考研考博-英語-嘉興學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-嘉興學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Pleasebeserious.Iamnot（）.Youshouldconsideritcarefully.

問題1選項

A.sorting

B.joking

C.counting

D.comparing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。sort“將…分類”；joke“開玩笑”；count“計數(shù)”；compare“比較”。句意：請嚴肅點，我不是開玩笑的。你應(yīng)該仔細地想想。B項符合題意。

2.單選題

Themarketingofindustrialproductsnecessitatedlarge-scalestoragespaces,andenormousshopssellingunderoneroofawidevarietyofitems.

問題1選項

A.identified

B.replaced

C.required

D.supplied

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項identify“確定，鑒定，識別”，B項replace“取代，代替，替換”，C項require“需要，要求”，D項supply“供給，提供”。句意：工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的營銷需要大規(guī)模的存儲空間，以及一個可以銷售各種各樣商品的巨大商店。necessitate在句中表示“需要”，四個選項中意思與之相近的是C項。因此，該題選擇C項。

3.單選題

Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosencompletely（）random.

問題1選項

A.at

B.in

C.by

D.on

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語辨析。句意：用來做實驗的人完全是隨機挑選的。at和random搭配意為“任意地，隨便地”，因此A選項為正確答案。

4.填空題

How（

）doyoutraveltoShanghaionbusiness?

【答案】ofen。

【解析】常用語。Howofen多久一次。

5.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtwotextscarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(1)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersex—bothphysicallyandemotionally.(2)Thus,theyarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriousresponsibilitiesmustbetakenon.Menaretobetheproviders;womenandchildrenare“dependents.”

(3)Theideologyalsoholdsthatwomenwhowishtoworkoutsidethehouseholdshouldnaturallyfillthesejobsthatareinlinewiththespecialcapabilitiesoftheirsex.Itisthusappropriateforwomen,notmen,tobeemployedasnurses,socialworkers,elementaryschoolteachers,householdhelpers,andclerksandsecretaries.Thesepositionsaresimplyanextensionofwomen’sdomesticrole.Informaldistinctionsbetween“women’swork”and“men’swork”inthelaborforce,accordingtotheideology,aresimplyafunctionalreflectionofthebasicdifferencesbetweenthesexes.

(4)Finally,theideologysuggeststhatnaturehasworkedherwillinanothersignificantway.Forthehumanspeciestosurviveovertime,itsmembersmustregularlyreproduce.Thus,womenmust,whetherathomeorinthelaborforce,makethemostoftheirphysicalappearance.

Sogoestheideology.Itis,ofcourse,nottruethatbasicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesrequireeachtoplaysex-definedrolesinsociallife.(5)Thereisampleevidencethatsexrolesvaryfromsocietytosociety,andthoseroledifferencesthatdoexistarelargelylearned.

Buttothedegreepeopleactuallybelievethatbiologyisdestinyandthatnatureintendedformenandwomentomakedifferentcontributionstosociety,sex-definedroleswillbeseenastotallyacceptable.

【答案】1.性別歧視是在生理由先天決定這一思想基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的，并被其合理化。根據(jù)這一思想，生理和心理的基本差異存在于性別之中。

2.這樣，女人天生比男人更加適合履行家庭職責(zé)。在通常情況下，女人的位置處于在家里這個被保護的環(huán)境中。

3.這種思想還認為，想要走出家庭到外面工作的女人自然就應(yīng)該在那些適合她們性別的行業(yè)里的工作。

4.最后，這種思想還認為，自然以另一種顯著的方式行使了自己的意志。人類要長遠生存下來，它的成員必須有規(guī)律地繁衍。

5.有充足的證據(jù)表明，性別角色在不同的社會里是不同的，而且這些確實存在的角色差異大都是后天學(xué)來的。

6.單選題

Thebanditsdemandedthatoneofthetravelersshouldstaywiththemasa（

）.

