考研考博-英語-廊坊職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廊坊職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thejetairlinerhas（）fromtheWrightbrothers,smallairplane.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.involved

B.evolved

C.devolved

D.revolved

【答案】B

【解析】本題是同形詞辨析題。involved“包含”；evolved“進(jìn)化”；devolved“移交”；revolved“旋轉(zhuǎn)”，由“噴氣客機(jī)”與“萊特兄弟發(fā)明的小型飛機(jī)”之間的關(guān)系我們可以知道萊特兄弟發(fā)明的小型飛機(jī)是噴氣客機(jī)的前身，此處應(yīng)該使用evolved這個(gè)動(dòng)詞，“evolvefrom”是“從……演變過來”的意思，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：噴氣客機(jī)是由萊特兄弟發(fā)明的小型飛機(jī)演變過來的。

2.單選題

Outof（）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】句意:純粹出于報(bào)復(fù)，他拼命詆毀她的人品，敗壞她的名譽(yù)。

考查形容詞辨析。perfect完美的，純熟的；total全部的，整個(gè)的；sheer全然的，純粹的，十足的；integral完整的，整體的。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

3.單選題

Hefoundthe（）mediaattentionintolerableanddecidedtogoabroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sufficient

B.constant

C.steady

D.plenty

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sufficient“足夠的，充分的”；constant“持續(xù)的，不變的，恒定的”；steady“穩(wěn)固的，不變的”；plenty“許多，豐富”。句意：媒體對(duì)他的不斷關(guān)注使他無法忍受，因此他決定出國(guó)。由intolerable可知B項(xiàng)正確，其他三項(xiàng)都為褒義詞，不符合語境。

4.翻譯題

Wehaveinheritedaworldofrelativeabundance,onewherewecanstillforthemostpartmeetourneeds.Wecanbethankfulforthewisdomofourforebears,whoevidentlytooktheirresponsibilityforthefutureseriously.Yet,imagineaworldwithouttheamazingdiversityofspeciesfromwhichwenowbenefit,aworldwithoutdecentsoiltofarm,airtobreathe,orwatertodrink.Suchaworldisonethatanygenerationcouldinheritifitspredecessordidnotfindwisdominitsresponsibilitytothefuture.

Whatwearetodaydependstoagreatextentuponhowwehavebeenformedbythegenerationsthathaveprecededus.Whenwelooktofuturegenerations,ourpositiontowardthemisanalogoustothepositionofpastgenerationstowardus.Wearethedataoutofwhichthefuturewillbeformed.Whatweareanddotodaywilllimitorcreatetheiroptions,andinthiswayweprofoundlyhelptoshapetheirdestiny.Whatkindofworldweleavetothefutureisessentiallyaquestionofmoralresponsibility.

【答案】【參考譯文】我們繼承了一個(gè)相對(duì)富饒的世界，在這個(gè)世界里，我們?nèi)阅茉诤艽蟪潭壬蠞M足自己的需求。我們應(yīng)該感謝我們祖先的智慧，他們顯然認(rèn)真地承擔(dān)了他們對(duì)未來的責(zé)任。然而，想象一個(gè)沒有我們現(xiàn)在受益的驚人物種多樣性的世界，一個(gè)沒有像樣的土壤可以耕種、沒有空氣可以呼吸、沒有水可以飲用的世界，那么在這樣的世界中，如果前輩們沒有從對(duì)未來的責(zé)任中發(fā)現(xiàn)智慧，任何一代人都能對(duì)其進(jìn)行繼承。

我們今天是什么樣子，在很大程度上取決于我們的前輩如何塑造我們。當(dāng)我們對(duì)將來的幾代人負(fù)責(zé)時(shí)，我們對(duì)他們的態(tài)度就類似于過去幾代人對(duì)我們的態(tài)度。我們是構(gòu)成未來的“數(shù)據(jù)”。我們今天的狀況和所作所為將會(huì)限制或塑造他們的選擇，而通過這種方式，我們?cè)谒麄兠\(yùn)形成的過程中具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。我們留給未來什么樣的世界，從本質(zhì)上說，是一種道德責(zé)任的問題。

