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為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分,從頭說起!我們看看吧,下面就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分,從頭說起
伙伴們必須首先認(rèn)清,GRE的閱讀考試不同于我們過去所經(jīng)歷的各種閱讀考試,無論是中文還是英文,無論是小學(xué)和中學(xué)階段的語言考試,還是大學(xué)之后可能經(jīng)歷的四六級閱讀考試,抑或是TOEFL/IELTS中的閱讀考試。
GRE閱讀所測試的才能決定了我們必須以不同的閱讀策略切入,拋棄我們所固有的、已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常的閱讀習(xí)慣,要做到這一點(diǎn),我們就必須首先弄清楚GRE閱讀考試到底考察哪些才能。下面我就來看看GRE官方指南是怎么說的:
Reading
prehensionquestionsaredesignedtotestawiderangeofabilitiesrequired
toreadandunderstandthekindsofprosemonlyencounteredingraduate
school.Thoseabilitiesinclude:1understandingthemeaningofindividual
words/理解詞義2understandingthemeaningofindividualsentences/理解句意3understanding
themeaningofparagraphsandlargerbodiesoftext/理解段落及篇章的意義4distinguishing
betweenminorandmajorpoints/區(qū)分細(xì)節(jié)與主旨5summarizingapassage/概括段落
6drawingconclusionsfromtheinformationprovided/從已有信息當(dāng)中推出結(jié)論7reasoning
frominpletedata,inferringmissinginformation/從已有信息當(dāng)中推出缺失信息8understanding
thestructureofatext,howthepartsrelatetoone
another/理解文章構(gòu)造和各部分之間關(guān)系9identifyingtheauthor’sperspective/判斷作者的視角aidentifying
theauthor’sassumptions/判斷作者的假設(shè)banalyzingatextandreachingconclusionsabout
it/從文本中得出結(jié)論cidentifyingstrengthsandweaknesses/判斷論證的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺陷
今天我們先通過兩道題目來理解才能1和2考察的詳細(xì)展現(xiàn)形式,希望可以幫助伙伴們迅速理解這項考試的策略,并尋找適宜的應(yīng)對方案。
1understandingthemeaningofindividual
words/理解詞義顯然會出如今詞匯題當(dāng)中。與很多同學(xué)可能熟悉的TOEFL詞匯題不同,我們都知道TOEFL詞匯題的做法是不帶回原文直接選詞義,更多考察的是詞匯量本身,而不是詞匯在語境中的含義;GRE的詞匯題更需要大家可以根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義。比方:A
criticalconsensushasemergedthatMaryMcCarthywillberememberedprimarily
asanessayistratherthanasanovelist.Butdespiteherformidablegiftsasa
polemicalanddiscursivewriter,andforallherreputationasanintellectual
whosacrificedfeelingtointelligence,whatpowersMcCarthy’sbestessaysare
herfictionalratherthanstrictlyintellectualgifts.Shemakesherpointsby
tellingstoriesorbywayofvividdescription,arrestingimagesandsubtle
characterization.Andforallherexactingsenseoffact,McCarthy’sgreatest
contributionwastoblurthedistinctionsbetweendifferentkindsofprose
writing:toshowhowfictioncouldbeopeneduptothethinkingmindandhow
essayscouldprofitfromthetechniquesoffiction.Inthecontextinwhichit
appears,“discursive〞mostnearlymeansA.ProlificB.SophisticC.RamblingD.
AnalyticalE.Circuitous答案:D
這道題目假如同學(xué)們查字典,很容易選出C這個答案,因為discursive和rambling這兩個詞就是同義詞,是“離題的〞的意思。然而,在本文背景下,discursive一定是essay的特點(diǎn),是用來表達(dá)intelligence而不是feeling的,在這種上下文背景下,它的意思應(yīng)該是“推論的,論證的:通過推理而非直覺來得出結(jié)論的〞,所以選擇的答案是analytical。很顯然,GRE的詞匯題要求的并不簡簡單單是詞匯量本身,而是上下文語義關(guān)系判斷的才能。
2understandingthemeaningofindividual
sentences/理解句意同樣看似考察的是句子本身的字面意思,假如在TOEFL考試當(dāng)中,只要看懂一個句子的語義,一道句子改寫題根本就不成問題了。但是GRE考試當(dāng)中,即便考察的是語句本身的語義,選項對原文的改寫不僅僅是句型的改寫,而很可能是不同邏輯形式對等效語義的表達(dá)。比方:請輸入正文Astronomers
studyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthe
supernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthe
possibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight,because
itwouldfilteroutbluelightmorethanred,causingthesupernovastoappear
redderthantheyreallyare.Also,unlessspreadverysmoothlythroughoutspace,
thedustwouldintroducelargevariationsinthemeasurements.Another
possibilityisgravitationallensing,thebendingoflightraysastheyskirt
galaxiesenroute.Suchlensingoccasionallycausesbrightening,butmostoften
itcontributestothedimnessofdistantsupernovas.Calculationsshow,however,
thatthiseffectbeesimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthe
supernovasstudied.Accordingtothepassage,theastronomersrejected
gravitationallensingasanexplanationfortheirfindingsbecauseA.
gravitationallensingcancausesupernovastoappearbrighterthantheyreally
areB.theircalculationsshowedanegligibleeffectofgravitationallensingfor
lightraysfromdistantsources.C.lightraystravelingfromthesupernovas
studieddidnothavetoskirtgalaxies.D.theeffectofgravitationallensingon
theappearanceofsupernovasisunpredictable.E.thesupernovasstudiedweretoo
nearforgravitationallensingtohavetheobserveddimming
effect.答案:E這道題很明顯考察的就是最后一句話“thiseffectbeesimportantonlyforsourcesmore
distantthanthesupernovasstudied〞的意思。而XbeesimportantforY這句話,等效于Xis
notimportantfornon-Y,而題干相當(dāng)于在問X為什么not
important,那么答案就應(yīng)該是non-Y。根據(jù)這個形式,鑒于原文的Y相當(dāng)于distant,那么正確選項就應(yīng)該是以not
distant為關(guān)鍵信息,所以選擇了E,核心詞是near。其實這個題反映了一個更普遍的??疾斓恼Z言現(xiàn)象,即以“only〞為邏輯信息的句型其外表語義和實際語義之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)我在說“only
whenIworkhardcanIgethigh
score〞時,我并沒有表達(dá)努力工作可以帶來高分的意思,相反,我所表達(dá)是不努力工作沒法帶來高分的意思。而這種現(xiàn)象又代表的是一大類現(xiàn)象,即某種邏輯句型的外表語義和實際語義之間的關(guān)系,它要求同學(xué)們在閱讀時可以在邏輯等效的句型之間進(jìn)展語義的靈敏切換。
GRE閱讀題之__流派問題
每日一練
AncientChristianitymaybedividedintotwogreatperiods.Inthefirst,
itwasareligionliabletopersecution,sufferingseverelyattimesandalways
strugglingtomaintainitself;inthesecond,itbecamethereligionofthe
State,andinitsturnsetabouttorepressandpersecutetheheathenreligions.
Itwasnolongerwithoutlegalrights;ithadthesupportofthesecularrulers
andwaslavishlyendowedwithwealth.Thesetwoperiodsaremarkedlydifferent,
andtheconditionshadadistincteffectuponthelifeandgrowthofthe
Christianreligion.
Thecentralideapresentedbytheauthorinthisparagraphisthat:
A.EarlyChristianswereoftenpersecutedfortheirbeliefs,andsometimes
evenkilled.
B.ThoughlaterChristianswerenolongerpersecuted,theyneverforgotthe
historyoftheirreligion.
C.TheChristianchurchbecameverywealthyovertimeandwassupportedby
kingsandemperors.
D.ThetwoverydifferentperiodsofearlyChristianityeachservedtomold
thenatureofthereligion.
E.BeingthereligionoftheStatewastheturningpointfor
Christianityasaworldreligion.
正確答案
C
GRE閱讀題之犯罪率在上升
每日一練
Thesametruthisnowknownaboutcrime;buttheunderstandingandthe
applicationofitarejustopeninguponus.Theoldandstilldominantthought
is,astocause,thatacrimeiscausedbytheinscrutablemoralfreewillofthe
humanbeing,doingornotdoingthecrime,justasitpleases;absolutelyfreein
advance,atanymomentoftime,tochooseornottochoosethecriminalact,and
thereforeinitselfthesoleandultimatecauseofcrime.Astotreatment,there
stillarejusttwotraditionalmeasures---jail,orafine(fordeathis
nowemployedinrarecasesonly).Butmodernscience,hereasinmedicine,
recognizesthatcrimealso(likedisease)hasnaturalcauses.Itneednotbe
assertedforonemomentthatcrimeisadisease.Butitdoeshavenaturalcauses.
Andastotreatment,modernsciencerecognizesthatpenalorremedialtreatment
cannotpossiblybeindiscriminateandmachine-like,butmustbeadaptedtothe
causes,andtothemanasaffectedbythosecauses.
Theauthorbelieveswhichofthefollowing?Selectallcorrectchoices.
A.Thedominantthoughtisthatcrimeiscausedbyfreewill
B.Freewillisnottheonlycauseofcrime
C.Crimeisnotadisease
正確答案
ABC
GRE閱讀題之美國和歐洲的聯(lián)絡(luò)
每日一練
TheAmericanfrontierissharplydistinguishedfromtheEuropeanfrontier
--afortifiedboundarylinerunningthroughdensepopulations.Themost
significantthingabouttheAmericanfrontieris,thatitliesatthehither
edgeoffreeland.Inthecensusreportsitistreatedasthemarginofthat
settlementwhichhasadensityoftwoormoretothesquaremile.Thetermisan
elasticone,andforourpurposesdoesnotneedsharpdefinition.Weshall
considerthewholefrontierbelt,includingtheIndiancountryandtheouter
marginofthe"settledarea"ofthecensusreports.Thispaperwillmakeno
attempttotreatthesubjectexhaustively;itsaimissimplytocallattent
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