09口腔之大四課件-96級(jí)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)試卷

口腔96級(jí)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)試 得分Pleasetranslatefollowingwordsinto1.腮2.白3.修復(fù)4.釉5.粘6.牙本7.義8.調(diào)9.髁狀10.烤11.鑄12.銀合13.腭14.鉆15.牙髓16.齲17.咀18.牙齦19.充20.牙菌Pleasetranslatefollowingwordsinto9. 18.19. 21. 26.27. 28.29. 30.Pleasetranslatefollowingphasesintofree- 2.adenoidcystic3.fixed 4.wedge- d5.gypsum 6.spontaneous7. levelingofthelower9.removable 10.discoidlupusPleasetranslatefollowingarticlesintoIndentalschool,studentsweretaughtthatthedevelopmentofcarieswasdependentonasusceptiblehostacariogenicoral"microbialfloraandafermentablecarbohydratesubstrate.ThisconceptisdepictedthroughKeye'srings.Latertheseringsweresurroundedbyalargeronewhichwaslabeledsalivatoemphasizetheimportanceofsalivaintheoriginofthedisease.AnumberofsecondaryfactorsalsowereidentifiedthataffectthecariesTheinteractionofsalivabacterialandmicrobialproductsintheproductionofbiofionthetoothsurfacesisanareawheremuchresearchneedstobedirected.Itisknownthatplaqueisabiofilmthatiscomposedofapolysaccharidematrixlikeallbiofi.Furtherknowledgeconcerningformationandstructureofbiofiwillhelpnotonlyintheunderstandingofthebacterialcolonizationofthetoothsurfacebutalsointhelong-termpreventionofdentalcaries.Althoughdiabetesmellitusandsomeotherdiseasesareassociatedwithxerostomia(口腔干燥)themostwidelystudieddiseasestateaffectingsalivaryfunctioninamajorwayistheexocrinopathyknownasSj?gren'ssyndrome.Thisautoimmunediseaseischaracterizedbyinflammationoftheglandswithlymphocyteinfiltration.Secretorycomponentsespeciallyacinarcellsdeteriorateresultinginasubstantialdiminutionofsalivaflow.Thecauseofthelossofsecretoryfunctionisunderintenseinvestigation.Thediseaseaffectsallofthesalivaryglandsincludingthesalivaryglandsandischaracterizedbyxerostomiaaprimarycomplaintofpatients.PatientswithSj?gren'ssyndromesuffersimilarchallengestotoothstructureasthosewhohaveexperiencedradiationtherapy.Thereductioninsalivaryflow soseverethatpatientshaveadifficulttimeswallowingandtalking.Cariesratesincreasedramaticallyinthesepatientsunlessstepsaretakentopreventdeteriorationofthetoothsurface.Thedecreaseinsalivaryflowisrelatedtotheincreaseincariesincidenceindicatingthatthedecreaseofvolumeofsecretionordecreaseinthefunctionsofitscomponentsisimportantinthecontrolofdentalcaries.Temporomandibulardisorder(TMD)hasbeendefinedbytheAmericanAcademicofOrofacialPain(AAOP)as“acollectivetermembracinganumberofclinicalproblemsthatinvolvethemasticatorymusculaturethetemporomandibularjoint(TM})andassociatedstructuresorboth.”Relativetotheaforementioned(前面提到的)typesorcategoriesoforofacialpainTMDisregardedasasubclassificationofmusculoskeletalFortheclinicianitisimportanttounderstandthatTMDisacategoryoforofacialpainbutorofacialpainisnotalwaysaTMD.Assuchtheclinicianneedstodevelopadifferentialdiagnosistomanagetheappropriatecausesofthepatient'ssignsandsymptoms.Tobeabletodevelopadifferentialdiagnosishowevertheclinicianneedstounderstandpainmechanismsandpainpathways itantwithanunderstandingofvariousprimaryandsecondarycontributingfactorsthatcanbecausesoforofacialpain.Changesinarchlengthandarchcircumferencealsooccurduringdevelopmentwhichareacombinationoftheanteroposterior,transverseandverticalchangestakingplace.Archcircumference(thedistancefrommolarto molararoundthearch)decreasesasmallamountduringgrowth.Archlength(distancefromthelabialoftheincisorsatthemidlinetoalinebetweenthemesialsofthe molars)decreasesslightlystartingbeforetheemergenceofthepermanent molarastheprimatespacesclosebetweenthedeciduousmolars.Asthemaxillaryincisorseruptthearchlengthincreasesasmallamountbutthendecreasesastheprimarymolarsarelost.Theearlyandlatedecreasesinarchlengthexceedtheincreaseinarchlengthassociatedwithincisoremergence.Hence,thenetresultisthatthearchlengthisshorteratage18thanatage4.Notonlyaretheteethmovingwithinthearchbutalsothereisachangeinpositionoftheentiremaxillaryarch.Whenallthechangeswithinthedentalarchrelativetothebodyofthemaxillaaresummed,asignificantmesialshiftoftheteethisseen.Hencealthoughthemaxillarydentalarchincreasesinwidthandheightitalsodecreasesanteroposteriorlvinlengthandmovesanteriorly.Adultorthodonticshashadanamazingresurgenceinpopularityoverthelast10years.Manyorthodonticpracticesinclude40%to50%adultpatients.PopularityofadultorthodonticscannotbeattributedtoonesingleForemostamongthecausesisanincreasedawarenessofmalocclusion,estheticsandfunctionalbenefitsoforthodontics.Recentimprovementsinorthodonticmaterialsaswellasestheticallypleasingandbiomechanicallysoundapplianceshavealsoplayedapositiverole.Agoodorthodontictreatmentdemandsastate-of-the-artdatabaseproperdiagnosisanindividualizedtreatmentplanawellthought-outmechanicsplanandanefficientexecutionofthetreatment.Foradultssomeadditionalconsiderationsarenecessarybecausegrowthorcertaintreatmentregimenssuchasheadgearorothercumbersomeappliancescannotbeincorporatedintothetreatment.Pleasetranslatefollowingsentencesinto可以通過(guò)選擇口腔系統(tǒng)達(dá)到人人享有口腔衛(wèi)生在許多雙尖牙區(qū)的X線片上，頦牙齒根尖部顯示透射區(qū)正畸醫(yī)師的主要責(zé)任包括、預(yù)防、阻斷和治療牙齒的各種錯(cuò)合畸96級(jí)專業(yè)英 得分Pleasetranslatefollowingwordsinto1.parolid2.4.5.6.7.8.occlusal9.20.dentalPleasetranslatefollowingwordsinto1.造釉細(xì)胞2.樹(shù)蜂窩織正頜外科5.包埋水門(mén)倒8.微滲10.11.牙12.口13.唇14.類天皰15.牙16.氟17.拔牙18.牙19.明膠海20.兒科21.美22.固位23.連接24.卡25.栓26.高嵌27.口腔衛(wèi)28.根尖29.支30.近中Pleasetranslatefollowingphasesinto腺樣囊性 2.游離3.固定矯正 4.生石5.楔狀缺 6.自發(fā)7.排齊下 8.牙