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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林城市職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

TeadinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.

TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.

AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.

Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchessfoundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergettingasinkingfeelingasshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithher,andtea-timewasborn.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?

2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses____________.

3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain____________.

4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause____________.

5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof____________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.

B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.

C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.

D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

B.howteabecameapopulardrinkwithmilk

C.howaduchessgotthehabitofdrinkingteaintheafternoon

D.howtea-timewasborn

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ineighteenthcentury

B.insixteenthcentury

C.inseventeenthcentury

D.inthelateseventeenthcentury

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ittastedlikemilk

B.ittastedmorepleasant

C.itbecameapopulardrink

D.MadamedeSevignewasinfluential

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.afamousFrenchlady

B.theancientChinese

C.theuppersocialclass

D.peopleinHolland

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHolland(在商店里買不到茶,有的人讓人從荷蘭寄來(lái)茶),可知B選項(xiàng)“茶葉是從荷蘭傳入英國(guó)的”正確。根據(jù)第二段第一句TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.(在17世紀(jì)早期東印度公司的船只開(kāi)始直接從中國(guó)運(yùn)茶之前,茶葉在英國(guó)一直稀缺且非常昂貴。),可知A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人從印度買到昂貴的茶葉”錯(cuò)誤;在這之前英國(guó)人從荷蘭賣茶,故D選項(xiàng)“直到17世紀(jì),英國(guó)人才開(kāi)始喝茶”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)人是最先在歐洲喝茶的人”:文章沒(méi)有提到在歐洲沒(méi)有提到哪個(gè)國(guó)家最先喝茶,故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)整篇文章從英國(guó)從古至今在各個(gè)時(shí)期不同茶的來(lái)源方式、飲茶方式和習(xí)慣等,可知這篇文章在講英國(guó)飲茶的歷史,故A選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)飲茶的歷史”正確。B選項(xiàng)“茶如何和牛奶一起成為一種受歡迎的飲料”,C選項(xiàng)“公爵夫人是如何養(yǎng)成下午喝茶的習(xí)慣的”和D選項(xiàng)“下午茶是如何誕生的”是其中一部分內(nèi)容,故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段intheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.(17世紀(jì)早期,在接下來(lái)的幾年里,大量茶葉流入這個(gè)國(guó)家,導(dǎo)致價(jià)格下降,許多人買得起。),可知在17世紀(jì)早期,茶在英國(guó)受歡迎,故C選項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“18世紀(jì)”,B選項(xiàng)“16世紀(jì)”和D選項(xiàng)“17世紀(jì)后期”錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第二、四、五句Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded…Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid…SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland.(在那之前,人們喝茶不加牛奶,直到一位名叫塞維尼夫人的法國(guó)著名女士決定看看牛奶加茶是什么味道。因?yàn)樗侨绱藗ゴ蟮囊晃慌?,她的朋友們認(rèn)為她們必須模仿她所做的一切……慢慢地,這個(gè)習(xí)慣傳到了英國(guó)),可知是因?yàn)槿S尼夫人的影響人們開(kāi)始喝茶加奶,故D選項(xiàng)“塞維尼夫人很有影響力”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它嘗起來(lái)像牛奶”和B選項(xiàng)“它嘗起來(lái)更美味”:奶加上茶的口感是歐洲人持續(xù)這樣喝的原因,故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“它成為了一種受歡迎的飲料”:這是歐洲人喝茶加奶的結(jié)果,故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段第五句SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.(慢慢地,這個(gè)習(xí)慣傳到了英國(guó),直到今天,只有很少的英國(guó)人喝茶不加牛奶。),可知英國(guó)喝茶主要受法國(guó)影響,法國(guó)主要受塞維尼夫人影響,故A選項(xiàng)“著名的法國(guó)女士”正確。B選項(xiàng)“古代中國(guó)”:文中只說(shuō)歐洲對(duì)茶的了解慢于中國(guó),沒(méi)有提到古代中國(guó)和英國(guó)人喝茶的因果關(guān)系。C選項(xiàng)“上層階級(jí)”:沒(méi)有提到塞維尼夫人是什么階層,其他地方也沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)上層階級(jí)。D選項(xiàng)“荷蘭人”:最初英國(guó)從荷蘭買茶,跟喝茶習(xí)慣沒(méi)有直接因果關(guān)系。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thisreporttellsabouttwingirlsseparatedatbirth,raisedinstrikinglydifferenthomes,who________havestrikinglysimilarpsyches.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreover

B.nonetheless

C.deliberately

D.coincidentally

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.moreover此外,而且B.nonetheless盡管如此,然而

C.deliberately故意地,蓄意地D.coincidentally巧合地,碰巧地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】who引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞“twingirls(雙胞胎女孩)”,上文說(shuō)到她們“在截然不同的家庭(strikinglydifferenthomes)中長(zhǎng)大”,和下文“心理卻驚人地相似(strikinglysimilar)”形成對(duì)比,說(shuō)明前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系,盡管她們?cè)诓煌募彝ブ虚L(zhǎng)大,但心理卻是相似的。nonetheless作連接副詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折,因此B選項(xiàng)nonetheless“盡管如此,然而”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)moreover“此外,而且”指引入新的信息來(lái)補(bǔ)充或支持之前所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,表示遞進(jìn)的邏輯關(guān)系;

C選項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地,蓄意地”指有計(jì)劃地做某事,而非偶然;

D選項(xiàng)coincidentally“巧合地,碰巧地”指因?yàn)榍珊隙l(fā)生;

均不符合題干的語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【句意】這份報(bào)告講述了一對(duì)在出生時(shí)就被分開(kāi)的雙胞胎女孩,雖然在截然不同的家庭中長(zhǎng)大,但她們的心理卻驚人地相似。

3.單選題

TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thrived

B.swelled

C.prospered

D.flourished

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“興盛,繁榮”;B選項(xiàng)“腫脹”;C選項(xiàng)“繁榮,昌盛”;D選項(xiàng)“繁榮,茂盛”。句意:木材響尾蛇現(xiàn)在已被列入瀕危物種名單,并且已經(jīng)在東部?jī)蓚€(gè)州滅絕了,而這兩個(gè)州曾經(jīng)有()這個(gè)物種。根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)該填繁盛。thrive指物(包括動(dòng)物和植物)的繁殖興盛;而prosper指的是經(jīng)濟(jì)或國(guó)力方面的繁榮;flourish指植物生長(zhǎng)茂盛。根據(jù)詞義辨析這里要選A。

4.單選題

Inindividualisticcultures,peopleputemphasisonself-interests,andtendtohaveemotionaldetachmentfromtheiringroup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concern

B.disinterestedness

C.dedication

D.fondness

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.concern關(guān)心;憂慮B.disinterestedness不感興趣

C.dedication奉獻(xiàn)D.fondness喜愛(ài)

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)常識(shí),“個(gè)人主義”文化中,人們往往強(qiáng)調(diào)自身利益,不關(guān)心集體利益,只有B選項(xiàng)disinterestedness“不感興趣”與原文情感基調(diào)一致,符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文邏輯。

【句意】在個(gè)人主義文化中,人們強(qiáng)調(diào)自身利益,往往在情感脫離自己的群體。

5.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Hamletfisharecautiouslovers.Eacheveningattwilight,manytimesaneveninginfact,apairofthemwillleavethesafetyoftheirCaribbeanreefandrushafewyardsofftheseafloor.Positioningthemselvesside-to-side,head-to-tailtheyhurriedlyreleasetheireggsandsperm.Thentheyturnsharplyforhome,leavestheirgametestomixinsilence.IchthyologistPhillipLobelofthewoodsHoleOceanographicinstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy”attheappropriatemoment.

Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.Underwater,however,humanearsdon’tworkwell.Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.

Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletfishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.Thefemalerespondswithadownward,sweepingsoundlikeaslidewhistle.Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.

Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry,whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.“Thesoundisnotascream,it’sonlyasloudasconversation,”saysLobel.

Lobelhassincerecordedsoundsfromabouttwodozenotherfishspecies.Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates,andthatfishofthesamespeciesmayevencommunicateinregionaldialects.“Lotsofpeoplesitandwatchtheirlittlefishintheiraquarium,”Lobelsays,“Well,it’slikelookingatabirdcagebehindsound-proofglass.Thesethingsareallmakingsounds.”

1.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto().

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutfishcallsaccordingtothispassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“theappropriatemoment”forfishtoemitcriesofecstasymentionedinthefirstparagraph?

4.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectinferencefromthepassage?

5.Theauthormentionedbirdcallsinthelastparagraphinorder().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteamisconceptionthatfishdon’tmakesounds

B.proveanewdiscovery

C.explainthetimewhenhamletfishmakesounds

D.demonstratethefactthatfishareromanticashumanbeings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fishcallsarecommonlyregardedasrare.

B.Someofsoundsproducedbyfisharenotutteredfromtheirmouths.

