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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-大連裝備制造職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題
Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget()quickly.
問題1選項
A.deduced
B.denounced
C.detached
D.decomposed
【答案】D
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論;推斷”;denounce“譴責;告發(fā)”;detach“分離,派遣”;decompose“分解,腐爛”。根據(jù)badanddampweather“惡劣潮濕天氣”可知plant(植物)容易腐爛,選項D符合題意。
2.單選題
Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin()withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.
問題1選項
A.case
B.accordance
C.place
D.charge
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith為固定搭配,表示“依照,與...一致”。
3.單選題
Parentsoftenfacedthe______betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.
問題1選項
A.paradox
B.junction
C.dilemma
D.premise
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項paradox“悖論,反論;似是而非的論點;自相矛盾的人或事”;B選項junction“連接,接合;交叉點;接合點”;C選項dilemma“困境;進退兩難;兩刀論法”;D選項premise“前提,假定;(常復數(shù))商店、餐館、公司等使用的房屋及土地;(常復數(shù))上訴各項”。句意:父母們經(jīng)常面對這樣的兩難處境,是選擇做他們認為的對孩子發(fā)展好的事情呢,還是選擇對其放任自流。因此C選項正確。
4.單選題
Lightingcanbeusednotonlytocreateanatmosphere,butalsoto(
)featuresofthehouse,suchasornamentsorpictures.
問題1選項
A.highlight
B.underline
C.activate
D.upgrade
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。highlight“突出,強調”;underline“強調,在…下面劃線”;activate“刺激,使活動”;upgrade“使升級,提升”。句意:燈光的使用不僅能營造一種氛圍,還能突顯出房屋的風格,如裝飾或圖畫。A項符合句意,答案A
5.單選題
We’retalkingaboutmoneyhere,andthethingsyoubuywithit—andaboutwhatattitudeweshouldtaketospending.
Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.It’snicetohaveacomfortableliferightnow,butitisbesttothinkofthefuture.Yeteconomistshavelongknownthatthingsdon’tworkoutthatway.Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”.Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.
It’saproblemonaglobalscale.ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.Thebankswouldbehappy,buteverybodyelsewouldbeintrouble.
Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.Weallknowpeoplewhotakepleasureinbuyinguselessthings.Andtherearemanypeoplearoundwhowon’tbuythingsthattheyneed.
Inarecentseriesofexperiments,scientistsatStanfordUniversityintheUSconfirmedsomethingthatmanypeoplehavelongsuspected.Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.Peoplewhospendalothavetheirpleasurecentersstimulated.Peoplewholiketosavefindbuyingthingspainful.
Ifyouthinkyoureallywantthatproductbecauseit’sbeautifuloruseful,youarewrong,saythescientists.Thedesiretobuysomethingisaproductofthereactionbetweenchemicalsreleasedbydifferentpartsofthebrainwhentheeyesseeaproduct.
1.Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,peopleareadvisedto().
2.Accordingtothecontext“paradox”(inParagraph2)probablymeans“()”.
3.ItisimpliedthatmanypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStates().
4.Accordingtotheresentstudiesmadebyeconomists,people().
5.IthasbeenprovedbythescientistsatStanfordUniversitythatsomepeopleliketosavemoneybecause().
