考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣東理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,______thathepaidmebacktofollowingweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oncondition

B.onpurpose

C.onoccasion

D.onlyif

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。oncondition“只要，以……為條件”；onpurpose“有目的的”；onoccasion“有時(shí)，偶爾”；onlyif“只要……就”。句意：他問(wèn)我借些錢，我同意借給他，前提是他（必須）下周還我。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Althoughheisveryrich,hisundutifulchildrenarethe（）ofhislife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.torch

B.torment

C.topic

D.topper

【答案】B

【解析】句意:雖然他很富有，但是他那些不孝順的孩子是他人生的一大痛苦。

考查名詞辨析。。torch火炬，手電筒；torment痛苦，苦惱，折磨；topic主題，題目；topper大禮帽，高檔的東西。因此B符合句意。

3.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Collaborations:TheriseofresearchnetworksAfundamentalshiftistakingplaceinthegeographyofscience.Networksofresearchcollaborationareexpandingineveryregionoftheglobe.(46)TheestablishedsciencesuperpowersoftheUnitedStatesandEuropehavedominatedtheresearchworldsince1945.YetthisAtlanticaxisisunlikelytobethemainfocusofresearchby2045.Orperhapsevenby2020.

(47)Newregionalnetworksarereinforcingthecompetenceandcapacityofemergingresearcheconomies,andchangingtheglobalbalanceofresearchactivity.Thismaywellrevealdifferentwaysofapproachingchallenges,andsolutionsthataredifferenttothoseofWesterninstitutions.Ifthesciencesuperpowersaretoavoidbeingleftbehind,theywillneedtostepoutoftheircomfortzonestokeepupwiththedynamismofthenewplayersinthisshiftinglandscape.

(48)Collaborationisnormallyagoodthingfromawiderpublicperspective.Knowledgeisbettertransferredandcombinedbycollaboration,andco-authoredpaperstendtobecitedmorefrequently.Butcouldincreasedglobalcollaborationmeanablendingofobjectivesthatrisksleavingblandpriorities?

Co-authorshipisavalidproxyforcollaborationbecausefewscientistssurrendercreditfortheirpaperslightly,sowecanassumethatsharingofauthorshipreflectsatangibleengagement.(49)Suchpublicationdataarereadilyavailable,covermanycountriesandresearchdisciplinestoagooddepth,andhavereasonableconsistencyacrossdecades.Changesinthebalanceofresearchdonebythelonescientistandthatdonebyteamscanbeseeninco-authorshipdata.Co-authorshiphasbeenincreasinginexorably.Recentlyithasexploded.

(50)AnissueofNaturetodayhasasimilarnumberofLetterstoonefrom60yearsago,butatleastfourtimesmoreauthors.Similarobservationshavebeendocumentedfromclinicalsciencetolaw.Intheearly1980s,paperswithmorethan100authorswererare.By1990,theannualtallywiththatnumberexceeded500—andithaskeptgrowing.Thefirstpaperwith1,000authorswaspublishedin2004;apaperwith3,000authorscamein2008.Bylastyear,atotalof120physicspapershadmorethan1,000authorsand44hadmorethan3,000.ManyofthesearefromcollaborationsattheLargeHadronCollideratCERN,Europe’sparticle-physicslabnearGeneva,Switzerland.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.美國(guó)和歐洲這些老牌的科研大國(guó)自1945年起一直主宰科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域。但該大西洋軸心可能到2045年不復(fù)維持此中心地位，甚至可能早到2020年就會(huì)如此。

47.新的地區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)正加強(qiáng)新興科學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)體國(guó)家的實(shí)力，并改變著全球科學(xué)研究活動(dòng)的平衡。

48.從更廣范圍的公眾視野來(lái)看，合作一般來(lái)說(shuō)是件好事。知識(shí)可以通過(guò)合作得以更好地傳播和融合，合作的論文也會(huì)被他人更多的引用。

49.這些共同合作者的出版信息極易獲得，涵蓋諸多國(guó)家和研究領(lǐng)域，而且近幾十年來(lái)一直保持合理的一致性。

50.《自然》雜志收到的信件數(shù)量與60多年前相似，但作者數(shù)量至少是60年前的4倍。類似的情況在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)、法律等很多學(xué)科也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。

4.單選題

TheHomeSecretaryhasbeenaskedto（）becausetheUnionleadersandtheiremployerscannotagreeonacourseofaction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.meditate

B.negotiate

C.intervene

D.reconcile

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)meditate“考慮，計(jì)劃”；B選項(xiàng)negotiate“談判，商談”；C選項(xiàng)intervene“干涉，調(diào)?！保籇選項(xiàng)reconcile“調(diào)停，調(diào)解”。句意：內(nèi)務(wù)大臣已被要求進(jìn)行（），因?yàn)楣?huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和他們的雇主無(wú)法就行動(dòng)方案達(dá)成一致。本句表達(dá)的含義是“內(nèi)務(wù)大臣被要求進(jìn)行干預(yù)”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

AteamofscientistreporteddramaticchangesinthepatternoficedistributionintheArtie,andasecondteamreportedastill____claim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.controversial

B.solitary

C.superficial

D.peculiar

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.controversial有爭(zhēng)議的B.solitary單獨(dú)的

C.superficial膚淺的D.peculiar奇怪的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】修飾語(yǔ)與被修飾語(yǔ)的搭配

【解題思路】空格處所填詞修飾的是claim，指尚未被證實(shí)的對(duì)某事的真實(shí)性的陳述，因此A選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的”最符合原文尚未被證實(shí)的意項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)與被修飾語(yǔ)claim搭配不當(dāng)。

【句意】一個(gè)小組的科學(xué)家報(bào)告了阿蒂冰川分布模式的巨大變化，另一個(gè)小組報(bào)告了一個(gè)仍有爭(zhēng)議的說(shuō)法。

6.單選題

Whenyouprepareforyourspeech,besuretocite（）qualifiedsourcesofinformationandexamples.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unbiased

B.manipulated

C.distorted

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。Unbiased公正的,無(wú)偏見的;manipulated熟練控制的；distorted扭歪的，受到曲解的；conveyed傳達(dá)的，傳輸?shù)?。句中“qualifiedsourcesofinformation”應(yīng)該指合格的信息,故A項(xiàng)unbiased“公正不偏不倚的”符合邏輯。

7.單選題

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘第一句中提到的“不尋常的特征或情況”是什么？’根據(jù)第三段第一句“..thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.青藏高原地帶是干燥的大陸性氣候，動(dòng)物和植被與同緯度的相似，但是與更北的地區(qū)有些不同，那里更干燥?！笨梢酝浦狝項(xiàng)動(dòng)植物生長(zhǎng)模式‘’符合其特征。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.這種植物的品種也同樣有限，一些觀察人士發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是相對(duì)肥沃的東部藏谷，也不超過(guò)70種植物。只有不到10種糧食作物。藏文“茶”是主要的主食，也許可以取代不可缺少的蔬菜?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)‘高原藏人的食物和食物制作模式’符合。根據(jù)第四段中“Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.這些困難肯定對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)睾髞?lái)不同尋常的一妻多夫制的出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)生了影響”可知，可知C選項(xiàng)‘典型的藏族社會(huì)家庭組織’符合。所以ABC選項(xiàng)都談及到了這種不尋常的特征，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。題目提問(wèn)‘這篇文章的目的是什么？’文章第一段最后一句‘Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.一個(gè)地區(qū)的生態(tài)只造成該地區(qū)居民所面臨的一些問(wèn)題，而一種文化所面臨的問(wèn)題雖然對(duì)其發(fā)展很重要，但并不能決定它的發(fā)展?！赋錾鷳B(tài)會(huì)影響但不決定人文風(fēng)氣。最后一段尾句“Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.總而言之，盡管可以提出論點(diǎn)說(shuō)，由于土地的嚴(yán)酷條件，已經(jīng)存在的一妻多夫制得到了加強(qiáng)和保護(hù)(就目前而言)，但在這種情況下，把任何性質(zhì)更強(qiáng)的原因因素都?xì)w罪于生態(tài)影響，那肯定是言過(guò)其實(shí)了?！闭劶爱?dāng)?shù)匾黄薅喾蛑频纳鐣?huì)組織結(jié)構(gòu)可能受到生態(tài)該環(huán)境的影響。因此，可推知A選項(xiàng)“分析青藏地區(qū)生態(tài)和社會(huì)之間的可能因果聯(lián)系”正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者對(duì)西藏的了解可能是什么？’本文并未談及作者自己的經(jīng)歷和研究，而是分別引述了Montesquieu’sview和Armand的描述，以及Lattimore和Kawakita的觀點(diǎn)，因此，作者對(duì)青藏高原的了解是C選項(xiàng)‘源于書本’。

推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘根據(jù)文章，下列哪項(xiàng)最可能是Montesquieu同意的？’文章第一段介紹了青藏高原的地理特征和文化，然后提出“HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.然而，不打算采用孟德斯鳩關(guān)于氣候和土壤的觀點(diǎn)作為文化決定因素?！币虼?，可以推知‘孟德斯鳩是環(huán)境決定論支持者，即外部環(huán)境決定人文風(fēng)氣’，C選項(xiàng)“在共享土地和氣候的同一個(gè)地方，文化基本上是相同的”符合他的觀點(diǎn)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘更新世冰蝕以后，仍然存在于西藏的動(dòng)植物群可以成為大陸性的動(dòng)植物群，是因?yàn)槭裁?？’根?jù)第三段中“Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.因此，在冰川期結(jié)束后，原始大陸物種中僅存少數(shù)種類的生物?！彼裕鼈儽环Q為大陸性動(dòng)植物群是因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)‘它們?cè)瓉?lái)是在大陸性氣候中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的’。

8.單選題

PassageOne

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Robotswilltakeovertheworld.

B.Robotswillrenderthemjobless.

C.Robotscanbeoverusedinhomes.

D.Robotscanbecontrollingtheirlives.22.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itiswelldevelopedforhomeuse.

B.Itstillhastechnicalobstaclestoovercome.

C.Itcanworkindangerousplacesorsituations.

D.Ithasthepotentialtobebuiltwithalaserdevice.23.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Risingcostoflabor.

B.Increasingamountofwealth.

C.Growingnumberofagedpeople.

D.Pressingneedsformodernization.24.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiastic.

B.Indifferent.

C.Doubtful.

D.Resentful.25.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.People’saffordability.

B.People’sacceptance.

C.Technicaladvances.

D.Marketpromotion.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】Robotshavebeeninthenewsalotlately.Andarecentpollfoundthat1/3oftheUKpublicisconcernedthatrobotswilltakeovertheirjobs.Butwhataboutrobotsinthehome?Oneofthemostpopularrobotsforthehomeisarobotvacuumcleaner,whichcanalsomassivelycleanyourhomewithverylittlehumaninput.AnitaroboticsisacompanystartedbyagroupofroboticsengineersfromStanfordUniversity.Theywantedtouserobotstoperformhumanchoresatanaffordableprice.ThetechnologytheydevelopedfortheirvacuumcleanersusesalaserGuidesystemtomapoutthehomein360degrees.Thisenablesthemachinetoavoidobstaclesanddangerslikestairs.AlotofsouthernEuropeancountriesareembracingthiscategoryandalsoinScandinavia.

TheScandinavianmarkethasbeenveryinteresting.They’vedonealotofresearchintryingtomodernizetheirwealth,wheretheyhaveagrowingagingpopulation.Andtheyarelookingtodeployroboticvacuumcleanersinoldpeople’shomestoactuallydothecleaning.Andnow,almost30%oftheusersareover55yearsofage.It’saverybroadspectrumofpeople.IntheUK,therehasbeenarelativelyslowadoptionofrobotsinthehome.Ithinkmaybeasaculture,we’reabitmoreskepticalonhowgoodcantheserebelsreallyperformandtaketheplaceofdoingmyvacuuming?Ibelievethiswilltakeawhilebeforerobotsareabletodoeverythingforus,atleastintheUK.Italsodependsonpeople’swillingnesstoallowthesemachinesintoourdailylives.

21.Whatwastheconcernintherecentpoll?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：最近的民意調(diào)查關(guān)注的是什么？由文中“Andarecentpollfoundthat1/3oftheUKpublicisconcernedthatrobotstakeovertheirjobs.（最近的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查表明三分之一的英國(guó)民眾對(duì)機(jī)器人會(huì)取代他們的工作表示關(guān)注。）”，可知B選項(xiàng)“Robotswillrenderthemjobless.（機(jī)器人會(huì)使他們失業(yè)。）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“機(jī)器人會(huì)統(tǒng)治世界”；C選項(xiàng)“機(jī)器人在家會(huì)被過(guò)度使用”；D選項(xiàng)“機(jī)器人可以控制他們的生活”不符合原文。

22.Whatcanwelearnabouttherobotvacuumcleaner?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：關(guān)于機(jī)器人吸塵器，我們能了解到什么？由文中“Theywantedtouserobotstoperformhumanchoresatanaffordableprice.（他們想使用機(jī)器人以合理的價(jià)格承擔(dān)人們的家務(wù)）”，可知A選項(xiàng)“Itiswelldevelopedforhomeuse.（很好地在家庭中使用）”符合原文。B選項(xiàng)“它仍然有技術(shù)障礙要克服”；C選項(xiàng)“它可以在危險(xiǎn)的地方或情況下工作”；D選項(xiàng)“它在用激光設(shè)備建造方面有潛力”不符合原文。

23.WhatisthemajorreasonbehindthepopularityofthecleanerintheScandinavianmarket?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：清潔器在斯堪的納維亞市場(chǎng)受歡迎的主要原因是什么？由文中“TheScandinavianmarkethasbeenveryinteresting.They’vedonealotofresearchintryingtomodernizetheirwealth,wheretheyhaveagrowingagingpopulation.Andtheyarelookingtodeployroboticvacuumcleanersinoldpeople'shomestoactuallydothecleaning.（斯堪的納維亞市場(chǎng)非常有趣。他們?cè)谑关?cái)富現(xiàn)代化方面做了很多研究，在這里老齡化人口較多。而且，他們希望運(yùn)用機(jī)器人真空吸塵器在老人家中幫他們從事實(shí)際的清潔打掃工作）”，可知在斯堪的納維亞地區(qū)吸塵器流行的一個(gè)原因是老齡化，所以C選項(xiàng)“Growingnumberofagedpeople.（增長(zhǎng)的老年人口）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)成本上升”；B選項(xiàng)“財(cái)富的增長(zhǎng)”；D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代化的迫切需求”不符合原文。

24.HowdopeopleintheUKreacttotherobotvacuumcleaner?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：英國(guó)人對(duì)機(jī)器人吸塵器有什么反應(yīng)？由文中“IntheUK,therehasbeenarelativelyslowadoptionofrobotsinthehome.Ithinkmaybeasaculture,we'reabitmoreskepticalonhowgoodcanthisrebelsreallyperform…（在英國(guó)，家庭對(duì)于機(jī)器人的接受還是相對(duì)較慢的。我想可能是因?yàn)槲幕脑颍覀儗?duì)如何運(yùn)用好這一新事物持有一點(diǎn)懷疑態(tài)度……）”，可知C選項(xiàng)“懷疑”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“樂觀”；B選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”；D選項(xiàng)“氣氛”不符合原文。

25.Whatisimportanttothewideuseofrobotsinthefuture?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干為：什么對(duì)未來(lái)機(jī)器人的廣泛應(yīng)用是重要的？由文中“Italsodependsonpeople’swillingnesstoallowthesemachinesintoourdailylives.（這取決于人們是否愿意讓這些機(jī)器人進(jìn)入我們的日常生活）”，可知機(jī)器人在未來(lái)的使用在于B選項(xiàng)“People’sacceptance.（人們的接受度）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“人們的負(fù)擔(dān)能力”；C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步”；D選項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)推廣”不符合原文。

9.單選題

ColinmarriedmysisterandImarriedhisbrother,

makesColinandmedoublein-laws.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.it

【答案】C

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。通過(guò)分析句子，可知空格處需要填入一個(gè)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句意：科林娶了我妹妹，我嫁給了他哥哥，這讓我們倆親上加親。

10.單選題

Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto（）theproblem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relate

B.tackle

C.file

D.attach

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)relate“涉及”；B選項(xiàng)tackle“應(yīng)付，處理”；C選項(xiàng)file“提出”；D選項(xiàng)attach“附加”。句意：盡管許多專家同意越來(lái)越多的兒童超重，但對(duì)于解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的最佳方法仍存在爭(zhēng)論。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

11.翻譯題

侵略行為似乎與許多生物結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)物質(zhì)有關(guān)，如大腦中的下丘腦(hypothalamus)。很多動(dòng)物在受到特定刺激時(shí)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出本能的侵略反應(yīng)。下丘腦似乎與動(dòng)物的這種本能反應(yīng)有關(guān)：對(duì)許多動(dòng)物的下丘腦中部分區(qū)域進(jìn)行電激，會(huì)引發(fā)這一些它們的常見侵略行為。然而，人類的大腦要復(fù)雜的多，大腦的其他結(jié)構(gòu)似乎可以抑制這種本性。社會(huì)生物學(xué)是生物學(xué)方法的一個(gè)分支，該理論認(rèn)為侵略性對(duì)于人類而言是天生并且必要的。社會(huì)生物學(xué)認(rèn)為，包括侵略行為在內(nèi)的許多社會(huì)行為都是由遺傳決定的。根據(jù)達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論，他認(rèn)為，個(gè)體存在的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)那些可以找到食物并且活到成年的個(gè)體數(shù)量。個(gè)體之間開始進(jìn)行生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，那些擁有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的個(gè)體更容易存活，并且會(huì)將它們有利于生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的基因遺傳給下一代。大部分物種所具有的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)特質(zhì)之一就是好斗性。擁有侵略特質(zhì)的個(gè)體更容易存活和繁殖，因此，與侵略行為相關(guān)的各種基因遺傳給下一代的可能性更大。該理論在眾多方面遭到質(zhì)疑，其一，人類擁有其他物種不具備的能力，這種并非侵略性質(zhì)的能力才是人類生存下來(lái)的主要原因。其二，人類身上存在太多的變數(shù)，因此，我們無(wú)法相信人類會(huì)被侵略沖動(dòng)主導(dǎo)或者支配。

【答案】Numerousbiologicalstructuresandchemicalsappeartobeinvolvedinaggression.Oneisthehypothalamus,aregionofthebrain.Inresponsetocertainstimuli,manyanimalsshowinstinctiveaggressivereactions.Thehypothalamusappearstobeinvolvedinthisinbornreactionpattern:electricalstimulationofpartofthehypothalamustriggersstereotypicalaggressivebehaviorsinmanyanimals.Inpeople,however,whosebrainsaremorecomplex,otherbrainstructuresapparentlymoderatepossibleinstincts.Anoffshootofthebiologicalapproachcalledsociobiologysuggeststhataggressionisnaturalandevendesirableforpeople.Sociobiologyviewsmuchsocialbehavior,includingaggressivebehavior,asgeneticallydetermined.ConsiderDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Darwinheldthatmanymoreindividualsareproducedthanthosecanfindfoodandsurviveintoadulthood.Astruggleforsurvivalfollows.Thoseindividualswhopossesscharacteristicsthatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistencearemorelikelytosurviveandcontributetheirgenestothenextgeneration.Inmanyspecies,suchcharacteristicsincludeaggressiveness.Becauseaggressiveindividualsaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whatevergenesarelinkedtoaggressivebehavioraremorelikelytobetransmittedtosubsequentgenerations.：Thesociobiologyviewhasbeenattackedonnumerousgrounds.Oneisthatpeople'scapacitytooutwitotherspecies,nottheiraggressiveness,appearstobethedominantfactorinhumansurvival.Anotheristhatthereistoomuchvariationamongpeopletobelievethattheyaredominatedby,oratthemercyof,aggressiveimpulses.

12.單選題

Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.

Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.

Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarcstrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity’spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity.Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?

2.Accordingtothepassage,itwasonceacommonbeliefthaturbanresidents（

）.

3.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanlifeisthatimpersonalrelationshipsamongneighbors（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Twocontrastingviewsarepresented.

B.Anargumentisexaminedandpossiblesolutionsgiven

C.Researchresultsconcerningthequalityofurbanlifearepresentedinorderoftime.

D.Adetaileddescriptionofthedifferencebetweenurbanandsmall-townlifeisgiven

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.didnothavethesameinterestsastheirneighbors

B.couldnotdeveloplong-standingrelationships

C.tendedtobeassociatedwithbadbehavior

D.usuallyhadmorefriends

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.disruptpeoplednaturalrelations

B.makethemworryaboutcrime

C.causethemnottoshowconcernforoneanother

D.causethemtobesuspiciousofeachother

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebetteritsqualityoflife

B.themoresimilaritsinterests

C.themoretolerantandopen-mindeditis

D.thelikelieritistodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstress

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Similaritiesintheinterpersonalrelationshipsbetweenurbanitesandsmall-towndwellers

B.Advantagesoflivinginbigcitiesascomparedwithlivinginsmalltowns.

C.Thepositiverolethaturbanismplaysinmodemlife.

D.Thestrongfeelingofalienationofcityinhabitants.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘下列哪個(gè)陳述最能描述第一段的結(jié)構(gòu)?’。文章在第一段的第一句指出了幾十年前存在的一個(gè)看起來(lái)非?！懊黠@的”事實(shí)。下一句用However一詞表示內(nèi)容發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折。表示近年來(lái)的研究表明這一曾經(jīng)看起來(lái)非?！黠@的’事實(shí)其實(shí)是假的?！痹谶@之后便就近年來(lái)的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。所以A選項(xiàng)‘提出了兩種截然不同的觀點(diǎn)?！_。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘根據(jù)這篇文章，城市居民…曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)普遍的信念’。根據(jù)文章第一段中第一句“modemsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.現(xiàn)代社會(huì)改變了人們的自然關(guān)系，放松了人們對(duì)親屬和鄰居的責(zé)任，取代了他們與泛泛之交的膚淺關(guān)系。”確定B選項(xiàng)‘不能發(fā)展長(zhǎng)期的關(guān)系’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問(wèn)‘城市生活的后果之一就是鄰里之間缺乏人情味的關(guān)系…’。根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句“Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.如果鄰居彼此都是陌生人，他們就不太可能去掃住在隔壁的老夫婦的人行道，也不太可能留意年輕的搗亂分子?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘讓他們不關(guān)心彼此’正確

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，一個(gè)社區(qū)越大…’。根據(jù)文章最后一段中第五句“Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.大城市的都市人也比小城鎮(zhèn)的都市人更有可能擁有國(guó)際化的視野，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的親屬角色表現(xiàn)出較少的責(zé)任感，投票給左派政治候選人，并對(duì)非傳統(tǒng)宗教團(tuán)體、不受歡迎的政治團(tuán)體和所謂的不受歡迎的人持寬容態(tài)度?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘越寬容，越豁達(dá)’正確

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問(wèn)‘這篇文章主要講的是什么?’。文章在第一段的第一句指出了幾十年前存在的一個(gè)看起來(lái)非?！懊黠@的”事實(shí)。后面馬上轉(zhuǎn)折表示近年來(lái)的研究表明這一曾經(jīng)看起來(lái)非?！黠@的’事實(shí)其實(shí)是假的。之后對(duì)比了大城市與小城鎮(zhèn)中的人際關(guān)系，重點(diǎn)在于指出大城市與小城鎮(zhèn)居民人際關(guān)系的相同之處。并且第二段第二句明確表示“Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.事實(shí)上，有意義的人際關(guān)系的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量并沒有因城市人口的增多而有所不同。’’所以A選項(xiàng)‘城市居民和小城鎮(zhèn)居民之間人際關(guān)系的相似性’正確。

13.單選題

Shewasso（）theplaythatshecriedinthefinalact.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.involvedin

B.takenin

C.givenin

D.goneinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。involvein“參與，涉及”；takein“欺騙；接受；吸收”；givein“屈服，讓步”；gointo“進(jìn)入；研究；參與”。句意：她將自己完全投入到那個(gè)話劇中，以致于在最后一幕哭了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

IfCatlinwasthepainteroftheAmericanIndian,andBierstadttheportrayeroftheRockyMountains,theartistoftheWesterncowboysandsettlerswasFredericRemington.BominCanton,NewYork,thesonofawealthypublisher,RemingtonwasaboxerandafootballplayeratYale—thelastnameonewouldexpecttobecometheartistoftheOldWest.Butasaboyhelovedhorses,andfedonthejournalsofGeorgeCatlinandLewisandClark.Attheageofnineteen,heleftcollegetolookforadventure.HetraveledfromMontanatoTexas,asacowpuncherandprospector.Remingtonhadalwaysbeeninterestedinjournalism.Nowhebegantowritedown,andtopaintandsketchwhathesaw.Thesubjectof“WinningoftheWest”sofascinatedtheEastthatmagazinesandnewspaperswerecrammedwithaccountsoftheprospector’sadventures,andofbattleswithrustlersandotherout-laws—allthetalesthatwerethennewsandhavesincebecomelegendsinAmericanhistory.

TherearealsostoriescontributedbyBretHarte,RichardHardingDavis,JoaquinMiller,andmanymore.OftenthesewereillustratedbysketchesandpaintingsfromRemington’shand,butitwasasasculptorthatRemingtonwasthegreatestartist.

1.Thewriter’spurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Bierstadt’srelationshiptotheRockyMountaincanbecomparedtothatRemington’sto（）

3.Duringhisyouth,Remingtonreadthewritingsof（）.

4.Remingtonbasedhisartonthe（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compareRemingtonwithCatlinandBierstadt

B.showhowthenewsstoriesofoneagebecomethelegendsofthenext

C.describethemajorworksofRemington

D.outlineRemington’scareer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.NewYork

B.YaleUniversity

C.thestoriesofBretHarte

D.thecowboysoftheWest

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Hart

B.Catlin

C.Bierstadt

D.Miller

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.storieshereadinnewspapers

B.thingshehadseenandexperienced

C.paintingshecopiedfromCatlina