考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)成賢學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-東南大學(xué)成賢學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Aidwassenttotheearthquakevictimsatthe___oftheIraniangovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sight

B.interest

C.require

D.request

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.sight視力；景象B.interest興趣；利益

C.require需要；要求（動(dòng)詞）D.request請(qǐng)求；需要

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，of短語做后置定語表示government“政府”的……，根據(jù)句意，地震發(fā)生后，應(yīng)該是按照政府的需求送去援助。D選項(xiàng)request請(qǐng)求；需要符合語境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)sight“視力；景象”不符合語境；

B選項(xiàng)interest“興趣；利益”不符合語境；

C選項(xiàng)require“需要”，是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，而該處應(yīng)填名詞。

【句意】應(yīng)伊朗政府的要求，救援物質(zhì)已運(yùn)送給地震災(zāi)民。

2.單選題

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife（）forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)植物的保護(hù)（抽象概念）”；B選項(xiàng)“維護(hù)，保持”；C選項(xiàng)“貯藏（量）”；D選項(xiàng)“自然保護(hù)區(qū)；居住地”，句意：一些科學(xué)家提出，地球是智能太空生物的一種動(dòng)物園或野生動(dòng)物（），就像我們?cè)诘厍蛏显O(shè)立的荒野區(qū)，讓動(dòng)物在我們觀察時(shí)自然發(fā)展。本句表示“wildlifereserve是野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)區(qū)（具體概念）”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

（）anincreaseinanti-SemiticrhetoricandreligiousdiscriminationinLatinAmerica,thePanAmericanDevelopmentFoundationandtheU.S.DepartmentofStatelauncheda“BelieveinTolerance”projectinspring2014.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Accordingto

B.Contraryto

C.Inresponseto

D.Inadditionto

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析。accordingto“根據(jù)”；contraryto“與……相反”；inresponseto“應(yīng)對(duì)”；inadditionto“除外”。句意：為了應(yīng)對(duì)拉丁美洲反猶太教和宗教歧視的情況，泛美發(fā)展基金會(huì)和美國國務(wù)院在2014年春季發(fā)起了一個(gè)“相信寬容”的項(xiàng)目。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.翻譯題

Severalyearsago,aformerSaudioilministerissuedwhathassincebecomeanoft-quotedprophecy:“TheStoneAgedidnotendforlackofstone,andtheOilAgewillendlongbeforetheworldrunsoutofoil”.Itwasalament,andacknowledgementthatadayofreckoningwascomingthatwouldchangetheglobalbalanceofwealthandpower.AflukeofgeologyhadmadethevastemptinessoftheSaudidesertthenumberonesourceofthemostimportantcommodityonearth.Butthegoodtimeswouldnot,andcouldnot,lastforever,andheknewit.

Ifyougobackfarenough,youcantracetheprosperityandsecurityofnations,corporations,andevenindividualstoenergy.Andinourpetroleum-dependentworld,that,forthemostpart,meansOilGovernmentriseandfallonit,armiesrunonit,companiesrelyonit,andconsumersdependonitfromthetimetheywaketotheirclockradiostothemomenttheyturnofftheirTVsandfallasleep.Forthepastcentury,despiterisingpricesandoccasional“crises”—moreoftenthannotmanufacturedeventsresultingfrompoliticaloreconomicforces—therehasalwaysbeenenoughoilavailabletokeeptheenginesofglobalgrowthhumming.Butthatisaluxuryofthepast.Inthefuture,anewanduncertainenergyageisemerging.

【答案】幾年前，一位前沙特石油部長發(fā)表了這一預(yù)言，后來成為人們經(jīng)常引用的預(yù)言：“石器時(shí)代并沒有因?yàn)槿鄙偈^而結(jié)束，石油時(shí)代將在世界石油枯竭之前結(jié)束?！彼吹爻姓J(rèn)，清算的日子即將到來，全球財(cái)富與權(quán)力的平衡將會(huì)被改變。地理上的意外收獲使廣袤空曠的沙特沙漠成為地球上最重要商品的最重要的來源。但是，美好的時(shí)光不可能永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去，他很清楚這一點(diǎn)。

如果你追溯到足夠久遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)代，你可以將國家的安全和繁榮、企業(yè)甚至個(gè)人都能與能源聯(lián)系起來。在我們這個(gè)依賴石油的世界上，在很大程度上，這意味著石油政府依賴于石油而起起落落，軍隊(duì)依賴于它而運(yùn)行，公司依賴它，消費(fèi)者也依賴它，當(dāng)他們從收音機(jī)的鬧鐘中醒來的時(shí)候，直到他們關(guān)掉電視睡著的那一刻。在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，盡管價(jià)格不斷上漲，偶爾也會(huì)發(fā)生危機(jī)，但往往是政治或經(jīng)濟(jì)力量造成的事件，使得總有足夠的石油供應(yīng)提供動(dòng)力，來維持全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長。但這是過去的奢侈。未來，一個(gè)新的、不確定的能源時(shí)代正在形成。

5.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenzied,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使我們能夠探索宇宙的邊陲，物質(zhì)最基本的組成部分，以及生命的奇跡。

與此同時(shí)，今天，人類所做的事情及沒能做到的事情，不僅危害地球上的生命，而且危害地球自身的生命。

全球化使世界變得更小、更快、更富有。然而，9/11、禽流感和伊朗問題提醒我們，更小、更快的世界不一定是一個(gè)更安全的世界。

我們正處在一個(gè)知識(shí)爆炸的世界之中，但卻迫切需要智慧。如今，在（新聞采訪的）原聲摘要播出變得愈來愈短，即時(shí)信息排擠了散雜文，個(gè)人生活變得更加瘋狂，這個(gè)世界需要的正是具有深刻反思能力的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。

基于所有這些原因，我相信，而且今天我更加堅(jiān)信大學(xué)的獨(dú)特和不可替代的使命。

6.填空題

"Opinion"isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste（1）,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn't（2）toomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportance（3）it."Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,"and"Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,"are（4）expressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother'sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.

Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?It（5）onwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.Forexample,youmayaska（6）"WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?"Andhemayreply,"Inmy（7）,they'reugly."Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybe（8）tochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionliemeanshispersonal（9）,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes,'It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste."

Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaper（10）thattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotsharetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmere（11）anddislikes,theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.

Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewhere（12）thesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmay（13）elementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithout（14）theevidence.

Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonly（15）,butguaranteed.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.

【答案】1.belief

2.attach

3.to

4.common

5.depends

6.friend

7.opinion

8.intolerant

9.preference

10.reports

11.likes

12.between

13.contain

14.examining

15.permitted

【解析】1.文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到“Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat...這是一種隨意達(dá)成的觀點(diǎn)或信念”中“belief”及該句前后出現(xiàn)的judgment正好與之形成對(duì)應(yīng)，故此處選belief。

2.“attachimportancetosth.著重于…重視”為固定搭配，同時(shí)由下文“…mostdoattachgreatimportance…”可知此處選attach。

3.“attachimportancetosth.著重于…重視”為固定搭配，故此處選to。

4.common“常見的;通常的”。前文提到“大多數(shù)人都很重視觀點(diǎn)”，"Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours我與你都有'同樣的權(quán)利去堅(jiān)持各自的觀點(diǎn)”"Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion每個(gè)人都有資格堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)"可知此處表示“常見表達(dá)方式”，故此處選common。

5.“dependonsth.依賴于，取決于”，固定搭配，根據(jù)前后文句意：這個(gè)標(biāo)簽是正確的嗎？質(zhì)疑別人的觀點(diǎn)是心胸狹隘的嗎？這取決于你對(duì)“觀點(diǎn)”的定義，由此可知，此處應(yīng)選depends。

6.根據(jù)上下文句意：比如，你可能會(huì)問一個(gè)…“你覺得新款福特車型怎么樣”，他可能回答“在我看來有點(diǎn)丑”，可知此處選friend。

7.“inone’sopinion在某人看來”為固定短語，故此處選opinion。

8.前文提到“Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?挑戰(zhàn)他人的觀點(diǎn)是心胸狹隘的嗎？”緊接著作者舉例，正好與“intolerant”對(duì)應(yīng)，故選intolerant。

9.下文“amatteroftaste一個(gè)喜好”是對(duì)空格處的補(bǔ)充說明，此處句意為：因?yàn)楹苊黠@，從意見上來說，謊言意味著他的個(gè)人偏好，也就是個(gè)人品味，可知選項(xiàng)preference“偏愛，喜好”最符合題意，故此處選preference。

10.前文提到“anewspaper”及下文新聞中的具體內(nèi)容可知，此處選擇reports“報(bào)道”最符合題意，故此處選reports。

11.下文提到“anddislikes和厭惡”，由and可知此處應(yīng)選擇與“dislike”相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，此處句意為：顯然，大法官們并沒有分享他們的個(gè)人偏好、他們的喜歡和不喜歡，故此處選likes。

12.根據(jù)上下文“fallsomewhere落在某地”“thesetwoextremes這兩個(gè)極端”可知這里指“在……之間”，故此處選between。

13.根據(jù)上下文句意：它不是喜好的表達(dá)，也不是謹(jǐn)慎的判斷。然而，它可能同時(shí)包含這兩個(gè)要素，可知此處選“contain包含，容納”最符合題意，故選contain。

14.上下文句意：這是一種觀點(diǎn)或信念，無論是否有審查證據(jù)；介詞without后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，可知此處選examining“檢查；審查”最符合題意，故此處選examining。

15.上下文句意為：每個(gè)人都有資格堅(jiān)持自己的意見嗎？當(dāng)然，這不僅是允許的，而且是有保證的；結(jié)合短語“notonly...butalso...不僅……而且”的用法，可知此處應(yīng)選擇與“guaranteed被保證”意義相應(yīng)的詞，故此處選permitted“被允許”。

7.單選題

BenjaminFranklin,tactlessinhisyouth,becamesodiplomatic,so（

）athandlingpeoplethathewasmadeAmericanAmbassadortoFrance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shrewd

B.foxy

C.considerate

D.adroit

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shrewd“精明的，敏銳的”，指有頭腦，善于判斷分析，精明過人；B選項(xiàng)foxy“狡猾的”；C選項(xiàng)considerate“考慮周到的，體貼的”；D選項(xiàng)adroit“（尤指待人接物）精明的，干練的，機(jī)敏的”。根據(jù)空格處前后句意，可知空格處與tactless（得罪人的，不圓通的）表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：本杰明?富蘭克林，年輕時(shí)并不圓滑，后來變得很有外交手腕，善于與人打交道，因此被任命為美國駐法國大使。

8.單選題

FactoryandaccompanyingprosperitymutedmemoriesoftheGreatDepressionandmadehimanationalhero.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transpire

B.upbraid

C.muffle

D.twist

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.transpire為人所知B.upbraid訓(xùn)斥

C.muffle使（聲音）降低D.twist使彎曲

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞的主語為“工廠和隨之而來的繁榮”，賓語為“關(guān)于大蕭條的記憶”，根據(jù)常理推斷，繁榮沖淡了人們對(duì)大蕭條的記憶；原詞muted“消音；減弱”。因此，C選項(xiàng)muffle“使（聲音）降低”最接近原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句句意。

【句意】工廠和隨之而來的繁榮掩蓋了人們對(duì)大蕭條的記憶，并且使他成為了民族英雄。

9.單選題

Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”，onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWal-MartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthatprovidesthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.

Cisoneofthelattergroups.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.

Cafepress.Com，however,isremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemupthedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.

Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.Aneleven-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.

Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehasslesassociatedwithit.”saysMaheeshJain,C’sco-founderand

vice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we9reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”

Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsourceandcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifytraditionalmerchandisingefforts,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruitionwithverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandisingisgood;I’veorderamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.

Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangible—exampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.

1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm’’inthefirstsentencemeans（

）.

2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?

4.WhatkindsofCustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?

5.Thosethathaveproblemkeepingtheircommoditiesmoving.WhatisthemostoutstandingaspectaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.survivingacrisis

B.comingintobeing

C.strugglinginthestorm

D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice.

B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories.

C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce.

D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobspeopleexperiencedinauctioning.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itscustomersarethosewhosellthingsratherthanbuythings.

B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.

C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.

D.Itsusersdon’thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.

B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.

C.Thosewhowanttoavoidthetroubleofnegotiatingwithclients.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thehelpitoffersmajorcompaniesinmarketingtheircommodities.

B.Theconveniencesitgivestocompaniesinsellingtheircommodities.

C.Thehighqualityofthemerchandiseitofferstocustomers.

D.Thespeedandsecurityitoffersuserstoputtheirideasintopractice.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義題。Weatherthestorm應(yīng)該指:安全度過高新技術(shù)巨大的衰退浪潮。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出:第一類網(wǎng)站通常被稱作“點(diǎn)擊井涂抹”比如Walmart或Sears（兩個(gè)連鎖零售商的名字）”這樣的商店擴(kuò)大到網(wǎng)上銷售；第二類充分利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的特點(diǎn)，提供一種獨(dú)特的服務(wù),故選A項(xiàng)(第一種是銷售商品，第二種是提供服務(wù))。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題?？墒褂门懦?。根據(jù)第二段第二句可排除A項(xiàng),根據(jù)本段最后一句可排除B項(xiàng),根據(jù)第三段第三句可排除D項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段第二句說:該公司的副總裁說，越來越多的公司來找我們，他們想銷售貨物，有一系列的貨物要賣，但想省去爭論的麻煩。故選C。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第六段首句提到，C最令人興奮的一點(diǎn)不是它促進(jìn)了一些大公司的產(chǎn)品銷售，它最突出的特點(diǎn)是使開一個(gè)商店變得非常簡單。因此D項(xiàng)(它為用戶提供了將其想法付諸實(shí)踐的速度和安全性)正確。

10.翻譯題

Twomodesofargumentationhavebeenusedonbehalfofwomen’semancipationinWesternsocieties.Argumentsinwhatcouldbecalledthe“relational”feministtraditionmaintainthedoctrineof“equalityindifference”,orequityasdistinctfromequality.Theycontendthatbiologicaldistinctionsbetweenthesexesresultinanecessarysexualdivisionoflaborinthefamilyandthroughoutsocietyandthatwomen’sprocreativelaboriscurrentlyundervaluedbysociety,tothedisadvantageofwomen.Bycontrast,theindividualistfeministtraditionemphasizesindividualhumanrightsandcerebrates(崇尚)women’squestforpersonalautonomy,whiledownplayingtheimportanceofgenderrolesandminimizingdiscussionofchildbearinganditsattendantresponsibilities.Beforethelatenineteenthcentury,theseviewscoexistedwithinthefeministmovement,oftenwithinthewritingsofthesameindividual.Between1890and1920,however,relationalfeminism,whichhadbeenthedominantstraininfeministthoughtandwhich,stillpredominatesamongEuropeanandnon-Westernfeminists,lostgroundinEnglandandtheUnitedStates.Becausetheconceptofindividualrightswasalreadywell-establishedintheAnglo-Saxonlegalandpoliticaltradition,individualistfeminismcametopredominateinEnglish-speakingcountries.Atthesametime,thegoalsofthetwoapproachesbegantoseemincreasinglyirreconcilable.Individualistfeministsbegantoadvocateatotallygender-blindsystemwithequalrightsforall.Relationalfeminists,whileagreeingthatequaleducationalandeconomicopportunitiesoutsidethehomeshouldbeavailableforallwomen,continuedtoemphasizewomen’sspecialcontributionstosocietyashomemakersandmothers.Theydemandedspecialtreatmentforwomen,includingprotectivelegislationforwomenworkers,state-sponsoredmaternitybenefits,andpaidcompensationforhousework.

Relationalargumentshaveamajorpitfall:becausetheyunderlinewomen’sphysiologicalandpsychologicaldistinctiveness,theyareoftenappropriatedbypoliticaladversariesandusedtoendorsemaleprivilege.Buttheindividualistapproach,byattackinggenderroles,denyingthesignificanceofphysiologicaldifference,andcondemningexistingfamilialinstitutionsashopelesslypatriarchal,hasoftensimplytreatedasirrelevantthefamilyrolesimportanttomanywomen.Iftheindividualistframework,withitsclaimforwomen’sautonomy,couldbeharmonizedwiththefamily-orientedconcernsofrelationalfeminists,amorefruitfulmodelforcontemporaryfeministpoliticscouldemerge.

【答案】相比之下，利己的女權(quán)主義傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的人權(quán)并崇尚婦女追求個(gè)人的自主，卻貶低性別角色的重要性并減少對(duì)生育子女和撫養(yǎng)子女責(zé)任的探討。

然而，從1890年到1920年，關(guān)系論的女權(quán)主義在女權(quán)思想中占主導(dǎo)地位而且現(xiàn)在仍然在歐洲和非西方女權(quán)主義者中占優(yōu)勢(shì)，它在英國和美國失去了影響。

但是利己主義的研究方法，通過抨擊性別角色，否定生理差別的重要性，譴責(zé)現(xiàn)存家庭體制是不可救藥的家長制,常常將對(duì)許多婦女來說非常重要的家庭角色僅視為毫不重要的事情。

11.單選題

Whatcouldbemorefrighteningthanaburstoflightningonasummerafternoon?Theskygoesdark,theairgoescold.Then,outofnowherethereisaburstofblindinglightandadeafeningroar,andtheworldiscompletelycoveredinwater.Nowonderancientmanthoughtthatlightningwastheworkofthegods.

Modernscientistsarestillveryimpressed."It'sthemostscaringandmostspectacularthingIknow,”saysMartinUman,professorofelectricalengineeringattheUniversityofFloridaandauthorofseveralbooksonlightning.

Thebolts（閃電）thatcutthroughtheairarereallychannelsforelectricalenergy.Theymeasureabout2inchesacross.Theirlengthmaybeasshortas70metresoraslongas20kilometres.Theyspeedthroughtheairnearlyhalfthespeedoflight.Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.

Althoughthree-quartersofthebolt’senergyisusedupinheat,enoughremainstodeliverafull125millionvolts（伏特）ofelectricity.Ifithitsatree,theblastinstantlyboilsthesap（樹液）sostronglythatthetreeexplodes.Lightninghassometimesmadehugeholesinthegroundandcuthugerocksintotwo.

Althoughonehundredlightningboltsshaketheeartheverysecond—that's8millionaday—noonehasfoundawaytouseallthiselectricity.

Lightninghasmanydisadvantages.Itstartsmillionsofforestfiresanddestroyspropertyworthmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Itisthemajorreasonforelectricityfailures.Butitsbiggestthreatistohumanlife.Lightningkillsmanypeoplebystoppingtheirheartorbreathingwithitselectrichammer.

1.Whydidearlymanthinklightningcomefromthegods?

2.Inwhatwaydoesthebolttravel?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage（）.

4.Whycan’twemakeuseoflightning?

5.What'sthetemperatureoftheairheatedbylightning?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehewasfrightened.

B.Becauseitbroughtlight.

C.Becauseitbroughtwatertotheground.

D.Becauseitburstedsuddenlyinthesky.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inalldirections.

B.Fromtheskytotheground.

C.Fromthegroundtothesky.

D.Acrossthesky.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lightningkillslargenumbersofpeopleeveryyear.

B.Lightningisthecauseofmillionsofforestfires.

C.Lightningcausesmillionsofdollars’worthofdamageeveryyear.

D.Lightninghelpstoproducecertainnitrogencompounds.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemostoftheenergyfromlightningisconsumedinheatingtheairaroundit.

B.Becausethedurationoflightningistooshort.

C.Becauseitistoodangeroustostoreitsenergy.

D.Becausewehavenotfoundanyefficientwaytocollectitsenergy.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.It’sashotasthesurfaceofthesun.

B.It’shotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

C.It’snotsohotasthesurfaceofthesun.

D.It’ssometimeshotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段首句提及“還有什么比夏天下午的閃電更可怕的呢?”接著后面主要描述閃電是如何讓人感到害怕的，最后在第一段末句說到“難怪古人認(rèn)為閃電是神的杰作?！庇纱丝芍缙谌藗冋J(rèn)為閃電來自于神是由于它讓人感到害怕，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第五句“Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.這是如此之快，以至于我們無法看到閃電實(shí)際上是從地面飛到云層上的?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“閃電有很多缺點(diǎn)。它每年引發(fā)數(shù)百萬起森林火災(zāi)，毀壞價(jià)值數(shù)百萬美元的財(cái)產(chǎn)。它還是電力故障的主要原因。但它最大的威脅是人類的生命。閃電通過電錘使人的心臟停止跳動(dòng)或呼吸停止，許多人因此喪命。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A、B、C在原文均有提及，只有選項(xiàng)D不是文章中的觀點(diǎn)，所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“盡管每秒鐘有一百個(gè)閃電震動(dòng)地球，也就是一天八百萬次，但是沒有人找到使用所有這些電能的方法?！币簿褪菦]有有效的辦法收集電能，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.在那一瞬間，電流將周圍的空氣加熱到太陽表面溫度的五倍?！币簿褪潜忍柋砻娴臏囟冗€要高，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

12.單選題

Britain’sChannelFourtelevisionsenthimtoNewYorktodoa(n)（）interviewforits“TheWord”programme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.lively

C.live

D.living

【答案】C

【解析】考查形似詞詞義辨析。alive“活著的”；lively“活潑的”；live“實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的”；living“活的；現(xiàn)存的”。句意：英國第四頻道電視欄目送他去紐約為他們的“世界”欄目做現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采訪。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.翻譯題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscientistsbuttheirformandfunction,theirstructuresandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventorsandengineersusingnonscientificmodesofthought.

TillieOlsen'sfictionandessayshavebeenwidelyandrightlyacknowledgedasmajorcontributionstoAmericanliterature,andherworkhasbeenparticularlyvaluedbycontemporaryfeminists.

Thatsexratiowillbefavoredwhichmaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.

Doctorsaremenwhoprescribemedicinesofwhichtheyknewlittle,tocurediseasesofwhichtheyknewless,inhumanbeingsofwhomtheyknewnothing.

Thiswasthedilemmaoftherottenrulingclasswhoseideologyhadbeendiscreditedandwhosepowerrestedonliesandbruteforce.

BeingbornfemaleandblackweretwohandicapsGwendolynBrooksstatesthatshefacedfromherbirth,in1917,inKansas.

Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.

Wemustcheektheconclusioninpractice,andshouldnotblindlyrelyonsuchaswasreachedmerelybycalculation.

Shewaswaitingforus,herfiguredefinedbythelightfromthehalf-openeddoor.

Americanswhowouldbepatriotsmusttrytolearnwhatitisthattheyhaveincommon,whatitisinthepublicthatisworthcherishingandpreserving;untiltheyknowthat,theirpatriotismwillhavenomorecontentthanabright,loudafternoonparade.

【答案】許多日常使用中的物品顯然受到了科學(xué)家的影響，但它們的形狀、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工藝人員、設(shè)計(jì)師、發(fā)明者和工程師根據(jù)非科學(xué)的思維方式?jīng)Q定的。

TillieOlsen的小說和散文被公認(rèn)為對(duì)美國文學(xué)做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，她的作品尤其受到當(dāng)代女性主義者的重視。

該性別比例將有利于使個(gè)體后代的數(shù)量最大化，并因此使所傳遞的基因復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)量最大化。

醫(yī)生是指這樣的一種人，他們給完全不了解的病人開自己一無所知的藥物，治療自己一竅不通的疾病。

這就是腐朽的統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的進(jìn)退兩難的處境，他們的意識(shí)形態(tài)被抹黑了，他們的權(quán)力依賴于謊言和野蠻的力量。

1917年，GwendolynBrooks出生于堪薩斯州，她認(rèn)為自出生起就面臨著兩大困難——既是女性，又是黑人。

當(dāng)他瞥見一個(gè)潛在的對(duì)手時(shí)，他的本能就是用魅力和幽默來說服他。

我們必須在實(shí)踐中認(rèn)真對(duì)待這個(gè)結(jié)論，而不應(yīng)盲目地依賴那些僅僅是通過算計(jì)而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。

她正在等我們，半開的門里透出光亮，顯出她的身形。

想要成為愛國者的美國人必須努力了解他們有什么共同之處，公眾中有什么是值得珍惜和保護(hù)的東西；在知道這些之前，他們的愛國情懷無非是一場(chǎng)自我炫耀的下午游行而已。

14.單選題

Therewasagroupofdemonstrators（）anti-governmentslogansinthesquare.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.crowing

B.chanting

C.intoning

D.crooning

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。crowing“啼叫”；chanting“喊叫，歌頌”；intoning“吟詠”；crooning“柔情低唱”。句意：一群游行示威者在廣場(chǎng)上有節(jié)奏的高喊反政府的口號(hào)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes;thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouse.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto（）.

3.Causesoffashionsare（）.

4.Presentdaysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A“對(duì)外表感到滿意”與第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare“很少有人愿意接受我們本來的樣子”；B“在意年老時(shí)候的外表”，根據(jù)文中第一段Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife“十幾歲和二十幾歲的我們比任何時(shí)期都更在意外在和在別人眼中的形象”可推斷該選項(xiàng)不正確；C“完全不能忽視時(shí)尚”，文中第一段fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion“幾乎沒人敢于忽視潮流”可知該選項(xiàng)符合題意；D“不愿意跟隨時(shí)尚”錯(cuò)誤。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A“生活中的信心”；B“個(gè)人衣著”；C“個(gè)人發(fā)型”；D“個(gè)人未來”。從文章第二段Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.“如果我們照做，電視和雜志告訴我們，我們可以自信地去見新面孔，從容應(yīng)對(duì)任何場(chǎng)合”可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意，故選A。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A“全部相同的”；B“多變的，各式各樣的”；C“未知的”；D“難以解釋的”。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.“是什么引起時(shí)尚的改變？有時(shí)候便利或?qū)嶋H需求或僅僅對(duì)某個(gè)有影響力的人物的