考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京政法職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京政法職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational（

）areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.requirement

B.dominance

C.prerequisite

D.priority

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)requirement“所需的東西，必要條件”；B選項(xiàng)dominance“支配，控制”；C選項(xiàng)prerequisite“先決條件，前提”；D選項(xiàng)priority“優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，首要事情，優(yōu)先”。由Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational_______areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.（大多數(shù)國(guó)家強(qiáng)調(diào)消除暴力，特別是家庭暴力，作為國(guó)家犯罪預(yù)防政策的______領(lǐng)域）可知D選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：大多數(shù)國(guó)家強(qiáng)調(diào)消除暴力，特別是家庭暴力，作為國(guó)家犯罪預(yù)防政策的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域。

2.單選題

GeorgeWashington（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alwayswillandalwayshasbeenanAmericanhero

B.alwayshasandalwayswillanAmericanhero

C.alwayshasandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

D.alwayshasbeenandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero

【答案】D

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的用法。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中，如果謂語(yǔ)中有名詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，此時(shí)要借助been來(lái)一起組成其謂語(yǔ)成分，即have/hasbeen+名詞短語(yǔ)；在一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中有名詞短語(yǔ)，此時(shí)要借助be來(lái)一起組成其謂語(yǔ)成分，即be+名詞短語(yǔ)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。句意：GeorgeWashington一直都是一位美國(guó)英雄，并將永遠(yuǎn)是。

3.單選題

Itwasashrewdmove____tobuythehousejustbeforepropertypricesstartedtorise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onherpart

B.athand

C.atherexpense

D.onrecord

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.onherpart在她那方面B.athand在附近；在手邊

C.atherexpense由她付錢(qián)D.onrecord記錄在案的；公開(kāi)發(fā)表的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“這是一個(gè)精明的舉動(dòng)”，空格處所填短語(yǔ)修飾的是這句話；原句中it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式“在房?jī)r(jià)剛開(kāi)始上漲時(shí)就買(mǎi)這所房子”這個(gè)舉動(dòng)。A選項(xiàng)onherpart“在她那方面”符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接，即從她的角度來(lái)看，這是一個(gè)精明的舉動(dòng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)athand“在附近；在手邊”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)atherexpense“由她付錢(qián)”，修飾的是“買(mǎi)房子”，應(yīng)置于tobuythehouse的后面，而題干空格處位于tobuythehouse之前；

D選項(xiàng)onrecord“記錄在案的；公開(kāi)發(fā)表的”，不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】她在房?jī)r(jià)剛開(kāi)始上漲時(shí)就買(mǎi)了這所房子，真是精明之舉。

4.單選題

Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa(n)________infemalebreadwinners.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.increase

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。由前后得知空白處需要填一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞。作名詞時(shí)，raise“提高，升”，表示某事物升了級(jí)別；rise“上升，增加”通常指數(shù)量增加或水平提高，為不可數(shù)名詞；arise沒(méi)有名詞用法；increase“增加，增加額”，指大小和強(qiáng)度增加。句意：新的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，因?yàn)榧彝ブ袙赍X(qián)女性人數(shù)的增加，去年全職爸爸的數(shù)量達(dá)到了歷史新高。因此只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Inanenvironmentallyconscioustweakonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable,growingnumbersofpeopleareskippingoutongrocerystoresandevenfarmersmarketsandinsteadgoingrighttothesourcebybuyingsharesoffarms.

Ononeofthefarms,hereabout35mileswestofChicago,SteveTriskowasweedingbeetstheotherdayandcuttingbackashadetreesobabytomatoescouldgetsunlight.Mr.Triskoisaretiredcomputerconsultantwhoownssharesinthefour-acreErehwonFarm.

“Wedecidedthatit’sinourinteresttohaveasmallfarmsucceed,andhavethembeabletohaveasustainablefarmproducinggoodfood,”Mr.Triskosaid.

PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.About150peoplehaveboughtsharesinErehwon—inessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.

TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.Therewerefewerthan100suchfarmsintheearly1990s,butinthelastseveralyearsthenumbershavegrowntocloseto1,500,accordingtoacademicexpertswhohavefollowedthetrend.

“Ithinkpeoplearebecomingmorelocal-minded,andthisfitsrightintothat,”saidNicholeD.Nazelrod,programcoordinatorattheFultonCenterforSustainableLivingatWilsonCollegeinChambersburg,Pa.,anationalclearinghouseforcommunity-supportedfarms.“Peopleareseeingwaystocometogetherandworktogethertomakethissuccessful.”

TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.Arrangementsoffresh-cutblossomstwiceamonthcanbeincludedforanextra$120—orforthedeluxepackage,$220will“feedthesoul”withweeklybouquetsofliliesandsunflowersandotherlocalblooms.

Shareholdersarenotrequiredtoworkthefields,buttheycaniftheywant,andmanydo.Mr.Triskosaidhisfamilyknowsthatwithouthisvolunteerlaborandagreementtoshareinthefinancialriskofraisingcrops,thesmallorganicfarmmightnotsurvive.“It’sveryhardforthemtomakeendsmeet,”hesaid,“soIdecidedtogooutandhelp.Weharvest,water,pullweeds,whatevertheyneeddoing.”

Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward—startedwithtwoshareholders,reacheditsgoalof140lastyear,andnowhasraiseditstargettoabout200members.

1.Accordingtothepassage,growingnumbersofpeoplebuysharesoffarmsbecausethey（）.

2.ErehwonFarmdiffersfromthetraditionalfarmsinthatitis（）.

3.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatcommunity-sponsoredfarm（）.

4.TheaverageshareholdersofErehwonFarmareentitledto（）.

5.ItisimpliedthatErehwonFarm（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areconsciousofenvironmentalproblems

B.abandonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable

C.nolongerdependongrocerystoresandfarmersmarkets

D.liketogrowvegetablesthemselvesinthesuburbanfarms

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.verysmall

B.veryefficient

C.community-supportedagriculture

D.sharedbypeoplefromdifferentplaces

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isanewconceptemergingintheU.S.A

B.hastocombatwithsmall-scalefarming

C.isgraduallytakingshapeinAmericanagriculture

D.isverypopularasboomingagricultureintheU.S.A

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.cometogetherandworktogetheronthefarm

B.getaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetables

C.enjoypackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900

D.buy$120-$220fresh-cutblossomstwiceamonth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.comesfromthebackwardspelledword“nowhere”

B.isafictionalnameandthereisnosuchafarmintheU.S.A

C.it’sveryhardtosurviveowingtoitssmallsize

D.developssoundly,inspiteofitsfinancialdifficulties

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一自然段的內(nèi)容“環(huán)保意識(shí)改變了將食物端上桌的傳統(tǒng)方式，相反，越來(lái)越多的人轉(zhuǎn)向了雜貨店甚至農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)，通過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的股份來(lái)直接獲取來(lái)源?！庇纱丝芍?，越來(lái)越多的人買(mǎi)農(nóng)場(chǎng)股份是受到環(huán)保意識(shí)的影響，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.Erehwon是松散卻不斷壯大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分，主要通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)動(dòng)員起來(lái)，他參與的是所謂的社區(qū)支持農(nóng)業(yè)?！币约氨径巫詈笠痪洹癷nessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)，就是雇傭私人農(nóng)場(chǎng)主，顛覆舊的佃農(nóng)制度?！庇纱丝芍珽rehwon農(nóng)場(chǎng)和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的不同之處在于它是社區(qū)支持的農(nóng)業(yè)，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第五段第一句“TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.這一概念是在20世紀(jì)80年代從歐洲和亞洲引進(jìn)的，作為一種替代性的銷(xiāo)售和籌資安排，來(lái)幫助克服小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)通常高昂的費(fèi)用?！庇纱丝芍@不是一個(gè)新的概念，而且是來(lái)幫助而不是來(lái)和小規(guī)模農(nóng)場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，所以選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B均表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)本段第二句“Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.但直到最近，它才慢慢生根發(fā)芽”可知，這一概念剛剛生根發(fā)芽，還沒(méi)有初步成形，所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)本段最后一句的內(nèi)容可知，像Erehwon這樣的農(nóng)場(chǎng)由以前的不到100家到現(xiàn)在增長(zhǎng)到接近1500家，說(shuō)明社區(qū)支持的農(nóng)業(yè)在美國(guó)蓬勃發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)非常受歡迎。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第一句“TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.ErehwonFarm的股東可以自由使用土地，并保證獲得當(dāng)季水果和蔬菜收成的一定比例，金額從300美元到900美元不等。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。選項(xiàng)A目前還沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)；選項(xiàng)C曲解了原文的意思；選項(xiàng)D不是普通股東享有的權(quán)利，所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward…Erehwon這個(gè)詞是由‘nowhere’倒著寫(xiě)的”，由此可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。選項(xiàng)B在文中沒(méi)有信息提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，Erehwon農(nóng)場(chǎng)不是由于規(guī)模小而無(wú)法生存，屬于曲解原文句意，所以選項(xiàng)C不正確；原文也沒(méi)有提及財(cái)政問(wèn)題，所以選項(xiàng)D也不正確。