5.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

南京擁有兩千四百多年建城史，是全國(guó)首批公布的歷史文化名城之一。全市有國(guó)家級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位27處，其中，明孝陵己被列為世界文化遺產(chǎn)。600多年前建成的明城墻，現(xiàn)存25.091公里，是目前世界上保存最長(zhǎng)的古城墻。南京現(xiàn)有12個(gè)項(xiàng)目被列入國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)名錄，南京云錦、金陵刻經(jīng)被列入世界非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。

農(nóng)歷八月十五是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的中秋節(jié)。八月十五恰在秋季的中間，故謂之中秋節(jié)。中秋之夜，月色皎潔，古人把圓月視為團(tuán)圓的象征。相傳我國(guó)古代帝王就有春天祭日、秋天祭月的禮制，在民間，每逢八月中秋，也有拜月或祭月的風(fēng)俗。月餅最初是用來祭奉月祌的祭品，后來人們逐漸把中秋賞月與品嘗月餅，作為家人團(tuán)圓的象征。月餅的制作從唐代以后越來越考究，精美的餅面圖案不但烘托了中秋佳節(jié)的祥和氣氛，而且也增加了節(jié)日的詩情畫意。

【答案】Nanjing,withahistoryofmorethan2,400years,isoneofthefirstreleasedbatchofthehistoricalandculturalcitiesinChina.Thereare27state-levelculturalrelicsprotectionunits,amongwhich,MingTombhasbeenlistedasaworldculturalheritage.Builtmorethan600yearsago,thewalloftheMingTomb,withanexistinglengthof25.091kilometers,isthelongestpreservedancientwallintheworld.Nanjingcurrentlyhas12projectsenlistedinthenationalintangibleculturalheritageprotectionlist,amongofwhichbothNanjingBrocadeandJinlingCarvingareselectedintoworldintangibleculturalheritagelist.

TheLunarAugust15thisthetraditionalChineseMid-AutumnFestival.ItiscalledMid-autumnFestivalbecauselunarAugust15thisjustinthemiddleoftheautumn.OnthenightoftheMid-Autumnfestival,themoonisbright.Theancientpeopleregardedthefullmoonasasymbolofreunion.Accordingtothelegend,ancientChineseemperorshadtheriteofofferingsacrificestothesuninspringandtothemooninautumn.AndeventheordinarypeoplealsohadritualsofworshipingthesunormooneveryMid-Autumnday.Mooncakeswereoriginallyofferedassacrificestoworshipthemoon.Later,peoplemadeadmiringthemoonandtastingthemooncakesasasymboloffamilyreunion.SincetheTangDynasty,theproductionofmooncakeshasbecomemoreandmoreexquisite.ThebeautifulpicturesonitnotonlyfoilthepeacefulatmosphereofMid-Autumnfestival,butalsoaddthepoeticmeaningtothefestival.

6.單選題

Investigatorsbelievethefirewascausedby（）electricalwiring.Theysaidthebuilding’swiringhadnotbeendonebyaprofessionalelectrician.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sober

B.faulty

C.prompt

D.fussy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sober“清醒的”；B選項(xiàng)faulty“錯(cuò)誤的”；C選項(xiàng)prompt“敏捷的”；D選項(xiàng)fussy“愛挑剔的”。句意：調(diào)查人員認(rèn)為火災(zāi)是由錯(cuò)誤的電線引起的。他們說，大樓的布線不是由專業(yè)電工完成的。本句表示錯(cuò)誤的電線布線。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thechildren'smercurialnatureswereinsharpcontrasttotheeven-tempereddispositionsoftheirparents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artless

B.volatile

C.blithe

D.graceful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：孩子們反復(fù)無常的性格和他們父母平和的性格形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。A選項(xiàng)artless“天真的，樸實(shí)的”；B選項(xiàng)volatile“不穩(wěn)定的，反復(fù)無常的”；C選項(xiàng)blithe“愉快的”；D選項(xiàng)graceful“優(yōu)雅的，優(yōu)美的”。根據(jù)句意可知，mercurial應(yīng)該是和even-tempered意思相反，mercurial意為“活潑善變的”，選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近，代入符合語境。

8.單選題

Bigcitestodayareconfrontedwithveryseriousproblems.Transportisa（1）difficulty:someplannersbelievein（2）transportsystem;othersbelieveinmakingitpossibleforcitizenstomove（3）inprivatecars.Thereareseveralwaysof（4）apublictransportsystem.Sometimesitisbuiltundertheground,sometimesitisonthe（5）,andsometimesitisevenabovegroundlevel,（6）inpartsofNewYorkandmorecrimeandTokyoforexample.Inmostcases,ofcourse,itisa（7）ofsomeoralloftheseelements.

