考研考博-英語-嘉興南洋職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-嘉興南洋職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theinfluenceofclimateonbehaviorappearsall-pervasive.Indeed,whocanclaimthatweatherfactorshavenoinfluenceontheirdecision-making?Everyonecanpointtoinstanceswhereplansandactivitieshavebeenchangedbecauseofweatherconditions.People'smoodsalsochangewiththeweather:brightsunnydaysseemtoliftspirits,whiledarkrainyperiodsbringondepression.

Lawenforcementagenciesarebeginningtoshowinterestintheeffectofatmosphericconditionsonbehavior.Everyyear,theFBI'sUniformCrimeReportsprovidebreakdownsofthecrimeratesbymonthandseasonoftheyear.Bothmonthlyandseasonalvariationsareconsideredtoreflectthevaryinginfluenceoftemperature,precipitation,humidity,lengthofdaylight,andanumberofotherclimatologicalfactors.

Variousstudiesfindrelationshipsbetweenspecificclimatologicalconditionsandcrime.Risingtemperatureisgenerallyaccompaniedbyincreasesinaggressionandviolentcrime.Ontheotherhand,highhumidityappearstoreducetheincidenceofphysicalactivityandaggression.Rain,cloudcover,andotherformsofinclementweatherareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofpropertycrimesandincreaseddepression.

Ourstudyshowedthatlowhumidityhasthemostwidespreadinfluenceonalltypesofcrimestudied.Theanalysisalsoshowsthatashumidityincreasesthelevelofcrimedecreases.TemperaturealsohasagreateffectIncreasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories.Burglariesanddaytimeassaultsalsotendtoincreasealongwithcloudcover.Exceptforwindspeedandbarometricpressurewithregardtodaytimeassaults,theremainingweatherfactorshavevirtuallynoinfluenceonthelevelsofcrime.

Individualswhorespondwithcriminalbehaviortoweatherchangesorweatherextrememaybecontrollablebyadministeringdrugsthatoffsettheseinfluences.Electricalstimulationofpleasurecentersinthebrainmaysomedaybeafeasiblecountermeasuretoaggressivestimuliduetoincreasedtemperatureorotherweathervariables.

Changingormanipulatingtheweatherisonepossiblemeansofattackingaweather-crimeinteraction.Thisapproachmaynotbefeasibleduetothemanyrelationshipsbetweenweatherclimateandtherotationoftheearth.Minorchangesmaybepossiblesuchasregulationofrainfallorskycover.Ontheotherhand,temperaturecontrolmaybepossible.

Moreresearchisneededtoassessandclarifytherelationshipbetweencrimeandthevariousclimatologicalfactors.Oncethisisaccomplished,itwillbenecessarytodevisemoreaccuratemeansofforecastingtheweather,counteractingtheeffectsofweatheronhumanbehavior,andcontrollingtheenvironment,oridentifyingotherapproachestotheproblem.

1.Peoplearelikelytobeveryactiveandaggressive（

）.

2.Peopleareinlowspirits

（

）.

3.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptthat

（

）.

4.Thefollowingarealloptimum-conditionsexcept

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwaystohandlecrimeisnotmention（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whenitisrainyandcloudy

B.ashumidityincreases

C.whenthereislittlemoisture

D.astemperaturedecreases

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.duringthenight

B.onclearandfinedays

C.onhotandsunnydays

D.duringcoldandstormy-weather

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.nighttimestealingincreasesalongwithtemperature

B.nobodyisfreefromtheinfluenceofweatherfactors

C.crimeratesarerelatedtotemperature,moisture,etc.

D.peoplearethinkingaboutthepossiblewaystohandleindividualreactiontoclimatologicalchanges.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.littleskycover

B.highertemperature

C.higherhumidity

D.lowertemperature

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Surgicalcorrectio

B.Medicinetreatment

C.Weathercontrol

D.Morepolicework.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞activeandaggressive定位至第三段:Ontheotherhand,highhumidityappearstoreducetheincidenceofphysicalactivityandaggression(另一方面，濕度高會(huì)減少激烈的身體接觸和侵害事件的發(fā)生),因此C項(xiàng)“溫度低時(shí)”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞inlowspirits定位至第三段:Risingtemperatureisgenerallyaccompaniedbyincreasesinaggressionandviolentcrime(溫度上升時(shí)人的好斗情緒和暴力犯罪事件會(huì)增加),由此可知D項(xiàng)“在寒冷和暴風(fēng)雨時(shí)”人情緒低落”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:氣溫升高時(shí)夜間入室盜竊事件增多,第四段指出:Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(氣溫升高不會(huì)影響夜間入室盜竊的頻率，但會(huì)增加其他類型的犯罪事件),因此A項(xiàng)不符合文章所述。B:人人都會(huì)受天氣因素的影響,第一段指出:Theinfluenceofclimateonbehaviorappearsall-pervasive(氣候?qū)π袨榈挠绊懯侨轿坏?,因此B項(xiàng)符合原文。C:犯罪率與氣溫、濕度等因素有關(guān),第四段指出:Ourstudyshowedthatlowhumidityhasthemostwidespreadinfluenceonalltypesofcrimestudied(研究表明低濕度對(duì)各類犯罪有最廣泛的影響),以及Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(氣溫升高不會(huì)影響夜間入室盜竊的頻率，但會(huì)增加其他類型的犯罪事件),因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:人們?cè)诳紤]個(gè)人應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的有效方法,最后一段指出:Moreresearchisneededtoassessandclarifytherelationshipbetweencrimeandthevariousclimatologicalfactors(需要更多研究來評(píng)估和闡明犯罪與多種多樣氣候因素的關(guān)系)。因此本題答案選A。

4.判斷推理題。題干問的是以下哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)不屬于能減少犯罪的情況。第四段指出:Increasingtemperaturefailstoinfluencethenumberofnighttimeburglaries,butitalsoincreasestheothercrimecategories(氣溫升高不會(huì)影響夜間入室盜竊的頻率,但會(huì)增加其他類型的犯罪事件),由此可知答案為B項(xiàng)“氣溫升高”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干問的是以下哪項(xiàng)不屬于文中提及的解決措施。由第五段“Electricalstimulationofpleasurecentersinthebrainmaysomedaybeafeasiblecountermeasuretoaggressivestimuliduetoincreasedtemperatureorotherweathervariables(總有一天，電刺激大腦快感中心會(huì)成為應(yīng)對(duì)因氣溫不斷升高或其他天氣變量而導(dǎo)致的激進(jìn)刺激的一種可行措施)”可知A項(xiàng)“外科轎治”正確。由第五段“Individualswhorespondwithcriminalbehaviortoweatherchangesorweatherextrememaybecontrollablebyadministeringdrugsthatoffsettheseinfluences(可能通過采用能抵消這些影響的藥物來治療有犯罪行為的人)”可知B項(xiàng)“藥物治療”正確。由第六段“Changingormanipulatingtheweatherisonepossiblemeansofattackingaweather-crimeinteraction(改善或控制天氣變化可能成為對(duì)抗受天氣影響的犯罪行為的一個(gè)方法)”可知C項(xiàng)“天氣控制”正確。因此本題選D。

2.單選題

=Heknewthathewouldbepunishedseverelybecauseofhisseriouserror.Thereforehe（

）

awaythedaybeforeyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cautioned

B.fled

C.chattered

D.civilized

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意:他知道自己犯了很嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，會(huì)受到嚴(yán)厲的責(zé)罰，因此，他前天就逃了。

fleeaway逃離。

3.單選題

Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare.MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.WewatchedTVeverynight.Thebackgroundnoiseofourliveswasgunfireandhorses’hoofsfrom“WagonTrain”or“Cheyenne”andlaughterfrom“ILoveLucy”,or“MisterEd”.Aftersupper,we’dsprawlonMom’sbedandstareforhoursatthetube.

ButonedayMomchangedourworldforever.SheturnedofftheTV.Ourmotherhadonlybeenabletogetthroughthirdgrade.But,shewasmuchbrighterandsmarterthanweboysknewatthetime.Shehadnoticedsomethinginthesuburbanhousesshecleaned—books.Soshecamehomeoneday,snappedofftheTV,satusdownandexplainedthathersonsweregoingtomakesomethingofthemselves.“Youboysaregoingtoreadtwobookseveryweek,”shesaid.“Andyou’regoingtowritemeareportonwhatyouread.”

Wemoanedandcomplainedabouthowunfairitwas.Besides,wedidn’thaveanybooksinthehouseotherthanMom’sBible.Butsheexplainedthatwewouldgowherethebookswere:“I’lldriveyoutothelibrary.”

Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.Iwanderedreluctantlyamongthechildren’sbooks.Ilovedanimals,sowhenIsawsomebooksthatseemedtobeaboutanimals,Istartedleafingthroughthem.

ThefirstbookIreadclearthroughwasChiptheDamBuilder.Itwasaboutbeavers.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIwaslostinanotherworld.Notelevisionprogramhadevertakenmesofarawayfrommysurroundingsasdidthisverbalvisittoacoldstreaminaforestandtheseanimalsbuildingahome.

Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.

SoonIbegantolookforwardtovisitingthishushedsanctuaryfrommyotherworld.Imovedfromanimalstoplants,andthentorocks.Betweenthecoversofallthosebookswerewholeworlds,andIwasfreetogoanywhereinthem.Alongthewayafunnythinghappened:Istartedtoknowthings.Teachersstartedtonoticeittoo.IgottothepointwhereIcouldn’twaittogethometomybooks.

NowmyolderbrotherisanengineerandIamchiefofpediatricneurosurgeryatJohnHopkinsChildren’sCenterinBaltimore.SometimesIstillcan’tbelievemylife’sjourney,fromafailingandindifferentstudentinaDetroitpublicschooltothisposition,whichtakesmeallovertheworldtoteachandperformcriticalsurgery.

ButIknowwhenthejourneybegan—thedayMomsnappedofftheTVsetandputusinherOldsmobileforthatdrivetothelibrary.

1.Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheauthor’sfamily?

3.Themotherwasto（

）makehertwosonsswitchtoreadingbooks.

4.Howdidthetwoboysfeelaboutgoingtothelibraryatfirst?

5.TheauthorbegantolovebooksforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorandhisbrotherhaddonepoorlyinschool

B.theauthorhadrealizedhowimportantschoolingwas

C.theauthorhadbeenveryconcernedabouthisschoolwork

D.theauthorhadspentmuchtimewatchingTVafterschool

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hismotherworkedasacleaner.

B.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.?

C.Hecamefromasingle-parentfamily.

D.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hesitant

B.determined

C.reluctant

D.unprepared

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywereafraid.

B.Theywerereluctant.

C.Theywereindifferent.

D.Theywereeagertogo.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hebegantoseesomethinginhismind

B.hecouldgobacktoreadthebooksagain

C.hecouldvisualizewhathereadinhismind

D.herealizedthatbooksofferedhimnewexperience

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“Itwas1961,andIwasinthefifthgrade.Mymarksinschoolweremiserableand,thethingwas,Ididn’tknowenoughtoreallycare...WewatchedTVeverynight.那是1961年，我在五年級(jí)。我在學(xué)校的成績(jī)很糟糕，問題是，我還并不在意……我們每天晚上看電視?！笨芍x項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到第一段“MyolderbrotherandIlivedwithMominadingymulti-familyhouseinDetroit.我和我的哥哥和媽媽住在底特律一個(gè)昏暗的多戶人家共同居住的房子里?！笨芍髡呒揖巢⒉缓?，故答案選B。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。文章第二三段描述了作者的母親回到家關(guān)上電視要讓他們開始讀書，每周讀兩本并寫報(bào)告，家里沒書就開車送他們?nèi)D書館等等，由此可知母親是下定決心讓兒子們讀書，因此答案選B。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第四段“Soprettysoontherewerethesetwopeevishboyssittinginherwhite1959OldsmobileontheirwaytoDetroitPublicLibrary.所以很快就有兩個(gè)壞脾氣的男孩坐在她的白色1959年的奧茲莫比爾汽車上，在去底特律公共圖書館的路上。”可知他們不情愿去圖書館，故答案選B。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Itdidn’tdawnonmeatthetime,buttheexperiencewasquitedifferentfromwatchingTV.Therewereimagesforminginmymindinsteadofbeforemyeyes.AndIcouldreturntothemagainandagainwiththeflipofapage.當(dāng)時(shí)我并沒有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，但這段經(jīng)歷和看電視完全不同。在我的腦海里形成了一些圖像，而不是在我眼前。我可以翻過一頁，一次又一次地回到他們身邊。”可知作者愛上讀書是因?yàn)闀芙o他全新的感受，讓他浮想聯(lián)翩，而不是因?yàn)樗芊磸?fù)地讀這些書，因此答案選B。

4.單選題

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。which指代前面的整個(gè)句子,

對(duì)主句起附加說明的作用。句意：我兩邊的鄰居都粉刷了他們的房子,

這使我的房子看起來比實(shí)際更破舊。

5.單選題

Thisprojectwould（

）ahugeincreaseindefensespending.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.result

B.assure

C.entail

D.accomplish

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:這個(gè)項(xiàng)目必須要在國(guó)防上的開支。

Result導(dǎo)致;assure保證,使某人相信;entail使是必需的;accomplish完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)(目標(biāo))，多用于完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù)或目標(biāo)。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makesroom

B.leavesnoroom

C.sparesnoefforts

D.takesnopains

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)makesroom為……留出空間；B選項(xiàng)leavesnoroom沒有空間；沒有余地；C選項(xiàng)sparesnoefforts不遺余力；D選項(xiàng)takesnopains沒有費(fèi)力氣，沒有痛苦。根據(jù)前文可知，他已經(jīng)列舉出了確鑿的證據(jù)，沒有必要進(jìn)一步爭(zhēng)論。因此，正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Itwouldtakethecitymanyyearsto______thenewcomersintothepatternsofastrangelife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorb

B.assimilate

C.digest

D.associate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)absorb“吸收，吸引”，B項(xiàng)assimilate“吸收，使同化”，C項(xiàng)digest“消化”，D項(xiàng)associate“聯(lián)想”。根據(jù)空格后的句子thenewcomersintothepatternsofastrangelife（剛進(jìn)入陌生生活模式的人）可知，空白部分應(yīng)該表示為“把……融入環(huán)境”，C、D選項(xiàng)可排除；B選項(xiàng)把被吸收物變成吸收物的一部分，吸收過程較慢；A選項(xiàng)使用更廣泛，所以A項(xiàng)更符合。句意：這個(gè)城市要花很多年的時(shí)間才能讓新來者適應(yīng)陌生的生活模式。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Forseveralyearsthelivesofthetwooldladiescontinuedtorevolveinintimateenmityaroundeachother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.companionship

B.hospitality

C.amiability

D.hostility

【答案】D

【解析】句意：幾年來，這兩位老太太的生活一直圍繞著彼此的恩怨而轉(zhuǎn)。enmity意為敵意，憎恨。companionship友誼，伴侶；hospitality殷勤，好客；amiability和藹可親，友善；hostility敵意，敵對(duì)。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

9.單選題

Withacandleinhand,hecarefully（）theflightofnarrowstairstohisbedroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asserted

B.ascertained

C.assembled

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。assert斷言，堅(jiān)持，維護(hù)；ascertain查明，確定；assemble聚集，集合；ascend攀登，上升。句意：他手里拿著蠟燭，小心翼翼地登上狹窄的樓梯，來到自己的臥室。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploynearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeperandreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightlybetterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,small-businessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotidea.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby（

）.

2.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneurshould

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusinessisnottrue?

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeanaccordingtothepassage?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnationalcorporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswellascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplantsandrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelargecompanies

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe’salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompany’scrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There’sgoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingtoasurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearlypremonitionoffailure.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwaterinthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolvethefinancialproblem.

C.It’stoolateforsmallbusinessownerstorealizethegravityoftheproblembecausetheyhaveuseduptheirmoney.

D.It’surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheirmoneyintotheenterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinamultinationalcorporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmallbusiness?

D.Howtoconquernewmarketsandgainthelargestprofit?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)可能由什么決定？”文章第一段第二句話提到“但是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過大多數(shù)美國(guó)人了解的是美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活力靠的是小商店、飯店、居民服務(wù)和工廠”（ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“為了能成功，企業(yè)應(yīng)該怎么做？”文章第二段第一句話提到“大多數(shù)先鋒企業(yè)因?yàn)闆]有前期準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行開拓進(jìn)取”（Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared），接著又提到“到1995年，60%的這些企業(yè)倒閉”（By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded），說明沒做好準(zhǔn)備的企業(yè)堅(jiān)持不了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，而要想成功，必須做好準(zhǔn)備，選項(xiàng)A“為自己的新生意做好十足準(zhǔn)備”符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列關(guān)于對(duì)小企業(yè)的描述哪個(gè)是錯(cuò)誤的？”文章第二段提到60%的先鋒企業(yè)倒閉是因?yàn)闆]有做好準(zhǔn)備，并不是因?yàn)樗鼈冮_始得早，所以選項(xiàng)B“開始得越早，倒閉得越快”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“第三段最后一句話的意思是什么？”文章第三段最后一句話提到“只有當(dāng)資金源泉干涸時(shí)，他們才看到問題的嚴(yán)重性，而那個(gè)時(shí)候，這個(gè)病人（即小企業(yè)）已經(jīng)無藥可救了”（Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave），因此選項(xiàng)C“小企業(yè)老板用光了錢之后才意識(shí)到問題，但是已經(jīng)為時(shí)已晚”符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章的中心思想是什么？”文章主要講述了小企業(yè)如何建立、又如何因?yàn)闆]有提前意識(shí)到問題而破產(chǎn)、如何成功發(fā)展小企業(yè)等問題，選項(xiàng)A“如何在小企業(yè)中成為勝利者”符合題意。

11.單選題

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itconsumesalmostaquarterofthebody’stotalenergy.

B.Itcontinuestoburnupcaloriestohelpusstayinshape.

C.Itusesupmuchlessenergythanitdoesindeepthinking.

D.Itremainsinactivewithoutburningcaloriesnoticeably.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Energyusagedevotedtoactivelearningaccountsforabigpartofit.

B.Muchoftheconsumptionhasnothingtodowithconsciousactivities.

C.Asignificantamountofitisforperformingdifficultcognitivetasks.

D.Ithassomethingtodowiththedifficultyoftheactivitiesinquestion.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisconducivetorelievingmentalexhaustion.

B.Itisaprerequisiteforanymentalactivity.

C.Itisbelievedtoremainbasicallyconstant.

D.Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingTwo

In1994,theWorldChessChampionshipwascalledoffabruptly,duetothewitheredframeofaplayerwhoiscompetingforthetitle.Hewasn’taloneinexperiencingtheextremephysicaleffectsofthegame.Eliteplayerscanreportedlyburnuptoanabsurd6,000caloriesinoneday.Doesthatmeanthatthinkingharderisasimpleroutetolosingweight?Well,[19]whenthebodyisatrest，weknowthatthebrainusesupastartling20%to25%ofthebody’soverallenergy.Thislevelofutilizationactuallymakesthebrainthemostenergy-expensiveorganinthebody,andyetitmakesuponly2%ofthebody’sweightoverall.

Sothemoreweputthisorgantowork,themorecalorieswe’llburn?Technically,theanswerisyes,forcognitivelydifficulttasks.Whatcountsasa“difficult”mentaltaskvariesbetweenindividuals.Butgenerally,itcouldbedescribedassomethingthatthebraincannotsolveeasilyusingpreviouslylearnedroutines,ortasksthatchangetheconditionscontinuously.However,deepthinkingwillnotburnoffthecaloriesgainedfromeatingasugarysnack.Becauseinrelationtothebrain’shugeoverallenergyusage,whichisdevotedtoamultitudeoftasks,theenergyrequiredjusttothinkharderisactuallycomparativelytiny.[20]We’reunconsciousofmostofwhatusesupthebrain’senergy.Alotofthatactivityisunrelatedtoconsciousactivitieslikelearninghowtosingorplaytheguitar.Thebrainisabletoallocateblood(andthusenergy)toparticularregionsthatarebeingactiveatthatpoint.But[21]theoverallenergyavailabilityinthebrainisthoughttobeconstant.So,whiletheremightbesignificantincreasesinenergyuseatlocalizedregionsofthebrainwhenweperformdifficultcognitivetasks,whenitcomestothewholebrain’senergybudgetoverall,theseactivitiesdon’tsignificantlyalterit.

So,whydidthechesschampiongrowtooskinnytocompeteinhischesscompetition?Thegeneralconsensusisthatitmostlycomesdowntostressandreducedfoodconsumption,notmentalexhaustion.Keepingyourbodypumpedupforactionforlongperiodsoftimeisveryenergy-demanding.Ifyoucan’teatasoftenorasmuchasyoucanorwouldnormally—thenyoumightloseweight.

19.Whatdowelearnaboutthebrainwhenthebodyisatrest?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問的是當(dāng)身體處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)大腦的情況。說話者提及，當(dāng)身體處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)時(shí)，大腦會(huì)消耗身體總能量的20%到25%，A選項(xiàng)“它消耗的能量幾乎占人體總能量的四分之一”是對(duì)原文錄音的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“它繼續(xù)燃燒卡路里，幫助我們保持體形”和C選項(xiàng)“它比在深度思考時(shí)消耗的能量更少”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除；D選項(xiàng)“它保持不活躍，沒有明顯燃燒卡路里”與錄音表達(dá)恰好相反，因此不正確。

20.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheconsumptionofthebrain’senergy?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問說話者對(duì)大腦能量的消耗有什么看法？說話者提出，我們無從感覺到是什么消耗了大腦的能量，而這些消耗能量的活動(dòng)大部分與有意識(shí)的活動(dòng)無關(guān)，因此B選項(xiàng)“大部分消耗與有意識(shí)的活動(dòng)無關(guān)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“用于主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的能量消耗占了很大一部分”在錄音中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“有相當(dāng)一部分是用于執(zhí)行困難的認(rèn)知任務(wù)”和D選項(xiàng)“這與正在論及的活動(dòng)的難度有關(guān)”。錄音原文表述的是：當(dāng)我們執(zhí)行困難的認(rèn)知任務(wù)時(shí)，大腦局部區(qū)域的能量使用可能會(huì)顯著增加，但當(dāng)涉及大腦的整體能量預(yù)算時(shí)，這些活動(dòng)并不會(huì)使它有顯著改變。C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)與原文表述不符，因此排除。

21.Whatdowelearnabouttheoverallenergyavailabilityinthebrain?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問我們了解到大腦中的整體能量供應(yīng)是怎樣的？錄音中提到大腦中的總體能量供應(yīng)是恒定的。因此C選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為它基本保持不變”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它有利于緩解精神疲憊”；B選項(xiàng)“它是任何心理活動(dòng)的前提”以及D選項(xiàng)“它被認(rèn)為與食物消耗有關(guān)”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此可排除。

12.單選題

VisitorstoIndiaareoftensurprisedtofindthatTajMahalisanalmost（

）topicofconversation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inexhausted

B.inexhaustible

C.inexhaustive

D.inexhausting

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A、D選項(xiàng)單詞不存在，B選項(xiàng)inexhaustible“用不完的”；C選項(xiàng)inexhaustive“不詳盡的、不徹底的”。句意為：到印度的旅行者通常都會(huì)驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)泰姬陵幾乎是一個(gè)談?wù)摬煌甑脑掝}，B選項(xiàng)符合題意，故答案選B。

13.單選題

“Youtrytogetsomesleep.I’ll______thepatient’sbreakfast”,saidthenurse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.seeto

B.stickto

C.getto

D.leadto

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.seeto注意，負(fù)責(zé)B.stickto堅(jiān)持

C.getto到達(dá)，開始，接觸到D.leadto導(dǎo)致，通向

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意“我來______病人的早餐”可知，空格處填入seeto表示“負(fù)責(zé)”符合句意，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】護(hù)士說：“你試著睡一會(huì)兒。我來負(fù)責(zé)病人的早餐?！?/p>

14.單選題

PassagetwoPsychologicaltestsaretools.Likealltools,theireffectivenessdependsontheknowledge,skill,andsincerityoftheuser.Ahammercanbeusedtobuildabeautifulkitchencabinetofitcanbeusedasaweaponofassault.Likeahammer,intelligencetestscanbeusedforpositivepurposesortheycanbeabusive.Itisimportantforboththetestconstructorandthetestexaminertobefamiliarwiththecurrentstateofscientificknowledgeaboutintelligenceandintelligencetests.

Eventhoughtheyhavelimitations,intelligencetestsareamongpsychology’smostwidelyusedtools.Tobeeffective,though,intelligencetestsmustbeviewedrealistically.Theyshouldnotbethoughtofasafixed,unchangingindicatorofaperson’sintelligence.Theyshouldalsobeusedinconjunctionwithotherinformationaboutapersonandshouldnotberelieduponasthesoleindicatorofwhetherachildshouldbeplacedinaspecial-educationorgiftedclass.Thechild’sdevelopmentalhistory,medicalbackground,performanceinschool,socialcompetencies,andfamilyexperiencesshouldbetakenintoaccount,too.

ThesinglenumberprovidedbymanyIQtestscaneasilyleadtostereotypesandexpectationsaboutaperson.ManypeopledonotknowhowtosweepinggeneralizationsaboutapersonaretoooftenmadeonthebasisofanIQscore.Imagine,forexample,thatyouareateachersittingintheteacher’sloungethedayafterschoolhasstartedinthefall.Youmentionastudent—JohnnyJones—andafellowteacherremarksthatshehadJohnnyinclasslastyear,andgoesontosaythathewasarealdunce,pointingoutthathisIQis78.Youcannothelpbutrememberthisinformation,anditmayleadyoutothinkthatJohnnyJonesisnotverybrightsoitisuselesstospendmuchtimeteachinghim.Inthisway,IQscoresaremisusedandstereotypesareformed.

26.Accordingtotheauthor,intelligencetests_______.

27.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

28.Theword“dunce”(Para.3)standsfor______.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat_______.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cannotbeusedastheindicatorofaperson’sintelligence

B.canbeusedforpositivepurposesandcanalsobemisused

C.arewidelyusedbecauseitisthesoleindicatorofone’sintelligence

D.arenotsoeffectiveduetotheirownshortcomings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theknowledge,skillandthesincerityoftheuserarethefactorsdeterminingtheeffectivenessofthepsychologicaltest.

B.Sincetheintelligencetestshavelimitations,theirresultsarenotreliablealthoughtheyareusedveryoften.

C.Aperson’sintelligencecanbemeasuredwithprecisionandaccuracyifheorshetakesanintelligencetest.

D.Whetherachildshouldbeplacedinagiftedclasscaneasilybedecidedbyhisperformanceintheintelligencetest.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anaveragestudent

B.aslowlearner

C.adancinggenius

D.alazyboyorgirl

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.lowscoreinintelligencetestindicatethatoneisaslowlearner

B.intelligencetestsarenotscientificandmustbeprohibited

C.teachershouldnottreatstudentsunequallyaccordingtotheirintelligencedifference

D.intelligencetestsareoftenmisusedandoftenleadtostereotype

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMeritsofIntelligenceTests.

B.TheUseandMisuseofIntelligenceTests.

C.TheimportanceofIntellige