6.翻譯題

一九七八年，我們黨召開(kāi)具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會(huì)，開(kāi)啟了改革開(kāi)放歷史新時(shí)期。從那時(shí)以來(lái)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨人和中國(guó)人民以一往無(wú)前的進(jìn)取精神和波瀾壯闊的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐，譜寫(xiě)了中華民族自強(qiáng)不息、頑強(qiáng)奮進(jìn)新的壯麗史詩(shī)，中國(guó)人民的面貌、社會(huì)主義中國(guó)的面貌、中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。改革開(kāi)放是黨在新的時(shí)代條件下帶領(lǐng)人民進(jìn)行的新的偉大革命，目的就是要解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力，實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化，讓中國(guó)人民富裕起來(lái)，振興偉大的中華民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

7.單選題

Itisa（）_truththatmanistheonlyanimalthathasthepowertospeakandreason.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.corporate

B.virtual

C.universal

D.indefinite

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)corporate“法人的，共同的”。B選項(xiàng)virtual“虛擬的”。C選項(xiàng)universal“普遍的，全世界的”。D選項(xiàng)indefinite“不確定的，無(wú)限的”。句意：人類(lèi)是唯一具有說(shuō)話和推理能力的動(dòng)物，這是一個(gè)公認(rèn)的事實(shí)。本句表示“人類(lèi)是僅有的具有說(shuō)話和推理能力的動(dòng)物，這是一個(gè)普遍公認(rèn)的事實(shí)?！币虼薈選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

9.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Quitsmoking.

B.Gojoggingeverymorning.

C.Workoutinthegym.

D.Goonadiet.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whydon’tyoutrysmokingonecigarettelesseachday,aswellasgoingjoggingeverymorning?

M:Goodidea,butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice.I’msuretrainersatthegymwouldbeabletogivememoreprofessionaladvice.

W:Thatsoundsgood.Thereisonenearmycompany.Iamitsregularmember.

M:Really?Iwillgointohavealook.

Q:Whatisthemanmostlikelytodo?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說(shuō)：butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice（但我不想在街上慢跑，跑步機(jī)可能是更好的選擇），后來(lái)決定去健身房找專(zhuān)業(yè)人士咨詢。

9.單選題

Theyarewell（）witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identified

B.recognized

C.acquainted

D.acknowledged

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持；與……有密切相關(guān)”；recognize表示“承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可”，常與as構(gòu)成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被認(rèn)為，被當(dāng)作”，有時(shí)也與with構(gòu)成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被識(shí)別出，被承認(rèn)”；beacquaintedwith表示“了解；知曉（某事）；熟悉”，beacknowledgedwith表示“被承認(rèn)，被認(rèn)可”。根據(jù)句意可知，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)?jīng)在同所大學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)，所以彼此很熟悉。此時(shí)since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，因此，只有C項(xiàng)最符合固定搭配以及句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Thepublicisvery（