問題1選項
A.enjoytheirpresentlifeasmuchaspossiblet
B.spendeverypennytheyhaveearnedt
C.saveeverypennyforthefuturet
D.savesomemoneyforlateruset
問題2選項
A.contradictiont
B.hypothesist
C.declarationt
D.assertiont
問題3選項
A.havetoworkhardtomakeendsmeett
B.spendmorethantheycanaffordt
C.havetroubleinpayingbacktheirdebtst
D.don’tpaybacktheirdebtsontimet
問題4選項
A.takepleasureinbuyinguselessthingst
B.won’tbuythingsthattheyneedt
C.spendtheirmoneyirrationallyt
D.makerationalchoiceswhilespendingtheirmoneyt
問題5選項
A.theylikekeepingtheirmoneyinthebankt
B.theywillfeelsafeiftheysaveenoughmoneyforthefuturet
C.theydon’twanttospendtheirmoneyonuselessthingst
D.spendingmoneygivesthempain
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在大多數(shù)歷史和文化中,人們都被建議去做……”。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Acrossmostofhistoryandinmostcultures,therehasbeenageneralagreementthatweshouldworkhard,saveforthefutureandspendnomorethanwecanafford.(縱觀歷史,在大多數(shù)文化中,人們普遍認為,我們應該努力工作,為未來儲蓄,支出不能超過我們的負擔能力)可知,在大多數(shù)歷史和文化中,人們都被建議努力工作,為未來儲蓄,因此D項“存一些錢以后用”符合題意。A項“盡可能享受他們現(xiàn)在的生活”,原文提到“努力工作”,所以A項內容不正確;B項“花他們賺的每一分錢”,內容與原文相反;C項“為將來節(jié)省每一分錢”,原文提到“支出不能超過我們的負擔能力”,所以在正常的支出范圍內可以進行必要的消費,C項內容太絕對。因此,該題選擇D項正確。
第2題:語義推測題。題干意思是“根據(jù)語境,第二段的‘paradox’的意思可能是……”。根據(jù)文章定位到第二段第四句Theypointtoanideacalledthe“paradoxofthrift”(他們提出了一個名為“paradoxofthrift”的觀點),上文提到傳統(tǒng)的觀念是努力工作并為未來儲蓄,但經(jīng)濟學家并不這樣認為;后文接著舉例闡述了paradoxofthrift這一概念,Imagineyouaretheownerofabigbusinessmakingconsumergoods.Youwantyourownstafftoworkhardandsavetheirmoney.Thatway,youdon’thavetopaythemasmuch.Butyouwanteverybodyelsetospendallthemoneytheycan.Thatwayyoumakebiggerprofits.(設想你是一家生產(chǎn)消費品的大公司的老板,你希望自己的員工努力工作并省錢,這樣的話你就不用付他們那么多錢了;但你想讓其他人盡可能多花錢,這樣你就能獲得更大的利潤),由這個例子可知,傳統(tǒng)觀念提倡存錢,但經(jīng)濟學上來說老板會更希望人們盡可能多的花錢,所以前后不一致,根據(jù)關鍵詞thrift(節(jié)儉)和上下文語境可知,paradox表示“悖論”,故A項“矛盾”更符合。B項“假設”,文章是通過假設來解釋這個“節(jié)儉悖論”,所以B項錯誤;C項“公告”和D項“斷言,聲明”都不符合paradox的詞義。因此,該題選擇A項正確。
第3題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“它暗示著許多人在英國和美國……”。第三段前兩句指出ManypeopleintheUKandtheUnitedStatesareworriedaboutlevelsofpersonaldebt.Yetifpeoplesuddenlystoppedbuyingthingsandstartedpayingbackwhattheyowetocreditcardcompanies,alltheeconomiesoftheWesternworldwouldcollapse.(英國和美國的許多人都對個人債務水平感到擔憂;然而,如果人們突然停止購物,開始償還他們欠信用卡公司的錢,西方世界的所有經(jīng)濟都會崩潰),由此可以推斷,英美國家的人們普遍有使用信用卡提前消費的習慣,所以他們實際的支出是超出了他們能夠負擔的范圍,故B項“花費超出他們的負擔能力”正確。A項“必須努力工作才能收支平衡”,內容不符合題干;C項“償還債務有困難”內容比較片面;D項“不按時償還債務”文中沒提到。因此,該題選擇B項正確。
第4題:細節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)經(jīng)濟學家最近的研究,人們……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段Traditionally,economistshavebelievedthatspendingmoneyisaboutmakingrationalchoices.Peoplebuythingstomaketheirlifebetterinsomeway.Butinrecentyears,theyhavenoticedthatpeopleoftendonotactuallybehaveinthatway.(傳統(tǒng)上,經(jīng)濟學家認為花錢是理性的選擇;人們買東西在某種程度上是為了讓他們的生活更好;但近年來,他們注意到人們通常不會那樣做),可知經(jīng)濟學家認為花錢是理性的選擇,但人們在某種程度上并沒有理性消費,所以可以推斷人們花錢是不理智的,故C項“不理智地花錢”符合題意。A項“以買無用的東西為樂”和B項“不會買自己需要的東西”都只是不理智花錢的一部分,比較片面;D項“在花錢的時候做出理性的選擇”,內容與原文相反。因此,該題選擇C項正確。
第5題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“斯坦福大學的科學家已經(jīng)證明,有些人喜歡存錢是因為……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段Peoplespendmoneybecausetheactofbuyinggivesthempleasure.Andtheyrefusetospendwhenitcausesthempain.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatdifferentareasofthebrainthatanticipatepleasureandpainbecomemoreactivewhenwearemakingadecisiontobuythings.(人們花錢是因為購買行為能給他們帶來快樂;他們拒絕消費,因為這會給他們帶來痛苦;科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn),當我們做出購買決定時,大腦中預測快樂和痛苦的不同區(qū)域會變得更加活躍),由此我們可以推測,有些人不喜歡購物而喜歡存錢是因為買東西會讓他們覺得很痛苦,故D項“花錢給他們帶來痛苦”符合題意。A項“他們喜歡把錢存在銀行里”和B項“如果他們?yōu)槲磥泶孀銐虻腻X,他們就會感到安全”文中都沒有提到;C項“他們不想把錢花在沒用的東西上”,內容不符合原文。因此,該題選擇D項正確。
6.單選題
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
問題1選項
A.Theyformthebasisonwhichhebuildshistheoryoflove.
B.Theywerecarriedoutoveraperiodofsomethirtyyears.
C.TheyweredonebyhisformercolleagueatYale.
D.Theyarefocusedmoreonattractionthanlove.
問題2選項
A.Therelationshipcannotlastlongifnopassionisinvolved.
B.Itisnotloveifyoudon’twishtomaintaintherelationship.
C.Romanceisjustimpossiblewithoutmutualunderstanding.
D.Intimacyisessentialbutnotabsolutelyindispensabletolove.18.
問題3選項
A.Whetheritistruelovewithoutcommitment.
B.Whichofthemisconsideredmostimportant.
C.Howtherelationshipistobedefinedifanyoneismissing.
D.Whentheabsenceofanyonedoesn’taffecttherelationship.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
【解析】RecordingOne
Okay.Solet’sgetstarted.AndtostartthingsoffIthinkwhatweneedtodoisconsideradefinition.I’mgoingtodefinewhatloveisbutthen[16]mostoftheexperimentsI’mgoingtotalkaboutarereallyfocusedmoreonattractionthanlove.AndI’mgoingtopickadefinitionfromaformercolleague,RobertSternberg,whoisnowthedeanatTuftsUniversitybutwashereonourfacultyatYalefornearlythirtyyears.Andhehasatheoryoflovethatarguesthatit’smadeupofthreecomponents:intimacy,passion,andcommitment,orwhatissometimescalleddecisioncommitment.Andthesearerelativelystraightforward.Hearguedthatyoudon’thaveloveifyoudon’thaveallthreeoftheseelements.Intimacyisthefeelingofcloseness,ofconnectednesswithsomeone,ofbonding.Operationally,youcouldthinkofintimacyasyousharesecrets,youshareinformationwiththispersonthatyoudon’tsharewithanybodyelse.Okay.That’sreallywhatintimacyis,thebondthatcomesfromsharinginformationthatisn’tsharedwithotherpeople.Thesecondelementispassion.Passionisthedrivethatleadstoromance.Youcanthinkofitasphysicalattraction.AndSternbergarguesthatthisisarequiredcomponentofaloverelationship.ThethirdelementofloveinSternberg’stheoryiswhathecallsdecisioncommitment,thedecisionthatoneisinaloverelationship,thewillingnesstolabelitassuch,andacommitmenttomaintainthatrelationshipatleastforsomeperiodoftime.[17]Sternbergwouldargueit’snotloveifyoudon’tcallitloveandifyoudon’thavesomedesiretomaintaintherelationship.Soifyouhaveallthreeofthese,intimacy,passionandcommitment,inSternberg’stheoryyouhavelove.[18]Nowwhat’sinterestingaboutthetheoryiswhatdoyouhaveifyouonlyhaveoneoutofthreeortwooutofthree?Whatdoyouhaveandhowisitdifferentifyouhaveadifferenttwooutofthree?What’sinterestingaboutthiskindoftheorizingisitgivesrisetomanydifferentcombinationsthatcanbequiteinterestingwhenyoubreakthemdownandstarttolookatthemcarefully.SowhatI’vedoneisI’vetakenSternberg’sthreeelementsoflove,intimacy,passionandcommitment,andI’velistedoutthedifferentkindsofrelationshipsyouwouldhaveifyouhadzero,one,twoorthreeoutofthethreeelements.
16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutmostoftheexperimentsmentionedinhistalk?
【試題答案】D
【試題解析】題目問關于演講中提到的大多數(shù)實驗,說話者說了什么?錄音開頭提到說話者要給愛下定義,接下來指出將要談論的大多數(shù)實驗實際上更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是愛。D選項“更多地聚焦于吸引力而不是愛”是錄音原文的復現(xiàn),因此正確。A選項“它們形成了他建立愛的理論的基礎”在錄音中并沒有提及;B選項“它們實施了大約三十年了”,利用錄音中的thirtyyears設置的干擾項,錄音中說的是說話人的同事在耶魯工作了近30年,并不是說實驗實施了大約30年;C選項“是他在耶魯大學的前同事做的”錄音中確實提到了說話人以前的同事,但并沒有信息表明這些實驗是他在耶魯?shù)那巴伦龅模虼薈選項排除。
17.WhatdoesRobertSternbergargueaboutlove?
【試題答案】B
【試題解析】題目問RobertSternberg對愛有什么看法?錄音提到在Sternberg的理論中,愛的第三個要素就是他所說的決定承諾。他主張,如果你不把它稱之為愛,如果你沒有想要維持這段關系的想法,那就不是愛。B選項中的wishto是對錄音原文中havesomedesireto的同義替換,因此B選項“如果你不想維持這段關系,那就不是愛”正確。A選項“如果沒有激情,這段關系就不會長久”這一信息在錄音中并沒有提及;C選項“沒有相互理解,不可能有浪漫”中并沒有提及mutualunderstanding(相互理解);D選項“對于愛來講,親密是基本的,但并非絕對必要”,根據(jù)Sternberg的理論,愛的三要素就包括intimacy,因此D選項不正確。
18.WhatquestiondoesthespeakerthinkisinterestingaboutSternberg’sthreeelementsoflove?
【試題答案】C
【試題解析】題目問關于Sternberg的愛情三要素,說話者認為哪個問題很有趣?錄音最后提到,根據(jù)Sternberg的理論,如果你擁有了親密、激情和承諾這三個要素,你就擁有了愛。但現(xiàn)在關于這個理論有趣的問題是,如果你只擁有三個中的一個或兩個的話,那你擁有的是什么呢?也就是說,如果其中任何一個要素缺失,那么該如何定義這段關系?C選項與原文表述相符,因此正確。A選項“沒有承諾是否是真正的愛”,這一問題,Sternberg已經(jīng)給出明確的答案:沒有承諾就不是真正的愛,因此A選項可排除;B選項“哪一個被認為是最重要的”并不是說話者認為很有趣的問題;D選項“當缺少了任何一個要素,都不會影響這段關系”與錄音表述不符,因此可排除。
7.翻譯題
Oneofthedilemmasofthisdecadehasbeenwhethertoapproachmodemeducationintermsofthegeneralistorthespecialist.Someuniversitiesrequireallstudentstotakeacommoncoreofcoursesfromabroadrangeofdisciplines,appealingtothegeneralistapproachtoeducation.Yet,choosingthecorecoursesinlightoftoday’sexplosionininformationanddiversemulticulturalstudentpopulationshasnotbeenaneasytask.Howdoesoneselectwhatitisthateveryoneshouldknow?Otheruniversitiescontinuetotailortheircoursestothemoreimmediateprofessionalneedsoftheirstudents,appealingtothespecialistapproachtoeducation.Butwithoutacorecurriculum,studentsoftenlackthesharedknowledgenecessarytoparticipateeffectivelyinanintegratedsociety.
【答案】這十年我們所面臨的矛盾之一,究竟應該從通才還是專才的角度來看待現(xiàn)代教育。有些大學要求所有的學生都要選修一門涵蓋廣泛學科的共同核心課程,這對通才教育很有吸引力。但是,考慮到今天的信息爆炸和學生來自不同的文化背景,選擇共同課程不是一件容易的事。如何確定哪些是每個人都應該知道的東西?另一些大學強調專才教育,根據(jù)學生更直接的專業(yè)需要來調整他們的課程。但是沒有一個共同課程,學生常常缺乏有效參與一個綜合的社會所需要的共同知識。
【解析】這十年我們所面臨的矛盾之一,究竟應該從通才還是專才的角度來看待現(xiàn)代教育。有些大學要求所有的學生都要選修一門涵蓋廣泛學科的共同核心課程,這對通才教育很有吸引力。但是,考慮到今天的信息爆炸和學生來自不同的文化背景,選擇共同課程不是一件容易的事。如何確定哪些是每個人都應該知道的東西?另一些大學強調專才教育,根據(jù)學生更直接的專業(yè)需要來調整他們的課程。但是沒有一個共同課程,學生常常缺乏有效參與一個綜合的社會所需要的共同知識。
8.單選題
Ⅸ.(LitigationProcedure)
Arelatedconsequenceofthetrial’sdisappearancewouldbetheincreasingbureaucratizationofAmericansociety.Corporatebureaucraciesrationallyorganizedtoachieveprofitmaximizationwouldbelessqualified.Wewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonouroftenpoliticallybeleagueredadministrativeagenciestocontrolthelatter.Andevenwithinthelegalsystemitself,formalisticmodesofadjudication,whichparallelbureaucraticdecision-making,wouldbelessqualified.Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.InsofarasabureaucraticapparatusgrindsforwardmechanicallyandinexorablywemayendupwithwhatHannahArendthasfamouslycalledanirresponsible“rulebynobody”.
Itisunlikely,however,inmanycasesthatgeneralrulesreallydodecideparticularcases.Insteadofamechanicalsystemdecidingcasesdeductively,whatwewillprobablyhaveinmanycasesarejudgesdecidingcasesintheintersticesofcomplexruleswhichdonotthemselvesdecidethecase.Unlikethedevicesofthetrial,whichcanreally“getinside”thedecision-makerandwhosemoralsourcesactuallycantrumpthesubjectivityofalonedecision-maker,complexpatternsofjurisdictional,procedural,evidentiary,andsubstantiverulescaninvitemanipulationbyaCartesianjudgeviewingthoserulesfromadistance.Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.Thereisanothereffectofthedecliningimportanceofpublicprocessesofadjudication.
Wearecontinuingtoloseamajorsourceofpublicinformationonimportantquestionsofgeneralconcern.“Aslongascourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdatainvolumeandkindoutstrippingthatproducedaboutadjudicationinadministrativeagencies,andaslongasprivateprovidersdonotregularlydisseminateinformationaboutorprovideaccesstotheirprocesses,”then“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges,andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”
83.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthatbureaucraticmodesofsocialordering___.
84.ThestatementclosestinmeaningtoJudgePosner’sstatementis___.
85.Whencourtscontinuetobeplacesthatprovidepublicdata,thedecliningtrialratedoesNOTcomewith___.
86.Accordingtotheauthor,whatwillNOThappeniftrialdisappearsintheUnitedStates?
問題1選項
A.donotlookintovalueorpreferencebutratherrelyonjudgmentorintuitionwhenmakingdecision
B.havenothingtodowithvalueorpreference
C.areakindofadministrativetask
D.relyonjudgmentorintuition
問題2選項
A.Areallyskillfullegalanalystcanalwayscoveroverhimself
B.Askillfuljudgecanalwaysfindalegalreasonforhisjudgment
C.Thelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused
D.Legalvarnishcancoveroverlegaloutcome
問題3選項
A.decreaseofpublicknowledgeofdisputes
B.diminutionofpublicinformationregardingjudges’behavior
C.growthofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord
D.lesseningofpublicawarenessofforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord
問題4選項
A.Formalisticmodesofadjudicationwouldbelessqualified.
B.Corporatebureaucracieswouldbecomelessqualified.
C.Peoplewouldhavetorelymorecompletelyonadministrativeagencies.
D.Bureaucraticdecision-makingwouldbequalified.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:D
【解析】83.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到劃線句子Bureaucraticmodesofsocialorderingseek“toexcludequestionsofvalueorpreferenceasobviouslyirrelevanttotheadministrativetask,anditwouldviewrelianceonnonreplicable,nonreviewablejudgmentorintuitionasasingularlyunattractivemethodfordecision”.(社會秩序的官僚模式尋求“排除與行政任務明顯無關的價值或偏好問題,并將依賴不可復制、不可審查的判斷或直覺視為一種非常沒有吸引力的決策方法”)可知官僚模式將直覺視為決策方法,選A選項“不考慮價值或偏好,而是依靠判斷或直覺做決定”;B選項“與價值或偏好無關”,C選項“是一種行政任務”以及D選項“依靠判斷或直覺”和原文不符。因此A選項正確。
84.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字“JudgePosner”定位到原文第二段Afterall,asJudgePosner,putit,“Thereisalmostnolegaloutcomethatareallyskillfullegalanalystcannotcoveroverwithlegalvarnish(漆)”atleast“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”.(畢竟,正如波斯納法官所說,“幾乎沒有法律的結果是一個非常熟練的法律分析師不能用法律粉飾掩蓋的”,至少“當法律是不確定的和情緒激動的時候”)可知選C選項“法律是不確定的和情緒激動的”;A選項“一個真正有技巧的法律分析師總能掩飾自己”,B選項“一個有經(jīng)驗的法官總能為他的判決找到合法的理由”以及D選項“法律粉飾可以掩蓋法律結果”不符合原文。因此C選項正確。
85.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字“thedecliningtrialrate”定位到原文最后一段“withthedecliningtrialratecomesadiminutionofpublicknowledgeofdisputes,ofthebehaviorofjudges,andoftheforginginpublicofnormativeresponsestodiscord.”(“隨著審判率的下降,公眾對糾紛、法官行為和公眾對不和諧的規(guī)范反應的了解也會減少?!保┛芍狢選項“在公眾場合形成對不和諧的規(guī)范反應”原文未涉及;A選項“減少公眾對糾紛的認識”,B選項“減少關于法官行為的公共信息”以及D選項“公眾意識的削弱,在公眾中偽造對不和諧的規(guī)范反應”原文有提及。因此C選項符合題意。
86.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關鍵字定位到原文第二段Thegrimpicturethatthusemergesfromthetrial’sdisappearanceisabureaucratizedworldwheretherunofcasesaregroundoutbyanirresponsiblemechanismandtheremainingcases“whenthelawisuncertainandemotionsaroused”bytheuntutoredsubjectivityorpoliticalcommitmentsofthejudge.(因此,從審判的消失中出現(xiàn)的嚴峻景象是一個官僚化的世界,在這個世界上,案件的運行是由一個不負責任的機制進行的,而剩下的案件則是“在法律不確定的情況下,由法官未經(jīng)訓練的主觀性或政治承諾引起的情緒”所影響)可知D選項“官僚決策將是合格的”不會發(fā)生;A選項“形式主義的裁決模式不合格”,B選項“公司官僚機構將變得不那么合格”以及C選項“人們將不得不更完全地依賴行政機構”都會發(fā)生。因此D選項符合題意。
9.單選題
Thesealcandivetoadepthofabout1600feetandremain()foraslongasanhourandtenminutes.
問題1選項
A.breathless
B.fearless
C.submerged
D.unconscious
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。breathless屏息;fearless無畏的,大膽的;submerge沉浸,淹沒;unconscious無意識的。由前半句可知海豹可以在1600英尺的海里潛水,由dive及remain可推知海豹能保持屏息…。故A項符合題意。句意:海豹可以潛入1600英尺深的海里,并且能保持屏息一小時十分鐘。
10.單選題
AsnineteenthcenturyAmericanculturalaspirationsexpanded,womensteppedintoanewroleasinterpretersofart,bothbywritingworksonarthistoryandbyteachingart.
問題1選項
A.ambitions
B.imagination
C.patronage
D.opportunities
【答案】A
【解析】句意:隨著19世紀美國文化抱負的擴大,女性通過撰寫藝術史作品和教授藝術,開始扮演藝術印象派的新角色。aspirations意為“愿望,志向,抱負”。ambitions抱負,雄心,野心;imagination想象(力),空想;patronage贊助,光顧;opportunities機會。選項A與之意思相近。
11.單選題
Peoplewholiketowearredclothesaremorelikelytobetalkativeand(
).
問題1選項
A.vivacious
B.perilous
C.introverted
D.lucrative
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vivacious“可愛的,活潑的”;B選項perilous“冒險的,危險的”;C選項introverted“內向的,不喜歡交往的”;D選項lucrative“獲利多的,賺錢的”。由and可知空格處與talkative(健談的)表示的意思相同,因此選A。句意:喜歡穿紅衣服的人更有可能健談、活潑。
12.單選題
Somethingssimplycannotbealteredand()peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.
問題1選項
A.rough
B.plastic
C.harsh
D.resilient
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項rough“粗糙的”,B項plastic“塑料的”,C項harsh“嚴厲的、刺耳的”,D項resilient“可迅速恢復的、堅韌的”;句意:有些東西根本無法改變,有韌性的人能接受這一點,不會浪費精力來做不可能的事。因此D選項正確。
13.單選題
Writingisaslowprocess,requiring(
)thought,time,andeffort.
問題1選項
A.significant
B.enormous
C.considerable
D.numerous
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。significant“有重大意義的,顯著的”;enormous“巨大的,龐大的”;considerable“相當多(或大、重要等)的”;numerous“眾多的,許多的”一般用來修飾可數(shù)名詞。句意:寫作是一個緩慢的過程,需要大量的思考、時間和努力。根據(jù)題干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C項符合題意。因此答案選C。
14.單選題
IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI()missedtheplane.
問題1選項
A.only
B.quite
C.narrowly
D.seldom
【答案】C
【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE
考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項only表示“僅僅,只有”,B選項quite表示“相當;非常;很”,C選項narrowly表示“狹窄地;勉強地,以毫厘之差,仔細地”,D選項seldom表示“很少,不?!?。由句意可知,我到飛機場非常晚,差點兒誤機。因此,只有C項最符合原句語境,故本題正確答案為C選項。
15.單選題
Californiahasmorelightthanitknow________todowithbuteverythingelseisexpensive.
問題1選項
A.how
B.what
C.which
D.where
【答案】B
【解析】考查從句引導詞。句意:加利福尼亞只有陽光多得不知怎么處理,而其余所有東西都很貴。分析句子成分than作連詞連接兩個句子,第二個句子it指代加州,know作謂語,后面接的是賓語。
16.單選題
Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren()aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.
問題1選項
A.duplicating
B.accelerating
C.stimulating
D.modifying
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。duplicate復制;accelerate加速,促進;stimulate刺激,鼓舞;modify修改,修飾。從前后語義可推測兒童與從電視上看到的暴力行為之間的關系,應該是兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為。故A項正確。句意:最近有一些兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為的報道。
17.單選題
InEnglishlearning,a()circleoccurswhenastudentmakesmoreerrorsafterbeingscolded.
問題1選項
A.vigorous
B.vicious
C.voluntary
D.vertical
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項vigorous“精力充沛的,有力的”;B選項vicious“惡劣的,嚴重的”;C選項voluntary“志愿的;自發(fā)的”;D選項vertical“垂直的;直上的”。句意:在英語學習中,如果學生挨罵后犯錯更多,就會形成()循環(huán)。根據(jù)語境,vicious“惡劣的,嚴重的”搭配circle“循環(huán)”比較合理,翻譯成惡性循環(huán)。因此B選項正確。
18.翻譯題
Theatomicnumber(原子序數(shù))isequaltothenumberofelectronsperatomor,whatisequivalent,thenumberofprotons(質子)pernucleus.
【答案】原子序數(shù)等于每個原子的電子數(shù)或者相當于每個原子核的質子數(shù)。
19.單選題
8.
問題1選項
A.Acustomsofficer.
B.Theman'smother.
C.Aschoolheadmaster.
D.Animmigrationofficer.
【答案】D
【解析】W:Weunderstandthatyouarenotattendingschool.
M:I’vebeenattending,but,I’vebeensickrecently.
W:You’veattendedonlythreedayssincelastJuly.
M:Threedays?No.It’sbeenmorethanthat.
W:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa.
Q:Whatisthewoman?
【解析】推斷題。女士說:Wearegoingtohavetotakeawayyourvisa(我們得收回你的簽證),說明女士是一名移民官。
20.單選題
She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn(
)onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.
問題1選項
A.myback
B.myhead
C.myeye
D.shoulder
【答案】A
【解析】固定搭配。turnmybackonsomeone意為對某人不理睬。
21.單選題
Non-violentdirectactionrubs()ofpopularopinioninordertogetitselfnoticedamidaseaofself-interest,apathyandday-to-daydistractions.
問題1選項
A.againstthegrain
B.againstthesalt
C.withagrain
D.withasalt
【答案】A
【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意,非暴力的直接行動違背公眾的意見,為了讓自己在自我利益、漠不關心和日常的干擾中引人注目。所以這里是指與公眾的意見相違背。選項C和D可排除。搭配“againstthegrain”的意思為“格格不入,違反意愿”。選項A符合題意。
22.單選題
Whatoursocietysuffersfrommosttodayistheabsenceofconsensusaboutwhatitandlifeinitoughttobe;suchconsensuscannotbegainedfromsociety'spresentstage,orfromfantasiesaboutwhatitoughttobe.Forthatthepresentistoocloseandtoodiversified,andthefuturetoouncertain,tomakebelievableclaimsaboutit.Aconsensusinthepresenthencecanbeachievedonlythroughasharedunderstandingofthepast,asHomer'sepicsinformedthosewholivedcenturieslaterwhatitmeanttobeGreek,andbywhatimagesandidealstheyweretolivetheirlivesandorganizetheirsocieties.
Mostsocietiesderiveconsensusfromalonghistory,alanguagealltheirown,acommonreligion,commonancestry.Themythsbywhichtheylivearebasedonallofthese.ButtheUnitedStatesisacountryofimmigrants,comingfromagreatvarietyofnations.Lately,ithasbeenemphasizedthatanasocial,narcissisticpersonalityhasbecomecharacteristicofAmericans,andthatitisthistypeofpersonalitythatmakesforthelackofwell-being,becauseitpreventsusfromachievingconsensusthatwouldcounteractatendencytowithdrawintoprivateworlds.Inthisstudyofnarcissism,ChristopherLashsaysthatmodernman,"torturedbyself-consciousnessturnstonewtherapiesnottofreehimselfofhispersonalworriesbuttofindmeaningandpurposeinlife,tofindsomethingtolivefor".Thereiswidespreaddistressbecausenationalmoralehasdeclinedandwehavelostanearliersenseofnationalvisionandpurpose.
Contrarytorigidreligionsorpoliticalbeliefs,asarefoundintotalitariansocieties,ourcultureisoneofthegreatindividualdifferences,atleastinprincipleandintheorybutthisleadstodisunity,evenchaos.Americansbelieveinthevalueofdiversitybutjustbecauseoursisasocietybasedonindividualdiversity,itneedsconsensusaboutsomedominatingideasmorethansocietiesbasedonuniform,originoftheircitizens.Hence,ifwearetohaveconsensus,itmustbebasedonamyth—avisionaboutacommonexperience,aconquestthatmadeusAmericans,asthemythabouttheconquestofTroyformedtheGreeks,onlyacommonmythcanofferrelieffromthefearthatlifeiswithoutmeaningorpurpose.Mythspermitustoexamineourplaceintheworldbycomparingittoasharedidea.Mythsaresharedfantasiesthatform,thetiethatbindstheindividualtoothermembersofhisgroup.Suchmythshelptowardofffeelingsofisolations,guilt,anxiety,andpurposelessness—inshort,theycombatisolationandthebreakdownofsocialstandardsandvalues.
1.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thegreatesttroublewiththeUSsocietymayliein(
).
2.TheasocialpersonalityofAmericansmaystemfrom(
).
3.Homer'sepicsismentionedinParagraph1inorderto(
).
4.Theword"consensus"isclosestinmeaningto(
).
5.Theword"our"inSentence1,Paragraph3refersto(
).
問題1選項
A.thenon-existenceofconsensusontheformsofthesocietyshouldtake
B.thelackofdivergenceoverthecommonorganizationsofsociallife.
C.thenon-acceptanceofasocietybasedonindividualdiversity
D.thepervasivedistresscausedbynationalmoraledecline.
問題2選項
A.theabsenceofacommonreligion
B.themultiracialconstituentsoftheUSsociety
C.thewantofsharedmythstheypossessinlife
D.thecounterbalanceton
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