2023版新教材高考英語一輪總復(fù)習Unit1PeopleOfAchievement單元主題訓練新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！UNIT1單元主題訓練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ASomeofthegreatestscientistsofalltimearewomenwhohavemadeimportantdiscoveriesinavarietyoffieldsinscience.Severaloftheircontributionsthroughouthistoryareevenmorethanmen'scontributions.Ourlistofthemostfamousfemalescientistsbelowareorganisedinorderofpopularitysoyoucanreadabouttheadvancementsthattheymade.MarieCurie(1867－1934)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrizeandtheonlywomantowinthisawardintwofields:PhysicsandChemistry.ShediscoveredpoloniumandradiumandherworkhelpedwiththecreationofX-rays.JaneGoodall(1934)FamousFor:Primate(靈長類)studiesJaneGoodallisknownworld-wideforhergroundbreakingstudiesonprimates.Sheisconsideredasthetopexpertonchimpsintheworldandisperhapsbestknownforher45-yearstudyonthesociallivesoftheseanimalsinTanzania.RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909－2012)FamousFor:NervegrowthstudiesRitaLevi-Montalciniwasaneurologist(神經(jīng)病學家)whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1986forherfindingsinNerveGrowthFactor(NGF).ShewasthefirstNobelPrizewinnertolivepasther100thbirthday.LiseMeitner(1878－1968)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityandnuclearphysicsLiseMeitnerwasakeymemberofagroupthatdiscoverednuclearfission(裂變).Oneofhercolleagues,OttoHahn,wasgiventheNoblePrizeforthiswork.ThatMeitnerdidn'tgettheawardisconsideredtobeahugeerrorbytheNobelcommittee.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要列舉了4位著名的女科學家在各自領(lǐng)域所取得的成就和影響。1．Whoisstillcontributingtotheworld?A．MarieCurie. B．JaneGoodall.C．RitaLevi-Montalcini. D．LiseMeitner.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)每個人物后面跟的時間可知，JaneGoodall出生于1934年，而后面沒有給出去世時間，說明仍在為世界做貢獻。故選B。2．WhatdidRitaLevi-Montalciniresearchon?A．Nervegrowth. B．Thewildlife.C．Nuclearexplosion. D．Radioactivity.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909－2012)部分中“FamousFor:Nervegrowthstudies”可知，RitaLevi-Montalcini研究的是神經(jīng)發(fā)育。故選A。3．WhatdoweknowaboutLiseMeitner?A．ShewasawardedtheNobelPrize.B．Shemadeabigmistakeinherwork.C．Shedidlotsofstudiesaboutnervegrowth.D．Shemadegreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)LiseMeitner(1878－1968)部分中“FamousFor:Workonradioactivityandnuclearphysics”可知，因為研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知，LiseMeitner對核物理學做出了巨大的貢獻。故選D。BWiththeworld'sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowitfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributortotheirdevelopment.Threehundredyearsagothismonth,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughterinoculated(接種)againstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu'swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccinesaround80yearslaterwouldneverhavetakenplace.MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkey.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatinyamountofpus(膿)fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomakecutsonpeople'swristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.Thishelpedpeoplegainimmunityfromfutureinfection.Likeothervisitorstothecountry,Montagutookstepstoensurethatherdaughterwasinoculated.