定語(yǔ)從句教案

第第頁(yè)定語(yǔ)從句教案

Ⅰ.定義

定語(yǔ)從句，起形容詞的作用，在句中常用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞稱(chēng)為先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞的'作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起引導(dǎo)作用;二是在意義上代替先行詞,并在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。其中關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that,as;關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why。

eg.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.

Thepenwhichmyunclegavemeismissing.

Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.

Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.

Perhapsthedaywillcomewhenpeoplewillbeabletobreathecleanairincities.

Ⅱ.關(guān)系代詞

1.先行詞是人，作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用who,that

eg.Heisaman()neverleavestoday’sworktilltomorrow.

Theboy()isstandingthereismycousin.

2.先行詞是人，作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用whom,who,that,

eg.Hereistheman()you’vebeene*pectingtomeet.

Theman()youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith.

3.先行詞是物，作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用which,that

eg.Thetrain()hasjustleftisforGuangzhou.

Childrenliketoreadbooks()havewonderfulpictures.

4.先行詞是物，作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用which,that,或省略

eg.Thebook()youborrowedyesterdayisreallyinteresting.

Thepen()myunclegavemeismissing.

5.先行詞是人、物，作定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用whose

eg.Heistheprofessor()namewasJackson.

China,()populationisthelargestintheworld,isdevelopingveryfast.

Ⅲ.關(guān)系副詞

1.先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，在定從中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用when

eg.Ican’trememberthedate()hewentabroad.

I’llneverforgettheday()Ijoinedthearmy.

2.先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，在定從中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用where;其中留意表示抽象概念的地點(diǎn)名詞，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度時(shí)，也需用where

eg.Thisisthevillage()UncleWangoncelived.

Theyhavereachedthepoint()theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.

He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation()heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.

3.先行詞是reason，在定從中作緣由狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用why

eg.Idon’tknowthereason()hewaslate.

Noneofusknowthereason()Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.

4.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞也可以用“適當(dāng)介詞+which”來(lái)代替。

eg.October1,1949wasthedaywhen(=)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

Thisisthefactorywhere(=)weworkedayearago.

Idon’tbelievethereasonwhy(=)hewaslateforschool.

Ⅳ.關(guān)系代詞thatwhich的區(qū)分:

⒈只用that的狀況

①先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)。

eg.Thereisnothing()canpreventhimfromdoingit.

②先行詞被any,only,few,no,very,little等修飾時(shí)。

eg.Thisistheverybook()I’mlookingfor.

③先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

eg.Thefirstplace()theyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.

Thisisthebestfilm()Ihaveeverseen.

④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

eg.Hetalkedaboutthingsandpersons()theyrememberedintheschool.

⑤先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)。

eg.Mr.Smithistheonlyforeigner()heknows.

⑥句中已有who或which,為了避開(kāi)重復(fù)時(shí)。

eg.Whoistheman()isstandingbesideTom?

⒉不能用that的狀況：

①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;

eg.Hehadfailedinthemathse*am,()madehisfatherveryangry.

②介詞+關(guān)系代詞。

eg.Thisistheroomin()myfatherlivedlastyear.

Ⅴ.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法(as相當(dāng)于thatwhich)

①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于thesame…as,such…as結(jié)構(gòu)中。

eg.Thisisthesamebook()Ilentyou.

Suchmachines()areusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.

②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置敏捷，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用以下句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIe*pect等。

eg.()Ie*pected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-terme*amination.

Taiwan,()weallknow,belongstoChina.

Ⅵ.限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的主要區(qū)分:

限制性定語(yǔ)從句:一般緊跟在先行詞后面,不用逗號(hào)把從句與先行詞分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。使先行詞的意思非常明確,成為特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就會(huì)失去意義不能成立,或意思不清晰,不能說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。通常譯為定語(yǔ)。

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:通常由逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開(kāi)。只是對(duì)先行詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明,沒(méi)有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清晰。通常譯為并列的句子。

eg.Iwastheonlypersoninouroffice()wasinvited.(去掉定語(yǔ)從句，意思就不完整)

Tom’sfather,()isoversi*ty,stillworksharddayandnight.(整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來(lái)翻譯)

Ⅶ.分隔定語(yǔ)從句

即先行詞與關(guān)系代詞、副詞之間被介詞短語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)等分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。

此種定語(yǔ)從句，在選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí)，要留意找準(zhǔn)先行詞。

eg.Thereisane*pressioninhiseyes()Ican’tunderstand.

Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffice()wasinvitedtotheimportantball.

IsuggestyouchoosesomeoneIthink()isverykindandfriendly.

選擇填空：

1.ItwasApril29,2022PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.

A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before

2.)Gutteroilisillegallyrecycledcookingoil,containschemicalsthatareharmfultothehumanbodyandcanevencausecancer.

A.itB.whichC.whereD.that

3.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

4.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesarebuiltclosetoeachother.

A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that

5.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.

A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while

6.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofusesitsomewhatdifferently.

A.whichB.whatC.themD.those

7.Abankistheplacetheylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.

A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there

8.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentsallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.

A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who

9TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.

A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which

10.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.

A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich

11.Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.

A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where

12.Hewassopleasedwithallwehaddoneforhimhewroteusalettertopraiseforit.

A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;that

13.Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,isknowntoeverybody.

A.itB.asC.thatD.what

14.isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandma,talkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast50minutesnonstop.

A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It

15.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,youwillreachapointinyourlifeyouneedtodecidewhattodo.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where

16.Thenovelwascompletedin1978,theeconomicsystemhasseengreatchanges.

A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen

17.Booksbringusintothepresenceofthegreatestmindshaveeverlived.

A.whichB.whoC.不填D.that

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