C.Fishcallsmaybeameansbywhichfishfoundtheirmates.

D.Nosoundscanbeheardfromfishifapersonstandsontheground.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.WhenPhillipLobelwasunderthewaterwithavideocameraandamicrophone.

B.Whenonefishhasatrystwithanother.

C.Whenthespermandeggofthefishhaveachancetomeetinthewater.

D.Whenfisharespawning.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Fewbiologistshavetheideafishmayproducesoundsunderwater.

B.Apersonunderwatermayclearlyhearthecallofanotherperson’sabovewater.

C.Lobel’soriginalintentiontodotheexperimentwastotestwhetherhamletfishwouldproducematingcalls.

D.Ahamletfishmayplaytherolesofbothmaleandfemaleatdifferenttimes.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.todemonstratethatbirdscanbeclassifiedintocertainfishspecies

B.toillustratethatbirds,justlikefish,producecallstofindtheirmates

C.toprovebirdcallsaremorecommonthanfishcalls

D.tofurtherexplainthatfishisakindofanimalthatmayalsomakesoundswhennecessary

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章圍繞著魚(yú)的叫聲展開(kāi),根據(jù)第二段最后一句Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.(因此,研究人員沒(méi)有注意到魚(yú)類的叫聲是多么常見(jiàn),直到Lobel開(kāi)始帶著攝像機(jī)和水下麥克風(fēng)潛水,就像海軍用來(lái)監(jiān)聽(tīng)潛艇的那種),可知B選項(xiàng)“證明一個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意,A,D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有在文章內(nèi)具體提及,C選項(xiàng)只是文章中的某一個(gè)方面,不是文章的目的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.(例如,蟾蜍魚(yú)的叫聲很低,即使在水面上也能聽(tīng)到,因此得名。),可知D選項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人站在地上,就聽(tīng)不到魚(yú)發(fā)出的聲音?!卞e(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第二段最后一句Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswere...(因此,研究人員沒(méi)有注意到魚(yú)類的叫聲是多么常見(jiàn)……)可以得知A選項(xiàng)“魚(yú)的叫聲通常被認(rèn)為是罕見(jiàn)的”正確;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句...whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.(……部分可能只是由于肌肉收縮而產(chǎn)生的膀胱振動(dòng)的聲音)可以得知B選項(xiàng)“有些魚(yú)發(fā)出的聲音不是從嘴里發(fā)出的”正確;根據(jù)最后一段第二句Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates...(他認(rèn)為魚(yú)類的叫聲,就像一些鳥(niǎo)的叫聲一樣,可能是魚(yú)類識(shí)別合適配偶的一種方式……)可以得知C選項(xiàng)“魚(yú)類的叫聲可能是魚(yú)類找到配偶的一種方式”正確;因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.(洛貝爾說(shuō),這些叫聲的目的可能是為了同步產(chǎn)卵,這樣精子和卵子就有機(jī)會(huì)真正在水中相遇)以及倒數(shù)第二段第一句Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry...(然后,在產(chǎn)卵的那一刻,雌魚(yú)拍打胸鰭,收縮腹部肌肉把卵擠出來(lái),然后發(fā)出一聲柔和的叫聲……),可知D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)魚(yú)產(chǎn)卵的時(shí)候”符合題意;A,B,C選項(xiàng)只是文章中提到的內(nèi)容,并不是最好地解釋了第一段提到的魚(yú)發(fā)出狂喜的叫聲的“適當(dāng)時(shí)刻”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.(生物學(xué)家早就知道有一些魚(yú)會(huì)發(fā)出聲音),可知A選項(xiàng)“很少有生物學(xué)家知道魚(yú)在水下也能發(fā)聲”錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)在水下的人可以清楚地聽(tīng)到另一個(gè)人在水面上的呼喚”在原文中未提到,錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)第一段最后一句IchthyologistPhillipLobelofthewoodsHoleOceanographicinstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy”attheappropriatemoment.(伍茲霍爾海洋研究所的魚(yú)類學(xué)家PhillipLobel發(fā)現(xiàn),哈姆雷特魚(yú)和其他許多魚(yú)會(huì)在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候發(fā)出“狂喜的叫聲”)可以得知PhillipLobel是先得知哈姆雷特魚(yú)會(huì)發(fā)出叫聲,再進(jìn)行研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)魚(yú)產(chǎn)卵的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)出叫聲,并不是先意識(shí)到是為了求偶發(fā)出叫聲再去測(cè)試,因此C選項(xiàng)“Lobel做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的初衷是為了測(cè)試哈姆雷特魚(yú)是否會(huì)發(fā)出求偶的叫聲”錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletfishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.(洛貝爾了解到,扮演哈姆雷特中男性角色的魚(yú)會(huì)在一次次幽會(huì)中變換角色——發(fā)出一系列短而低的聲音。)可以得知D選項(xiàng)“哈姆雷特魚(yú)在不同的時(shí)期可能同時(shí)扮演男性和女性的角色”正確;因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。A選項(xiàng)“為了證明鳥(niǎo)類可以被分類為某些魚(yú)類”和C選項(xiàng)“為了證明鳥(niǎo)叫比魚(yú)叫更常見(jiàn)”在原文中都沒(méi)提到;B選項(xiàng)“為了說(shuō)明鳥(niǎo)類,就像魚(yú)一樣,發(fā)出叫聲來(lái)尋找配偶”和原文想表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系不同,原文是想說(shuō)明魚(yú)像鳥(niǎo)一樣會(huì)發(fā)出叫聲來(lái)尋找配偶;D選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)一步解釋魚(yú)是一種必要時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)出聲音的動(dòng)物”符合原文,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

()itornot,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Believe

B.Believing

C.Tobelieve

D.Believed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法。believeitornot其實(shí)是口語(yǔ)里常用的句子,是個(gè)省略的句子,完整表達(dá)為(Whetheryou)believeitornot。A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ThebeautyofHopipaintedpotteryisknownthroughoutthemodernworld;soalsowasitknownandhighlyvaluedintheaboriginalworldoftheNorthAmericanWest.UntilapproximatelyA.D.1300potteryintheHopicountrywassimplyaregionalvariationonthewaresofotherpartsofthePuebloarea.Then,withtheadventofthefourteenthcentury,cameanartisticexplosion.Theblack-on-whitedesigns,belovedofarchaeologistsbutrelativelyundistinguished,weresupersededbybrilliant,black-on-orangedesignsandorangepolychromes.Theseinturnweresupersededbyblack-on-yellowtypesquitedifferentindesign,layout,andexecutionfromanyotherPuebloware.Bytheadditionofredtothis,apolychromewasproduced.Itsmoderncounterpartisinconstantdemandinshopsthroughoutthecountry.ItiscalledSikyatkiPolychromeafterthefirstmajorarchaeologicalexcavationintheHopicountry.

IncontrasttothealmostexclusivelygeometricnatureofotherPueblowares,thelateprehistoricHopiyellowsandpolychromesarecharacterizedbystartling,sweepingcurvilinearmotifs;bird,animal,floral,andhumanrepresentations;andreligiousmasksandceremonialscenes.TheirfreedomofrenditioniscompletelyatvariancewiththecanonsofallotherprehistoricPuebloschoolsofpotterydesign,exceptforthecontemporaryMimbreswareinwesternNewMexico,whichsharedsome,butfarfromallofthefreedomfromestablishedtradition.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.NorthAmericanWest

B.qualityofakindofpottery

C.Hopiculture

D.modernworld

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Birdrepresentations.

B.Commonweapons.

C.Ceremonialscenes.

D.Humanfigures.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?1.這篇文章主要討論什么?

A.ThetechniquesusedbytheHopitomarketpottery.A.霍皮人銷售陶器的技術(shù)。

B.ThepotteryartifactsfoundinanarchaeologicalexcavationatSikyatki.B.在錫亞特基考古挖掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶器。

C.ThediversedesignsandcolorsusedbytheHopiinpaintingpottery.C.霍皮人在繪制陶器時(shí)使用的各種圖案和顏色。

D.TherelationofHopipotterytothatdesignedbytheMimbres.D.霍皮陶器與明布雷斯人設(shè)計(jì)的陶器的關(guān)系。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章第一句指明“霍皮彩陶的美麗在現(xiàn)代世界聞名”,隨之,作者介紹了不同時(shí)期下霍皮彩陶的特點(diǎn),包括它們使用的色彩和圖案,所以整篇文章主要討論的就是霍皮人在彩繪陶器中使用的圖案和色彩,所以該題選擇C選項(xiàng)“霍皮人在繪制陶器時(shí)使用的各種圖案和顏色”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“霍皮人銷售陶器的技術(shù)”,原文沒(méi)有提到霍皮人的銷售技術(shù),該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有;

