbeamofradiation.Mostlasersgiveoffvisiblelight,buttheycanbebuilttoproduceheatradiationorevenX-rayradiation.

Becauseoftheintensityandnarrownessoftheirbeams,laserscanbeputtothousandsofuses.Laserbeamshavebeenbouncedoffthemoon.Theycancutthroughdiamondorsteel.Theyareusedbydoctorsfordelicatesurgery-suchasrepairingdamagedeyes.Andlasersarealsousedasweapons.(5).Theycangiveartilleryanaccuracyassharpasthepointofapin.Theycanalso"blind"electronicsystemsinplanes,tanksandships.Thismeansthatthoseelectronicsystemscannolongereffectivelyfindanddestroytheirtargets.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】1.星球大戰(zhàn)防御系統(tǒng)的支持者希望這不僅能使一個(gè)國家免受真正的核攻擊,而且還足以形成一種威懾,使得核戰(zhàn)爭永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)發(fā)生。

2.星球大戰(zhàn)計(jì)劃的反對(duì)者則擔(dān)心此系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)將核武器引進(jìn)外太空,而且可能也不能完全保護(hù)該國家免受核武器的攻擊。

3.但是,能以這種方式把激光束發(fā)展到可以摧毀太空中的攻擊導(dǎo)彈嗎？

4.特定物質(zhì)的原子受到外界爆發(fā)的能量的刺激或激發(fā)。然后,這些被激發(fā)的原子就產(chǎn)生光波。

5.它們可以使大炮的誤差精確到大頭針針尖的大小。它們也可以使飛機(jī)、坦克和軍艦上的電子系統(tǒng)處于"失明"狀態(tài)。

4.單選題

Hisfamilytriedto___intothewhiteandHispaniccommunities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.melt

B.assimilate

C.involve

D.weaver

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.melt融化B.assimilate吸收；使同化

C.involve包含；牽涉D.weaver織布工；編織工

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】assimilateinto表示（使）逐漸混合于（某一更大的群體）。句中whiteandHispaniccommunities指的是白人和西班牙裔社區(qū)，是一個(gè)大群體。B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的家人試圖融入白人和西班牙裔社區(qū)。

5.單選題

Youhavetohaveyourlibrarycardwithyouifyouwanttoborrowbooks,______?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haven’tyou

B.willyou

C.mustn’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】D

【解析】考查附加疑問句。附加疑問句，即反意疑問句，指在陳述句后面對(duì)陳述句所敘述的事實(shí)提出的疑問。這個(gè)句子的陳述部分用的動(dòng)詞是haveto，表示肯定，且是一個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，所以反意疑問句應(yīng)該使用助動(dòng)詞do的否定，D項(xiàng)符合。A選項(xiàng)存在的前提是前面的陳述句里用了助動(dòng)詞have，如：Youhavedoneit,haven’tyou?但是這個(gè)句子里面的haveto是一個(gè)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)同理，都需要陳述句里有will或must才正確。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

TeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.

Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,FlA.dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.

“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.

Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.

Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAInC.paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.

LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.

LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.

AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.

Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1,50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized"content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.

Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.

SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,FlA.leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.

Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.

MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks―payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone’semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.

AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.

Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInC.forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.

KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,LA.discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.

Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.

Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.

“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”

1.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

2.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere（）.

3.Whyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?

4.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?

5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto（）.

6.WhatdoesTurkerNationdo?

7.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?

8.Whatisprobablythetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.

B.Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.

C.AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.

D.Peopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreely

B.professionalsandadvisershelpothersforfree

C.peoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpert

D.clientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.

B.BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.

C.BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.

D.BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.$3to$3.5.

B.$10.

C.$6.5to$7.

D.$5.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph

B.serveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed

C.helpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase

D.findsomeone’semailaddress

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

B.Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.

C.Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.

D.Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.

B.Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

C.TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.

D.Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.ExpertsonLine

B.SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCash

C.SuccessinRecessionTime

D.PromisingOnlineEconomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講的是各領(lǐng)域的收費(fèi)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站興起，使得越來越多的專業(yè)人士通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)賺錢。故B項(xiàng)“越來越多的人利用他們的專業(yè)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上賺錢”比較符合文章大意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出：Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.（埃斯特斯申請(qǐng)成為LivePersonInc.的一名“專家”，這是一家客戶付費(fèi)與各領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)人士和顧問在線聊天的網(wǎng)站）。因此D項(xiàng)“客戶為與專業(yè)人士的在線交流時(shí)間而付費(fèi)”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出：Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.（隨著人們不斷轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)找工作，鍵盤勞動(dòng)力網(wǎng)站越來越受歡迎）。因此B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楦嗟娜嗽诰W(wǎng)上找工作”正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第七段指出：Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%（網(wǎng)站收取30%到35%的傭金）。由此可算出，如果客戶支付10美元，網(wǎng)站抽取傭金3—3.5美元，專家將獲得6.5—7美元，故選C。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第十五段指出：Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.（亞馬遜土耳其機(jī)器人的副總裁SharonChiarella說：這個(gè)網(wǎng)站——為一個(gè)18世紀(jì)的噱頭命名，涉及一個(gè)包著頭巾的會(huì)下國際象棋的“機(jī)器”，里而隱藏著一個(gè)真正的國際象棋大師——一開始是作為一種幫助亞馬遜管理其產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法）。因此C項(xiàng)“幫助亞馬遜管理其產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)庫”正確。

