考研考博-英語-開封文化藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-開封文化藝術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Onweekendsmygrandmausually（）aglassofwine.

問題1選項

A.subscribesto

B.engagesin

C.indulgesin

D.hangson

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項subscribeto“訂閱；同意；捐款”；B選項engagein“從事于”；C選項indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項hangon“堅持下去；不掛斷”。句意：周末我奶奶通?！槐?。能與“一杯酒”搭配的只有C選項“沉湎于”。

2.單選題

Beingsomewhatshort-sighted,Sallyhasdevelopedthehabitof

atpeople.

問題1選項

A.peering

B.gazing

C.glancing

D.scanning

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。四個單詞均有“看”的意思，但又有區(qū)別。Peer指當(dāng)看不清時仔細(xì)去端詳；gaze表示由于對某事物感興趣或者驚訝而注視；glance表示快速地瞥一眼；scan表示非常仔細(xì)地察看某事物。根據(jù)前半句的意思“由于她近視”，因此可知選項A符合題意。句意：由于有點近視，薩麗養(yǎng)成了盯著他人看的習(xí)慣。

3.單選題

Asthecoreofthemanagementboard,hecanalwayscomeupwith____ideastopromotethecorporation’smarketingstrategies.

問題1選項

A.integral

B.instinctive

C.intangible

D.ingenious

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.integral不可或缺的B.instinctive本能的

C.intangible難以理解的D.ingenious巧妙的

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所填詞修飾的是“主意（ideas）”，前文提到他是“管理委員會的核心”，后文提到這些主意“推動公司的營銷戰(zhàn)略”。由此推測，該詞首先要能形容“主意”，并且這種主意有利于推動公司的營銷，因此，D選項ingenious“巧妙的”符合原文語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項integral“不可或缺的”，可支持的語義不夠，能夠推動企業(yè)的營銷并不能說明是“不可或缺”；

B選項instinctive“本能的”，不符合原文語義銜接；

C選項intangible“難以理解的”，不符合原文語義銜接。

【句意】作為管理委員會的核心，他總能想出巧妙的點子來推動公司的營銷戰(zhàn)略。

4.單選題

Beforeabout1960,virtuallyallaccountsofevolutionassumedmostadaptationtobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;recentstudiesofevolution,however,havefoundno（

）thispervasiveviewofselection.

問題1選項

A.biastoward

B.criticismof

C.basisfor

D.precursorsof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。biastoward“對······的偏見”；criticismof“對······的批評”；basisfor“······的基礎(chǔ)”；precursorsof“······的先驅(qū)者”。句意：在大約1960年以前，幾乎所有對進化的解釋都假定大多數(shù)的適應(yīng)是在群體數(shù)量水平基礎(chǔ)上選擇的產(chǎn)物，但是，近來對于進化的研究沒發(fā)現(xiàn)這種普遍深入的選擇觀點的基礎(chǔ)。由tobeaproductofselectionatthelevelofpopulations;及however表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知空格處與前述內(nèi)容意思相反。故C項符合題意。

5.單選題

PartofthemotivationforexploringtheKuiperBeltwastherecognitionofjusthowlittleweknowaboutthiscold,darkregionatthefringeofoursolarsystem.

問題1選項

A.core

B.edge

C.vision

D.formation

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.core（物體的）中心部分B.edge邊，邊緣

C.vision視力，視野D.formation組成，形成

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】fringe的意思為“（地區(qū)或群體的）邊緣”，這里指的是對太陽系的邊緣了解不多，edge與之詞義相近，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】探索柯伊伯帶的部分動機是意識到我們對太陽系邊緣這片寒冷、黑暗的區(qū)域知之甚少。

6.單選題

Withoutoutside（）China'sadvertisingcannotreallymatureandobtainafootholdintheglobaladsmarket.

問題1選項

A.prestige

B.consumption

C.pressure

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prestige"威望,聲望";consumption"消費,耗費;pressure"壓力,壓迫";controversy"爭論;爭戰(zhàn)"。句意:沒有外界的爭議,中國的廣告就不可能真正成熟,并且在全球廣告市場上立足。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

（）theincreaseinthenumberofcomputersinouroffices,theamountofpaperthatweneedhasrisenaswell.

