考研考博-英語-延邊職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-延邊職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Adynamiceconomyisfoundedonthe（）ofentrepreneurs,whichisrewardedbyprofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspiration

B.desperation

C.respiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。perspiration“汗水，努力”；desperation“絕望的境地，不顧一切拼命”；respiration“呼吸”；aspiration“渴望，抱負(fù)”。句意：一個(gè)充滿活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)是建立在企業(yè)家的抱負(fù)之上的，而這是通過利潤(rùn)來回報(bào)的。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

2.單選題

Indeed,almosteveryscientistnowfindsitisimpossibletoreadalltheworksrelevanttohisownsubject,______extensivelyoutsideofit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmoretoread

B.muchlesstoread

C.muchlessreading

D.stillmorereading

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.muchmoretoread要讀得更多

B.muchlesstoread更不用說去讀

C.muchlessreading更不用說讀D.stillmorereading仍然更多的閱讀

【考查點(diǎn)】比較級(jí)的用法。

【解題思路】句子中謂語動(dòng)詞find的真正賓語是toread…，所以比較成分中同樣要用to的不定式；而muchless為常見用法，表示“更不用說”，符合句子意思。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思，與主句語意相矛盾；

C、D選項(xiàng)中的reading和主句中賓語成分結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)等。

【句意】事實(shí)上，幾乎每一位科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在都發(fā)現(xiàn)，要讀完與自己學(xué)科相關(guān)的所有著作是不可能的，更不用說廣泛閱讀學(xué)科之外的著作了。

3.翻譯題

Theeducatedmanispresumedtoknowwhatiswrongintheworld,andwhatshouldbedonetorectifyit.Ifhiseducationhasamountedtoanything,itshouldhaveincreasedhisabilitytothinkclearlyandscientifically,andthustoknowhowtogetatthecauseandeffectofpolitical,social,economicindustrialevils.Nomanhasrighttoconsidereducationasmerelyapersonalbenefitenablinghimtobemoreprosperousandhappyintheworld.Hemustlookuponitasimposinguponhimaresponsibilitytoincreasethewelfareofothers.Toomanyregarditastheirownpossession,anddonotrealizethatitissomethingtobesharedwithothers,andtobeusedforgoodofsocietyatlarge.

【答案】受過教育的人被認(rèn)定能辨別是非,并能正確改正。如果他受的教育已經(jīng)達(dá)到了一定程度,便能提高其進(jìn)行清晰和科學(xué)思維的能力,從而了解政治、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)工業(yè)犯罪所產(chǎn)生的原因和所造成的影響。沒有任何人有資格只把教師當(dāng)作自己的個(gè)人利益,利用教育使自己在這世界上變得更加富有和幸福。他必須把它看作為強(qiáng)加于他身上的以増加他人福利的職責(zé)。太多人把教育作為自己獨(dú)有的財(cái)富,從未認(rèn)識(shí)到應(yīng)該與他人一起分享,將其最大限度地用在社會(huì)公益事業(yè)上。

4.單選題

The______cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的，不兼容的”，B項(xiàng)exceeding“非常的”，C項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”，D項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾關(guān)鍵詞cycleoflifeanddeath“生死循環(huán)”，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有D項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：生與死的永恒循環(huán)是科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的話題。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

TheBritishLibrary（

）therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contains

B.retires

C.retains

D.conveys

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。contain意為“包含，容納”；retire意為“退休”；retain意為“保持，保留”；convey意為“傳達(dá)，傳遞”。

句意：在英國(guó)出版的每一版新書，大英博物館都擁有免費(fèi)獲得一冊(cè)的權(quán)利。

6.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

（1）Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

（2）Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?（3）

Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.

Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”

Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)（4）

Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.

（5）Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.

【答案】1.當(dāng)然，他們找不到哪怕一點(diǎn)證據(jù)表明以上的傷害與失去政府援助給窮人造成的傷害有任何可比性。

2.第三個(gè)，也是與此密切相關(guān)的，旨在減輕我們對(duì)窮人的責(zé)任的設(shè)計(jì)，是公共援助措施對(duì)激勵(lì)產(chǎn)生不利影響的論點(diǎn)。

3.您真的相信我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的大人物們，比如說公司的法人或者總經(jīng)理，會(huì)因?yàn)橘嵉纳俣沼问趾瞄e，不思工作嗎？這是對(duì)美國(guó)商人，特別是努力工作的商人們的誹謗。信念可以是真理的仆從，也可以是便利的仆從。

4.無可爭(zhēng)辯的是，沒有任何一種對(duì)人的壓迫和對(duì)思想努力的束縛更甚于來自身無分文的壓迫和束縛。

5.我們常聽到當(dāng)富人抱怨他們的自由因征稅導(dǎo)致收入減少而受限，卻不曾聽到因?yàn)榈玫娇苫ㄖX而顯著提高了窮人的自由的消息。

7.單選題

Justforfun,theydecidedtotryavery（

）countryroadinsteadofthemoredirectsuper-highway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguous

B.circuitous

C.deciduous

D.nefarious

【答案】B

【解析】查形容詞辨析。ambiguous意為“含糊的，不明確的”；circuitous意為“迂回的，繞行的”；deciduous意為“每年落葉的，非永久性的”；nefarious意為“極壞的，惡毒的”。由insteadof（而不是）可知“______countryroad（鄉(xiāng)村道路）”與“directsuper-highway（直達(dá)高速公路）”相比較，因此選B。

句意：僅是為了好玩，他們決定嘗試一條非常迂回的鄉(xiāng)村公路，而不是更直接的高速公路。

8.單選題

Theyweremorethangladtoleavetheircarsparkedandwalked（

）forachange.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.for

C.to

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他們更樂意去把車停放在某個(gè)地方，然后改為走路。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Thoughsteamengineshavenowpassedthe______oftheirusefulness,theirheritageremains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prime

B.era

C.epoch

D.date

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.prime年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)期；鼎盛時(shí)期B.era時(shí)代；年代

C.epoch紀(jì)元；時(shí)期D.date日期；日子

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息passedthe______oftheirusefulness（過了它們使用的______）和主句theirheritageremains（但它的傳統(tǒng)依然存在）可推知，該句表示的是“即使蒸汽機(jī)過了當(dāng)初的鼎盛時(shí)期，但它的傳統(tǒng)依然存在至今”，空格處表示“鼎盛時(shí)期”符合句意，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C項(xiàng)都是指歷史上的一段時(shí)期，尤指發(fā)生重要事件或變化的時(shí)期，不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】盡管蒸汽機(jī)現(xiàn)在已不再有用，但它的傳統(tǒng)依然存在。

10.單選題

Thosewho（）trafficregulationsshouldbepunished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rotate

B.violate

C.abuse

D.degrade

【答案】B

【解析】句意:違反交通法規(guī)的那些人應(yīng)該受處罰。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。rotate(使)旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);(工作)由…輪值;violate違反,違犯,違背(法律、協(xié)議等),侵犯(隱私等);abuse濫用,虐待;degrade貶低,使……丟臉,使……降級(jí),使降解。因此B符合句意。

11.單選題

Sellertakestheviewthatwomenwhouncriticallyadoptphilosophicalconceptionsofknowledgemayfindthemselvessaddledwithconsequencesthatare（）theirperceptionsoftheworldandtheirpolitics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atoddswith

B.overtheoddsfor

C.againstalloddswith

D.withintheoddsfor

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。atoddswith“意見不一致”，沒有B、C和D選項(xiàng)的搭配。句意：塞勒認(rèn)為，那些不加批判地接受哲學(xué)知識(shí)觀念的女性，可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己背負(fù)著與她們對(duì)世界和政治的看法不一致的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

12.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（

）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。absorption“吸收”；dissemination“宣傳”；assimilation“同化”；interaction“相互作用”。句意：水從固體變成液體需要吸入周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量，這一吸收過程產(chǎn)生的低溫。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen（）,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.instantaneously

B.simultaneously

C.spontaneously

D.unanimously

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。Instantaneously即刻，突如其來地；simultaneously同時(shí)地；spontaneously自發(fā)地；unanimously全體一致地。句意：雖然大多數(shù)夢(mèng)顯然是自發(fā)的，但夢(mèng)境可能是由外部影響引起的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

Iphonedhimthismorning,butwhenIsaidwhoIwas,he（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rangup

B.hungup

C.shutdown

D.shutup

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ringup意為“打電話”；hangup意為“掛斷電話”；shutdown意為“關(guān)閉，停業(yè)”；shutup意為“安靜，閉嘴”。

句意：我今天早上給他打了電話，但當(dāng)我告訴他我是誰時(shí)，他掛斷了電話。

15.單選題

Ⅲ.ConstitutionalandAdministrativeLaw

RobertPostnotesthatthreeinterestshavetraditionallybeenadvancedtojustifycampaignfinancereform:equality,anti-distortion,andtheeliminationofcorruption.Eachofthesethreeinterestsisfundamentalwithinasystemofrepresentativegovernment.Eachconstituentisentitledtoequalinfluenceintheselectionofherrepresentative;electionresultsshouldtransparentlyrepresent,withoutdistortion,theviewsofthepeople;andelectedrepresentativesshouldperformtheirappropriateroles,withoutcorruption.

Noneofthesethreeinterests,however,makessensewithinthediscursivedemocracyestablishedandprotectedbyFirstAmendmentrights.Indiscursivedemocracy,asdistinctfromdirectdemocracy,publicopinionisalwaysevolving;itdoesnotmakedecisionswithrespecttowhichcitizenscanexerciseanequalinfluence.Indiscursivedemocracy,publicopinionisneverrepresented,sothatthereisnobaselinefromwhichdistortionscanbemeasured.Andthestate’sinterestinpreservingtherolemoralityofrepresentativesfromcorruptioncanatmostcountasaconstitutionalinteresttobeweighedagainstFirstAmendmentinterestsinpreservingtheintegrityofself-governmentthroughdiscursivedemocracy.ItisnowonderthattheconstitutionaljurisprudenceofcampaignfinancereformhasbeenamuddlesincethedaysofBuckleyv.Valeo.

CitizensUnitedconcludesthatneitherequality,nordistortion,noreliminatingcorruption,cancountasconstitutionallycompellinginterestscapableofjustifyinglegislationprohibitingcorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpendituresdirectlyfromtheircorporatetreasuries.Butinleapingtothisconclusion,CitizensUnitedfailstoengageinasufficientlydeepanalysisofrelevantFirstAmendmentrights.FirstAmendmentrightsprotectfreedomofspeechinordertopreservethepossibilityofself-government.TheFirstAmendmentassumesthatpersonsshouldbefreetoinfluencethecontentofpublicopinionandthatthegovernmentwillberesponsivetopublicopinion.Weassumethatelectionswillensurethatgovernmentisresponsivetopublicopinion.Ifelectionsdonotselectforrepresentativeswhoareattentivetopublicopinion,however,thelinkbetweenFirstAmendmentrightsandthevalueofself-governmentwilldisappear.Ifwedenominatethecapacityofelectionstoselectrepresentativeswhoareresponsivetopublicopinionaselectoralintegrity,legislationaimingtopreserveelectoralintegrityservesacompellingconstitutionalinterestforpurposesofFirstAmendmentanalysis.CitizensUnitedfailedtoaskwhetherthecampaignfinancelegislationitwasconsideringservedthepurposeofmaintainingelectoralintegrity.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaninteresttojustifycampaignfinancereform,accordingtoRobotPost?

2.Whatisthemajordifferencebetweendiscursivedemocracyanddirectdemocracy?

3.WhatcausesthelinkbetweenFirstAmendmentrightsandthevalueofself-governmenttodisappear?

4.WhatwasthemajorfailureofCitizensUnitedaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Eachpersonhasanequalopportunitytoberepresented.

B.Theelectionresultshouldbepublished.

C.People’sviewshouldbepresentedwithoutalteration.

D.Theelectedrepresentativesshouldperformtheirroleswith“cleanhands”.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Peopledonotvotedirectly.

B.Itdoesnotmatterwhetherarepresentativecorrupts.

C.Thereisnobenchmarktomeasurewhetherpublicopinionisdistorted.

D.TheFirstAmendmentinterestsaremoreimportant.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whenelectionsdonotselectforrepresentativeswhoareattentivetopublicopinion.

B.Agovernmentisresponsivetopublicopinion.

C.Legislationprohibitscorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpendituresdirectlyfromtheircorporatetreasuries.

D.Whenpersonsarefreetoinfluencethecontentofpublicopinion.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsconclusionthatnoneofthethreeinterestsjustifiesthelegislationprohibitingcorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpenditures.

B.ItmadenoanalysisofrelevantFirstAmendmentrights.

C.Itdidnotaskwhetherthecampaignfinancelegislationwascorrect.

D.Itjumpedtoitsconclusionwithoutanalyzingthelegislativepurpose.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Eachconstituentisentitledtoequalinfluenceintheselectionofherrepresentative;electionresultsshouldtransparentlyrepresent,withoutdistortion,theviewsofthepeople;andelectedrepresentativesshouldperformtheirappropriateroles,withoutcorruption.（每一位選民有權(quán)在選舉其代表方面具有同等的影響力；選舉結(jié)果應(yīng)透明、不扭曲人民的意見；選舉產(chǎn)生的代表應(yīng)該發(fā)揮適當(dāng)?shù)淖饔?，不能有腐?。┛芍狝選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人都有平等的機(jī)會(huì)被代表”，B選項(xiàng)“選舉結(jié)果應(yīng)該公布”，C選項(xiàng)“人們的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該不加改變地提出”原文都有提及；D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)選的代表應(yīng)該以‘清白的雙手’履行他們的職責(zé)”原文未涉及。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。定位到原文第二段Indiscursivedemocracy,asdistinctfromdirectdemocracy,publicopinionisalwaysevolving;itdoesnotmakedecisionswithrespecttowhichcitizenscanexerciseanequalinfluence.（在話語民主中，與直接民主不同，輿論總是在演變；它沒有做出公民可以對(duì)其施加平等影響的決定）以及對(duì)比第一段Eachconstituentisentitledtoequalinfluenceintheselectionofherrepresentative;electionresultsshouldtransparentlyrepresent,withoutdistortion,theviewsofthepeople;andelectedrepresentativesshouldperformtheirappropriateroles,withoutcorruption.（每一位選民有權(quán)在選舉其代表方面具有同等的影響力；選舉結(jié)果應(yīng)透明、不扭曲人民的意見；選舉產(chǎn)生的代表應(yīng)該發(fā)揮適當(dāng)?shù)淖饔?，不能有腐?。┛芍窨梢詫?duì)其施加平等影響意味著公民能夠直接投票，以及這兩者之間的區(qū)別在于是否直接投票，選A選項(xiàng)“人們不直接投票”；根據(jù)第二段Indiscursivedemocracy,publicopinionisneverrepresented,sothatthereisnobaselinefromwhichdistortionscanbemeasured.（在話語民主中，公眾輿論從來沒有代表性，因此沒有衡量扭曲的基準(zhǔn)）可知先是公眾輿論從來沒有代表性，導(dǎo)致沒有衡量扭曲的基準(zhǔn)，公眾輿論從來沒有代表性是主要原因，C選項(xiàng)“沒有基準(zhǔn)來衡量民意是否被扭曲”邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)原文Andthestate’sinterestinpreservingtherolemoralityofrepresentativesfromcorruptioncanatmostcountasaconstitutionalinteresttobeweighedagainstFirstAmendmentinterestsinpreservingtheintegrityofself-governmentthroughdiscursivedemocracy.（而國(guó)家保護(hù)代表角色道德不受腐敗侵害的利益最多可以算作憲法利益，與第一修正案通過話語民主保護(hù)自治完整性的利益相權(quán)衡）可知B選項(xiàng)“代表是否腐敗并不重要”，C選項(xiàng)“第一修正案的利益更重要”和原文相悖。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Ifelectionsdonotselectforrepresentativeswhoareattentivetopublicopinion,however,thelinkbetweenFirstAmendmentrightsandthevalueofself-governmentwilldisappear.（然而，如果選舉不選出關(guān)注公眾意見的代表，那么第一修正案的權(quán)利和自治價(jià)值之間的聯(lián)系就會(huì)消失）可知選A選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)選舉不選擇關(guān)注公眾意見的代表時(shí)”；根據(jù)最后一段TheFirstAmendmentassumesthatpersonsshouldbefreetoinfluencethecontentofpublicopinionandthatthegovernmentwillberesponsivetopublicopinion.Weassumethatelectionswillensurethatgovernmentisresponsivetopublicopinion.（《第一修正案》假定，個(gè)人應(yīng)自由影響公眾輿論的內(nèi)容，政府將對(duì)公眾輿論做出反應(yīng)。我們認(rèn)為，選舉將確保政府對(duì)公眾輿論做出反應(yīng)。）可知B選項(xiàng)“政府對(duì)公眾輿論做出反應(yīng)”和D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們可以自由地影響公眾輿論的內(nèi)容時(shí)”能確?！兜谝恍拚浮窓?quán)利和自治價(jià)值之間的聯(lián)系；定位到最后一段開頭CitizensUnitedconcludesthatneitherequality,nordistortion,noreliminatingcorruption,cancountasconstitutionallycompellinginterestscapableofjustifyinglegislationprohibitingcorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpendituresdirectlyfromtheircorporatetreasuries.（“聯(lián)合公民”得出的結(jié)論是，無論是平等、扭曲還是消除腐敗，都不能被視為具有憲法強(qiáng)制性的利益，足以證明立法禁止公司從其公司財(cái)務(wù)中直接進(jìn)行獨(dú)立競(jìng)選支出是正當(dāng)?shù)模┛芍狢選項(xiàng)“立法禁止公司直接從他們的公司財(cái)務(wù)中進(jìn)行獨(dú)立的競(jìng)選支出”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段Butinleapingtothisconclusion,CitizensUnitedfailstoengageinasufficientlydeepanalysisofrelevantFirstAmendmentrights.（但是，“聯(lián)合公民”在得出這一結(jié)論時(shí)，未能對(duì)《第一修正案》的相關(guān)權(quán)利進(jìn)行足夠深入的分析）可知選B選項(xiàng)“它沒有分析相關(guān)的第一修正案權(quán)利”，同時(shí)可知D選項(xiàng)“它沒有分析立法目的就妄下結(jié)論”過度推斷，干擾項(xiàng)；根據(jù)最后一段最后一句CitizensUnitedfailedtoaskwhetherthecampaignfinancelegislationitwasconsideringservedthepurposeofmaintainingelectoralintegrity.（“聯(lián)合公民”沒有詢問它正在考慮的競(jìng)選資金立法是否有助于維持選舉的完整性）可知C選項(xiàng)“它沒有問競(jìng)選財(cái)務(wù)法案是否正確”錯(cuò)誤，是否正確和是否有助于維持選舉的完整性是有區(qū)別的；CitizensUnitedconcludesthatneitherequality,nordistortion,noreliminatingcorruption,cancountasconstitutionallycompellinginterestscapableofjustifyinglegislationprohibitingcorporationsfrommakingindependentcampaignexpendituresdirectlyfromtheircorporatetreasuries.（“聯(lián)合公民”得出的結(jié)論是，無論是平等、扭曲還是消除腐敗，都不能被視為具有憲法強(qiáng)制性的利益，足以證明立法禁止公司從其公司財(cái)務(wù)中直接進(jìn)行獨(dú)立競(jìng)選支出是正當(dāng)?shù)模┛芍狝選項(xiàng)“它的結(jié)論是，這三種利益中沒有一種能證明禁止公司進(jìn)行獨(dú)立競(jìng)選支出的立法是正當(dāng)?shù)摹焙驮南嚆?。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Themeetingwas（）overbythemayortodiscussthetaxraiseinthecity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presumed

B.propelled

C.presided

D.pricked

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)presume“相信，擅自行為”，B項(xiàng)propel“推進(jìn)，驅(qū)使”，C項(xiàng)preside“主持”，D項(xiàng)prick“戳，扎破”。根據(jù)空格前后的關(guān)鍵詞meeting（會(huì)議）和mayor（市長(zhǎng)）可知，空格部分應(yīng)該表示“主持會(huì)議”。句意：會(huì)議由市長(zhǎng)主持，討論該市的增稅問題。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Thetwofriendssatinacornerand（）awaytoeachotherabouttheweather.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.talked

B.chatted

C.muttered

D.whispered

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。mutter咕噥，喃喃自語；whisper低聲說；chataway意為閑談，其他選項(xiàng)均不能和away搭配使用。

18.單選題

TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thrived

B.swelled

C.prospered

D.flourished

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“興盛，繁榮”；B選項(xiàng)“腫脹”；C選項(xiàng)“繁榮，昌盛”；D選項(xiàng)“繁榮，茂盛”。句意：木材響尾蛇現(xiàn)在已被列入瀕危物種名單，并且已經(jīng)在東部?jī)蓚€(gè)州滅絕了，而這兩個(gè)州曾經(jīng)有（）這個(gè)物種。根據(jù)句意這里應(yīng)該填繁盛。thrive指物（包括動(dòng)物和植物）的繁殖興盛；而prosper指的是經(jīng)濟(jì)或國(guó)力方面的繁榮；flourish指植物生長(zhǎng)茂盛。根據(jù)詞義辨析這里要選A。

19.寫作題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenwriteasummaryofitinEnglishinabout120words.Thesummaryyoumakeshoulddemonstrateyourverbalskillsinorganizingtheoriginalinformationandkeepthewordlimit.WriteyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

Developmentsin19thcenturyEuropeareboundedbytwogreatevents.TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789,anditseffectsreverberatedthroughoutmuchofEuropeformanydecades.WorldWarⅠbeganin1914.ItsinceptionresultedfrommanytrendsinEuropeansociety,culture,anddiplomacyduringthelate19thcentury.Inbetweentheseboundaries—theoneopeninganewsetoftrends,theotherbringinglong-standingtensionstoahead—muchofmodernEuropewasdefined.

Europeduringthis125-yearspanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Anumberofbasicculturaltrends,includingnewliterarystylesandthespreadofscience,ranthroughtheentirecontinent.Europeanstateswereincreasinglylockedindiplomaticinteraction,culminatingincontinentwidealliancesystemafter1871.Atthesametime,thiswasthecenturyofgrowingnationalism,inwhichindividualstatesjealouslyprotectedtheiridentitiesandindeedestablishedmorerigorousbordercontrolsthaneverbefore.Finally,theEuropeancontinentwastoanextentdividedbetweentwozonesofdifferentialdevelopment.ChangessuchastheIndustrialRevolutionandpoliticalliberalizationspreadfirstandfastestinWesternEurope—Britain,France,theLowCountries,Scandinavia,and,toanextent,GermanyandItaly.EasternandsouthernEurope,moreruralattheoutsetoftheperiod,changedmoreslowlyandinsomewhatdifferentways.

Europewitnessedimportantcommonpatternsandincreasinginterconnections,butthesedevelopmentsmustbeassessedintermsofnation-statedivisionsand,evenmore,oflargerregions,differences.Sometrends,includingtheongoingimpactoftheFrenchRevolution,ranthroughvirtuallytheentire19thcentury.Othercharacteristics,however,hadashorterlifespan.

Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintorelativelysmallchunks.Thus1789-1815isdefinedbytheFrenchRevolutionandNapoleon;1815-48formsaperiodofreactionandadjustment;1848-1871isdominatedbyanewroundofrevolutionandtheunificationsoftheGermanandItaliannations;and1871-1914,anageofimperialism,isshapedbynewkindsofpoliticaldebateandthepressuresthatculminatedinwar.Overridingtheseimportantmarkers,however,asimplerdivisioncanalsobeuseful.Between1789and1849EuropedealtwiththeforcesofpoliticalrevolutionandthefirstimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution.Between1849and1914afullerindustrialsocietyemerged,includingnewformsofstatesandofdiplomaticandmilitaryalignments.Themid-19thcentury,ineitherformulation,loomsasaparticularlyimportantpointoftransitionwithintheextended19thcentury.

【答案】【參考例文】

TheFrenchRevolutionandWorldWarⅠplayedimportantrolesindevelopmentsin19thcenturyEurope.Social,culturalanddiplomaticfactorsformedmodernEurope.From1789to1914,Europespanwasbothunitedanddeeplydivided.Europeanstateswererelativelystableuntil1871.Atthesametime,nationalismappeared.WesternEuropedevelopedfast,whileEasternandSouthernEuropechangedslowly.Duringthisperiod,sometrendslastedforalongtime,suchastheFrenchRevolution,whileothertrendshadashorterlifeofspan.Somehistoriansprefertodivide19thcenturyhistoryintofourchunks:1789-1815,1815-48,1848-1871,1871-1914.Therewasalsoasimplerandusefuldivision:1789-1849and1849-1914.Ineitherformulation,themid-19thcenturyisanimportantpointoftransitionintheEuropeanhistory.

20.單選題

Beforethebankwaswillingtolendhimmoney,ithadto______thathewasthetrueownerofthehouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.verify

B.entrust

C.acknowledge

D.grant

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.verify核實(shí)；證實(shí)B.entrust委托；交托

C.acknowledge承認(rèn)D.grant同意，準(zhǔn)予

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“在銀行愿意借錢給他之前，必須______他是這幢房子的主人”可知，空格處表示“證實(shí)，證明”符合句意，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】銀行先得核實(shí)他確實(shí)是這幢房子的主人，然后才肯借錢給他。

21.單選題

He（）amessengertotellthekingwhathadhappened.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispatched

B.authorized

C.nominated

D.entrusted

【答案】A

【解析】dispatch派遣；authorize授權(quán)；nominate任命；entrust委托。句意：他派了一個(gè)使者去告訴國(guó)王發(fā)生了什么事。選項(xiàng)B和C太過于正式；選項(xiàng)D不符合語境；所以選項(xiàng)A更恰當(dāng)。

22.單選題

Amongthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhichareusually(1)assciencefiction.(2)oftitlesarepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeople.(3),someofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeen(4)sciencefictionstories.

Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynew(5)inliterature,butitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoftenconcerned(6)thepresentationofsomeformofidealsociety,athemewhichisstilloften(7)inmodernsocieties.

Mostofthe(8)ofsciencefiction,(9),havebeenwrittenwithinthelastonehundredyears.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerneandH.GWells,to(10)justtwowell-knownauthors,havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

Modernsciencefictionwritersdon’t(11)aboutmenfromMarsorspaceadventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredictingtheresultsoftechnologicaldevelopments(12)societyandthehumanmind;or(13)imaginingfutureworldswhichare(14)oftheworldweliveinnow.(15)thistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones.

(16)anagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakessciencefiction,thewritersmayfinditdifficulttokeep(17)scientificadvances.Thosewhoare(18)clear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoing,however,mayprovidevaluablelessonon(19)todealwiththeproblemswhichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriestomasteritsnewtechnologyandcometo(20)withacontinuallychangingviewoftheworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.classified

B.collected

C.separated

D.divided

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hundred

B.Ahundred

C.Hundreds

D.Thehundred

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Otherwise

B.However

C.Besides

D.Except

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.dependedon

B.establishedon

C.basedon

D.madeon

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.development

B.improvement

C.advance

D.change

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.about

C.at

D.with

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.appeared

B.found

C.placed

D.put

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.celebrities

B.copies

C.classics

D.articles

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.whereas

B.therefore

C.however

D.moreover

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.suggest

B.speak

C.refer

D.mention

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.write

C.tell

D.describe

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.from

D.of

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.about

C.on

D.of

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.animpression

B.areflection

C.adescription

D.animitation

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.Insteadof

B.Becauseof

C.Inadditionto

D.Inspiteof

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.Through

C.During

D.At

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.infrontof

B.previousto

C.aheadof

D.before

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.enough

B.sufficiently

C.too

D.necessarily

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.whether

C.when

D.how

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.terms

B.understanding

C.agreements

D.realization

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:B

第19題:D

第20題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.classified分類B.collected收集

C.separated分離D.divided分割

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】主語those指代的是前面的books，賓語是sciencefiction（科幻小說），book和sciencefiction之間是“歸類”的關(guān)系，所以A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子語義邏輯。

【句意】當(dāng)今最受歡迎的書通常被歸類為科幻小說。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Hundred百，百個(gè)B.Ahundred一百

C.Hundreds數(shù)百D.Thehundred一百

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，關(guān)鍵詞是hundred，空格后面為介詞of，可知，hundredsof固定用法，表示“數(shù)以百計(jì)的”，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)不符合固定用法；

B、D選項(xiàng)與of不搭配。

【句意】每年有數(shù)百種書籍出版，供各種各樣的人閱讀。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Otherwise否則，不然B.However然而

C.Besides另外D.Except除非

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】前一句是“每年有數(shù)百種書籍出版，供各種各樣的人閱讀”，后一句提到“一些最成功的電影是由科幻小說來的”，從中可知這兩個(gè)句子為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句間邏輯。

【句意】此外，近年來一些最成功的電影都是科幻故事。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.dependedon依賴于，取決于B.establishedon建立在

C.basedon基于D.madeon在……上獲利，在……賺錢

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】主語是themostsuccessfulfilms（最成功的電影），賓語是sciencefictionstories（科幻故事），film和fiction之間的關(guān)系應(yīng)該是“film是建立在fiction的基礎(chǔ)之上”，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、D選項(xiàng)不符合語義邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)中的established一般和in搭配而不是on，故排除。

【句意】此外，近年來一些最成功的電影都是根據(jù)科幻故事改編的。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.development發(fā)展B.improvement提高

C.advance進(jìn)步D.change改變

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后面but轉(zhuǎn)折句的內(nèi)容“但它的祖先可以在幾百年前寫的書中找到”，其中它指的是sciencefiction，該句提到了ancestor，而上半句中空格前面提到了一個(gè)new，可知這里是有對(duì)比關(guān)系在內(nèi)。Sciencefiction（科幻小說）和literature（文學(xué)）之間，應(yīng)該是用“發(fā)展”，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、D選項(xiàng)均不符合語義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)一般指某種活動(dòng)或者理解領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)展或進(jìn)步，排除。

【句意】人們通常認(rèn)為科幻小說是文學(xué)中一種相當(dāng)新的發(fā)展，但它的祖先可以在幾百年前寫的書中找到。

6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.on在……上B.about關(guān)于

C.at在……D.with和

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】由前面的beconcerned可知，beconcernedwith固定用法，表示“涉及”，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C選項(xiàng)沒有此搭配；

B選項(xiàng)beconcernedabout表示“關(guān)心，關(guān)注”，不符合句子語義。

【句意】這些書常常涉及理想社會(huì)的某種形式的呈現(xiàn)。

7.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.appeared出現(xiàn)B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)

C.placed放置D.put拿

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】定語從句中的主語為atheme（主題），指的是前面提到的“這些書常常涉及理想社會(huì)的某種形式的呈現(xiàn)”，空格后面提到了inmodernsocieties（在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中），且用了still一詞，表示與前面內(nèi)容是一樣的，所以theme和modernsociety之間是“被呈現(xiàn)、被發(fā)現(xiàn)”的關(guān)系，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子語義。

【句意】這個(gè)主題在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中仍然經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。

8.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.celebrities名人，名譽(yù)B.copies副本，復(fù)制品

C.classics古典文學(xué)，經(jīng)典D.articles文章

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】結(jié)合下文havebeenwrittenwithinthelastonehundredyears（都是在過去的一百年里寫的），根據(jù)主謂搭配可知是文章或經(jīng)典被寫，再結(jié)合下一句的內(nèi)容BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerneandH.GWells（朱爾斯?凡爾納和H.G.威爾斯等作家的著作），提到兩位科幻小說屆有名的大作家，可知這里的最佳答案是C選項(xiàng)，表示“科幻小說的經(jīng)典之作”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合句子語義。

【句意】大多數(shù)科幻小說的經(jīng)典之作。

9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.whereas反之，