The（8）ofthecitycentershasalsobeenaprobleminthelast30years.Theheartsofmanycitieshavebecomepoorerandpoorer,（9）moreandmorecrimeandviolence,（10

）thepeoplewhocanaffordtohavemovedouttothe（11）.Thisistheoppositeofthesituation100yearsago,（12）wealthypeoplelivedinthecenter,andthepoorlived（13

）theoutskirtsofthecity.

Ecologicalproblemsalso（14）,asfactoriesandcarspollutetheair,treearecutdowntomake（15

）forurbanclearways,andcrowdedconditionscausegarbageto（16

）inthestreets.

Inordertosolvetheseproblems,someplannersbelieveweshouldlimitthesizeofourcities,perhapsbyrestrictingpopulation,orperhapsbyoffering（17）jobsintheprovinces.Othersbelievethatcitiescannotbelimitedinsizeandthattheproblemsmustbesolvedina（18）ofways—bycreatinggreenareas,building（19

）housesforeverybody,stoppingfactorypollution,（20

）motortransport,andsoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.minor

B.major

C.little

D.small

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mass

B.mess

C.massy

D.messy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.outside

B.through

C.across

D.about

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.settingup

B.makingup

C.takingup

D.buildingup

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.field

B.earth

C.surface

D.soil

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.as

C.same

D.similar

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.cooperation

B.imitation

C.separation

D.combination

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.decline

C.reduction

D.release

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.being

C.with

D.against

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.though

C.because

D.even

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.suburbs

B.downtowns

C.countrysides

D.rural

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.what

C.when

D.why

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.by

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.arise

B.rise

C.arouse

D.raise

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.place

B.path

C.road

D.way

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.compose

B.present

C.accumulate

D.dispose

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.attractive

C.competitive

D.secure

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.variable

C.variety

D.varying

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.decent

B.fundamental

C.delicate

D.eternal

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.developing

B.forbidding

C.reforming

D.eliminating

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】1.結(jié)合上下文：現(xiàn)在的大城市正面臨著許多嚴(yán)重的問題，而交通則是一個(gè)最主要的難題。選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。

2.固定搭配。masstransportsystem指"公共交通體系"。本句意思：有些規(guī)劃者相信公共交通體系可以解決這一問題。

3.moveout?side"外遷";movethrough"跨過";moveacross"跨過";moveabout"走來走去"。根據(jù)句意：另外一些人相信公民可以駕駛私家汽車出行。

4.setup"建立";makeup"組成,編造";takeup"拿起,占據(jù)",buildup"增進(jìn),增強(qiáng)"。這里指建立公共交通系統(tǒng)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.結(jié)合上下文可知，這里指在地面上。onthefield"在操場(chǎng)上,在田野上";ontheearth"在地面上"；onthesurface"在表面上,在外表上",onthesoil"在土壤上"。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

6.根據(jù)原文句意可知，這里是以紐約和東京的部分地區(qū)為例。下文的forexample決定了這里只能填入as，其他選項(xiàng)均不正確。

7.根據(jù)句意：大多數(shù)情況下，它們是所有這些元素的結(jié)合。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。combinationof"是...的結(jié)合",cooperation一般與with搭配，指"與...合作"。

8.根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)該指城市中心的衰退，只有選項(xiàng)B符合，其他選項(xiàng)不用來修飾citycenters。

9.這里是一個(gè)插入語，所以用with表伴隨。選項(xiàng)C正確。句意:許多市中心變得越來越貧窮,犯罪事件和暴力行為也越來越多。

10.根據(jù)填空處后面的thepeoplewhocanafford可推測(cè)，這里應(yīng)填入while表示兩種情況形成對(duì)比。

11.根據(jù)句意可推測(cè)，這里應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)和"市中心"相對(duì)的詞語。suburb"郊區(qū)";down?town"市區(qū)";countryside和rural均指"鄉(xiāng)下;農(nóng)村"。所以選項(xiàng)A更恰當(dāng)。

12.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意判斷,這里應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.固定搭配。ontheoutskirtsof為固定搭配，指"在郊區(qū)"。

14.形近詞辨析。arise"產(chǎn)生";rise"升髙,上升;站起來,起床";arouse"喚醒",通常接意識(shí),覺悟等詞;raise"提起,舉起,撫養(yǎng)"。根據(jù)句意：生態(tài)問題也隨之產(chǎn)生。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.固定搭配。makewayforsth.表示"給...讓路"。

16.根據(jù)句意,這里指垃圾在街道上聚集。accumulate"增加,聚集";compose"組成,構(gòu)成";present"出現(xiàn),出席";dispose"處理,處置"。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

17.potential"潛在的";attractive"有吸引力的";competitive"有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的";secure"牢固的,可靠的"。句意：為了解決這些問題，一些規(guī)劃者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該限制城市的規(guī)模，比如限制人口，在地方提供有吸引力的工作。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

18.avarietyof"許多的"為固定搭配；various"多樣的",前面不接不定冠詞"a";variable"易變的,多變的";varying"變化的"。句意:另外一些人認(rèn)為城市規(guī)模不能縮小,問題應(yīng)該用多種方法來解決。

19.形容詞辨析。decent"合乎禮儀的;像樣的;體面的";fundamental"基本的,重要的,必要的";delicate"纖弱的;瘦弱的";eternal"永久的"。這里指給每個(gè)人建造像樣的房屋，所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

20.選項(xiàng)B首先排除,文章需要一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞,而不是一個(gè)形容詞,選項(xiàng)A和C意思不符,所以也排除,只有選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

I（

）theminister’sfigures,thetruecostoftheprojectismuchhigher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contend

B.agree

C.dispute

D.disagree

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contend“主張；為……斗爭(zhēng)”；agree“同意”；dispute“辯論；爭(zhēng)吵”；disagree“不同意；不一致”。句意：我懷疑部長(zhǎng)所說的數(shù)據(jù)—項(xiàng)目的實(shí)際花費(fèi)更高。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

He（

）outragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provoked

B.evoked

C.revoked

D.invoked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。provoke“激起，挑釁”；evoke“引起，喚起，博得”；revoke“撤回，取消，廢除”；invoke“調(diào)用，換氣”。句意：他稱那個(gè)電視節(jié)目為“會(huì)說話的壁紙”激起了憤怒。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

After1989,theexternal（）vanished,butthedangertoAmericancivilizationremained.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disruption

B.menace

C.liability

D.emergence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析。disruption中斷，分裂；menace威脅，脅迫;liability責(zé)任，義務(wù)；emergence出現(xiàn)，出來，暴露。句意:1989年之后，外部消失了，但對(duì)美國(guó)文明的危險(xiǎn)依然存在。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意和邏輯。

12.單選題

Similarcutsare（

）atStanford,whichisplanningtoslash$43millionoverthenexttwoyears.AndColumbiaUniversity,whichfacesa$50milliondeficit,willprobablyfollowsuit,althoughtheheadsof26arts-and-sciencesdepartmentshavethreatenedtoquitifthecutbacksaretooharsh.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lurking

B.looming

C.sagging

D.soaring

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lurk“潛伏；埋伏”；B選項(xiàng)loom“赫然出現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)sag“下跌；松弛；萎靡”；D選項(xiàng)soar“激增；高飛；升空”。句意：斯坦福大學(xué)也……類似的削減，計(jì)劃在未來兩年內(nèi)削減4300萬美元。面臨5000萬美元赤字的哥倫比亞大學(xué)(ColumbiaUniversity)可能也會(huì)效仿，盡管26個(gè)藝術(shù)和科學(xué)院系的負(fù)責(zé)人威脅稱，如果削減幅度過大，他們將辭職。由句意可知B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Thisspeculation(acoursetaughtwithtechnologyhelpsstudentslearnmorethantheonetaughtintheliveclassroom)isnotbaseless:studiescomparingtechnology-basedandtraditionalcourseofferingsarebeginningtoappearwithregularity,andtechnologyislookingbetteralltime.UniversitiesthatspecializeindistanceeducationarelearninghowtousemultimediacoursewareandtheInterneteffectivelyandthequalityoftheirofferingsisgainingincreasingrecognition.Whenstudentsinthenearfuturehaveachoicebetween(a)attendingpassivelecturesatfixedlocationsandtimesinacampus-basedcurriculumand(b)completinginteractivemultimediatutorialsatanyconvenientplaceandtimeinadistance-basedcurriculum,guesswhichalternativemoreofthemwillbegintochoose.

Thisisnottosaythattechnologyisapanacea.Passiveinstructionaltechnology-e.g.,simplypointingavideocameraataconventionallectureorusingtheWebonlytodisplaytextandpictures—doesnotpromotemuchlearning,nomatterhowdynamicthelecturerorhowcolorfulthegraphicimages.Moreover,evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely,suchasadvising,encouraging,motivating,andservingasrolemodelsforstudents,helpingthemdevelopthecommunicationandinterpersonalskillstheywillneedtosucceedintheircareers,andgettingthemtoteachandlearnfromoneanother.Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;itisunlikelythatanyonewilleverbeabletodothesameforasoftwarepackage.

Here,then,iswhatourcrystalballsaysaboutthefutureofhighereducation.Anincreasingshareofundergraduatedegreeswillbeearnedinwell-designeddistance-basedprogramsatconventionaluniversitiesandinstitutionswithoutwallsliketheBritishOpenUniversity,andanincreasingnumberofpeoplewillbypasscollegealtogetherandseekcompetency-basedcertificationinfieldslikeinformationtechnology.Somehighlyrankedresearchuniversitieswillstillteachtraditionallyandcontinuetoattractundergraduatesbyvirtueoftheirprestige,servingprimarilyastraininggroundsforgraduateschools.Manyofthemuchgreaternumberoflessprestigiousuniversitieswilltrytokeepdoingbusinessasusual,buthavingtocompeteforashrinkingpoolofundergraduateswillforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.Andagrowingnumberofuniversitieswillsystematicallyincorporateinteractivemultimedia-basedinstructionalsoftwareintheirliveclassroom-basedcourses,makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.Theseuniversitieswillcontinuetothrive—andtheywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat（）.

2."apanacea"(Line1,2ndparagraph)probablymeans（）.

3.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthefutureofmostuniversities?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheroleofaprofessorinthefutureclassroom?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.technologybasedcourseslookbetterthantraditionalcourses

B.thequalityofmultimediacoursewareisnotclear

C.morestudentswillchoosetechnology-baseddistancelearning

D.someuniversitieswillspecializeindistanceeducationwhileotherswon't

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.asolutiontoallproblems

B.awonderfulinvention

C.amachineteacher

D.ausefulfacilitator

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.qualifiedteachersplayavitalroleinshapingstudents'life

B.it'steachers'jobtobuildacareerfortheirstudents

C.asophisticatedsoftwarepackageislikelytoreplaceateacher

D.aconventionallectureisalwayspassive

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavetoclosetheirdoorsandturntobusiness.

B.Theywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

C.Theywillshrinkbecauseoflessstudents.

D.Theyhavetochangeortheywillbeoutofbusiness.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Anadviser

B.Atransmitter

C.Aninstructor

D.Atrainers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，作者認(rèn)為用技術(shù)授課的課程比在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)課堂授課的課程更能幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的這種推測(cè)并非毫無依據(jù)，說明作者贊成越來越多的同學(xué)會(huì)選擇基于技術(shù)的遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)課程。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.第二段的主要內(nèi)容是講基于技術(shù)課程的缺點(diǎn)和不足。由此推斷，這里應(yīng)該是指技術(shù)不是萬能的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第三句“evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely.”即使再好的技術(shù)也永遠(yuǎn)無法做一些一流的教師經(jīng)常做的事情。以及倒數(shù)第二句“Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;”大多數(shù)成功人士都能回想起至少一位有才華的教師，他通過做一件或多件這樣的事情改變了他們的生活。由此推斷：合格的教師在塑造學(xué)生的生活中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第三句“...willforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.”許多大學(xué)還在努力維持以往的辦學(xué)模式，他們要么被迫做出改變，要么只能關(guān)門大吉。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“...makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.”確保授課教師是學(xué)生的真正導(dǎo)師，而不僅僅是信息的傳播者。選項(xiàng)A正確。

14.單選題

Sincetheauthor’sunflatteringreferencestoherfriendswereso________,shewassurprisedthather______wererecognized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laudatory...styles

B.obvious...anecdotes

C.oblique...allusions

D.critical...eulogies

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。laudatory“贊美的”；obvious“明顯的”；oblique“不光明正大的”；critical“批判的”。style“風(fēng)格”；anecdote“軼事，奇聞”；allusion“暗示，提及”；eulogy“悼詞，頌詞”。句意：作者間接地指出了她的朋友們的不當(dāng)之處，但是使她驚訝的是，這種暗示得到了大家的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

YoucanarriveinLondonearlierforthemeeting（）youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provided

B.unless

C.though

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)provided“假如，倘若”；B選項(xiàng)unless“除非”；C選項(xiàng)though“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)until“直到”。根據(jù)句意：如果你不介意坐晚上的火車，那么你可以早點(diǎn)到達(dá)倫敦開會(huì)。后者是前者的條件，所以填入表示條件的連詞provided,選項(xiàng)A正確。

16.翻譯題

Still,theideaofanimalsfeelingemotionsremainscontroversialamongmanyscientists.Researchers’skepticismisfueledinpartbytheirprofessionalaversiontoanthropomorphism(動(dòng)物人格化),theverynonscientifictendencytoattributehumanqualitiestononhumans.Manyscientistsalsosaythatitisimpossibletoproveanimalshaveemotionsusingstandardscientificmethods—repeatableobservationsthatcanbemanipulatedincontrolledexperiments—leadingthemtoconcludethatsuchfeelingsmustnotexist.Today,however,amidmountingevidencetothecontrary,“thetideisturningradicallyandrapidly,”saysBekoff,whoisattheforefrontofthismovement.

Eventhemostharshskepticsofanimalpassionagreethatmanycreaturesexperiencefear—whichsomescientistsdefineasa“primary”emotionthatcontrastswith“secondary”emotionssuchasloveandgrief.Unlikethesemorecomplexfeelings,fearisinstinctiveandrequiresnoconsciousthought.

Butbeyondsuchinstinctiveemotionsandtheirpredictablebehavioralresponses,thepossibilityofmorecomplexanimalfeelings—thosethatentailmentalprocessing—isdifficulttodemonstrate,becausefeelingsareintangible,andsotoughtostudyscientifically.

Thenewcaseforanimalemotionscomesinpartfromthegrowingacceptabilityoffieldobservations,particularlywhentheyaretakeninaggregate.Thelatestcontributiontothisbodyofknowledgeisanewbook.TheSmileofaDolphin,whichpresentspersonalreportsfrommorethan50researcherswhohavespenttheircareersstudyinganimals—fromcats,dogs,andchimpstobirdsandfish,editedbyBekoff,whosaysitwillfinally“l(fā)egitimize”researchonanimalemotions.

【答案】【參考譯文】

但是，許多科學(xué)家仍然對(duì)動(dòng)物也有情感的觀點(diǎn)持有異議。研究人員之所以表示懷疑，部分原因是他們出于職業(yè)習(xí)慣討厭擬人論，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這是一種將人類的特性強(qiáng)加在非人類生物身上的毫無科學(xué)根據(jù)的主觀傾向。許多科學(xué)家還認(rèn)為用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的科學(xué)方法無法證明動(dòng)物是有情感的——在受控實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境下可進(jìn)行重復(fù)觀察——這使他們得出結(jié)論，認(rèn)為這些所謂的動(dòng)物情感一定不存在。但是如今出現(xiàn)越來越多相反的證據(jù)。站在這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)前沿的貝科夫說道：“這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的潮流正在根本性地迅速轉(zhuǎn)向?！?/p>

甚至連那些對(duì)動(dòng)物情感論持絕對(duì)懷疑態(tài)度的人也認(rèn)為，許多動(dòng)物有恐懼感——有的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，恐懼是與愛和悲傷等“中級(jí)”情感相對(duì)的“初級(jí)”情感。與較為復(fù)雜的“中級(jí)”情感相比，恐懼是一種本能，它不需要任何有意識(shí)的思維。