問題1選項

A.Alongwith

B.Altogether

C.Although

D.Allalong

【答案】A

【解析】alongwith隨同...…一起；altogether完全，總而言之；although盡管，雖然；allalong始終，一直。句意：隨著我們辦公室電腦數(shù)量的增加，我們需要的紙的數(shù)量也增加了。選項A符合句意。

8.填空題

Intheearthquakeandtsunami,Japanfacesitsmostseriouscrisisinageneration.Theterriblehumantollisstillbeing（1）,evenasreliefeffortsaccelerate,theestimateoflivelosthave（2）fromafewhundredinthehoursafterthefloodingtoprojectionssurpassing10,000.And（3）thehumanitarianscaleofthedisasteriscominginto（4）,theultimatescopeofthecrisesattheFukushimaDaiichi,FukushimaDainiandOnagawanuclearpowerplantremains（5）,asdoestheextentofdamagetocriticalinfrastructure（6）thecountry’sNorthPacificcoast.

Inthemidstofthedisaster,economistsandpolicymakersare（7）withthedelicatetaskofassessingtheimplicationsofcurrenteventsforJapan’salready-tenuouseconomic（8）.Theanalysisisfar-reachinginitsrelevance,notleastbecauseofJapan’sposition（9）theworld’sthird-largesteconomy,thechallengesitalreadyfacesinmovingtowardfiscalsustainabilityanditsroleinsupportingglobalfinancialmarkets,（10）currencymarketsandthemarketforU.S.treasuries.

In（11）oftheearthquake,theeconomic（12）forJapanwasalreadyfairydim.Theeconomywasprojectedtogrow（13）just1.7percentin2011,accordingtoconsensusestimates,roughlyhalfthe（14）oftheUnitedStates.Significantnewfiscal（15）tosupporttheeconomywaslargelyruledoutgiventhecountry’salreadysubstantialbudgetdeficit.Atnearly200percent,thecountry’sgrossdebt-to-GDPratioissecondonlytoZimbabwe’s,thoughitsnetdebtisroughlyhalfthatlevelandservingcostsremainlow.

【答案】1.assessed

2.climbed

3.while

4.focus

5.unclear

6.along

7.faced

8.recovery

9.as

10.including

11.advance

12.outlook

13.at

14.pace

15.stimulus

【解析】1.語法題。根據(jù)空格前being可判斷本句為被動語態(tài)，應(yīng)填入動詞的過去分詞形式，又因為上文提到humantoll“人員傷亡人數(shù)”，可知這里應(yīng)該是表達(dá)對人員傷亡人數(shù)的評估。句意：可怕的死亡人數(shù)仍在評估中。所以assessed符合題意。

2.語法題。根據(jù)空格前的助動詞have可知，空格中填入動詞的過去分詞形式，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。又因為下文提到傷亡人數(shù)從洪水發(fā)生后幾小時預(yù)測的幾百人到一萬多人，可判斷出數(shù)量在增加。句意：據(jù)估計，在洪水過后的幾個小時內(nèi)，死亡人數(shù)已經(jīng)從幾百人上升到超過10000人。所以climbed符合題意。

3.邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)下文的remains“仍然”，可知上下文存在讓步關(guān)系，連詞while“盡管”，可表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系。句意：盡管這場災(zāi)難的救援力度漸漸加大。所以while符合題意。

4.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配comeintofocus“明白易懂，輪廓清晰”，句意：盡管這場災(zāi)難的救援力度漸漸加大。所以focus符合題意。

5.上下文語義。根據(jù)前后兩句的讓步關(guān)系，可知盡管加大救援力度，但是核電站危及的最終范圍還是不清晰。Unclear和上文的focus形成對比，所以unclear符合題意。

6.固定搭配。根據(jù)空格后的thecountry’sNorthPacificcoast“這個國家的北太平洋海岸”，可知填入介詞along“沿著”，可構(gòu)成搭配關(guān)系alongthecoast“沿岸”。句意：該國北太平洋沿岸關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的破壞程度也是如此。所以along符合題意。

7.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配befacedwith“面對，面臨”，可知空格中填入faced構(gòu)成搭配關(guān)系。句意：在這場災(zāi)難中，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家和政策制定者面臨著一項微妙的任務(wù)。所以faced符合題意。

8.上下文語義。根據(jù)空格前的economic，可知空格中填入的單詞與經(jīng)濟相關(guān)，economicrecovery“經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇”，economicoutlook“經(jīng)濟前景”。又根據(jù)文章第三段“Theeconomywasprojectedtogrow…”，可知經(jīng)濟預(yù)計會增長，經(jīng)濟出現(xiàn)了復(fù)蘇。句意：在這場災(zāi)難中，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家和政策制定者面臨著一項微妙的任務(wù)，即評估當(dāng)前事件對日本已脆弱的經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的影響。所以recovery符合題意。

9.上下文語義。根據(jù)空格后的theworld’sthird-largesteconomy“世界三大經(jīng)濟體”，可判斷出空格填入介詞as“作為”。句意：這一分析意義深遠(yuǎn)，不僅是因為日本為全球第三大經(jīng)濟體。所以as符合題意。

10.上下文語義。根據(jù)空格前的globalfinancialmarkets“全球金融市場”，和空格后的currencymarketsandthemarketforU.S.treasuries“貨幣市場和美國國債市場”，可知空格前后為包含關(guān)系，前者包含后兩者。所以including符合題意。

11.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配Inadvanceof“在……前面，超越”，又因為下文用的一般過去時態(tài)，可知提到的是地震之前的情況，空格中應(yīng)填入advance構(gòu)成搭配關(guān)系。句意：在地震發(fā)生前。所以advance符合題意。

12.上下文語義。根據(jù)下文Japanwasalreadyfairydim，日本地震前的經(jīng)濟前景十分昏暗，可知空格中填入economicoutlook“經(jīng)濟前景”。所以outlook符合題意。

13.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配increase/grow/decrease…at“增長、下降達(dá)……”，可知grow與介詞at構(gòu)成搭配關(guān)系。句意：2011年經(jīng)濟預(yù)計僅增長1.7%。所以at符合題意。

14.上下文語義。根據(jù)上文Theeconomywasprojectedtogrowatjust1.7percentin2011，可知日本經(jīng)濟預(yù)計在2011年增長1.7%，與下文的美國經(jīng)濟增長速度進行對比。所以可填入pace“速度”。句意：根據(jù)一致估計，速度大約是美國的一半。

15.上下文語義。根據(jù)下文giventhecountry’salreadysubstantialbudgetdeficit，鑒于國家已經(jīng)存在巨大的預(yù)算赤字，可判斷出新的財政政策刺激已被排除。所以stimulus符合題意。

9.單選題

Thisbook,______onlyappearedayearago,hasalreadygonethroughseveraleditions.

問題1選項

A.that

B.which

C.when

D.who

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。根據(jù)這個句子可知主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以空格部分為定語從句；因為主語books后面有逗號，所以這是一個非限制性定語從句且先行詞為物，故排除A、D選項；C項when在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語，不符合先行詞books；故只有B項正確。句意：這本書一年前才面市，就已經(jīng)修訂好幾次了。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

10.單選題

Theiropinionsabouttheweekendplanswere______,andthetwobeganquarrelingintotheweehoursofthemorning.

問題1選項

A.complementary

B.disputed

C.eclectic

D.excerpted

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項complementary“補足的，（基因序列等）互補的”，B項disputed“有爭議的”，C項eclectic“兼收并蓄的，不拘一格的”，D項excerpted是動詞excerpt的過去分詞，表“引用，摘錄”。由quarrelingintotheweehours（爭吵到凌晨）可知，B項符合語境。句意：他們對周末計劃的意見發(fā)生了爭論，兩人開始爭吵到凌晨。因此，該題選擇B項。

11.單選題

Ametropolitanareaconsistsofacentralcityandmanysuburbanareasinits（

）.

問題1選項

A.vicinity

B.vessel

C.upkeep

D.verge

【答案】A

【解析】vicinity鄰近，附近；vessel船，艦；upkeep維持，保養(yǎng)；verge邊緣。句意：大都市區(qū)由一個中心城市和它附近的許多郊區(qū)組成。選項A符合句意。

12.單選題

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

問題1選項

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

問題2選項

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

問題3選項

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

問題4選項

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

問題5選項

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第一段提到了為證實友誼對健康的益處所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(總的來說，友誼在我們生活中的作用并沒有得到重視)。故選C:長期以來被科學(xué)家忽視,盡管在過去一些年中有做一些相關(guān)研究。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(幾乎在每一章中，友誼對他們健康和福祉的作用都是顯而易見的)。故選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(雖然許多對友誼的研究關(guān)注的是女性之間的親密關(guān)系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以從中受益),故選D。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo認(rèn)為在許多研究中，友誼對健康的影響比配偶或家庭成員更大)。故選B:對于健康而言,朋友可能比有親戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判斷題。第六段講的是友誼對于健康的益處。

13.單選題

（

）studentsshouldbemotivatedbyakeeninterestintheatreandshouldhavesomefamiliaritywithplaysinproduction.

