考研考博-英語-廣東警官學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東警官學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thedoctorponderedforawhile,tryingtorecallwhichofseveralmedicationswouldbebestto（

）thepatient’ssuffering.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.restrict

C.decrease

D.diminish

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。alleviate“減輕，使……緩和”；restrict“限制，約束”；decrease“減少”；diminish“減少，減損”。句意：醫(yī)生仔細(xì)考慮了一會(huì)，試圖回想起哪一種藥能夠最有效地減輕病人的痛苦。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentstartedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilitiesforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingview-points,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactivityresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheuniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefasBarnaGroup.

So,whenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

1.AccordingtotheParagraph1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson（

）.

2.AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople

（

）.

3.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thejustificationofthenew-filteringpractice

B.people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms

C.theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformation

D.socialmediaasareliablesourceofnews

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources

C.haveastrongsenseofresponsibility

D.liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.readers’outdatedvalues

B.journalists’biasedreporting

C.readers’misinterpretation

D.journalist’made-upstories

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline.

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend.

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)首段最后一句可知，千禧一代更希望白宮的新聞通過其他來源而不是總統(tǒng)的社交媒體平臺(tái)透漏出來。緊接著在第二段給出了原因，人們逐漸對所有的媒體喪失了信任。根據(jù)牛津大學(xué)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，在2016年美國總統(tǒng)競選期間，推特用戶分享的近四分之一的網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容是虛假新聞。由此可知，社交媒體不是可靠的新聞來源。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“KnightFoundation”定位到第三段二、三句“AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.奈特基金會(huì)針對14歲至24歲的年輕人進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)焦點(diǎn)小組調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們使用“分布式信任”來驗(yàn)證新聞。他們反復(fù)核對消息來源，喜歡從不同的角度看新聞——尤其是那些對偏見持開放態(tài)度的新聞?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)B“通過參考不同的來源去核實(shí)消息”符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Barnasurvey”定位到第五段第三句“AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.巴納研究集團(tuán)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國人認(rèn)為假新聞現(xiàn)象的主要原因是“讀者錯(cuò)誤”，而不是編造的故事或報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，原文首先提出年輕人對社交平臺(tái)的不信任，是因?yàn)樘摷傩侣劦姆簽E，因此人們開始加強(qiáng)他們的媒體素養(yǎng)技能。下文則主要是圍繞這一中心思想展開的討論，所以選項(xiàng)A最能概括全文。

3.單選題

Whenwereachedthestation,thetrainhadstillnotarrived;sowe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neednottohurry

B.needn'thavehurried

C.neednottohavehurried

D.didnotneedtohurry

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我們到達(dá)火車站時(shí)，火車還沒到，所以我們本不必那么匆忙的。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。根據(jù)句意可知空格處為與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,。needn’thavedone表示“本來不需要做某事卻做了（對過去的虛擬）”，故選B。

4.單選題

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful（

）inthemarket.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.batteries

B.bargains

C.baskets

D.barrels

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有些人喜歡在星期天購物,因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ谑袌錾腺I到物美價(jià)廉的東西。bargains做名詞表示特價(jià)商品。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.單選題

Thereisnodoubtthatdishonestor（）acquisitionofinformationisusuallyoverwhelmingevidencethatinformationwasconfidentialandnotpartofthedefendant’sskillandknowledge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blatant

B.surreptitious

C.suspicious

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。blatant“喧囂的，炫耀的”；surreptitious“秘密的”；suspicious“可疑的”；conspicuous“顯而易見的”。句意：毫無疑問，不誠實(shí)或秘密獲取的信息通常是壓倒性的證據(jù)，表明這種信息是機(jī)密的，不屬于辯護(hù)人員技能和知識(shí)的一部分。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)overseas“海外的”，B項(xiàng)abroad“往國外的”，C項(xiàng)foreign“外國的，外交的”，D項(xiàng)offshore表示“離岸的，近海的”。句意：20世紀(jì)80年代以前，中國大陸的居民對醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的概念非常陌生。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ThewordeuthanasiaisofGreekoriginandliterallymeans“agooddeath."TheAmericanHeritageDictionarydefinesitas"theactofkillingapersonpainlesslyforreasonsofmercy."Suchkillingcanbedonethroughactivemeans,suchasadministeringalethalinjection,orbypassivemeans,suchaswithholdingmedicalcareorfoodandwater.

InrecentyearsintheUnitedStates,therehavebeennumerouscasesofactiveeuthanasiainthenews.Theyusuallyinvolvethedeliberatekillingofillorincapacitatedpersonsbyrelativesorfriendswhopleadthattheycannolongerbeartoseetheirlovedonessuffer.Althoughsuchkillingsareacrime,theperpetratorsareoftendealtwithlenientlybyourlegalsystem,andthemediausuallyportraysthemascompassionateheroeswhotakepersonalriskstosaveanotherfromunbearablesuffering.

Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.

Whileitisillegaltokillsomeonedirectly,forexamplewithagunorknife,inmanycasesthelawhasputitsstampofapprovaloncausingdeathbyomittingneededcare.Further,manystateshave“l(fā)ivingwill"lawsdesignedtoprotectthosewhowithholdtreatment,andtherehavebeennumerouscourtrulingswhichhaveapprovedofpatientsbeingdeniedcareandevenstarvedanddehydratedtodeath.

Becausesuchdeathsoccurquietlywithintheconfinesofhospitalsandnursinghomes,theycanbekepthiddenfromthepublic.Mosteuthanasiavictimsareoldorveryill,sotheirdeathsmightbeattributedtoacauseotherthanthedenialofcarethatreallykilledthem.Further,itisoftenrelativesofthepatientwhorequestthatcarebewithheld.Inonecourtcase,thecourtheldthatdecisionstowithholdlife-sustainingcaremaybemadenotonlybyclosefamilymembersbutalsobyanumberofthirdparties,andthatsuchdecisionsneednotbereviewedbythejudicialsystemifthereisnodisagreementbetweendecisionmakersandmedicalstaff.Thecourtwentsofarastorulethatanursinghomemaynotrefusetoparticipateinthefatalwithdrawaloffoodandwaterfromanincompetentpatient!

"Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.Mostofthecasescomingbeforethecourtsdonotinvolvewithholdingheroicmeasuresfromimminentlydyingpeople,butrathertheyseekapprovalfordenyingbasiccare,suchasadministrationoffoodandwater,topeoplewhoarenotelderlyorterminallyill,butwhoarepermanentlyincapacitated.Thesepeoplecouldbeexpectedtoliveindefinitely,thoughinanimpairedstate,iftheyweregivenfoodandwaterandminimaltreatment.

Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.Ifwebasetherighttolifeonqualityoflifestandards,thereisnologicalplacetodrawtheline.

Toprotectvulnerablepatients,wemustfostermorepositiveattitudestowardspeoplewithseriousandincapacitatingillnessesandconditions.Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.Wemustalsoenactpositivelegislationthatwillprotectvulnerablepeoplefromthosewhoconsidertheirlivesmeaninglessortoocostlytomaintainandwhowouldcausetheirdeathsbywithholdinglife-sustainingcaresuchasfoodandwater.

1.Thetoneoftheauthorcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

2.Inparagraph3,theauthorfindsstarvationanddehydrationinducedeuthanasiaistobe"moreinsidious"because

（

）.

3.Asusedinparagraph3,whatisthebestsynonymforinsidious?

4.Theauthormaintainsthatdeathbywithholdingcareis

（

）.

5.Asusedinparagraph7,whichisthebestdefinitionofabridged?

6.Themainideaofparagraph7isthat

（

）.

7.Inthefinalparagraphtheauthorwrites,"Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestill

ourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect."Themainpurposeofthisstatementisto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleading

B.argumentative

C.compassionate

D.emphatic

E.mpathetic

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.euthanasiaislegallyconsideredtobeacriminalact

B.thepublic'sattitudetowardeuthanasiaisbecomingmorepositive

C.itofteninvolvesthosewhocannotprotest

D.thepatienthasaskedtodiewithdignity

E.itsperpetratorsareviewedaskindlycaregivers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mischievous

B.treacherous

C.seductive

D.apparent

E.cumulative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.largelyconfinedtohospitals

B.largelyconfinedtotheterminallyill

C.oftenrequestedbyfamilymembers

D.approvedbylivingwills

E.difficulttoproveifprosecuted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.trimmed

B.curtailed

C.lengthened

D.extended

E.compressed

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.lawyerswillbeunabletoprosecuteordefendcaregivers

B.nocomprehensiverightorwrongdefinitionofeuthanasiawillexist

C.usingasubjectivestandardwillmakethedecisiontoendanindividual'slifearbitrary

D.noboundarywillexistbetweeneuthanasiaandcareomission

E.‘qualityoflife’willnolongerbeabletoberigidlydefined

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.proveapreviousargument

B.illustrateanexample

C.gainsayalaterstatement

D.objecttoalargeridea

E.justifyanearlierstatement

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.”盡管他們的疾病肆虐，但他們?nèi)匀皇俏覀兊耐?，值得我們的關(guān)心和尊重，可知作者的語氣是同情的，因此C選項(xiàng)“有同情心的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“懇求的”；B選項(xiàng)“爭論的”；D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)的”；E選項(xiàng)“同感的”。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.”每年，在全國各地的醫(yī)院和療養(yǎng)院里，有越來越多的記錄在案的死亡案例是由于護(hù)理人員拒絕給予不能為自己說話的病人提供包括食物和水在內(nèi)的生命維持護(hù)理。可知作案者為護(hù)理人員，因此A選項(xiàng)“它的作案者被視為仁慈的照顧者”符合題意。

3.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.Everyyear,inhospitalsandnursinghomesaroundthecountry,therearegrowingnumbersofdocumenteddeathscausedbycaregiverswithholdinglifesustainingcare,includingfoodandwater,fromvulnerablepatientswhocannotspeakforthemselves.”可知這些病人的不是自愿選擇安樂死的，而是由護(hù)理人員有意為之的。因此A選項(xiàng)“惡意的”符合題意；B選項(xiàng)“騙人的”；C選項(xiàng)“誘惑的，引誘的”；D選項(xiàng)“表面的，可看得到的”E選項(xiàng)“累積的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段中“Extraordinary"or“heroic"treatmentneednotbeusedwhenthechanceforrecoveryispoorandmedicalinterventionwouldserveonlytoprolongthedyingprocess.Buttodenycustomaryandreasonablecareortodeliberatelystarveordehydratesomeonebecauseheorsheisveryoldorveryillshouldnotbepermitted.”當(dāng)恢復(fù)的可能性很小，且醫(yī)療干預(yù)只會(huì)延長垂死的過程時(shí)，就不需要使用“特殊的”或“英勇的”的治療。但因他或她很老或病得嚴(yán)重而拒絕給予慣常、合理的照顧或故意使其饑餓或脫水卻不應(yīng)該被允許，可知B選項(xiàng)“很大程度上僅限于絕癥患者”與作者的主張相符。

5.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第七段中“Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.”沒有人有權(quán)力去斷定另一個(gè)人的生命是否值得繼續(xù)，基本生存權(quán)不應(yīng)該被……因?yàn)橛腥苏J(rèn)為別人的生活質(zhì)量太低了。可知“abridge”與生命結(jié)束有關(guān)，因此B選項(xiàng)“被縮短”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“被修剪，被整理”；C選項(xiàng)“被加長”；D選項(xiàng)“被延長”；E選項(xiàng)“被壓縮”。

6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第七段中“Noonehastherighttojudgethatanother'slifeisnotworthliving.Thebasicrighttolifeshouldnotbeabridgedbecausesomeonedecidesthatsomeoneelse'squalityoflifeistoolow.”可知每個(gè)人的基本生存權(quán)不能由別人認(rèn)為其生活質(zhì)量太低而被縮短，因此C選項(xiàng)“使用一個(gè)主觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將讓結(jié)束一個(gè)人的生命的決定變得武斷”符合題意”。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Theseemingacceptanceofactiveformsofeuthanasiaisalarming,butwefaceabigger,moreinsidiousthreatfrompassiveformsofeuthanasia.”人們對主動(dòng)形式的安樂死的贊同看起來令人驚訝，但我們面臨著來自被動(dòng)形式安樂死的更大、更隱蔽的威脅，和最后一段中“Despitetheravagesoftheirdiseases,theyarestillourfellowhumanbeingsanddeserveourcareandrespect.”盡管他們的疾病肆虐，但他們?nèi)匀皇俏覀兊耐?，值得我們的關(guān)心和尊重?？芍髡叻磳@種被人們接受的觀點(diǎn)，因此D選項(xiàng)“反對一種廣泛的觀點(diǎn)”符合題意。

8.單選題

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”

Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.

Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.

Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate（波動(dòng)）persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.

Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.

Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.

Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1.088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.

1.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto（

）.

2.Soundisproducedby

（

）.

3.Decibelis

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound

B.amachine

C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist

D.thepilotoftheplane

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair

B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond

C.thunders

D.aflyingplane

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves

B.thepressureofradiatingwaves

C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound

D.thespeedofsound

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.

B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.

C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.

D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThePrefixMach.

B.TheSpeedofSound.

C.TheFrequencyofSound.

D.TheIntensityofSound.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”（馬赫被定義為“在被考慮的媒介中，火箭或飛機(jī)的速度與聲速的比率”）可知選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules（聲音是由物體的振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的，并通過分子的物質(zhì)介質(zhì)向外輻射的壓力的交替增加和減少而傳播）可知A選項(xiàng)“物體通過空氣的振動(dòng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞decibel定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中，由Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.（強(qiáng)度，或響度，是這些輻射波的壓力強(qiáng)度，以分貝為單位）可知C選項(xiàng)“測量聲音強(qiáng)度的單位”符合題意。

4.推理判讀題。文章最后一段的“Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.（它在其他溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中變化）”中的it指的是前句中的“thespendofsound（聲音的速度）”，然后介紹了在不同介質(zhì)中傳播的速度不同，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音以不同的速度在不同的溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中傳播”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)僅適合文章第一段的主題；C選項(xiàng)僅適合第四段和第五段的主題；D選項(xiàng)僅適合第六段的主題。文章首段與尾段都提到了聲音的速度，中間也有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音的速度”符合題意。

9.單選題

Onthatculturalandbiologicalinfluences（

）determinecross-culturaldiversityisdiscreditedbythefactthatincountlessaspectsofhumanexistence,itisculturalprogrammingthatoverwhelminglyaccountsforcross-populationvariance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.completely

B.equally

C.directly

D.jointly

【答案】B

【解析】副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“完全地，徹底地”；B選項(xiàng)“相等地，同等地”；C選項(xiàng)“直接地；坦率地”；D選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)合地，共同地”，根據(jù)句意‘文化和生物的影響相同程度地決定了跨文化的多樣性，這個(gè)觀念被另外的一個(gè)事實(shí)粉碎，即在人類存在的無數(shù)方面，文化的因素壓倒一切地解釋了群體之間的差異’確定B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.

北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)弘揚(yáng)了團(tuán)結(jié)、友誼、和平的奧林匹克精神，成為世界各國人民共同見證的文化交流的盛會(huì)。北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的成功，是中國人民和世界各國人民共同努力的結(jié)果。榮譽(yù)屬于國際奧林匹克大家庭，屬于在比賽場上奮勇爭先的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，屬于來自世界各地的自愿者。北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的舉辦，將更加有力地促進(jìn)中國體育事業(yè)向前發(fā)展，將更加廣泛地促進(jìn)中國同國際奧林匹克大家庭的交流合作，將更加深入地促進(jìn)中國人民同世界各國人民的相互了解和友誼。

【答案】TheBeijingOlympicGameshaspromotedtheOlympicspiritofsolidarity,friendshipandpeace.Ithasbecomeagrandevenofculturalexchangeswitnessedbypeopleofthewholeworld.ThesuccessoftheBeijingOlympicGamesisattributabletotheconcertedeffortsoftheChinesepeopleandpeoplefromtherestoftheworld.TheglorygoestotheOlympicFamily,toathleteswhohavecompetedhard,tovolunteersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.ThehostingoftheBeijingOlympicGameswillgiveaboosttothefurtherdevelopmentofsportsinChina,promotemoreextensiveexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheInternationalOlympicFamilyandfurtherenhancethemutualunderstandingandfriendshipbetweentheChinesepeopleandpeopleofallothercountries.

11.單選題

Honestynolongerseemstobethebestpolicywithtellingofliesbecomingacommonpartofourdailylives.Anewresearchbyapsychologisthasrevealedthatmostpeoplelieineverydayconversationwhentheyaretryingtoappearlikableandcompetent.

（1）“Peopletellaconsiderablenumberofliesineverydayconversation.Itwasaverysurprisingresult.Wedidn’texpectlyingtobesuchapartofdailyconversation,”saidRobertFeldman.

Thestudyalsofoundthatliestoldbymenandwomendifferincontent,thoughnotinquantity.（2）“Womenweremorelikelytolietomakethepersontheyweretalkingtofeelgood,whilemenliedmostoftentomakethemselveslookbetter,”Feldmannoted.

Aspartofthestudy,agroupof121pairsofundergraduatestudentswererecruitedtoparticipate.（3）Participantswereunawarethatthesessionwasbeingvideotaped.Attheendofthesession,thestudentswerethenaskedtowatchthevideoofthemandidentifyanyinaccuraciesinwhattheyhadsaidduringtheconversation.Theywereencouragedtoidentifyalllies,nomatterhowbigorsmall.

Feldmansaidthestudentswhoparticipatedinthestudyweresurprisedattheirownresults.“Whentheywerewatchingthemselvesonvideotape,peoplefoundthemselveslyingmuchmorethantheythoughttheyhad,”Feldmansaid.Theliesthestudentstoldvariedconsiderably.（4）Othersweremoreextreme,suchasfalselyclaimingtobethestarofarockband.

“It’ssoeasytolie,”Feldmansaid.“Weteachourchildrentobehonest,butwealsotellthemit’spolitetopretendtheylikeabirthdaygiftthey’vebeengiven.（5）.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

【答案】第1題:F

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)上文提到的研究以及第三段首句“Thestudyalsofoundthat...”可推測,填空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該也是描述這項(xiàng)研究的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)。所以選項(xiàng)F正確。

2.根據(jù)上句,研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),男性和女性說謊的內(nèi)容不同,但數(shù)量沒什么不同。而填空處下文描述的是男性和女性撒謊的不同方式。結(jié)合上下文,選項(xiàng)A能起到連接上下文的作用,所以正確。

3.上句提到,作為研究的一部分,研究人員招募了121對本科生參與其中。下文也都是和研究相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,而剩下的選項(xiàng)中和研究相關(guān)的只有選項(xiàng)D。

4.根據(jù)下文的“Othersweremoreextreme,...”可推測,這里是研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,所以前面應(yīng)該是“Somewere...”,選項(xiàng)C符合原文語境。

5.根據(jù)上文,我們教孩子們要誠實(shí),但我們也告訴他們,假裝他們喜歡別人送給他們的生日禮物是有禮貌的。由此可知,孩子們得到的關(guān)于說謊的實(shí)際方面的信息非常復(fù)雜,這對他們成年后的行為是有影響的。所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文語境。

12.單選題

Idon’tthinkhe’syetfoundhis______inlife.