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEnglandwouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors'professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.Somepeoplealsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainstnature.BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.About80yearslater,apioneeringphysicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslastcentury,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiasticamateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecureforsmallpox.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。三百年前，英國的MaryWortleyMontagu在土耳其目睹了當?shù)貗D女接種天花疫苗后，決定將這種技術(shù)帶回英國，給女兒接種天花疫苗。她沖破重重阻力，終于成功接種，并得到了當?shù)蒯t(yī)生的認可和推廣。4．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.B．Montagu'sfirstaccesstoinoculation.C．Thebenefitsfromsmallpoxinoculation.D．Turkishwomen'sinventionofinoculation.解析：選B段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要講述了Montagu在土耳其目睹當?shù)厝祟A(yù)防天花的經(jīng)過，故B項正確。5．MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause________.A．itwasagainsthumannatureB．itmightharmdoctors'interestsC．itwasbeyonddoctors'abilitiesD．itmightshakesomepeople'sbelief解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句可知，由無執(zhí)照的業(yè)余人士進行接種會威脅到醫(yī)生的職業(yè)地位并有可能剝奪他們寶貴的收入。據(jù)此可知，在英國接種天花疫苗很困難是因為這損害了當?shù)蒯t(yī)生的利益，故B項正確。6．WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?A．Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.B．Aphysician'sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.C．TheresultofMontagu'sdaughter'sinoculation.D．Montagu'sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段尾句可知，在接種疫苗后的一段安全時間過后，Montagu同意醫(yī)生為她的女兒進行檢查。再根據(jù)第五段首句可知，英國醫(yī)生逐漸接受了接種天花疫苗。據(jù)此可知，由于Montagu給她的女兒成功接種了天花疫苗，故英國醫(yī)生開始接受這一嘗試。故C項正確。7．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．AnUnsungHeroB．NoLimittoCreationC．DevelopmentofVaccinesD．AHistoricMedicalInnovation解析：選A標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了推動天花疫苗接種的先行者Montagu的故事。她勇敢地給她的女兒嘗試接種并獲得成功，從而使英國的醫(yī)生逐漸接受了天花疫苗的接種。故A項最適合作為本文標題。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五eq\a\vs4\al(2022·山西省八校高三第一次聯(lián)考)Excellenceisaformofcurrency(通貨).Whileacommitmenttoexcellencecanhelpyougaintruewealthandrealizetheinbuiltvalueofyourpotential,alackofcommitmentdevaluespotentialandreputation.Ifyouaretobecomethepersonyoumeanttobeonthedayyouwereborn,dowhateveryoudowithallyourmight.__8__Ifyouacceptbeingaverageandordinary,lifewillmakeyouaverageandordinary.__9__Butithaseverythingtodowithdecision,commitmentandaction.Andexcellenceisadestinationforanyonewhoappreciates,respects,anddemonstrateshardworkandgoodjudgement!Weallhavearangeofcareerchoicesandopportunities.Butweexpandtherangeandqualityofourchoiceswhenwepractiseexcellence.__10__Soattempttomakeeveryopportunityoneofimportancebecauseeveryopportunitycounts.Whatisconsideredexcellenttodaywillbecometheminimumcostofadmissiontomorrow.__11__Obviously,thebarisconstantlybeingraised.Ifyoudon'tproduceexcellentresultsconsistently,someoneelsewill.Thereisnomercyperiodforaverageness,andyoumusthaveazerotolerancepolicyforit.Peopleexpectthebest.