問題1選項

A.Prospective

B.Responsible

C.Ethnic

D.Realistic

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。Prospective未來的，預(yù)期的；Responsible負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的；Ethnic種族的；Realistic現(xiàn)實的。

句意：未來的學(xué)生應(yīng)該對戲劇有濃厚的興趣，并對戲劇創(chuàng)作有一定的了解。選項A更符合語境。

14.單選題

Theincident（）pressinterest.Reportersfromseveralnewspaperscametointerviewhim.

問題1選項

A.purchased

B.produced

C.provoked

D.processed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個事件引起了新聞界的興趣。數(shù)家報社的記者前來采訪他。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。Purchase購買,贏得;produce生產(chǎn);制造;生長;provoke激怒,煽動,引起;process加工,處理;審閱,審核。故C符合句意。

15.單選題

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.（1）Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space，awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

（2）

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

（3）

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

（4）

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

（5）

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded，“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

問題1選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題2選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題3選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題4選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

問題5選項

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:E

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。第二段開頭提到committee時，使用了定冠詞the修飾committee，說明前文該詞就已出現(xiàn)過，選項F中含有committee,也同樣提到了investigate,與下文的investigation呼應(yīng)。

2.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭袂耙痪涮峒皯?yīng)該指責(zé)的是麻省理工學(xué)院的男性文化(masculineculture)，而對此卻束手無策。選項E中提及女性沒有成為科學(xué)家是因為科學(xué)(或科學(xué)家)都是男性，與前文意思最為接近。

3.聯(lián)系上下文。空格的前一句中提到并不是每一個人都同意在麻省理工暴露的問題就是歧視的這一說法，接下來作者很有可能要舉例說明該觀點。另外，第二段末提到了一個人名Kleinfeld,說明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相關(guān)信息，選項中符合語境的只有選項B，其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”與上文信息呼應(yīng)。

4.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭袂暗亩沃刑峒癒leinfeld教授認(rèn)為麻省理工的女性科學(xué)家被邊緣化不是因為性別歧視，而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多數(shù)女物理學(xué)家所經(jīng)歷的事業(yè)問題通常來自于無意識的偏見(unconsciousbias),前后兩段內(nèi)容相反，由此可知，空格處句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折承接，C、D入選，而只有選項C中提及了discrimination,與下文遙相呼應(yīng)。

5.聯(lián)系上下文。選項A中的inalmostallcultures與上文中的across130countries互相呼應(yīng)。

16.單選題

13.

問題1選項

A.Shewillbecomeafamoussingersoon.

B.ShewillbecomeanAmericanidol.

C.Shewillsignupforatalentshow.

D.Shewillsurelystandoutfromthecrowd.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Dad,I’vedecidedtosignupforAmericanIdolinordertobecomeafamoussinger.

M:Oh,honey,don’tyouknowthatit’sreallyhardtostandoutfromthecrowd.

W:Butwherethereisaroadthereisaway.

Q:Whatistrueaboutthewoman?

【解析】常用習(xí)語。女孩說：wherethereisaroadthereisaway，表明她已經(jīng)下定決心參加比賽。

17.單選題

Theyhave____mostcarefullythetimeandthematerialsneededtocompletetheproject.

問題1選項

A.pickedout

B.leftout

C.takenout

D.figuredout

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.pickedout辨認(rèn)出；挑選B.leftout排除

C.takenout除掉；帶某人出去（吃飯或看電影等）D.figuredout計算出；想出；弄明白

【答案】D

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意：他們已經(jīng)非常仔細(xì)地……完成這項工程所需的時間和材料。根據(jù)句意，完成這項工程所需的時間和材料是需要他們仔細(xì)地計算出來的。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均不符合句意。

【句意】他們已經(jīng)非常仔細(xì)地計算出完成這項工程所需的時間和材料。

18.單選題

Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodiesdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.MostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrusheswereexposedattheEarth’ssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleadtoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.

Thechallengeinexplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview;geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated;andsensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetectthesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.

Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoidentifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

2