6.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第四段指出：MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.（MechanicalTurk用戶有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的網(wǎng)站叫土耳其國家（），該網(wǎng)站評(píng)估索求的公司和支付任務(wù)，這樣員工可以在接受任務(wù)之前檢查公司的記錄）。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出：Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.（克努森女士現(xiàn)在花大部分的時(shí)間為客戶轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)音頻和視頻，一周工作30個(gè)小時(shí)賺取約250美元）。因此，C項(xiàng)“為客戶轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)音頻和視頻”正確。

8.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講的是各領(lǐng)域的收費(fèi)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站興起，使得越來越多的專業(yè)人士通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)賺錢。因此，A項(xiàng)“在線專家”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

7.單選題

Youmayput（）onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fat

B.grease

C.oil

D.cream

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，潤滑油”；oil“石油，油畫材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根據(jù)句意可知，涂在輪子上的應(yīng)該是潤滑油，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.單選題

Thepolicedecidedto（）thedepartmentstoreaftertheyhadreceivedabombwarning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evict

B.expel

C.abandon

D.evacuate

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了動(dòng)詞辨析。evict“驅(qū)逐”；expel“驅(qū)散；趕走”；abandon“放棄”；evacuate“撤離；疏散”，根據(jù)bombwarning（爆炸警報(bào)）可知警察會(huì)疏散、撤離人員，所以此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞evacuate，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

9.單選題

Asisknowntoall,avaguelawisalways（）todifferentinterpretations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invulnerable

B.immune

C.resistant

D.susceptible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。invulnerable“不會(huì)受傷害的，無懈可擊的”；immune“免疫的”；resistant“抵抗的，有抵抗力的”；susceptible“容許……的；易受影響的”。句意：眾所周知，一條含糊不清的法規(guī)總允許有不同的解釋。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Thepsychologistcitedseveralinstancesofinsubordinatebehavior.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neglected

B.worried

C.mentioned

D.reduced

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：心理學(xué)家……幾個(gè)不服從行為的例子。cite指的是引用，列舉。A選項(xiàng)neglect“忽略，忽視”；B選項(xiàng)worry“擔(dān)心”；C選項(xiàng)mention“提及，談到”；D選項(xiàng)reduce“減少，縮小”。選項(xiàng)C代入后最符合語境。

11.單選題

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan（）moreinlesstime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:complement“補(bǔ)足”；B:implement“實(shí)施”；C:;compliment“恭維”；D:accomplish“完成”。句意：通過調(diào)整你的心理狀態(tài)，你能在更短的時(shí)間里完成更多任務(wù)。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

12.單選題

Hisfriendlinessandhelpfulnessare（）thatmakeeveryonelikeshim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.principled

B.attributes

C.functions

D.regimens

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的友好和樂于助人是很起作用的，大家都喜歡他。A選項(xiàng)為“有原則的，有操守的”；B選項(xiàng)為“歸因，屬性”；C選項(xiàng)為“起作用”；D選項(xiàng)為“養(yǎng)生法養(yǎng)生之道”。根據(jù)原句語義邏輯可知，C項(xiàng)與friendliness和helpfulness搭配更恰當(dāng)，更符合句意。

13.單選題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(類固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段主要說明了什么是肥胖及什么導(dǎo)致了肥胖，第二段至第五段討論了肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致的各種健康問題，最后一段說明了減肥失敗的原因。因此D項(xiàng)“肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多嚴(yán)重的健康問題”符合文章大意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:肥胖通常與類固醇等藥物有關(guān)。第一段贊成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（類固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少數(shù)情況下，肥胖是由甲狀腺功能減退等疾病或服用能導(dǎo)致體重增加的如類固醇藥物造成的）。因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不會(huì)影響一個(gè)人得癌癥的幾率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型的正常體重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定義為脂肪的積累超過了就一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型而言被認(rèn)為是正常的水平）。因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖已經(jīng)不再是一個(gè)問題了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾?。?。因此D項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。本題選C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（節(jié)食并不能教會(huì)人們?nèi)绾握_飲食。他們只是暫時(shí)限制食物攝入，所以當(dāng)飲食結(jié)束時(shí)，體重又會(huì)恢復(fù)增長）。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:對(duì)老年人來說，減肥是不明智的。B:有些手術(shù)減肥方法比節(jié)食減肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要減掉多余的體重。D:肥胖的人應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利與弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重帶來的危險(xiǎn)更大。一些研究人員反駁說，超重每年間接導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡。由此推斷，是否應(yīng)減肥還應(yīng)向醫(yī)生咨詢，故選D。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:肥胖不是一個(gè)主要的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章提及很多肥胖導(dǎo)致的健康問題，因此A項(xiàng)并不能被推斷出。B:科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為肥胖和死亡之間存在聯(lián)系。第五段有指出：關(guān)于肥胖與死亡的關(guān)系，有很多不同觀點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)也不能被推斷出。C:胖人有可能受到他人對(duì)自己的偏見。D:肥胖的人經(jīng)常把自己的狀況歸咎于別人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被與懶惰、失敗或意志力不足聯(lián)系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人責(zé)怪他們自己太重，從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和沮喪的感覺。由此推斷，C項(xiàng)正確，D項(xiàng)不正確。本題選C。

14.問答題

Thetroubleis,asIseeit(A),thatheisaperfectionistinhisway(B),andhesaysthat(C)liewillnothavechildrenwhen(D)theycanafforditfinancially.

【答案】試題答案：D;until

【解析】考查固定句型。not...until意為“直到……才”，因此將when改為until。

15.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritemayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’'sbiography—-notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionbeheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknessestothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"“authorized”"bythesubject;thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."“Unauthorized”"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiogr