考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華北電力大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-華北電力大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thosewerethesoldiers（

）tosavethetown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whoseresponsibilitywas

B.inwhomtherewasaresponsibility

C.whosewastheresponsibility

D.fromwhomtheresponsibilitycame

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這些士兵的（）是保衛(wèi)城鎮(zhèn)。根據(jù)句意答案選A；關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中職能作狀語(yǔ)，不能作主語(yǔ)，所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；介詞+whom/which在定語(yǔ)從句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，D選項(xiàng)不符語(yǔ)法，B選項(xiàng)不符題意。而且responsibility一般不與in搭配。

2.單選題

Nomodernindustrialenterprisescan（）foramomentwithoutrulesandsetprocedures.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.do

C.try

D.perform

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞do可以用來(lái)表達(dá)完成一些日常的活動(dòng)或工作。注意，這些活動(dòng)通常都是沒(méi)有產(chǎn)出具體實(shí)物的活動(dòng)，所以do符合本題語(yǔ)義；make用來(lái)表達(dá)構(gòu)造、建立和創(chuàng)造的意思，用來(lái)表達(dá)創(chuàng)造出可以觸碰的實(shí)物的活動(dòng)，所以排除。C、D詞義不符。

3.單選題

Idon’tunderstandwhatyou’regettingsoworkedupaboutit.It’sreallynotaproblem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unconcerned

B.concerned

C.angry

D.happy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)unconcerned“不關(guān)心的；無(wú)關(guān)的；無(wú)憂慮的”；B選項(xiàng)concerned“有關(guān)的；關(guān)心的”；C選項(xiàng)angry“生氣的；憤怒的；狂暴的；（傷口等）發(fā)炎的”；D選項(xiàng)happy“幸福的；高興的；巧妙的”。句意：我不明白你為什么這么生氣。這真的不是問(wèn)題。本句關(guān)鍵詞workedup表示“激動(dòng)的，生氣的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中C選項(xiàng)最合適，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Hismemoryseemsto（

）withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lessen

B.diminish

C.decrease

D.reduce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示“減少”。lessen指數(shù)目、程度、價(jià)值、實(shí)力等的減少；diminish指某事物對(duì)照原本基礎(chǔ)上數(shù)量或質(zhì)量少了很多；decrease指各種事物逐漸減少、逐漸衰弱的過(guò)程；reduce指縮小事物的范圍、強(qiáng)度、數(shù)量等，也可指級(jí)別、地位或經(jīng)濟(jì)條件的降低。此處表示他的記憶力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱，記憶力變得比原來(lái)差，因此選B。

句意：他的記憶力似乎隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減弱，有很多事情他記不清了。

5.單選題

Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.

Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.

Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.’’

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）areessentialinachievingsuccess.

2.Theword“frugal’’（Line2,Para.2）means（）.

3.Somerichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause（）.

4.Thelastparagraphimpliesthat（）.

5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abilityandgoals

B.goalsanddetermination

C.abilityandenvironment

D.goalsandenvironment

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wealthy

B.wasteful

C.thrifty

D.miserable

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirlifeismiserable

B.theydonotliveinpeace

C.theirgoalsaretoolow

D.theyarenotrichenoughbytheirownstandards

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.weshouldhavehighgoals

B.successmeansachievinggreatgoals

C.successmeanstakingawalkinthepark

D.successmeanstryingone’sbestatwhatonereallylikes

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thedefinitionofsuccess

B.howtoachievesuccess

C.howtosetgoals

D.theimportanceofgoals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第一段最后一句“Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.因?yàn)槲覀兠總€(gè)人在遺傳能力和表達(dá)這些能力的有利環(huán)境方面都有獨(dú)特的差異，所以我們必須廣義地定義成功?！庇纱丝芍h(huán)境和能力是成功的必要因素。C項(xiàng)正確。