問題1選項

A.humanitarian

B.horn

C.host

D.hostage

【答案】D

【解析】humanitarian人道主義者,慈善家；horn觸角,號角；host主持人；hostage人質(zhì),抵押品。句意:歹徒要求其中一名旅客作為人質(zhì)待在他們身邊。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

Well,you'reatallmanandyoucancarryagooddealofweightwithoutlookingawkward.

問題1選項

A.inconvenient

B.funny

C.untidy

D.clumsy

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，awkward意為笨拙的。inconvenient不便的；funny有趣的；untidy凌亂的，懶散的；clumsy笨拙的。選項D與之意思相近。

8.單選題

______totellusthattheinterestoftheindividualshouldbesubordinatetothatofthecollective?

問題1選項

A.Wereyouused

B.Areyouused

C.Didyouuse

D.Doyouused

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：你不是經(jīng)常告訴我們個人的利益應(yīng)該從屬于集體的利益嗎？sb.usedtodo“某人過去常常做某事”，其一般疑問句為didsb.usetodo；sb.beusedto(doing)sth.“習(xí)慣于（做）某事”，其一般疑問句為be動詞提前；beusedtodosth.“被用來做某事”。結(jié)合語境，這里指的是過去常常告訴我們某事，C選項Didyouuse符合題意。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

Hisfriendlinessandhelpfulnessare（）thatmakeeveryonelikeshim.

問題1選項

A.principled

B.attributes

C.functions

D.regimens

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的友好和樂于助人是很起作用的，大家都喜歡他。A選項為“有原則的，有操守的”；B選項為“歸因，屬性”；C選項為“起作用”；D選項為“養(yǎng)生法養(yǎng)生之道”。根據(jù)原句語義邏輯可知，C項與friendliness和helpfulness搭配更恰當(dāng)，更符合句意。

10.翻譯題

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshavefiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor,trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeasfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Buifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhints,fromthetwistandturnofthefistsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofhumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.

Letmecometothepointboldly;whatgovernstheEnglishmanishisinneratmosphere,theweatherinhissoul.Itisnothingspiritualormysterious.When,inhisgardenorbyhisfire，hesprawlsinanaggressivelycomfortablechair;whenheischoosinghisclothesorhisprofession—neverisitaprecisereason,orpurpose,orouterfactthatdetermineshim;itisalwaystheatmosphereofhisinnerman.

【答案】既然書有小說、傳記、詩歌之分，我們就應(yīng)該把它們分類，從中吸收它們應(yīng)該給予的知識。這說起來很容易。然而很少有人要求書本應(yīng)該給予的知識。我們總是囫圇吞棗般去看書，要求小說必須真實，要求詩歌必須虛構(gòu)，要求傳記諂媚，要求歷史書能加強自己的偏見。如果我們讀書之前能拋開這些偏見，將會是一個好的開始。不要去強加你的想法給作者，而是要去理解他，成為他的伙伴。如果你將自己置身事外，并且從一開始就批判他，你就無法從書中獲得最大的價值。但是如果你敞開心扉，那么書中精細入微的寓言和暗示便會讓你從開頭那些晦澀的句子中繞出來，把你帶到一個獨特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去鉆研，你很快會發(fā)現(xiàn)，作者正向你闡述的或者是試圖向你闡述的東西是一些比原來要明確得多的東西。

讓我直接切入正題：支配英國人的是他內(nèi)心的情調(diào)，靈魂深處的氣象。它既不是精神上的，也不神秘。在花園中或者壁爐旁，他會伸展四肢躺在一張舒服的椅子上；當(dāng)挑選衣服或者職業(yè)時，并不是有明確的理由、目的，或者外部條件來制約他的決定，僅僅取決于他內(nèi)在的情調(diào)。

11.單選題

WhenUseHaddasoldherroomy,threebedroomhouseayearagotomoveintoatwo-bedroomcondoinBerkeley,California,shestruggledtoarrangeheroldfurnitureinhernewspace.Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway.Nothingseemedtowork.Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming.Shecouldn’tfindspaceforherfavoriteleatherchairandtheotherfurnituregroupedaroundthelivingroomfireplace.Inanalcoveoffthemasterbedroom,herdeskfeltoutofplaceandgotinthewayofthein-wallironingboard."Iwasfrustratedbecauseitlookedawful,shesays.

Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers.

It'snotasstrangeasitsounds.Real-estateagentsoftenrecommendthatsellershireahomestager(alsoknownasreal-estateenhancer)towhiskthroughtheirhomesand"neutralize"thembeforetheygoonthemarket.When"stagingtosell,"ahomestager,sometimeswiththehelpofateam,stashesawaypersonalitems(yourcollectionofantiquedolls,forexample,orthemodelboatonthemantel);repaintsaggressivelycoloredwalls,andrearrangesfurnitureandaccessoriestodrawattentiontoahome'sbestfeatures."Stagingtolive,"asit'scalled,isthelogicalnextstep.Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome.Butthistime,insteadofseekingtodepersonalizeyourabode,theemphasisisonorganizing,decluttering,andrearrangingto"de-stress"theenvironment,saysBarbSchwarz,who'sbeenstaginghomesformorethan30yearsandfoundedtheInternationalAssociationofHomeStagingProfessionalsfouryearsago.

"It'svisualtherapy,"saysSchwarz."It'saboutfine-tuningaspacetoimproveitsenergyandtheflowfromroomtoroom,"shesays.Schwarzestimatesthatabout40percentofherstaging-to-sellclientsaskhertostagetheirnewhomes.

Stagingisalsoaboutgettingridoffamiliarobjectsthathomeownersareoverlyattachedto,saysinteriordesignerPatMcMillan,coauthorofHomeDecoratingforDummies.Astager"canbebrutallyhonest"aboutdisposingofclutterandrelegatingtattyfamilyheirloomstothecloset.

Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield,throughathree-daycourseatoneofSchwarz'sStagingUniversitytrainingprogramswhichcoverssuchtopicsastrafficpatterns,furniturearrangement,and"familylifestyle”,earnsgraduatestherighttocallthemselvesAccreditedStagingProfessionals.Feesvarywidelybuttypicallyrunabout$75anhour.Dependingonthenumberofrooms,thetotalfeetostageahomemayrangeanywherefrom$750to$3,0000,saysSchwarz.

1.Thesentence"Nothingseemedtowok"(Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothethirdparagraph?

3.Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thestagerfieldistheoneinwhich?

問題1選項

A.herfurniturelosttheirfunctionsfortheirnewarrangement

B.shehadlostherjobandhadnothingtodo

C.herfurnitureweretoooldtobeusedanylonger

D.shedidn'tlikeherfurnitureanymorefortheirawfullooking

問題2選項

A.Onehomestagerisenoughtodoalltheworks.

B.Thestagerstrytheirbesttopreventthehousefrombeingsold.

C.Personalitemsofthehomeownerwillbeusedtodrawattention.

D.Wallswithinappropriatecolorswillberepainted.

問題3選項

A.stagingtoliveisacertainstepforallthe"stagingtosell"clients.

B.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsorganizetheirnewhouses.

C.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsselltheirnewhouses.

D.stagingtolivecostsmuchmorethanthestepof“stagingtosell”.

問題4選項

A.anyonecanbuyasatisfyinghousefrom

B.anyonecanearnalotofmoney

C.anyonecanhaveatry

D.anyonecanstartatrainingcompany

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“句子‘沒有什么看起來發(fā)揮了作用’可能是什么意思？”文章第一段第二句提到曾經(jīng)擺放在一起的成套的家具現(xiàn)在卻不再按照以前的方式擺放了（Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway）；第四句提到她的七個大型的木制書柜被擺放在客廳里面，使它們看起來不協(xié)調(diào)并且占了大量的空間（Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming），因此可知選項A“重新擺放后的家具失去了作用”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)第三段可知下列哪句話是正確的？”文章第二段提到Hadda后悔沒有早點找一個理家老手來幫她去掉房子之前的印記，以便吸引潛在買家（Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers），由此可知選項D“不合適的墻面顏色需要重新刷油漆”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從第三段可推斷出什么？”文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句話提到在見識到了理家老手的高超手段后，他們會再次雇傭理家老手去打理他們的新家（Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome），因此選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章可知，理家行業(yè)怎么樣？”文章最后一段第一句話提到每個人都可以嘗試在這個領(lǐng)域發(fā)展（Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield），選項C符合題意。

12.單選題

Herwhiteblousewasterribly（）withinkastheinkbottleoverturnedandspiltover.