B項(xiàng)“在錫亞特基考古挖掘中發(fā)現(xiàn)的陶器”和D項(xiàng)“霍皮陶器與明布雷斯人設(shè)計(jì)的陶器的關(guān)系”只是原文中的某一個(gè)方面,不是主要內(nèi)容,以偏概全。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencereferstothe______.2.第一句中的it指的是______。

A.NorthAmericanWestA.北美西部

B.qualityofakindofpotteryB.一種陶器的品質(zhì)

C.HopicultureC.霍皮文化

D.modernworldD.現(xiàn)代世界

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推理題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至首段第一句“霍皮彩陶的美麗在現(xiàn)代世界聞名;因此,在北美西部的土著世界也被人們所知并被高度重視”,從中可知,這里的it指的依然是霍皮彩陶,所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)“一種陶器的品質(zhì)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“北美西部”由解題思路可知,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

C項(xiàng)“霍皮文化”和D項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代世界”在該句都沒(méi)有提及,無(wú)中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Inthefirstparagraph,whatissaidaboutHopipotterymadebeforeA.D.1300?3.在第一段中,關(guān)于公元1300年以前的霍皮陶器是怎么說(shuō)的?

A.Itwastransportedailovertheworld.A.它被運(yùn)往世界各地。

B.Itshighcostmadeitdifficulttopurchase.B.它的昂貴價(jià)格使它很難購(gòu)買。

C.Itsblack-on-whitedesignswereuncommon.C.它的黑白設(shè)計(jì)很少見(jiàn)。

D.ItwasverysimilartootherPueblopottery.D.它和其他普韋布洛陶器非常相似。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第二句“大約在公元1300年以前,霍皮人國(guó)家的陶器僅僅是普韋布洛地區(qū)其他地區(qū)陶器的區(qū)域變種”可知,霍皮陶器是普韋布洛地區(qū)其他地區(qū)陶器的區(qū)域變種,這也就是說(shuō)霍皮陶器其實(shí)和其他普韋布洛陶器相似。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)“它和其他普韋布洛陶器非常相似”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“它被運(yùn)往世界各地”在原文中只在第一段倒數(shù)第二句提到“它的現(xiàn)代版(moderncounterpart)在全國(guó)各地的商店里不斷地有需求”,從moderncounterpart(現(xiàn)代版)可知這并不是公元1300年以前的事情,該項(xiàng)曲解原文;

B項(xiàng)“它的昂貴價(jià)格使它很難購(gòu)買”在原文并沒(méi)有提到關(guān)于霍皮彩陶的價(jià)格,該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有;

C項(xiàng)“它的黑白設(shè)計(jì)很少見(jiàn)”,定位第一段第四句“考古學(xué)家們鐘愛(ài)黑白圖案,但相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)并不出眾(relativelyundistinguished)……”可知,黑白圖案的設(shè)計(jì)只是并不出眾,而不是很少見(jiàn),該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Accordingtothepassage,whendidthegreatestartisticadvancementinHopipotterytakeplace?4.根據(jù)這篇文章,霍皮陶器最偉大的藝術(shù)進(jìn)步發(fā)生在什么時(shí)候?

A.Duringtheyearsjustpriortothethirteenthcentury.A.在十三世紀(jì)之前的幾年里。

B.Duringthefirstfewdecadesofthethirteenthcentury.B.在十三世紀(jì)的頭幾十年里。

C.Inthebeginningofthefourteenthcentury.C.在十四世紀(jì)初。

D.Inthemiddleofthefourteenthcentury.D.在十四世紀(jì)中期。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第三四句“然后,隨著十四世紀(jì)的到來(lái),藝術(shù)出現(xiàn)了爆炸性的發(fā)展(cameanartisticexplosion)??脊艑W(xué)家們鐘愛(ài)的黑白圖案,但相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)并不出眾,后來(lái)被明亮的顏色所代替,出現(xiàn)了彩陶。”可知,十四世紀(jì)的到來(lái),霍皮陶器取得了重大進(jìn)步,這也就是說(shuō)霍皮陶器最偉大的藝術(shù)進(jìn)步發(fā)生在十四世紀(jì)早期。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“在十三世紀(jì)之前的幾年里”和B項(xiàng)“在十三世紀(jì)的頭幾十年里”根據(jù)解題思路可知,這兩項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

D項(xiàng)“在十四世紀(jì)中期”在原文沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadesignusedforHopipaintedpottery?5.以下哪一項(xiàng)沒(méi)有被提到作為霍皮彩陶的設(shè)計(jì)?

A.Birdrepresentations.A.鳥(niǎo)禽描繪。

B.Commonweapons.B.普通武器。

C.Ceremonialscenes.C.儀式場(chǎng)景。

D.Humanfigures.D.人體畫像。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第二段第一句“與其他普韋布洛人的幾乎完全的幾何性質(zhì)相比,史前晚期的霍皮黃陶和彩陶以驚人的、廣泛的曲線圖案為特征,表現(xiàn)元素多為鳥(niǎo)、動(dòng)物、花、人類以及宗教面具和儀式場(chǎng)景”可知,霍皮彩陶的圖案多為鳥(niǎo)、動(dòng)物、花、人類以及宗教面具和儀式場(chǎng)景,只有B項(xiàng)“普通武器”沒(méi)有提及。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“鳥(niǎo)禽描繪”、C項(xiàng)“儀式場(chǎng)景”和D項(xiàng)“人體畫像”由解題思路可知,這三項(xiàng)都是霍皮彩陶的圖案,屬于反向干擾。

8.單選題

Theuseofseatbeltsis(

)inmanycountriesintheworld;failuretowearthemmayresultinfines.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.covert

B.cruel

C.compulsory

D.constrained

【答案】C

【解析】covert隱藏的,隱秘的;cruel殘忍的,殘酷的;compulsory強(qiáng)制的,義務(wù)的;constrained不自然的,過(guò)于受約束的。句意:世界上許多國(guó)家對(duì)安全帶的使用是強(qiáng)制性的,不戴可能會(huì)被罰款。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltotalkintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchprovidesfurtherconfirmationthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecanimpairadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwickandToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationabouttheirhobbiesusingaspeakerphone.AsDr.KunarandDr.HorowitzreportinPsychonomicBulletin&Review,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7meterstothebrakingdistanceofacartravelingat100kph.Theyfoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.

Dr.KunarandDr.Horowitzalsoexploredtheeffectofsimplylisteningtosomething—suchasaradioprogramme.ForthistheyplayedarecordingofthefirstchapterofBramStoker’s“Dracula.”Eventhoughthetestsubjectsweretoldtopayattentionbecausetheywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime.TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.Dr.Kunarreckonsthathavingtothinkaboutresponsesduringaphoneconversationcompetesforthebrain’sresourcesinawaythatlisteningtoamonologuedoesnot.

Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.Andthey’llbemorelikelytoarriveinonepiece.

1.InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiments,thesubjectswhoperformedtaskswhiletalking().

2.AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking().

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving().

4.Thebesthopeofstoppingpeoplefromusinghands-freephoneslieswith().

5.Thepurposeofthepassageisto().

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reactedmorequickly,butmademoremistakes

B.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakes

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakes

D.reactedmoreslowly,butmadefewermistakes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastory

B.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversation

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastory

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenfrequentlybroken

B.isnecessaryandfeasible

C.hasbeenstrictlyenforced

D.willarouseheateddebate

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.carmanufacturers

B.lawmakers

C.newtechnology

D.driversthemselves

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.callonlawmakerstomakestrictlawsontheuseofcellphones

B.informpeopleofthedangerofusingcellphoneswhiledriving

C.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingcellphoneswhendriving

D.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphoneswhiledriving

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot(做了相當(dāng)于接聽(tīng)免提電話的人跟沒(méi)有做這個(gè)任務(wù)的人相比,平均反應(yīng)時(shí)間慢了212毫秒)和第五句groupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking(使用免提工具的那一組在任務(wù)中比那些沒(méi)有說(shuō)話的那一組多出83%的錯(cuò)),可知受干擾的那一組反應(yīng)更慢,錯(cuò)誤更多,故C反應(yīng)更慢,錯(cuò)誤更多正確。其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句theywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime(他們之后會(huì)被問(wèn)到關(guān)于這個(gè)故事的問(wèn)題,但這對(duì)他們的反應(yīng)時(shí)間幾乎沒(méi)有影響)和第四句TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.(這項(xiàng)由猶他大學(xué)的弗蘭克?德魯斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究表明,乘客的閑聊也是如此。),可知聽(tīng)故事和聽(tīng)顧客講話一樣對(duì)司機(jī)幾乎沒(méi)有影響,A選項(xiàng)“比聽(tīng)故事更影響司機(jī)”和C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)司機(jī)的影響小于聽(tīng)故事”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第一題,可知電話交談讓司機(jī)反應(yīng)變慢,犯錯(cuò)更多,因此B選項(xiàng)“比電話交談更影響司機(jī)”錯(cuò)誤,D選項(xiàng)“

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