但是，除了這些具有本能性質(zhì)的情感及其可預(yù)見的行為反應(yīng)之外，科學(xué)家很難證明動(dòng)物可能存在更為復(fù)雜的情感，即那些需要有心理活動(dòng)過程的情感，因?yàn)楦星槭菬o形的，很難用科學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行研究。

動(dòng)物情感方面出現(xiàn)新主張，部分原因是越來越多的人愿意接受研究人員取得的實(shí)地觀察結(jié)果，特別是把這些觀察結(jié)果匯總到一起時(shí)。新書《海豚的微笑》對(duì)這一知識(shí)體系做出了最新貢獻(xiàn)。該書收錄了50多名研究人員撰寫的個(gè)人報(bào)告，這些研究人員將自己的整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯都傾注在對(duì)動(dòng)物的研究——貓、狗、熊、黑猩猩、鳥和魚等動(dòng)物。該書的編輯貝科夫認(rèn)為，這本書最終會(huì)使動(dòng)物情感的研究“合法化”。

17.單選題

Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitythatwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassicalandmedievalworlds,whileduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm“reading”undoubtedlymeantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewary,however,ofassumingthatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisadistractiontoothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothehistoricaldevelopmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedincharacter.

Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreaseinliteracy,andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreased,thenumberofpotentiallistenersdeclined,andthustherewassomereductionintheneedtoreadaloud.Readingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommon,socametheflourishingofreadingasaprivateactivityinsuchpublicplaceslikelibraries,railwaycarriagesandoffices,wherereadingaloudwouldcausedistractiontootherreaders.

Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstillconsiderableargumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreatedrespectfully,andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomewaymentallyweakening.Indeedthisargumentremainswithusstillineducation.However,whateveritsvirtueswere,theoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwasreplacedbytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsforaspecializedreadershipontheother.

Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate,ifnotimpossible,fortheoralreader.Thesocial,cultural,andtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatlyalteredwhattheterm“reading”implied.

1.Whywasreadingaloudcommonbeforethenineteenthcentury?

2.Thedevelopmentofsilentreadingduringthenineteenthcenturyindicated（）

3.Educationalistsarestillarguingabout（）

4.Theemergenceofthemassmediaandofspecializedperiodicalsshowedthat（）

5.Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Silentreadinghadnotbeendiscovered.

B.Therewerefewplacesavailableforprivatereading.

C.Fewpeoplecouldreadforthemselves.

D.Peoplereliedonreadingforentertainment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.achangeinthestatusofliteratepeople

B.achangeinthenatureofreading

C.anincreaseinthenumberofbooks

D.anincreaseintheaverageageofreaders

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofsilentreading

B.theamountofinformationyieldedbybooksandnewspapers

C.theeffectsofreadingonhealth

D.thevalueofdifferenttypesofreadingmaterial

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.standardsofliteracyhaddeclined

B.printingtechniqueshadimproved

C.readers'interestshaddiversified

D.educationalists'attitudeshadchanged

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toexplainhowpresent-dayreadinghabitsdeveloped.

B.Tochangepeople'sattitudestowardreading.

C.Toshowhowreadingmethodshaveimproved.

D.Toencouragethegrowthofreading

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句“Thelastcentury...toreadaloud.”隨著人們讀寫能力的提升,讀者人數(shù)的増加以及聽眾的數(shù)量減少,所以對(duì)大聲朗讀的需求有所減少。由此推斷19世紀(jì)以前是因?yàn)楹苌儆腥四軌蜃约洪喿x,所以大聲朗讀很普遍。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Examinationoffactors...becausethetasksthemselveschangedincharacter.”可知,19世紀(jì)無聲閱讀的發(fā)展說明閱讀的本質(zhì)發(fā)生了改變,選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“therewasstillconsiderable...mentallyweakening.”關(guān)于書籍是否應(yīng)被用于提供信息或受到尊重,以及諸如報(bào)紙之類的閱讀材料是否在某種程度上削弱了人們的精神,仍有相當(dāng)多的爭(zhēng)論。由此推斷,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“theoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwasreplacedbytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsforaspecializedreadershipontheother.”舊的共享知識(shí)文化已經(jīng)消失,一方面取而代之的是印刷的大眾傳媒,另一方面是專門的書籍和期刊閱讀。由此推斷,讀者的興趣越來越