）aboutthegovernment’splansforataxcut.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.susceptible

B.dubious

C.suspicious

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】意:公眾不太相信政府的減稅計(jì)劃。

形容詞辨析。Susceptible易受影響的;dubious可疑的，懷疑的,后接about;suspicious可疑的，多疑的,后接of;deliberate故意的。因此無(wú)論從句意還是從搭配上,B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

AbustookhimtotheWestEnd,where,amongthecrazycoloredfountainsofillumination,shatteringtheblueduskwithgreenandcrimsonfire,hefoundthecaféofhischoice,atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots,behindthethousandwaitressesandcash-boxgirlsandblack-coatedfloormanagersandtemperamentallong-hairedviolinists,behindthemoundsofcauldronsofstewedsteak,thevanloadsofices,wereafewmenwhowenttoworkjugglingwithfractionsofafarming,whoknewhowmanyunitsofelectricityittooktofinishasteak-and-kidneypuddingandhowmanyminutesandsecondsawaitress(fivefeetfourinheightandinaveragehealth)wouldneedtocarryatrayofgivenweightfromthekitchenlifetothetableinthefarcomer.Inshort,therewasawarm,sensuous,vulgarlifefloweringintheupperstoreys,andacoldscienceworkinginthebasement.Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.

Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor,whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls,scentedair,thesensuousclamorofthestrings;and,ashestoodhesitatingamoment,halfdazed,therecame,bowing,asleekgraveman,olderthanhewasandfarmoredistinguishedthanhecouldeverhopetobe,whomurmureddeferentially:“Forone,sir?Thisway,please,”Shyly,yetproudly,Turgisfollowedhim.

1.That“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”suggeststhat（）.

2.Thefollowingwordsorphrasesaresomewhatcriticalofthetea-shopEXCEPT（）.

3.Initscontextthestatementthat“theplacewasbuiltforhim”meansthatthecaféwasintendedto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondparagraphisNOTtrue?

5.ThefollowingarecomparisonsmadebytheauthorinthesecondparagraphEXCEPTthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modernrealisticcommercialismexistedbehindtheluxuriousappearance

B.therewasafundamentalfalsenessinthestyleandtheappealofthecafé

C.thearchitecthadmadeasensibleblendofoldandnewbuildingmaterials

D.thecaféwasbasedonphysicalfoundationsandrealeconomicstrength

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.“...turnedBabylonian”

B.“perhapsanewbarbarism”

C.“acresofwhitenapery”

D.“balancedtothelasthalfpenny”

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.pleasesimplepeopleinasimpleway

B.exploitgulliblepeoplelikehim

C.satisfyademandthatalreadyexisted

D.providerelaxationfortiredyoungmen

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thecaféappealedtomostsensessimultaneously.

B.Thecaféwasbothfullofpeopleandfullofwarmth.

C.Theinsideofthecaféwascontrastedwiththeweatheroutside.

D.Itstressedthecommercialdeterminationofthecaféowners.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theentrancehalliscomparedtoarailwaystation

B.theorchestraiscomparedtoamagnet

C.Turgiswelcomedtheliftlikeaconqueringsoldier

D.theinteriorofthecaféiscomparedtowarmcountries

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干：“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”，代表著_________。由引號(hào)部分的內(nèi)容，可以定位到文章第一段第三句話Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas，theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization，perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.（它像城堡一樣高聳于其他建筑之上，確實(shí)是一個(gè)新時(shí)代的前哨，也許是一種新的文明，也許是一種新的野蠻；在薄大理石的后面是混凝土和鋼鐵，就像在奢侈的背后是數(shù)百萬(wàn)便士，平衡到最后的半便士。）。根據(jù)上下文，it指代的是上文的awhitepalace.“justas”引導(dǎo)一個(gè)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，把“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”與“behindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny”進(jìn)行比較。采用了象征的手法，“thinmarblefront”象征著外貌浮華，實(shí)則脆弱，“concreteandsteel”，象征著本質(zhì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，與商業(yè)無(wú)差。所以我們可以得出選項(xiàng)A“奢華外表的背后是現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的商業(yè)主義”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“咖啡館的風(fēng)格和魅力存在一個(gè)基本的虛偽”和D選項(xiàng)“咖啡館是基于物理基礎(chǔ)和真實(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力”，都是在說(shuō)咖啡館的特征，故不符合題意。C選項(xiàng)“建筑師將新舊建筑材料合理地混合在一起”，此處不是在講建筑材料，而是通過(guò)建筑材料引申出更深刻的含義，故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。題干：以下單詞除了______，都是在批判茶館。A選項(xiàng)的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.（一家已經(jīng)瘋了，變了樣的茶館。巴比倫，一座有萬(wàn)盞燈的白色宮殿），Babylonian用于限定茶館，是一處用典，表示罪惡的、富麗的與critical意義一致，故排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第三句話Ittoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;（它像城堡一樣高聳于其他建筑之上，確實(shí)是一個(gè)新時(shí)代的前哨，也許是一種新的文明，也許是一種新的野蠻），此處barbarism和civilization是對(duì)比關(guān)系，僅表達(dá)中性價(jià)值，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)的單詞定位到文章第一段第四句Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots（在背后的某個(gè)地方，隱藏在萬(wàn)盞燈、大片的白色桌布和一排排令人眼花繚亂的閃閃發(fā)光的茶壺后面），此處體現(xiàn)了鋪張浪費(fèi)，表達(dá)作者的批評(píng)，故排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第三句話justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.（就像在奢侈的背后是數(shù)百萬(wàn)便士，平衡到最后的半便士。），此處象征著奢華外表的背后是現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的商業(yè)主義，也是批判的含義，故排除。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：文中的“theplacewasbuiltforhim”意味著咖啡館的目的是________。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后兩句話Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.（比如Turgis建造的巨大的茶館，不僅僅是為了尋找茶點(diǎn)，而是為了尋找所有不熟悉的奢侈品的魅力。也許他心里知道，人類(lèi)已經(jīng)征服了半個(gè)已知的世界，掠奪了整個(gè)王國(guó)，卻從未有過(guò)這樣的奢侈。這地方是為他建造的），咖啡館的性質(zhì)是它富麗堂皇，鋪張浪費(fèi)如宮殿，商業(yè)性強(qiáng)。本文全文都是對(duì)他的批判。A選項(xiàng)“以簡(jiǎn)單的方式愉悅?cè)藗儭?，咖啡館并不簡(jiǎn)單，而是奢侈，所以A選項(xiàng)不正確。B選項(xiàng)“利用像他這樣容易上當(dāng)?shù)娜恕?，符合題目對(duì)咖啡館批判的性質(zhì)，故B選項(xiàng)符合題意。C選項(xiàng)“滿足已經(jīng)存在的需求”，和D選項(xiàng)“為疲憊的年輕人提供放松”，在文中并未提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干：以下關(guān)于第二段的陳述，不正確的是？文章第二段提到當(dāng)走到咖啡館內(nèi)部時(shí)，分別從視覺(jué)，嗅覺(jué)，聽(tīng)覺(jué)的方面描述了內(nèi)部的情景，所以A選項(xiàng)“咖啡館同時(shí)吸引了大多數(shù)感官”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“咖啡館既充滿了人，又充滿了溫暖”，第二段并沒(méi)有提及咖啡館里面有沒(méi)有人，而溫暖也是由于其奢侈的裝修帶來(lái)的視覺(jué)感受，是一種諷刺，所以B選項(xiàng)不正確。第二段第三句話Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.（整個(gè)11月，街道上的陰暗、污濁和空氣都立刻被拋在腦后，遺忘了。屋里的氣氛是金黃的、熱帶的，像是糖果店的盛夏時(shí)節(jié)。），可知，C選項(xiàng)“咖啡館的內(nèi)部與外面的天氣形成了鮮明的對(duì)比”，正確。通過(guò)第二段整個(gè)的描述，都是在說(shuō)咖啡館內(nèi)部的奢華，故D選項(xiàng)“它強(qiáng)調(diào)了咖啡館老板的商業(yè)決心”，也是正確的。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：以下是作者在第二段所做的類(lèi)比，除了_________。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句話Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.（它還為許多其他的人建造，像往常一樣，他們都在那里。這似乎是人性的表現(xiàn)。大理石門(mén)廳里堆滿了令人眼花繚亂的糖果和蛋糕，擁擠得像火車(chē)站一樣。），可知A選項(xiàng)“入口大廳被比作一個(gè)火車(chē)站”，是作者做的比較，排除A選項(xiàng)。文章第二段第五句話whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls（一個(gè)年輕的猶太小提琴家?guī)ьI(lǐng)著一支管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)，他有著明亮的眼睛，對(duì)顫音的熱情，像磁鐵一樣吸引著無(wú)數(shù)女孩），可知B選項(xiàng)“管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)被比作一塊磁鐵”，也是作者用的比喻，排除B選項(xiàng)。由文章第二段第四句話theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery（里面的氣氛是金黃色的，充滿了熱帶氣息，像是糖果店的盛夏時(shí)節(jié)），可知D選項(xiàng)“咖啡館的內(nèi)部被比作溫暖的國(guó)家”，也是作者的比喻，故排除D選項(xiàng)。由第二段第五句話Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor（Turgis對(duì)電梯不屑一顧，他再一次為這一切的景象、聲音和氣味而興奮，爬上寬大的樓梯，一直走到他最喜歡的樓層），可知B選項(xiàng)“Turgis像一名勝利的士兵一樣歡迎電梯的到來(lái)”，不正確。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Theideathathardworkwastobe______distinguishedAmericansfromEuropeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inversed

B.esteemed

C.exclaimed

D.hoarded

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)inverse“使倒轉(zhuǎn)，使顛倒”，B項(xiàng)esteem“尊敬，尊重”，C項(xiàng)exclaim“呼喊，驚叫，大聲叫嚷”，D項(xiàng)hoard“貯藏（錢(qián)財(cái)或貴重物品），（在某物匱乏時(shí)）積斂”。由Europeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure“歐洲人羨慕美國(guó)悠閑的紳士”可推理，美國(guó)人悠閑，而歐洲人重視努力工作。句意：努力工作是受人尊敬的觀念使美國(guó)人和歐洲人區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)，歐洲人羨慕他們悠閑的紳士。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Amongthe74citiesmonitoredforairqualitystandards,thelevelofPM2.5fellby11.1%（）in2014,butonly8metthenationalstandardforcleanair,theMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionsaidFriday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inconsequence

B.atallcosts

C.onaverage

D.intheextreme

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)inconsequence表示“因此，結(jié)果”，B選項(xiàng)atallcosts表示“無(wú)論如何，不惜一切代價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)onaverage表示“平均，普通，通?！保珼選項(xiàng)intheextreme表示“非常，極度”。由句意可知，在進(jìn)行空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)監(jiān)測(cè)的74個(gè)城市中，2014年P(guān)M2.5水平（）下降了11.1%，所以只有C選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原文句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Thatscientistisnottoohappywiththeproject,and（）arehersupervisors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.either

B.neither

C.so

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】句意：那位科學(xué)家對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不太滿意，她的主管也不太滿意。兩者都不用neither。

15.單選題

Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.

Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.

Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.

ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.

B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.

C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.

D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Railwayworkers.

B.Farmers.

C.Europeans.

D.Citydwellers.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.

B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.

C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.

D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要討論了什么？

A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美國(guó)鐵路的歷史。

B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美國(guó)主要的工業(yè)中心。

C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影響美國(guó)工業(yè)化的因素。

D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】第一段講了美國(guó)用以發(fā)展重工業(yè)的自然資源非常豐富（tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry），第二段講到鐵路對(duì)工業(yè)化的重要發(fā)展作用（movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads），第三段講到工業(yè)化期間出現(xiàn)了新的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式（emergingmodesofproduction），第四段講到美國(guó)工業(yè)化期間的勞動(dòng)力（Thelaborthatrant