問題1選項

A.marked

B.merged

C.stained

D.colored

【答案】C

【解析】mark標(biāo)志,做記號；merge合并,融合；stain被污染,玷污；color粉飾,給...涂顏色。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指她的白襯衫被墨水污染,所以選項C正確。

13.單選題

Thepurchaseofanewmansionandabrand-newautomobilehasbecomethe（

）ofthenewgenerationofwhite-collarworkeralongwiththeirdesireofholidaysoverseas.

問題1選項

A.tenacity

B.attraction

C.inspiration

D.aspiration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tenacity“初性；不屈不撓”；attraction“吸引；吸引人的事物”；inspiration“靈感；吸氣”；aspiration“渴望；抱負”。句意：購買一個新的宅第和一輛全新的汽車，去海外度假已經(jīng)成為了新一代的白領(lǐng)工人的愿望。由alongwiththeirdesireofholidaysoverseas.中的desire可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與其意思接近，故D項正確。

14.單選題

Whenthefireisoutandthe（）areglowing,it’stimetocallitanight.

問題1選項

A.halos

B.embers

C.ashes

D.fragments

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項halos“光暈，光環(huán)，色圈”；B選項embers“余燼，余火”；C選項ashes“骨灰，灰燼”；D選項fragments“碎片，片段；分裂”。句意：當(dāng)火焰熄滅，（）閃光，是時候收工了。fireisout和embers“余燼，余火”相對應(yīng)，符合語境。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.

1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun（

）.

3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.

B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.

C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.

D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.

問題2選項

A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarf

B.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyears

C.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightness

D.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears

問題3選項

A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.

B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.

C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.

問題4選項

A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.

B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.

C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.

D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.

問題5選項

A.Alarmed

B.Pessimistic

C.Comic

D.Objective

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句話是文章的中心句，提到“通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家可以預(yù)測太陽系其他部分的樣子”（Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike），由此可知選項D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章可推斷出太陽……”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時，太陽會繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球。由此可知，現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)的時間差不多是太陽生命的一半，選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“當(dāng)太陽變成紅色星球，地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的溫度會很熱，生命無法生存”（Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist），選項C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于太陽發(fā)展的各個階段，下列哪個是正確的”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時，太陽會繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球，由此可知正確的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf，選項C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章的基調(diào)是什么”。文章從頭到尾都是以非常客觀的態(tài)度來描述天文學(xué)家對太陽發(fā)展的預(yù)測，選項D符合題意。Alarmed“擔(dān)憂的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”；comic“滑稽的”；objective“客觀的”。

16.單選題

Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent（）whichapricechangewillaffectsupplydemand.

問題1選項

A.from

B.to

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查短語搭配。Which指先行詞theextent，空格處詞語應(yīng)與theextent相搭配，構(gòu)成to……extent。B選項正確。

17.單選題

Though（）inSanFrancisco,DaveMitchellhadalwayspreferredtorecordtheplainfactsofsmall-townlife.

問題1選項

A.raised

B.grown

C.developed

D.cultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考査動詞辨析。raised養(yǎng)育；grown増長；developed培養(yǎng),

發(fā)展；cultivated耕作,

種植。句意：雖然戴夫·米切爾在舊金山長大，但他更喜歡記錄小鎮(zhèn)生活的平凡生活。選項A符合句意。

18.單選題

Moneywages,interestratesandtaxpaymentshaveallbeenadjustedto______the10percentriseintheaveragelevelofprices.