2.詞義題。由第二段第二句"Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature…"由前面的“對(duì)一些人來(lái)說(shuō)，只要能以最少的痛苦和折磨過(guò)自己的生活就算是成功了，想想那些內(nèi)心平靜的可憐的牧羊人吧…”可知牧羊人與家人一起在大自然的美景中享受簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段"Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess."另一方面，似乎即使有些人看起來(lái)?yè)碛胸S富的物質(zhì)財(cái)富，他們中的許多人似乎是悲慘的，當(dāng)以他們自己的成功目標(biāo)來(lái)判斷時(shí)，他們認(rèn)為自己是不成功的?？芍蝗苏J(rèn)為自己不成功是因?yàn)閺乃麄冏约旱哪繕?biāo)來(lái)衡量時(shí)并不夠富有。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段“Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.”顧問(wèn)補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“你并沒(méi)有真正失敗，也沒(méi)有破壞你成功的機(jī)會(huì)，直到你在你真正喜歡的事情上失敗了，并為此付出了最大的努力?？芍狣項(xiàng)正確。ABC三項(xiàng)與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。全文主要第一段講述了成功的定義，第二段和第三段分別舉例說(shuō)明什么是成功。故A項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Inthenextfewyears,theterm"bigdata"willcometoseemnaive,likewhen"informationsuperhighway"gavewayto"theinternet"in1995.

We'reenteringanageofpersonalbigdataanditsimpactonourliveswillsurpassthatoftheinternet.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertaintyeverydayquestionslikewhetherthatdressactuallymakesyoulookfat,orprofoundquestionsaboutpreciselyhowlongyouwilllive.

Every20yearsorso,apowerfultechnologymovesfromtherealmofbackroomexpertiseandintothehandsofthemasses.Inthelate1970s,computingmadethattransitionfrommainframesinglass-enclosedroomstopersonalcomputerondesks.Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.

Eachtransitiontouchedoffanexplosionofinnovationandreshapedworkandleisure.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.Twentyyearslater,225million.Thenumberofinternetusersin1995hit16million.Todayit'smorethan3billion.Inmuchoftheworld,it'shardtoimaginelifewithoutconstantaccesstobothcomputingandnetworks.

The2010swillbethecoming-outpartyfordata.Gathering,accessingandgleaninginsightsfromvastanddeepdatahasbeenacapabilitylockedinsideenterpriseslongenough.Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.Ontheotherhand,connecteddevicessuchastheNestthermostatorFitbithealthmonitorandappsonsmartphonesincreasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.

ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.Butthegamechangerusheringintheneweraistheabilitytomakesenseofdatainwaysthatletnon-techhumansinteractwithit,learnfromitanduseit.

Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.Anewgenerationofcomputers-cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata-willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.Somewhatlikebrains,thesesystemscanlinkdiversebitsofdatatocomeupwithrealanswers,notjustsearchresults.

1.Whatcausedtheappearanceofmoderninternet?

2.Whatdoesthephrase"tappinginto"(paragraph5)probablymeaninthetext?

3.Inwhichwaycanwegetdataaboutourselves?

4.Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweentraditionalcomputersandcognitivecomputersystems?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Bigdata

B.Informationsuperhighway

C.Cloudcomputing

D.Browsers

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Stickinginto.

B.Beatingsoftly

C.Makinguseof

D.Investing

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fromeverydaypersonalactions.

B.Fromconnecteddevices.

C.Fromeverydaypersonalhabits.

D.Fromdatabase.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkfasterthantraditionalcomputers

B.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkmoreaccurately.

C.Cognitivecomputersystemcanworklikehumanbrains.

D.Cognitivecomputersystemscansearchresults.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Computingwasintherealmofbackroomexpertisebefore1970s.

B.Theworldisfloodedintoomuchconfuseddata.

C.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.

D.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertainty.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.（在20世紀(jì)90年代后期，第一批網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器使網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以為我們所用，從而出現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)曾是專為科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室和軍隊(duì)所用）可知選D。

2.詞義題。stickinginto意為“堅(jiān)持，粘入”；beatingsoftly意為“輕拍”；makinguseof意為“利用”；investing意為“投資，花費(fèi)”。根據(jù)“tappinginto”在Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.（現(xiàn)在云計(jì)算和移動(dòng)設(shè)備可以……巨大的計(jì)算能力和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)使站在浴室里籃球賽成為可能）中前后的句意，可知C選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段中的Ontheotherhand,connecteddevices...increasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.（另一方面，連接的設(shè)備……越來(lái)越多地收集有關(guān)日常個(gè)人行為和習(xí)慣的新信息，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為有關(guān)自己的數(shù)據(jù)）可知選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Anewgenerationofcomputers—cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata—willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.（新一代計(jì)算機(jī)——從數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)的認(rèn)知計(jì)算系統(tǒng)——能閱讀推特或電子書(shū)或觀看視頻，能并理解其內(nèi)容）可知選C。

5.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.（世界上充斥著大量的數(shù)據(jù)，這可能和說(shuō)LadyGaga的服裝很有趣一樣顯而易見(jiàn)）和最后一段中的Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.（今天超過(guò)80%的數(shù)據(jù)是非結(jié)構(gòu)化的：視頻、新聞報(bào)道、學(xué)術(shù)論文、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)評(píng)論。非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)幾乎不可能搜索、分析和與其他數(shù)據(jù)混合）可知B選項(xiàng)“世界上充斥著太多令人困惑的數(shù)據(jù)”符合題意。

7.單選題

Thejudgecriticizedthelawyerbecausehedidn’tkeephisremarkstothetopic（

）discussion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.under

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。underdiscussion“在討論中”。句意：法官批評(píng)了律師，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有在討論中就這個(gè)話題發(fā)表言論。B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inadequate

B.incapable

C.incompatible

D.invalid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inadequate“不足夠的，不充分的”；B選項(xiàng)incapable“無(wú)能力的，不能的”；C選項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的”；D選項(xiàng)invalid“無(wú)效的”。根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)及題干的意思可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。句意：一天五美元的預(yù)算完全不足以作一次歐洲之旅。

9.單選題

Attemptstopersuadehertostayaftershefeltinsultedwere（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.innoway

B.onthecontrary

C.ataloss

D.ofnoavail

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在她覺(jué)得受到侮辱后，企圖勸她留下來(lái)是徒勞的。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。innoway決不；onthecontrary正相反；ataloss虧本地；困惑不解；ofnoavail無(wú)效;不起作用；徒勞的。根據(jù)前半句句意“在她覺(jué)得受到侮辱后”可知，D符合句意。

10.單選題

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山區(qū)，大部分降雪被壓成冰。compacted意為壓實(shí)，壓緊。brokendown打破，折斷；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled編輯；compressed壓緊，壓縮。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

11.單選題

Thenaturaldisastershaveimmeasurably（）thesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressed

B.affected

C.effected

D.interfered

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。impress“給予某人深刻印象”；affect“影響；感染；”;effect“產(chǎn)生;達(dá)到目的”；interfere“沖突;介入”。句意：自然災(zāi)害會(huì)對(duì)我們國(guó)家的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生不可估量的影響。由naturaldisasters可推知自然災(zāi)害會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響。故B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography.Theemphasisofthisnew"communityecology"wasonthecompositionandstructureofcommunitiesconsistingofdifferentspecies.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theAmericanecologistFredericClementspointedoutthatasuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.Anabandonedfield,forinstance,willbeinvadedsuccessivelybyherbaceousplants（plantswithlittleornowoodytissue）,shrubs,andtrees,eventuallybecomingaforest.Light-lovingspeciesarealwaysamongthefirstinvaders,whileshade-tolerantspeciesappearlaterinthesuccession.

Clementsandotherearlyecologistssawalmostlawlikeregularityintheorderofsuccession,butthathasnotbeensubstantiated.Ageneraltrendcanberecognized,butthedetailsareusuallyunpredictable.Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizations,andmanyotherrandomprocesses.

Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.Nevertheless,maturenaturalenvironmentsareusuallyinequilibrium.Theychangerelativelylittlethroughtimeunlesstheenvironmentitselfchanges.

ForClements,theclimaxwasa"superorganism,"anorganicentity.EvensomeauthorswhoacceptedtheclimaxconceptrejectedClements1characterizationofitasasuperorganism,anditisindeedamisleadingmetaphor.Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances.Butthereisnoevidenceforsuchaninteractingcommunicativenetworkinaclimaxplantformation.Manyauthorsprefertheterm"association"totheterm"community"inordertostresstheloosenessoftheinteraction.

Evenlessfortunatewastheextensionofthistypeofthinkingtoincludeanimalsaswellasplants.Thisresultedinthe"biome,"acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna.Thoughitistruethatmanyanimalsarestrictlyassociatedwithcertainplants,itismisleadingtospeakofa"spruce-moosebiome,"forexample,becausethereisnointernalcohesiontotheirassociationasinanorganism.Thesprucecommunityisnotsubstantiallyaffectedbyeitherthepresenceorabsenceofmoose.Indeed,therearevastareasofspruceforestwithoutmoose.TheoppositiontotheClementsianconceptofplantecologywasinitiatedbyHerbertGleason,soonjoinedbyvariousotherecologists.Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspeciesandthatthereforethevegetationtypeswereasimpleconsequenceoftheecologiesofindividualplantspecies.

1.Ecologyhadbeenrootedin（）beforeitgrewintoanindependentscience.

2.AccordingtoFredericClements,（）afteravolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.

3.Successionisinfluencedbythefollowingfactorsexcept（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabout“climax”,accordingtothepassage?

5.Theconceptof"biome"wouldemphasizethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.communityecology

B.thescienceofspecies

C.thestudyofcommunitystructure

D.naturalhistoryandplantgeography

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.onlylight-lovingspeciescangrow

B.plantcommunitiescandevelop

C.forestscanhardlysurvive

D.fewplantscangrow

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.regularrainfalls

B.chancecolonizations

C.exposuretosun

D.natureofthesoil

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsnatureisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.

B.Itchangesrelativelylittlethroughtimeatmaturity.

C.Itisahighlyinteractingcommunicativenetwork.

D.Itisthefinalstageofasuccession.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.animalsandplantsdonotsubstantiallyaffecteachother

B.plantcommunitiesalwaysrelyoncoexistinganimalstosurvive

C.thereisinternalcohesionintheassociationofanimalswithplants

D.thedistributionofagivenspeciesiscontrolledbythehabitatrequirements

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography”可知，19世紀(jì)后期，生態(tài)學(xué)從其自然歷史和植物地理學(xué)的根源開(kāi)始成長(zhǎng)為一門(mén)獨(dú)立的科學(xué)。由此可判斷本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“社區(qū)生態(tài)學(xué)”，B選項(xiàng)表示“物種學(xué)科”，C選項(xiàng)表示“社區(qū)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)：根據(jù)FredericClements的理論，在火山爆發(fā)、洪水或森林大火之后……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到原文第一段第三句“asuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire”可知，一系列的植物群落會(huì)在火山爆發(fā)、洪水或者森林火災(zāi)后形成。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“只有喜光的物種才能生長(zhǎng)”，C選項(xiàng)表示“森林很難生存”，D選項(xiàng)表示“很少植物能生長(zhǎng)”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第二段最后一句“Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizationsandmanyotherrandomprocesses”可知，生態(tài)演替受到多種因素的影響：土壤土質(zhì)、暴露到陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)中、降水的規(guī)律性、定居生長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)以及許多其它隨機(jī)過(guò)程。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：根據(jù)文章可知，下面關(guān)于“climax”的表述哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是不正確的?由原文第三段第一句“Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.”可知，“climax”指的是生態(tài)演替的最后一個(gè)階段——頂級(jí)群落?？膳袛郉選項(xiàng)正確。由原文第三段第二句“Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.”可知，即使在一個(gè)成熟的群落中，物種組成通常也有很大的變化，可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由第三段第三句“Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession”可知，影響生態(tài)演替的因素同樣也影響頂級(jí)群落的性質(zhì)，可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述正確。由第四段第三句“Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances”可知，一個(gè)蟻群可能被合法地稱為頂級(jí)群落，因?yàn)樗慕涣飨到y(tǒng)是高度組織化的，由此可判斷C選項(xiàng)正確。綜上所述，本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)：“生態(tài)群系”的概念強(qiáng)調(diào)的是……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“biome”可定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)“acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna”可知，“biome”是指共生的動(dòng)植物群的組合。由最后一段最后一句“Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspecies”可知，一種特定物種的分布是由該物種的棲息地需求控制的，由此可判斷，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)表示“動(dòng)物和植物之間沒(méi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性的相互影響”，B選項(xiàng)表示“植物群落總是依靠共存的動(dòng)物生存”，C選項(xiàng)表示“在動(dòng)物與植物的聯(lián)系中有一種內(nèi)在的凝聚力”。

13.單選題

The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.generation

C.decent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源，來(lái)源”，指事物開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)的始點(diǎn)或其來(lái)源與出處；B選項(xiàng)generation“一代，產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)decent“正派的，得體的”，為形容詞；D選項(xiàng)cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：這個(gè)詞的起源是未知的，但肯定不是來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)。

14.單選題

Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovementinthelatenineteenthcentury______theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.diffuses

B.undermines

C.supports

D.underscores

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)diffuse“擴(kuò)散，傳播”，B項(xiàng)undermine“逐漸削弱（信心、權(quán)威等），漸漸破壞”，C項(xiàng)support“支持，幫助，支撐”，D項(xiàng)underscore“強(qiáng)調(diào)，劃線于……下”。根據(jù)句子可知，句子缺少一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovement（積極分子為婦女選舉權(quán)和禁酒運(yùn)動(dòng)所做的積極工作）和theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical（這兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)是敵對(duì)的斷言）可判斷，這兩者的關(guān)系是“削弱”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：19世紀(jì)晚期，積極分子為婦女選舉權(quán)和禁酒運(yùn)動(dòng)所做的積極工作削弱了這兩個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)是敵對(duì)的論斷。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Thetravelagencyhasafullprogramof（）,iftouristswishtovisitlocalplacesofinterest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expeditions

B.excursions

C.explorations

D.propositions

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果游客想游覽當(dāng)?shù)氐拿麆俟袍E，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行計(jì)劃。

考查名詞辨析。expedition遠(yuǎn)征，探險(xiǎn);excursion遠(yuǎn)足，短程旅行;exploration探測(cè)；proposition命題，提議。根據(jù)“當(dāng)?shù)氐拿麆俟袍E”可知四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，B項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Thelanguageexpertsbelievethatthe（

）ageforlearningaforeignlanguageis6yearsold.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conceptual

B.considerate

C.optimal

D.component

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:語(yǔ)言專家相信學(xué)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)最佳的年齡是6歲。

conceptual概念上的。considerate體貼的；體諒的；考慮周到的optimal最佳的；最理想的。component組成的，構(gòu)成。

17.單選題

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。continuously“繼續(xù)地”；unwittingly“不知不覺(jué)地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我們?cè)馐谴蛩阏務(wù)摴ぷ鞯模遣恢挥X(jué)就談到了足球。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.單選題

Onlyonceinawhile（）anovellikethat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theloverofbookscomesabout

B.theloverofbookscomesacross

C.doestheloverofbookscomeacross

D.doestheloverofbookscome

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝。Only位于句首，句子需要倒裝，由此可首先排除選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B；再根據(jù)句意：愛(ài)書(shū)的人只有偶爾才會(huì)遇到這樣的小說(shuō)。comeacross意為“偶遇，無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”，選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

19.單選題

CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit_____inCuba.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingcultivated

B.beencultivated

C.havingcultivated

D.cultivating

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：玉米原產(chǎn)于新大陸，因此直到哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)古巴在種植玉米，歐洲才知道它的存在。it指玉米，根據(jù)玉米被種植確定用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除C、D選項(xiàng)；在until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，it是賓語(yǔ)，橫線到句尾是賓補(bǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)被種植的狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式，A選項(xiàng)beingcultivated符合題意。B選項(xiàng)beencultivated用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe（

）impossibletocomprehend.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadfound

B.finds

C.hasfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】A

【解析】句意:這位學(xué)生稱自己覺(jué)得這篇文章中有幾點(diǎn)難以理解。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾檫^(guò)去完成吋態(tài)。句中“said”表示一般過(guò)去時(shí),句中后面的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的A項(xiàng)“hadfound”正確。

21.單選題

Sincehisinjurywasserious,thedoctorsuggestedthathe（）inthegame.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didnotplay

B.mustnotplay

C.notplay

D.nottoplay

【答案】C

【解析】suggest表建議時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

22.單選題

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B選項(xiàng)fierce“兇猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C選項(xiàng)fatal“致命的；重大的；毀滅性的；命中注定的”；D選項(xiàng)mortal“凡人的；致死的；終有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我們必須認(rèn)識(shí)到，所有生物都是終有一死的。故選D。

23.單選題

IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohavecaught

B.tocatch

C.catching

D.havingcaught

【答案】B

【解析】考查目的狀語(yǔ)。在整個(gè)句子中，過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)體現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，沒(méi)有時(shí)間趕上最后一班公交車(chē)，表明橫線部分為目的狀語(yǔ)，不需要體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)tohavecaught和D選項(xiàng)havingcaught不符合題意，同時(shí)sb.havetime后面的目的狀語(yǔ)用todo，所以B選項(xiàng)tocatch符合題意。C選項(xiàng)catching表示伴隨狀態(tài)，不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheAmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbooks,DoingOurOwnThing,TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960s’counter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighan