為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分

為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分，從頭說起!我們看看吧，下面就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分，從頭說起

伙伴們必須首先認(rèn)清，GRE的閱讀考試不同于我們過去所經(jīng)歷的各種閱讀考試，無論是中文還是英文，無論是小學(xué)和中學(xué)階段的語言考試，還是大學(xué)之后可能經(jīng)歷的四六級(jí)閱讀考試，抑或是TOEFL/IELTS中的閱讀考試。

GRE閱讀所測(cè)試的才能決定了我們必須以不同的閱讀策略切入，拋棄我們所固有的、已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常的閱讀習(xí)慣，要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們就必須首先弄清楚GRE閱讀考試到底考察哪些才能。下面我就來看看GRE官方指南是怎么說的：

Reading

prehensionquestionsaredesignedtotestawiderangeofabilitiesrequired

toreadandunderstandthekindsofprosemonlyencounteredingraduate

school.Thoseabilitiesinclude:1understandingthemeaningofindividual

words/理解詞義2understandingthemeaningofindividualsentences/理解句意3understanding

themeaningofparagraphsandlargerbodiesoftext/理解段落及篇章的意義4distinguishing

betweenminorandmajorpoints/區(qū)分細(xì)節(jié)與主旨5summarizingapassage/概括段落

6drawingconclusionsfromtheinformationprovided/從已有信息當(dāng)中推出結(jié)論7reasoning

frominpletedata,inferringmissinginformation/從已有信息當(dāng)中推出缺失信息8understanding

thestructureofatext,howthepartsrelatetoone

another/理解文章構(gòu)造和各部分之間關(guān)系9identifyingtheauthor’sperspective/判斷作者的視角aidentifying

theauthor’sassumptions/判斷作者的假設(shè)banalyzingatextandreachingconclusionsabout

it/從文本中得出結(jié)論cidentifyingstrengthsandweaknesses/判斷論證的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺陷

今天我們先通過兩道題目來理解才能1和2考察的詳細(xì)展現(xiàn)形式，希望可以幫助伙伴們迅速理解這項(xiàng)考試的策略，并尋找適宜的應(yīng)對(duì)方案。

1understandingthemeaningofindividual

words/理解詞義顯然會(huì)出如今詞匯題當(dāng)中。與很多同學(xué)可能熟悉的TOEFL詞匯題不同，我們都知道TOEFL詞匯題的做法是不帶回原文直接選詞義，更多考察的是詞匯量本身，而不是詞匯在語境中的含義;GRE的詞匯題更需要大家可以根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義。比方：A

criticalconsensushasemergedthatMaryMcCarthywillberememberedprimarily

asanessayistratherthanasanovelist.Butdespiteherformidablegiftsasa

polemicalanddiscursivewriter,andforallherreputationasanintellectual

whosacrificedfeelingtointelligence,whatpowersMcCarthy’sbestessaysare

herfictionalratherthanstrictlyintellectualgifts.Shemakesherpointsby

tellingstoriesorbywayofvividdescription,arrestingimagesandsubtle

characterization.Andforallherexactingsenseoffact,McCarthy’sgreatest

contributionwastoblurthedistinctionsbetweendifferentkindsofprose

writing:toshowhowfictioncouldbeopeneduptothethinkingmindandhow

essayscouldprofitfromthetechniquesoffiction.Inthecontextinwhichit

appears,“discursive〞mostnearlymeansA.ProlificB.SophisticC.RamblingD.

AnalyticalE.Circuitous答案：D

這道題目假如同學(xué)們查字典，很容易選出C這個(gè)答案，因?yàn)閐iscursive和rambling這兩個(gè)詞就是同義詞，是“離題的〞的意思。然而，在本文背景下，discursive一定是essay的特點(diǎn)，是用來表達(dá)intelligence而不是feeling的，在這種上下文背景下，它的意思應(yīng)該是“推論的，論證的：通過推理而非直覺來得出結(jié)論的〞，所以選擇的答案是analytical。很顯然，GRE的詞匯題要求的并不簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單是詞匯量本身，而是上下文語義關(guān)系判斷的才能。

2understandingthemeaningofindividual

sentences/理解句意同樣看似考察的是句子本身的字面意思，假如在TOEFL考試當(dāng)中，只要看懂一個(gè)句子的語義，一道句子改寫題根本就不成問題了。但是GRE考試當(dāng)中，即便考察的是語句本身的語義，選項(xiàng)對(duì)原文的改寫不僅僅是句型的改寫，而很可能是不同邏輯形式對(duì)等效語義的表達(dá)。比方：請(qǐng)輸入正文Astronomers

studyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthe

supernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthe

possibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight,because

itwouldfilteroutbluelightmorethanred,causingthesupernovastoappear

redderthantheyreallyare.Also,unlessspreadverysmoothlythroughoutspace,

thedustwouldintroducelargevariationsinthemeasurements.Another

possibilityisgravitationallensing,thebendingoflightraysastheyskirt

galaxiesenroute.Suchlensingoccasionallycausesbrightening,butmostoften

itcontributestothedimnessofdistantsupernovas.Calculationsshow,however,

thatthiseffectbeesimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthe

supernovasstudied.Accordingtothepassage,theastronomersrejected

gravitationallensingasanexplanationfortheirfindingsbecauseA.

gravitationallensingcancausesupernovastoappearbrighterthantheyreally

areB.theircalculationsshowedanegligibleeffectofgravitationallensingfor

lightraysfromdistantsources.C.lightraystravelingfromthesupernovas

studieddidnothavetoskirtgalaxies.D.theeffectofgravitationallensingon

theappearanceofsupernovasisunpredictable.E.thesupernovasstudiedweretoo

nearforgravitationallensingtohavetheobserveddimming

effect.答案：E這道題很明顯考察的就是最后一句話“thiseffectbeesimportantonlyforsourcesmore

distantthanthesupernovasstudied〞的意思。而XbeesimportantforY這句話，等效于Xis

notimportantfornon-Y，而題干相當(dāng)于在問X為什么not

important，那么答案就應(yīng)該是non-Y。根據(jù)這個(gè)形式，鑒于原文的Y相當(dāng)于distant，那么正確選項(xiàng)就應(yīng)該是以not

distant為關(guān)鍵信息，所以選擇了E，核心詞是near。其實(shí)這個(gè)題反映了一個(gè)更普遍的?？疾斓恼Z言現(xiàn)象，即以“only〞為邏輯信息的句型其外表語義和實(shí)際語義之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)我在說“only

whenIworkhardcanIgethigh

score〞時(shí)，我并沒有表達(dá)努力工作可以帶來高分的意思，相反，我所表達(dá)是不努力工作沒法帶來高分的意思。而這種現(xiàn)象又代表的是一大類現(xiàn)象，即某種邏輯句型的外表語義和實(shí)際語義之間的關(guān)系，它要求同學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)可以在邏輯等效的句型之間進(jìn)展語義的靈敏切換。

GRE閱讀題之__流派問題

每日一練

AncientChristianitymaybedividedintotwogreatperiods.Inthefirst,

itwasareligionliabletopersecution,sufferingseverelyattimesandalways

strugglingtomaintainitself;inthesecond,itbecamethereligionofthe

State,andinitsturnsetabouttorepressandpersecutetheheathenreligions.

Itwasnolongerwithoutlegalrights;ithadthesupportofthesecularrulers

andwaslavishlyendowedwithwealth.Thesetwoperiodsaremarkedlydifferent,

andtheconditionshadadistincteffectuponthelifeandgrowthofthe

Christianreligion.

Thecentralideapresentedbytheauthorinthisparagraphisthat:

A.EarlyChristianswereoftenpersecutedfortheirbeliefs,andsometimes

evenkilled.

B.ThoughlaterChristianswerenolongerpersecuted,theyneverforgotthe

historyoftheirreligion.

C.TheChristianchurchbecameverywealthyovertimeandwassupportedby

kingsandemperors.

D.ThetwoverydifferentperiodsofearlyChristianityeachservedtomold

thenatureofthereligion.

E.BeingthereligionoftheStatewastheturningpointfor

Christianityasaworldreligion.

正確答案

C

GRE閱讀題之犯罪率在上升

每日一練

Thesametruthisnowknownaboutcrime;buttheunderstandingandthe

applicationofitarejustopeninguponus.Theoldandstilldominantthought

is,astocause,thatacrimeiscausedbytheinscrutablemoralfreewillofthe

humanbeing,doingornotdoingthecrime,justasitpleases;absolutelyfreein

advance,atanymomentoftime,tochooseornottochoosethecriminalact,and

thereforeinitselfthesoleandultimatecauseofcrime.Astotreatment,there

stillarejusttwotraditionalmeasures---jail,orafine(fordeathis

nowemployedinrarecasesonly).Butmodernscience,hereasinmedicine,

recognizesthatcrimealso(likedisease)hasnaturalcauses.Itneednotbe

assertedforonemomentthatcrimeisadisease.Butitdoeshavenaturalcauses.

Andastotreatment,modernsciencerecognizesthatpenalorremedialtreatment

cannotpossiblybeindiscriminateandmachine-like,butmustbeadaptedtothe

causes,andtothemanasaffectedbythosecauses.

Theauthorbelieveswhichofthefollowing?Selectallcorrectchoices.

A.Thedominantthoughtisthatcrimeiscausedbyfreewill

B.Freewillisnottheonlycauseofcrime

C.Crimeisnotadisease

正確答案

ABC

GRE閱讀題之美國(guó)和歐洲的聯(lián)絡(luò)

每日一練

TheAmericanfrontierissharplydistinguishedfromtheEuropeanfrontier

--afortifiedboundarylinerunningthroughdensepopulations.Themost

significantthingabouttheAmericanfrontieris,thatitliesatthehither

edgeoffreeland.Inthecensusreportsitistreatedasthemarginofthat

settlementwhichhasadensityoftwoormoretothesquaremile.Thetermisan

elasticone,andforourpurposesdoesnotneedsharpdefinition.Weshall

considerthewholefrontierbelt,includingtheIndiancountryandtheouter

marginofthe"settledarea"ofthecensusreports.Thispaperwillmakeno

attempttotreatthesubjectexhaustively;itsaimissimplytocallattent