問題1選項

A.minglewith

B.pickup

C.tuckin

D.allowfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項minglewith“和……混合”，B項pickup“撿起，獲得，收拾”，C項tuckin“緊縮，塞入，盡情地吃”，D項allowfor“考慮到，慮及”。由Moneywages,interestratesandtaxpaymentshaveallbeenadjusted“貨幣工資、利率和稅收都進行了調(diào)整”和the10percentriseintheaveragelevelofprices“平均價格水平10%的增長”可知，“獲得”符合語境。句意：貨幣工資、利率和稅收都進行了調(diào)整，以加快平均價格水平10%的增長。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

19.填空題

Earthquakesarenaturalshakingswithintheearth’scrust.Theyshowthatcrustalmovementsarestilltaking（1）onourplanettoday,（2）ontheMoon,whichappearstohavenosuchactivity.Seismometersenablegeologiststo（3）theintensityofquakes.MuchofChinaisseismicallyactive,withthemost（4）recentearthquakehavingoccurredin2008,inSichuan（5）.

【答案】place;unlike,measure;serious:province

【解析】句意:地震是地球地殼內(nèi)的正常震動。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)地殼運動在我們今天的星球上仍在發(fā)生，不像月球上，貌似沒有這樣的運動。測振儀能夠使地質(zhì)學(xué)家測量震動的強度。中國大部分地區(qū)地質(zhì)活躍，最近最嚴重（破壞力最大）的一次地震發(fā)生在2008年的四川。

1.固定搭配。takeplace發(fā)生。

2.語義題。句意:不像月球上，貌似沒有這樣的運動。故填unlike。

3.語義題。根據(jù)前面的seismometers(測振儀)推測此處填measure(測量)。

4.語義題。句意:中國大部分地區(qū)地質(zhì)活躍，最近最嚴重的一次地震發(fā)生在2008年的四川。故填serious。

5.語義題。根據(jù)Sichuan推測此處填province。

20.單選題

Thenewmedialawthathassparkedafurorinthecountryrequiresallbroadcastanddigitalmediatoprovide“balancedcoverage”andisseenbycriticsasanattemptto（）thepress.

問題1選項

A.muzzle

B.underpin

C.sidestep

D.reassure

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。muzzle“使緘默，封鎖...的言論”；underpin“鞏固，支持”；sidestep“回避”；reassure“使安心”。句意：在全國引起了軒然大波的新媒體法，要求所有廣播和數(shù)字媒體提供均衡的報道，被評論家認為有可能帶來言論受限等結(jié)果。選項A符合題意。

21.單選題

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinginairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheiranxietybytellingjokes.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes,sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhypeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingoffear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone'sfears?

問題1選項

A.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

B.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

C.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

D.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

問題2選項

A.Todisguisetheiranxiety

B.Toattackothers

C.Tocontrolone’sownfears

D.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor

問題3選項

A.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.tobefamiliarwithtension

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

問題4選項

A.Earlychildhoodexperience.

B.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

C.Thefearofheights.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

問題5選項

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

C.Tocontrolone'sfeelings.

D.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人試圖通過講笑話來掩飾他們的焦慮；另一些人則吵鬧和好斗，攻擊別人的方法是使人成為被取笑的對象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的對象。選項D符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.有時讓別人成為笑話的對象是為了控制自己的恐懼——控制焦慮?！庇纱丝芍?，人們講笑話的積極目的是為了控制自己的恐懼和焦慮，所以選項C符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知，控制焦慮意味著要克服緊張不安的感覺，選項A符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.但關(guān)鍵的因素似乎是一種失控的感覺?！边x項D符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知：在問題得以解決之前，有必要認識它，承認我們害怕是控制恐懼過程中不可分割的一部分。所以選項B符合原文。

22.單選題

TheEverVictoriousArmyservedasan(a)（）tothepoorlyorganized,poorlytrained,andpoorlydisciplinedprovincialforcesofthegovernor.

問題1選項

A.service

B.help

C.adjunct

D.extension

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項service“維修，檢修”；B選項help“幫助”；C選項adjunct“附屬的”；D選項extension“拓展”。adjunctto“附屬于，部下”，為固定搭配。helpto在這里不符合題干內(nèi)容，可排除。句意：常勝軍隊……組織欠妥、訓(xùn)練不足、紀律不嚴的政府地方部隊。因此C選項正確。

23.單選題

BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962,onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949.Steinbeckhadbeenconsideredonthoseoccasionsandalsoin1945.Asthehonorisbyfarthegreatestanywritercanreceive,Steinbeckwaselated.Thefeelingofelationwastemperedslightly,however,bytheobservationexpressedbySteinbeckin1956，thatrecipientsoftheNobelPrizeseldomwriteanythingofvalueafterwards.HecitedHemingwayandFaulknerasexamples,minimizingthepointthatbythetimeoftheirselectionmostwritershadalreadywrittentheirbestwork.Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself,Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe4*couldbeattherap'Likehiscontemporaries,andothersaswell,however,hedidnot.

Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature.

1.InwhatyearwasSteinbecksixtyyearsold?

2.Accordingtothepassage,Steinbeckwrotehisbestwork（

）.

3.Before1949,howmanyAmericanshadreceivedtheNobelPrizeforliterature?

4.Inthesecondparagraph,thephrase"doesso”refersto

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardJohnSteinbeck?

問題1選項

A.1949

B.1954

C.1956

D.1962

問題2選項

A.inanexpressivestyle

B.beforereceivingtheNobelPrize

C.whilehewasfeelingelated

D.guidedbyhiscontemporaries

問題3選項

A.Two

B.Three

C.Four

D.Five

問題4選項

A.feelelatedatreceivingtheNobelPrize

B.accepttheNobelPrizeifnominated

C.writewellafterreceivingtheNobelPrize

D.honorNobelPrizewinnersofthepast

問題5選項

A.Steinbeckwasanexceptionallydifferentauthor

B.SteinbeckshouldhavereceivedtheNobelPrizeearlier

C.Steinbeckwroteequallywellthroughouthislife

D.Steinbeckearnedhisreputationwellbefore1962

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962(在諾貝爾文學(xué)獎于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前),以及后面說到:Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself(60歲時，在他（約翰?斯坦貝克）自己得到該獎項（即諾貝爾文學(xué)獎）后),由此可知D項“1962年”正確。

2.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要)約翰?斯坦貝克在得到諾貝爾文學(xué)獎后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因為他在很早以前己經(jīng)在現(xiàn)代美國文學(xué)上成名了。由此可知B項“在獲得諾貝爾獎之前”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962，onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949(在諾貝爾文學(xué)獎于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前，只有五位美國人先前受到過如此殊榮，這五位在時間上最近的是1954年的歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威（美國作家）和1949年的威廉??？思{（美國小說家）),由此可知1949年以前獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的美國人有三位。

4.判斷推理題。"doesso”出現(xiàn)在第二段,其所在句是順承前面的句子:Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe“couldbeattherap”(約翰?斯坦貝克給一位朋友寫信稱，如果他不相信自己將繼續(xù)寫出好作品和能免受指責(zé)（諾貝爾獎得主在得獎后很少寫出有價值的任何東西）的話，那么他將不會接受諾貝爾獎),由此可知C項“獲得諾貝爾獎后寫出好作品”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。最后一段指出:TherewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoessoforSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要這位作者（即約翰?斯坦貝克）在得到諾貝爾文學(xué)獎后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因為約翰?斯坦貝克在很早以前已經(jīng)在現(xiàn)代美國文學(xué)上成名了)。由此可知D項“約翰?斯坦貝克在1962年前已經(jīng)非常出名”正確。

24.單選題

This（

）wasconductedtofindouthowmanypeoplepreferTVseriestofilms.

問題1選項

A.examination

B.inspection

C.analysis

D.survey

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意:目的在于弄清楚多少人更喜歡看電視連續(xù)劇而不是電影。由此可以推斷,這是一項調(diào)查,所以選項D符合語境。

25.單選題

Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning_