考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)刑事警察學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)刑事警察學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

PresidentBanda’sbackgroundasadoctorhasgivenhim____intothemedicalproblemthatfacethecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aview

B.avision

C.aninsight

D.asight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析與固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)aview“（~about/onsth）看法，見(jiàn)解”；B選項(xiàng)avision“想象；幻想”；C選項(xiàng)aninsight“對(duì)某事的理解”；D選項(xiàng)asight“（看見(jiàn)的或看得見(jiàn)的）事物或景象；一個(gè)滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意：班達(dá)總統(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他____這個(gè)國(guó)家面臨的醫(yī)療問(wèn)題。總統(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他對(duì)醫(yī)療問(wèn)題更了解，原文givenhim____intothemedicalproblem，考查固定搭配giveaninsightinto“洞察……；深入了解……”。B選項(xiàng)vision意為“遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)”是不可數(shù)，C選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

2.單選題

Thekidsarehangingout.Ipasssmallbandsofstudents,inmywaytoworkthesemornings.Theyhavebecomeafamiliarpartofthesummerlandscape.Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.Noraretheyrichenoughforcamp.Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.Oncesupervisedbyteachersandprincipals,theynowappeartobein"selfcare".

Passingthemislikepassingthroughatimezone.Formuchofourhistory,afterall,Americansarrangedtheschoolyeararoundtheneedsofworkandfamily.In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopensevenoreighthoursaday,11monthsayear.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,butnearlyallschoolsarescheduledasifourchildrenwenthomeearlytomilkthecowsandtookmonthsofftoworkthecrops.Now,three-quartersofthemothersofschool-agechildrenwork,butthecalendariswrittenasiftheywerehomewaitingfortheschoolbus.

Thesix-hourday,the180-dayschoolyearisregardedassomethingholy.Butwhenparentsworkaneight-hourdayanda240-dayyear,somethingdifferent.Itmeansthatmanykidsgohometoemptyhouses.Itmeansthat,inthesummer,theyhangout.

“Wehaveahugemismatchbetweentheschoolcalendarandrealitiesoffamilylife.”saysDr.ErnestBoyer,headoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching.

Dr.Boyerisoneofmanywhobelievethataradicalrevisionoftheschoolcalendarisinevitable.“School,whetherwelikeitornot,iseducational.Italwayshasbeen.”

Hisisnotpopularidea.Schoolsareroutinelyburdenedwiththejobofsolvingalloursocialproblems.Cantheybeaskedtomeettheneedsofourworkandfamilylives?

Inmaybeeasiertopromotealongerschoolyearonitseducationalmeritsand,indeed,theeducationalcaseiscompelling.Despitethecomplaintsandstudiesaboutourkids'lackoflearning,theUnitedStatestillhasashorterschoolyearthananyindustrialnation.InmostofEurope,theschoolyearis220days.InJapan,itis240dayslong.Whileclassroomtimealonedoesn'tproduceawell-educatedchild,learningtakestimeandmorelearningtakesmoretime.Thelongsummersofforgettingtakeatoll.

Theoppositiontoalongerschoolyearcomesfromfamiliesthatwanttoandcanprovideotherexperiencesfortheirchildren.Itcomesfromteachers.Itcomesfromtradition.Andsurelyfromkids.Butthemostimportantpartoftheconflicthasbeenoverthemoney.

1.Whichofthefollowingisanopinionoftheauthor's?

2.ThecurrentAmericanschoolcalendarwasdevelopedinthe19thcenturyaccordingto（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatthecurrentschoolcalendar

（

）.

4.WhywasDr.Boyer'sideaunpopular?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.“Thekidsarehangingout.”

B.“Theyareschoolchildrenwithoutschool.”

C.“Thesekidsarenotoldenoughforjobs.”

D.“Thecalendarcalledtheschoolyearranoutonthemafewweeksago.”

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegrowingseasononnation'sfarm

B.thelabordemandsoftheindustrialage

C.teachers'demandsformorevacationtime

D.parents'demandsforotherexperiencesfortheirkids

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.isstillvalid

B.isoutofdate

C.cannotberevised

D.cannotbedefended

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hearguesfortheroleofschoolinsolvingsocialproblems

B.Hesupportsthecurrentschoolcalendar

C.Hethinksthatschoolyearandfamilylifeshouldbeconsideredseparately

D.Hestronglybelievesintheeducationalroleofschool

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.todescribehowAmericanchildrenspendtheirsummer

B.toexplaintheneedsofthemodernworkingfamilies

C.todiscusstheproblemsofthecurrentschoolcalendar

D.topersuadeparentstostayathometolookaftertheirkids

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的描述可知，作者主要想表達(dá)的是孩子們上學(xué)的時(shí)間太短，很多時(shí)間都在外面閑逛。所以選項(xiàng)A是作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，其他選項(xiàng)都是事實(shí)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段三四句“In19th-centurycities,schoolswereopensevenoreighthoursaday,11monthsayear.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.”在19世紀(jì)的城市，學(xué)校每天開(kāi)放7到8小時(shí)，一年11個(gè)月。在美國(guó)農(nóng)村，一年是圍繞著（農(nóng)作物）生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)來(lái)安排的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,”現(xiàn)在，只有3%的家庭遵循農(nóng)業(yè)模式。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)有的上學(xué)時(shí)間安排已經(jīng)不適用于現(xiàn)在的情況，也就是已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容，他(Dr.Boyer)的想法不受歡迎。學(xué)校通常肩負(fù)著解決我們所有社會(huì)問(wèn)題的重?fù)?dān)。它們能滿(mǎn)足我們工作和家庭生活的需要嗎？由此可知，Dr.Boyer的想法不受歡迎的原因是他堅(jiān)信學(xué)校的教育作用，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是當(dāng)前上學(xué)時(shí)間安排存在的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。

3.單選題

TWAwascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims'families.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.briefly

B.quickly

C.accurately

D.earnestly

【答案】B

【解析】副詞辨析。句意:環(huán)球航空公司被詬病其試圖掩蓋真相而不是立馬通知遇難者家屬的行為。

briefly短暫地，簡(jiǎn)略地。quickly迅速地，很快地。accurately精確地，準(zhǔn)確地。earnestly認(rèn)真地，誠(chéng)摯地。promptly迅速地。故選B。

4.單選題

Ⅴ.(ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw)

TheConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently.Aconstitutionalclaimisaclaimthataparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpowerortransgressedarestriction.Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.Thepredicatesofjudicialreviewinevitablydependuponthesubjectsofjudicialreview.Currentpracticespeaks,euphemistically,ofchallengesto“statutes,”thusobscuringthesubjectsofconstitutionalclaims.ButtheConstitutiondoesnotprohibitstatutes;itprohibitsactions—theactionsofparticulargovernmentactors.Thus,everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwiththesubjectoftheconstitutionalclaim.Andthefirstquestioninanysuchinquiryshouldbethewhoquestion:whohasallegedlyviolatedtheConstitution?

ThisArticle’spredecessor,TheSubjectsoftheConstitution,demonstratedtheanalyticalpowerofthisseeminglyinnocuousquestion.Tobeginwith,thewhoquestionrevealsconstitutionalculprits,triggeringtheessentialbackstopsofconstitutionalaccountability.IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.Inthetypicalconstitutionalcase,thelegislaturewillmakealaw,theexecutivewillexecuteit,andsomeonewillclaimthathisconstitutionalrightshavebeenviolated.ThefirstquestiontoasksuchaclaimantiswhohasviolatedtheConstitution?Thelegislature,bymakingthelaw?Ortheexecutive,byexecutingit?

Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.ItisthisdichotomythattheCourthasobscuredwithitsanthropomorphictropethat“statutes”—ratherthangovernmentactors—violatetheConstitution.AnditisthisdichotomythattheCourthasbeengraspingforwithitsmuddleddistinctionbetween“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”.Properlyunderstood,a“facialchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetolegislativeaction,andan“as-appliedchallenge”isnothingmorenorlessthanachallengetoexecutiveaction.

Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.

67.WhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedcannotbedecidedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolateditbecause___.

68.ThewhoquestionrelatestothefollowingBUT____.

69.Thefundamentaldichotomyaddressedinparagraph3refersto___.

70.Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedword“enterprises”isclosestinmeaningwith___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aparticulargovernmentactorhasexceededagrantofpower

B.theConstitutionempowersandrestrictsdifferentofficialsdifferently

C.differentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowers

D.differentgovernmentactorsareboundbydifferentrestrictions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theviolatorsoftheConstitution

B.thebasicformsofjudicialreview

C.peoples’knowledgeoftheConstitution

D.thepublicopinionregardinggovernmentalofficers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.“facialchallengestostatutes”and“as-appliedchallengestostatutes”

B.statutesandgovernmentactors

C.legislativeactionandexecutiveaction

D.judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.project

B.courageandwillingnesstobeinvolved

C.businessactivity

D.BusinessCompany

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】67.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Butbecausedifferentgovernmentactorsarevestedwithdifferentpowersandboundbydifferentrestrictions,onecannotdeterminewhethertheConstitutionhasbeenviolatedwithoutknowingwhohasallegedlyviolatedit.（但是，由于不同的政府行為者被賦予不同的權(quán)力，受到不同的限制，如果不知道是誰(shuí)違反了憲法，就無(wú)法確定憲法是否被違反了）可知選B選項(xiàng)“憲法賦予和限制不同的官員不同的權(quán)力”；A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)特定的政府行為者已經(jīng)超越了權(quán)力的授予”，C選項(xiàng)“不同的政府角色被賦予不同的權(quán)力”以及D選項(xiàng)“不同的政府行為者受到不同的限制”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

68.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“whoquestion”定位到原文第二段IftheConstitutionhasbeenviolated,thePeoplemustknowwhohasviolatedit,sothattheycanknowwhomtoblame,whomtovoteagainst,whomtoimpeach.Butthatisnotall.（如果憲法被違反了，人民必須知道是誰(shuí)違反了憲法，這樣他們才能知道該責(zé)怪誰(shuí)，該投票反對(duì)誰(shuí)，該彈劾誰(shuí)）可知“whoquestion”涉及到A選項(xiàng)“違反憲法的人”以及C選項(xiàng)“人民對(duì)憲法的了解”，只有人民對(duì)憲法有了解，才能知道如何責(zé)怪，投票以及彈劾；第二段Thewhoquestionalsoestablishesthetwobasicformsofjudicialreview.（誰(shuí)的問(wèn)題也確立了司法審查的兩種基本形式）可知“whoquestion”涉及到B選項(xiàng)“司法審查的基本形式”；在原文中“whoquestion”沒(méi)有涉及D選項(xiàng)“公眾對(duì)政府官員的意見(jiàn)”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

69.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“Thefundamentaldichotomy”定位到原文第三段Thisfundamentaldichotomy,betweenjudicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveaction,istheorganizingdichotomyofconstitutionallaw.（這種對(duì)立法行為的司法審查與行政行為的司法審查之間的基本二分法，就是憲法的組織二分法）可知選C選項(xiàng)“立法行動(dòng)和行政行動(dòng)”；A選項(xiàng)“‘成文法面臨的挑戰(zhàn)’和‘成文法已應(yīng)用的挑戰(zhàn)’”，B選項(xiàng)“法規(guī)和政府角色”以及D選項(xiàng)“立法行為的司法審查和行政行為的司法審查”都不符合原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

70.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到原文最后一段Judicialreviewoflegislativeactionandjudicialreviewofexecutiveactionaretwofundamentallydifferententerprises—formally,structurally,temporallydifferent.Andthesebasicdifferencesdictateboththestructureandthesubstanceofjudicialreview.（對(duì)立法行為的司法審查與對(duì)行政行為的司法審查是兩個(gè)形式上、結(jié)構(gòu)上、時(shí)間上完全不同的項(xiàng)目。這些基本差異決定了司法審查的結(jié)構(gòu)和實(shí)質(zhì)），“enterprises”本身表示企業(yè)，但是根據(jù)原文，探討的內(nèi)容是憲法的問(wèn)題，和商業(yè)無(wú)關(guān)，排除C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)活動(dòng)”和D選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)公司”；B選項(xiàng)“參與的勇氣和意愿”并不是原文所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容；從原文可以判斷出“enterprises”表示“項(xiàng)目”，A選項(xiàng)“項(xiàng)目”符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Inthislaw,______,“state”meansaterritoryorgroupofterritorieshavingitsownlawofnationality.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.otherwisethecontextrequires

B.unlessthecontextrequires

C.thecontextotherwise

D.unlessthecontextotherwiserequires

【答案】D

【解析】考查連詞和固定搭配。在法律英語(yǔ)中，unlessthecontextotherwiserequires“除上下文另有所指”經(jīng)常使用，Otherwise在這里是作為形容詞“另外的”使用；A選項(xiàng)缺少連詞，B選項(xiàng)“除非上下文要求”語(yǔ)義矛盾，C選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義不完整；這句話(huà)句意是：在本條法令中，除上下文另有所指，“國(guó)家”指擁有自己的國(guó)籍法的一個(gè)領(lǐng)土或一組領(lǐng)土。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意，只有D項(xiàng)是通順且符合語(yǔ)法的。

6.單選題

Thearchitectmustrespondtotheculturalconcernsofsociety______andpayattentiontothefunctionalandaestheticaspectofthebuildings.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atheart

C.atmost

D.atbest

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)atlarge“詳盡的，未被捕的，整體的，普遍的”，B項(xiàng)atheart“本質(zhì)上，內(nèi)心里”，C項(xiàng)atmost“至多”，D項(xiàng)atbest“最多”。根據(jù)Thearchitectmustrespondtotheculturalconcernsofsociety______“建筑師必須回應(yīng)社會(huì)……關(guān)注的文化問(wèn)題”可知，“普遍的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：建筑師必須回應(yīng)社會(huì)普遍關(guān)注的文化問(wèn)題，并關(guān)注建筑的功能和美學(xué)方面。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

PerhapsallcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichreadFragile:“HandlewithCare.’，Itwillneverdo,thesedays,togoaroundreferringtocriminalasviolentthugs.Youmustrefertothempolitelyas“socialmisfits”（不能適應(yīng)社會(huì)的人）.Theprofessionalkillerwhowouldn’tthinktwiceaboutusinghiscluborknifetobattersomeharmlessoldladytodeathinordertorobherofhermeagerlifesavingsmustneverbegivenadoseofhisownmedicine.Heisinneedof“hospitaltreatment.’’Accordingtohismisguideddefenders,societyistoblame.Awickedsocietybreedsevil-orsotheargumentgoes.Whenyoulistentothiskindoftalk,itmakesyouwonderwhywearen'tallcriminals.Wehavedoneawaywiththeabsurdlyharshlawsofthenineteenthcenturyandthisisonlyright.Butsurelyenoughisenough.ThemostsenselesspieceofcriminallegislationinBritainandanumberofothercountrieshasbeenthesuspensionofcapitalpunishment.

Theviolentcriminalhasbecomeakindofhero-figureinourtime.Heisglorifiedonthescreen;heispursuedbythepressandpaidvastsumofmoneyforhismemories."Newspaperswhichspecializeincrimereportingenjoyenormouscirculationsandthepublishersoftrashycopsandrobbersstoriesor"murdermysterieshaveneverhaditsogood.Whenyoureadabouttheachievementsofthegreattrainrobbers,itmakesyouwonderwhetheryouarereadingaboutsomegloriousresistancemovement.Thehardenedcriminaliscuddledandcossetedbythesociologistsontheonehandandadoredasaherobythemassesontheother.It'snowonderheisaprivilegedpersonwhoexpectsandreceivesVIPtreatmentwhereverhegoes.

Capitalpunishmentusedtobeamajordeterrent.Itmadetheviolentrobberthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.Itgavethecoldbloodedpoisonersomethingtoponderaboutwhilehewasshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.Itpreventedunarmedpolicemenfrombeingkilledwhilepursuingtheirdutybykillersarmedwithautomaticweapons.Aboveall,itprotectedthemostvulnerablemembersofsociety,youngchildren,frombrutalviolence.Itishorrifyingtothinkthatthecriminalcanliterallygetawaywithmurder.Weallknowthat"Iifesentence"doesnotmeanwhatitsays.Aftertenyearsorsoofgoodconduct,themostdesperatevillainisfreetoreturntosocietywherehewillliveverycomfortably,thankyou,ontheproceedsofhiscrime,orhewillgooncommittingoffencesuntilheiscaughtagain.Peoplearealwayswillingtoholdliberalviewsattheexpenseofothers.It’salwaysfashionabletoposeasthedefenderoftheunder-dog,solongasyou,personally,remainunaffected.Didthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheirdesireforfairplay,consultthevictimsbeforethesuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,yousee;theycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sopinion?

2.Thetonetakenbytheauthortowardsthesedefendersofcrimeinthepassageis（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Allcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardsread:“Fragile:HandlewithCare”

B.Capitalpunishmentistheonlywaytodetercriminals

C.Societyistoblame

D.Allcriminalsneedhospitaltreatment.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ironical

B.critical

C.agitated

D.controversial

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Therehasbeenamarkedtrendinsocietytowardsthehumanetreatmentoflessfortunatemembers.

B.Everyoneinsocietythinksitreasonablethatallcriminalsshouldbepunished.

C.Theauthorsympathizeswithallcriminals.

D.Robbersusuallythinktwicebeforeshooting.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Professionalkillersshouldnotbetreatedwithhumanetreatment

B.Theviolentrobbersshouldthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.

C.Weshouldgivethepoisonertimetoponderaboutwhileheisshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.

D.Severepunishment,evendeathpenalty,shouldbegiventocriminals.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題?？v觀(guān)全文以及第一段末句“ThemostsenselesspieceofcriminallegislationinBritainandanumberofothercountrieshasbeenthesuspensionofcapitalpunishment.英國(guó)和其他一些國(guó)家最愚蠢的刑事立法就是暫停死刑?！笨芍髡邔?duì)暫停死刑這種做法是不認(rèn)同的。答案B

第2題:觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“defendersofcrime”定位到第一段“Accordingtohismisguideddefenders,societyistoblame.Awickedsocietybreedsevil-orsotheargumentgoes.按照他那些被誤導(dǎo)的辯護(hù)者的說(shuō)法，社會(huì)是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住Ｒ粋€(gè)邪惡的社會(huì)孕育著邪惡?！币约拔恼履┚洹癉idthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheirdesireforfairplay,consultthevictimsbeforethesuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,yousee;theycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead.人們不禁要問(wèn)，犯罪的辯護(hù)人是否出于對(duì)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的渴望，在暫緩執(zhí)行死刑之前會(huì)咨詢(xún)受害者的意見(jiàn)?不，你看到；他們不能，因?yàn)樗械氖芎φ叨妓懒恕！笨芍髡邔?duì)這些罪犯的辯護(hù)律師是諷刺的態(tài)度。答案A

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Itwillneverdo,thesedays,togoaroundreferringtocriminalasviolentthugs.Youmustrefertothempolitelyas“socialmisfits”.現(xiàn)在，把罪犯稱(chēng)為暴力暴徒是絕對(duì)不可能的。你必須禮貌地稱(chēng)他們?yōu)椤安贿m應(yīng)社會(huì)的人”。以及“It’salwaysfashionabletoposeasthedefenderoftheunder-dog,solongasyou,personally,remainunaffected.只要你個(gè)人不受影響，擺出弱者的姿態(tài)總是很時(shí)尚的?！笨芍藗儗?duì)于弱者或不幸的人通常采取寬容的態(tài)度。故A項(xiàng)正確，B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“作者同情所有罪犯”與原文中作者的態(tài)度不符，文中作者認(rèn)為廢除死刑是很愚蠢的事情，所以作者不會(huì)同情所有的罪犯。D項(xiàng)“搶劫犯在開(kāi)槍之前會(huì)三思”是建立在“死刑的威懾作用下”。故D項(xiàng)表述絕對(duì)。答案A

第4題:推理判斷題。通讀全文可知D項(xiàng)正確，死刑才是震懾罪犯的唯一手段。答案D

8.填空題

Inaddition,changesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways,tomakethemmoreresistanttoquakes.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Ctomake改為making

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】C部分到句尾是句子的狀語(yǔ)，前面說(shuō)到洛杉磯修改了建筑法規(guī)，這一舉措使城市建筑和高速公路更堅(jiān)固，伴隨而來(lái)的是抗震能力提高了，C部分到句尾這部分為伴隨狀語(yǔ)，因此C部分應(yīng)為making。

【句意】此外，在過(guò)去20年里，洛杉磯對(duì)建筑法規(guī)進(jìn)行了修改，加強(qiáng)了城市建筑和高速公路的抗震能力。

9.單選題

HeimpliedthatthePresidenthadliedand（）obstructedjustice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nonetheless

B.however

C.thereby

D.likewise

【答案】C

【解析】連詞辨析，考查語(yǔ)句之間聯(lián)系的把握。nonetheless“盡管如此”;however“然而”;thereby“因此”;likewise“同樣地”。句意：他暗示道：總統(tǒng)說(shuō)謊了，并且因此使事情變得不公正。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Atypeofcellthatfloatsfreelyintheamnioticfluidofpregnantwomenhasbeenfoundtohavemanyofthesametraitsasembryonicstemcells,includinganabilitytogrowintobrain,muscleandothertissuesthatcouldbeusedtotreatavarietyofdiseases,scientistsreportedyesterday.

Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting,areeasiertomaintaininlaboratorydishesthanembryonicstemcells-thehighlyversatilecellsthatcomefromdestroyedhumanembryosandareatthecenterofaheatedcongressionaldebatethatwillresumethisweek.

Moreover,becausethecellsareageneticmatchtothedevelopingfetus,tissuesgrownfromtheminthelaboratorywillnotberejectediftheyareusedtotreatbirthdefectsinthatnewborn,researcherssaid.Alternatively,thecellscouldbefrozen,providingapersonalizedtissuebankforuselaterinlife.

Thenewcellsareaddingcredencetoanemergingconsensusamongexpertsthatthepopulardistinctionbetweenembryonicand“adult”stemcells-thoseisolatedfromadultbonemarrowandotherorgans-isartificial.

Increasingly,itappearsthereisacontinuumofstemcelltypes,rangingfromtheembryoniconesthatcanmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame,uptoadultonesthatcanturnintoalimitednumberoftissuesbutarerelativelyeasytocontrol.

Thenewlyanalyzedfetalstemcells,scientistssaid,havemanyoftheadvantagesofboth.

“Theygrowfast,asfastasembryonicstemcells,andtheyshowgreatpluripotentiality,”meaningtheycanbecomemanykindsoftissues,saidstudyleaderAnthonyAtala,directoroftheInstituteforRegenerativeMedicineatWakeForestUniversitySchoolofMedicineinWinston-Salem,N.C.“Buttheyremainstableforyearswithoutformingtumors,”headded,somethingthatembryoniccellsarenotverygoodat.

Atalaandotherscientistsemphasizedthattheydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.

“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza,scientificdirectoratAdvancedCellTechnologyinWorcester,Mass.“We’regoingtohavetoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalconditions.”

GeorgeDaley,aHarvardstemcellresearcher,echoedthatsentiment.“Theyarenotareplacementforembryonicstemcells,”hesaid.

Butinthepast,evenhintsthatnon-embryoniccellsmighthavemedicalpotentialsimilartoembryoniconeshavecomplicatedthepoliticalpushtoexpandfederalfundingforthecontroversialfield.Andaccordingly,opponentsquicklypouncedonthenewresults.

65.（）isnotatraitofembryonicstemcells.

66.Thecellsthatareshedbythedevelopingfetusare（）.

67.Tissuesgrownfromthesecellsinthelaboratorywillnotberejectedastheyare（）.

68.Embryonicstemcellscan（）.

69.RobertLanzasaid“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall.”Hemeant（）.

70.Theword“retrieved”inthesecondparagraphcanbebestreplacedby（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Growingintobraintissues

B.Usingembryonicstemcellstotreatavarietyofdiseases

C.Causingavarietyofdiseases

D.Growingintomuscletissues

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.atthecenterofaheatedcongressionaldebate

B.moredifficulttomaintaininlaboratorydishesthanembryonicstemcells

C.difficulttoretrieveduringroutineprenataltesting

D.easilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.freeofbirthdefects

B.easiertocultivate

C.ageneticmatchtothedonor

D.canbefrozenforusebyanyoneinneed

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.turnintoalimitednumberoftissuesandaredifficulttotame

B.turnintoalimitednumberoftissuesbutarerelativelyeasytocontrol

C.canmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissueandarerelativelyeasytocontrol

D.canmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hedoesnotbelievethesecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant

B.heknowspeoplehavedifferentsizefeet

C.hewillstillneedtoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalcondition

D.evenhintsthatnon-embryoniccellsmighthavemedicalpotentialhascomplicatedthings

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.takenoutfortesting

B.collectedforotheruses

C.sampledfortesting

D.usedfortesting

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

【解析】65.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一、二句Atypeofcellthatfloatsfreelyintheamnioticfluidofpregnantwomenhasbeenfoundtohavemanyofthesametraitsasembryonicstemcells,includinganabilitytogrowintobrain,muscleandothertissuesthatcouldbeusedtotreatavarietyofdiseases.（一種可以在孕婦羊水中自由漂浮的細(xì)胞被發(fā)現(xiàn)與胚胎干細(xì)胞有許多相同的特征，包括能夠生長(zhǎng)成大腦、肌肉和其他組織，用于治療各種疾?。?，選項(xiàng)C“引起各種疾病”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“在腦組織中生長(zhǎng)”，文章提到，這種細(xì)胞可以生長(zhǎng)大腦，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B“利用胚胎干細(xì)胞治療多種疾病”，文章提到，這種細(xì)胞可以治療各種疾病，B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)成肌肉組織”，文章提到，這種細(xì)胞，可以長(zhǎng)成肌肉組織，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

66.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting（這些細(xì)胞由發(fā)育中的胎兒脫落，在常規(guī)的產(chǎn)前檢查中很容易得到），D選項(xiàng)“在常規(guī)產(chǎn)前檢查中很容易找回”，符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“處于激烈的國(guó)會(huì)辯論的中心”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“比胚胎干細(xì)胞更難在實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)皿中保存”，文章沒(méi)有提到這些細(xì)胞更難在實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)皿中保存，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“很難在常規(guī)產(chǎn)前檢查中恢復(fù)”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

67.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句becausethecellsareageneticmatchtothedevelopingfetus,tissuesgrownfromtheminthelaboratorywillnotberejected（因?yàn)檫@些細(xì)胞在基因上與發(fā)育中的胎兒相匹配，所以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中從它們生長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的組織不會(huì)被排斥），可推測(cè)，這些細(xì)胞在基因上與發(fā)育的胎兒相匹配，C選項(xiàng)“和捐贈(zèng)者的基因匹配”正確。其余選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)“無(wú)出生缺陷”，B選項(xiàng)“更容易培養(yǎng)”和D選項(xiàng)“可以冷凍起來(lái)供有需要的人使用”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

68.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第五段第三句theembryoniconesthatcanmorphintovirtuallyanykindoftissuebutaredifficulttotame（胚胎細(xì)胞幾乎可以變成任何一種組織，但很難馴服），可以推斷出D選項(xiàng)“可以轉(zhuǎn)化成幾乎任何一種組織，但很難馴服”正確。A選項(xiàng)“變成數(shù)量有限的組織，很難馴服”，文章沒(méi)有提到會(huì)變成數(shù)量有限的組織，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)化成數(shù)量有限的組織，但相對(duì)容易控制”，說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“可以轉(zhuǎn)化成幾乎任何一種組織并且相對(duì)容易控制”，文章中沒(méi)有提到細(xì)胞容易控制，C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

69.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)Atalaandotherscientistsemphasizedthattheydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.（Atala和其他科學(xué)家強(qiáng)調(diào)，他們不相信這些細(xì)胞會(huì)使胚胎干細(xì)胞變得無(wú)關(guān)緊要）和“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza（羅伯特?蘭扎(RobertLanza)表示：“沒(méi)有一雙鞋是適合所有人的”），可知RobertLanza，Atalaandotherscientists的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是一致的，他不認(rèn)為這種新型細(xì)胞是萬(wàn)能的，會(huì)代替胚胎干細(xì)胞的所有功能，使之變得不相干。所以題干中的這句話(huà)實(shí)際上是在支撐前面的科學(xué)家的那句話(huà)theydon’tbelievethecellswillmakeembryonicstemcellsirrelevant.（他們不相信這些細(xì)胞會(huì)使胚胎干細(xì)胞變得無(wú)關(guān)緊要），A選項(xiàng)“他不相信這些細(xì)胞會(huì)使胚胎干細(xì)胞變得無(wú)關(guān)緊要”，符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“他知道每個(gè)人的腳大小都不一樣”并不是RobertLanza所暗示的含義；根據(jù)原文“There’snotgoingtobeoneshoethatfitsall,”saidRobertLanza,scientificdirectoratAdvancedCellTechnologyinWorcester,Mass.“We’regoingtohavetoseewhichonesaremostusefulforwhichclinicalconditions.”（“沒(méi)有一只鞋適合所有人”，RobertLanza說(shuō)，他是麻省Worcester先進(jìn)細(xì)胞技術(shù)的科學(xué)總監(jiān)“我們將不得不確定哪些藥物對(duì)哪些臨床情況最為有用”）可知C選項(xiàng)“他還需要看看哪些藥物對(duì)哪些臨床情況最有用”在文章中有提及，但這句話(huà)是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前文，表達(dá)他不認(rèn)為這種新型細(xì)胞是萬(wàn)能的，而是要對(duì)癥下藥；D選項(xiàng)“即使暗示非胚胎細(xì)胞可能具有醫(yī)療潛力，也會(huì)使事情變得復(fù)雜”并不是RobertLanza的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

70.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第二段第一句Thecells,shedbythedevelopingfetusandeasilyretrievedduringroutineprenataltesting（這些細(xì)胞由發(fā)育中的胎兒脫落，在常規(guī)的產(chǎn)前檢查中很容易得到）。這句話(huà)表達(dá)的是“在常規(guī)產(chǎn)前檢查中容易取出這種細(xì)胞做檢查”。A選項(xiàng)“拿出來(lái)測(cè)試”，符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“收集作其他用途”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“取樣測(cè)試”，文章沒(méi)有提到取樣，可排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“用于測(cè)試”，文章沒(méi)有提到這種細(xì)胞用于測(cè)試，可排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Lessthantwomonthsintoherbreastcancertreatment,AlexandraJn-CharleswascalledintoanewroomatSUNYDownstateMedicalCenter,wheretwotreatingphysicians,thechiefmedicalofficerandanattorneyrepresentingthehospitaltoldherthatmistakeshadbeenmade.

Theskinlesions(病變)onherchest,theysaid,hadbeencausednotbyherillnessbutbythemachinethatwassupposedtocureher.The32-year-oldhadreceivednearly30radiotherapysessions,butatthispointitdidn’treallymakesensetocountthem,becauseaprogrammingerrorhadcausedeachinstallmenttodeliveratleastthreetimestheprescribedamountofradiation.

Jn-Charles,whodiedtwoandahalfyearsafterthismeetingin2005,wouldeventuallycometoexemplifytheemergenceofaccidentalover-radiationinU.S.hospitals.Theworstoffhavereportedskindamage,inexplicablehairlossandribs(肋骨)bucklingbeneaththeirchests—debilitatinginjuriessufferedwhileundergoingscreeningortreatmentforsomethingthatwouldotherwisekillthem.Asteeppriceforsurvival.

Thesetragediesgotothecoreofanissueaspressingasitisuncomfortabletothinkabout:Haveadvancesintechnology,improvedtreatmentmethodsandmorecomprehensivescreeningprotocolsledtosystematic,excessiveirradiationofpatients?

Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingnumberofhealthexperts,isyes.Forexample,theCTscan,whichhasbecome