__12__Soneverrelaxtherulesofexcellence.Whenyoufacequality,yousufferphysicalandemotionalwithdrawalfromyourgoals.Youshouldhavethebeliefthattheefficiencyofyourbusinessandlifeareinfinite(無限的),thateverythingcanbeimprovedupon,andthateveryprojectcanbecompletedinanexcellentfashion.Why?Becausewhenitcomestoexcellence,everythingcounts!A．Beingaverageisachoice.B．You'reonlyasgoodasyourlastperformance.C．Itcreatesconfidenceandenhancespeaceofmind.D．Andwereducethemwhenweacceptbeingaverage.E．Iftheycan'tgetitfromyou,they'llfinditelsewhere.F．Youwillneverlivelongerthanitsimportanceandusefulness.G．Beingworld-classhasnothingtodowithsize,education,orbloodline.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了卓越的重要性，并介紹了追求卓越的方法。8．選A根據(jù)空后一句可知，如果你接受普通和平凡，生活將會使你變得普通和平凡。這是對設(shè)空處的解釋說明，故設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容與“平凡”有關(guān)，A項中的average和設(shè)空后的“averageandordinary”相呼應(yīng)。9．選G空后的But表明設(shè)空處和空后一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。G項中的“hasnothingtodowith...”和下文“haseverythingtodowith...”形成對比。故選G項。10．選D空后的So表明設(shè)空處和下文是因果關(guān)系，D項即是設(shè)空處后一句的原因，同時D項中的them指代前面提到的“therangeandqualityofourchoices”，reduce也與前面的expand形成對比。故選D項。11．選B根據(jù)空后兩句可知，顯然，標準在不斷提高。如果你不能持續(xù)創(chuàng)造出色的結(jié)果，其他人會。這說明只有不斷提高，才能變得卓越。故選B項。12．選E空后的So表明前后是因果關(guān)系，設(shè)空處強調(diào)原因，再結(jié)合空前一句(人們期盼最好的)可知，E項(如果人們無法從你身上獲取最好的，他們就會另覓他處)符合語境。Ⅲ.完形填空Thepast10monthshasbeenthemostinfluentialmonthsofmylife.Asajunior,IleftmycomfortablehomeinIllinoisand__13__goingtotheNavajoIndianReservationinArizona.ThereIattendedalocalpoorly-equippedschooland__14__foranadventure.Iexperiencedsomany__15__whenIarrived,fightingeachdayto__16__inanewsocialenvironment—overcomingracialdifferences,handlingsocial__17__...DuringthesummervacationI__18__tobeacounselor(顧問)atanEasterSealscampforpeoplewith__19__needswhorequireassistancebecauseofdisabilitiesandimprovetheirabilitytodothingsalone.ItwasthemosttiringworkI'deverexperiencedbutthemost__20__.IknewthatI'dhelpedimproveover850campers'__21__.Asthenewschoolyearbegan,ourdepartmenthadarenovation(翻新).Iofferedtohelpcleanupallthe__22__books.Insteadofrecyclinghundredsofthosebooks,I__23__thedepartmentthatthebookscouldserveahigher__24__.Thissimpleactresultedinanall-outbookdrivebenefitingtheschoolsinArizona.The10-monthexperienceinArizona__25__megreatly.Itmademebecomeapersonwithpatience,appreciation,determination,and__26__enthusiasm.Itrustthatitisthroughenthusiasm,ideasandactionthatallchangescan__27__.語篇解讀：本文是夾敘夾議文。作者離開家鄉(xiāng)前往異地學習的經(jīng)歷讓他收獲了耐心、感恩、決心以及對生活的熱情。13．A.required B．riskedC．escaped D．considered解析：選B根據(jù)上文中的“l(fā)eftmycomfortablehome”及下文中的“anadventure”可知，作者離開舒適的家，踏上了前往納瓦霍印第安人保留地的冒險旅途。risk“冒險”，符合語境。14．A.settledon B．settledbackC．settledup D．settledin解析：選D根據(jù)上文中的“ThereIattendedalocalpoorly-equippedschool”及下文內(nèi)容可知，作者在當?shù)厣狭藢W，安頓了下來。settlein“安頓下來”，符合語境。15．A.pleasures B．wondersC．blows D．burdens解析：選C根據(jù)下文中的“fightingeachday”等信息可知，作者剛到納瓦霍印第安人保留地時，經(jīng)歷了許多打擊。blow在這里表示“打擊，挫折”，屬于“熟詞生義”。16．A.survive B．succeedC．recover D．return解析：選A根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指作者不得不每天為自己能在新的社會環(huán)境中生存下去而奮斗。survive“生存”，符合語境。17．A.cases B．communicationsC．conflicts D．responsibilities解析：選C根據(jù)上文中的“overcomingracialdifferences,handlingsocial”可知，此處指除了要克服種族差異外，作者還需應(yīng)對社會沖突。conflict“沖突”，符合語境。18．A.promised B．decidedC．a(chǎn)fforded D．learned解析：選B根據(jù)下文可知，作者決定去做夏令營顧問。decide“決定”，符合語境。19．A.basic B．normalC．special D．natural解析：選C根據(jù)下文中的“whorequireassistancebecauseofdisabilities”可知，來參加夏令營的人是有特殊需求的人。special“特殊的”，符合語境。20．A.interesting B．rewardingC．demanding D．a(chǎn)ppealing解析：選B根據(jù)下文中的“IknewthatI'dhelpedimproveover850campers'”及空前的“tiring”可知，此處指這是作者做過的最累人卻最有意義的工作。rewarding“有意義的，值得做的”，符合語境。21．A.patience B．independenceC．intelligence D．confidence解析：選B根據(jù)上文中的“theirabilitytodothingsalone”可知，作者幫助那些參加夏令營的人變得更加獨立。independence“獨立”，符合語境。22．A.unturned B．valuableC．useful D．unwanted解析：選D根據(jù)下文中的“recyclinghundredsofthosebooks”可知，新學年伊始，作者所在的系要翻新，作者主動提出幫忙把多余的書處理掉。unwanted“不需要的；多余的”，符合語境。23．A.reminded B．comfortedC．informed D．convinced解析：選D根據(jù)下文可知，作者使系里相信這些書可以有更重要的用途。convince“使相信”，符合語境。24．A.plan B．targetC．purpose D．standard解析：選C參見上題解析。purpose“用途”，符合語境。25．A.transformed B．defeatedC．tricked D．impressed解析：選A根據(jù)下文中的“Itmademe...enthusiasm”可知，10個月的經(jīng)歷改變了作者。transform“使改變”，符合語境。26．A.afterall B．a(chǎn)boveallC．a(chǎn)tlarge D．a(chǎn)tleast解析：選B根據(jù)語境及下文中的“Itrustthatitisthroughenthusiasm”可知，10個月的經(jīng)歷讓作者變得有耐心、懂得感恩、有決心，最重要的是，變得熱情。aboveall“最重要的是，尤其是”，符合語境。27．A.help B．spreadC．matter D．occur解析：選D作者相信擁有了對生活的熱情、想法以及付諸行動，所有改變都會出現(xiàn)。occur“發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)”，符合語境。Ⅳ.語法填空eq\a\vs4\al(2022·貴陽市四校高三聯(lián)考)Geneticmodification(基因改造)isasetoftechnologiesusedtochangethegeneticmakeupofcells.GeneticallymodifiedcropsareplantswithDNA__1__hasbeenmodifiedusinggeneticengineeringmethods.Valuablequalitiesareaddedtothecrops,including__2__(improve)production,betternutritionalvalueandresistancetodrought,frost,orpests.Geneticallymodifiedanimalscamelater.In1996,Britishscientists__3__(clone)asheepnamedDolly.In2012，__4__(produce)milkthatismorenutritiousandwillnotmakepeopleallergic,acompanyinNewZealandengineeredacow.Ifyouthinkthenextthingonthewayis__5__(probable)geneticallymodifyinghumanbabies,you'dberight.Thereis__6__(increase)debateabout“designerbabies”，whicharehumanbabiesthathavebeengeneticallymodified.Modificationscan__7__(do)tofixgeneticdefects(缺陷)，preventlife-threateningdiseases,orproducedesirablequalities.Thistechnologyleadstoheateddebate,because__8__isthepotentialpossibilityofproducinggeneticallymodified“supermen”toreplacemodernhumans.TheUSNationalAcademiesofSciences,Engineering,andMedicinehavereleasedareportonthetopicofgeneticengineeringinhumanbabies.The__9__(conclude)wasthatscientistsshouldbeallowedtomodifythehumanDNAtopreventseriousgeneticdiseases.Butitrecommendsrestrictinggeneticmodificationstoseveremedicalconditionsforwhichnoothertreatmentexists.Italsoappealsforinternationalcooperation,whichmeanssomeonemustberesponsible__10__makingsureallarefollowingtherules.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文?；蚋脑焓且惶子糜诟淖兗毎幕蚪M成的技術(shù)。本文介紹了基因改造的發(fā)展及其引起的爭論等相關(guān)內(nèi)容。1．which/that考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞DNA，所以填which/that。2．improved考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾名詞production，表示已完成的動作，故用過去分詞作定語，所