考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川工商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川工商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Microfinanceisananti-povertytool.Ifyoumakesmallloanstogroupsofpoorwomen,theyalwaysrepaythemontime.Microfinancehasgrownrapidlyinmanycountries.Yettheindustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial.

InBangladeshthegovernmenthascappedtheannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.InAndhraPradesh(AP),theIndianstatewiththemostmicrofinanceborrowers,localpoliticianshavebulliedthebusinesstoavirtualhalt.Thesestepsareostensiblymotivatedbyadesiretodefendthepoorfromgettingstuckinadebt.Buttheyarewrong-headed.

Despitechargingseeminglyhighinterestrates,MFIstypicallyhavethinmarginsbecauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans.Pressingthemtoreduceratesfurtherwouldjeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.

Infact,thepooroftenusemicroloanstopayofffarmoreexpensiveloansfromvillagemoneylenders.Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.Thatwouldbegoodnewsforthesemoneylenders,butissurelynottheoutcomethatpolicymakerswant.

Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry.Peru,forexample,isrankedashavingthebestbusinessenvironmentformicrofinance,inpartbecausetheregulatorhassuccessfullysetandenforcedrulesoncapitalbuffers,leadingtoamorestableenvironmentfortheindustry.India,incontrast,isyettodecidewhetherrulesgoverningmicrofinancearetobesetatthenationallevelorbyindividualstates.

Manythingscanbedone.Forinstance,anassociationofIndianMFIsistryingtosetupacreditbureauwhichwouldallowthemtotrackclients’overallindebtednessandcredithistories,thusguardingthemagainstlendingapersonmorethansheisabletohandle.ThiswouldbehelpedenormouslyifthegovernmentspedupitseffortstogiveallIndiansauniversalidentificationnumber.TheIndiangovernmentshouldalsoallowMFIstotakedeposits,whichtheyarecurrentlypreventedfromdoing:thiswouldmakethemlessdependentoncapitalmarketsforfunding.Actuallytherearemoreusefulmeasuresforthepoorthananinterest-ratecap.

1.Themicrofinanceindustryisunderattackbecause（

）.

2.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph2mostprobablymeans

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,MFIsarenotmakingabigprofitbecause

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor，whatwouldhappenifpeople’saccesstomicrofinanceisrestricted?

5.InParagraph5,whatdoestheexampleofPeruandIndiaindicate?

6.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichmeasureisNOTapprovedbytheauthor?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itdevelopstoofast

B.itofferssmallloans

C.itover-emphasizesbusiness

D.itisananti-povertytool

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tosetamaximumannualinterestrate

B.tochangetheannualinterestrate

C.torelaxthecontroloftheannualinterestrate

D.toreducetheannualinterestrate

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theinterestratesaretoolow

B.thehandingofnumeroussmallloansisexpensive

C.theyfailtoattractprivatecapital.

D.theyareundergreatpressurefromthegovernment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheprofitofMFIswouldbereduced.

B.Poorpeoplewouldnotbetrappedinadebt.

C.Peoplewouldonlygetmorecostlyloans.

D.Policymakerswouldbethrilledattheoutcome.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Indiahasbeenawareoftheimportanceofregulationonmicrofinance.

B.ThemicrofinanceindustryisboominginbothIndiaandPeru.

C.Sensibleregulationspromotethemicrofinanceindustry.

D.Regulationsshouldbesetatthenationallevel.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Setupcapitalmarketsforfunding.

B.Understandthecredithistoriesoftheclients.

C.Giveeveryoneauniversalidentificationnumber.

D.PermitMFIstoattractdeposits.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“yetthendustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial（然而，該行業(yè)因過(guò)于商業(yè)化而受到抨擊）”,即可得出本題答案。

2.詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。第二段中提及印度的當(dāng)?shù)卣踔两型Ａ诵☆~信貸的業(yè)務(wù)。對(duì)比孟加拉，文中提及，微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)可以收取27%的利率（theannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.）。在第三段，作者還論述了對(duì)于小額信貸降低利率的弊端有哪些（jeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.）。由此可知，政府試圖限制小額貸款的利率，從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“becauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans（因?yàn)閿?shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的小額貸款的分期付款成本很高）”,即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段第二句，“Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.(限制人們小額信貸的后果是迫使窮人轉(zhuǎn)向利率更高的高利貸借貸。)”從而得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry(合理的監(jiān)管不必與繁榮的小額信貸行業(yè)相抵觸)”,即可得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位最后一段，“giveallIndiansauniversalidentificationnumber.”“allowthemtotrackclients’overallindebtednessandcredithistories”“allowMFIstotakedeposits”可知選項(xiàng)A的內(nèi)容在文章中并未提及，從而得出本題答案。

2.單選題

Aconcert（

）willbeheldnextweek

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inwhichMozart'sworksaretobeperformed

B.whichperformsMozart'sworks

C.performsMozart'sworks

D.thatMozart'sworkswillbeperformed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:下周將舉行一場(chǎng)演奏莫扎特作品的音樂(lè)會(huì)。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。分析題干跟選項(xiàng)可知,Aconcert為句子主語(yǔ),willbeheld為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。所以空格處是一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。排除C項(xiàng)。先行詞為concert,所以空格處應(yīng)該包含介詞in.故選A。

3.單選題

It（

）toseesomanychildreninthatmountainousareacannotevenaffordelementaryeducation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.painsher

B.makesherpain

C.ispaining

D.ispained

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。itpainssb.tosee意為“看到……使某人心痛”。句意：看到很多山區(qū)的孩子無(wú)法接受基礎(chǔ)教育使她心痛。

4.單選題

Thehealth-careeconomyisfilledwithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer”inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician—andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday",whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor'sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants-thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital,andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective.

1.Theauthor'sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Itcaninferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect

（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto

（

）.

5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbelikelytoagree?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

B.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealth-care

C.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

D.informpotentialpatientsoftheirhealth-carerights

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofpatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient'shealth

D.somepatientsmightrefusetoaccepttheirphysician'sadvice

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

B.warningthepatientthatahospitalstaymightbenecessary

C.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

D.admittingthattheinitialvisitwasineffective

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.aproposalofcontrolmedicalcosts

B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

C.ananalysisofthecauseofinflationintheUnitedStates

D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Fewpatientsarereluctanttoobjecttothecourseofthetreatmentprescribedbyadoctorortoquestionthecostoftheservices.

B.Themoreserioustheillnessofapatient,thelesslikelyitisthatthepatientwillobjecttothecourseoftreatmentprescribedortoquestionthecostofservices.

C.Thepayer,whetherinsurancecarrierorthegovernment,islesslikelytoacquiescetodemandsforpaymentwhentheillnessofthepatientisregardedasserious.

D.BothAandB.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到在經(jīng)濟(jì)的大部分領(lǐng)域購(gòu)買者做出決定，但在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域卻不是如此（Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Suchcondition,howeverdoesnotprevailinmostofthehealth-careindustry.）文章主要講述了衛(wèi)生保健領(lǐng)域醫(yī)生和病人奇怪的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系，其他幾段分析了這種關(guān)系的不同之處，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第三段最后一句話提到“因此，在醫(yī)院的政策和決策中，醫(yī)務(wù)人員是‘權(quán)力中心’，而不是行政部門”（Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration），根據(jù)asaconsequence可知，原因在該句的前面，Littlewonderthenthatintheeyeofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal"consumer."（難怪在醫(yī)院的眼里醫(yī)生才是真正的消費(fèi)者）。也就是說(shuō)醫(yī)生決定了醫(yī)院的收入，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到“醫(yī)生通常做出所有重大的購(gòu)買決定，如：病人是否應(yīng)該在下周三回醫(yī)院”（itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn"nextWednesday"），選項(xiàng)A“指導(dǎo)病人買更多的醫(yī)療服務(wù)”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。最后一段作者指出75-80%的醫(yī)療花費(fèi)是由醫(yī)生決定的，而不是病人（Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients），因此針對(duì)病人或一般人的節(jié)約是相對(duì)無(wú)效的（Forthisreason,economydirectedatpatientsorthegeneralarerelativelyineffective），由此可以看出作者對(duì)這種做法是持否定意見(jiàn)的，所以作者接下來(lái)可能會(huì)提出一些建議來(lái)改變這種行為，選項(xiàng)A“控制醫(yī)療成本的建議”符合題意。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第二段最后一句提到很少有病人會(huì)為價(jià)格問(wèn)題來(lái)質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生，尤其是那些病重的病人（Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhenthediseaseisregardedasserious），選項(xiàng)A的大意是很少有病人不愿意反對(duì)醫(yī)生，與原文不符合，因此符合題意。

5.單選題

Helookedpale,tiredanddepressed,foralthoughhehadbeenworkingforfifteen（）daysontheproject,hisbosswasstillfarfrombeingsatisfiedwiththeresult.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consecutive

B.continuous

C.consequent

D.controversial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)consecutive“連貫的；連續(xù)不斷的（中間沒(méi)有停頓的）”；B選項(xiàng)continuous“持續(xù)的；繼續(xù)的（中間是可以間斷的）”；C選項(xiàng)consequent“隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的”；D選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭(zhēng)議的；有爭(zhēng)論的”。句意：他臉色蒼白、疲倦且沮喪，因?yàn)楸M管他在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上連續(xù)不斷地工作了15天，但是他的老板對(duì)結(jié)果仍很不滿意。根據(jù)句意可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Ronny’sstepsdiedaway,andtherewasamomentof（

）silence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abundant

B.ample

C.absolute

D.adequate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。abundant“豐富的，充裕的”；ample“豐富的，足夠的”；absolute“絕對(duì)的，完全的；專制的”；adequate“充足的”。句意：羅尼的腳步聲漸漸消失了，只剩下徹底的寂靜?？崭裉幍男稳菰~是用來(lái)形容silence的程度，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom（

）onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contamination

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.configuration

【答案】B

【解析】句意:最近《科學(xué)》雜志上的一篇論文認(rèn)為，巖石中的有機(jī)化合物主要來(lái)自于地球上的組成物質(zhì)，而非是火星上的細(xì)菌。

考查形近詞辨析。Contamination污染,污染物;constitution憲法,章程,構(gòu)造,組成物質(zhì);condemnation譴責(zé),指責(zé);configuration結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造,格局。ratherthan連接空格跟“bacteriaonMars(火星上的細(xì)菌)”,因此空格處應(yīng)該是“組成物質(zhì)”。

8.單選題

Agroupofyoungmeninragssaunteredalongthestreet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shuffled

B.rambled

C.tacked

D.hollered

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.shuffled拖著腳走，坐立不安B.rambled漫步，閑逛

C.tacked（用平頭釘）釘??；戧風(fēng)行駛D.hollered發(fā)牢騷，大聲喊叫

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】由Agroupofyoungmeninrags（一群衣衫襤褸的年輕人）和street（街道）可推測(cè)，句子意思表示“一群衣衫襤褸的年輕人沿街閑逛”，劃線單詞sauntered表示“閑逛，漫步”。因此，B選項(xiàng)詞義最為接近，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞意思不符合。

【句意】一群衣衫襤褸的年輕人沿街閑逛。

9.單選題

Heiswellacquaintedwithmanyofthe（

）JesusChristtoldtohisfollowers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecdotes

B.parables

C.legends

D.myths

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。anecdotes“奇聞?shì)W事”；parables“比喻，尤指《圣經(jīng)》里的寓言故事”；legends“傳說(shuō)，傳奇”；myths“神話”。句意：他對(duì)許多耶穌告訴其追隨者的故事很熟悉。故B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Awell-establisheddistinctioninmemorytheoryisthatbetweenshort-termandlong-termmemory.Theformerreferstoourabilitytodosuchthingsasremembertelephonenumberslongenoughtodialthem,thelatter-concernsthewiderangeofwaysinwhichexperiencecanaffectbehaviormanyyearslater.Giventhetwodifferentkindsofability,itisreasonabletohypothesizethateachisrepresenteddifferentlyinthebrain.Anexperimentwasdesignedtotestthehypothesisthatlong-termmemoryimpliesachemicalchangeinthebraincells,whileshort-termmemoryinvolvespatternsofimpulsesinelectricofservecells.

Onegroupofratsweretaughttorunthroughamaze.Fiveminutesafterlearningthetask,theywerecooledto5°C,thetemperatureatwhichallelectricalactivityinthebrainceased.Theyweretenkeptatthistemperaturefor15minutesbeforebeingallowedtotheirnormaltemperature.Theywerethenrunthroughthemaze,again.

Asecondgroupofratsweretaughttorunthesamemaze,andthenimmediatelycooledto5°Cfor15minutes.Alterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirtemperature,anattemptwasmadetorunthesecondgroupthroughthemazeagain.Itwasfoundthatratsinthefirstgrouphadnodifficultywiththemazethesecondtime,suggestingthattheydidnothavetorelearnthetask.Ratsinthesecondgroupwhichwascooledimmediatelyafterlearningthemaze,ontheotherhand,couldnotnegotiatethemazesuccessfully,i.e.,theyapparentlycouldnotrememberwhattheyhadlearned.

Itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory.Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory.Long-termmemory,incontrast,isunaffectedbythedisruptionofelectricalactivityandmayinvolvestructuralchangesinbraincells.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Rememberingaddressbelongsto（

）.

3.Theexperimentsoftwogroups（

）.

4.Ifratscooledto5℃for15minutesimmediately,whatwillhappenafterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirnormaltemperature?

5.Electricalimpulsesaffect（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thedifferencebetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.

B.Theexperimentoftwogroupsofrats.

C.Thetemperatureforratstolosetheirmemory.

D.Theimportanceofmemory.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.short-termmemory

B.long-termmemory

C.bothAandB

D.neitherAorB

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.temperatureaffectsrats’memory

B.therelationshipbetweentemperatureandmemoryisveryclear

C.thereisdistinctionbetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory

D.ratscanrelearnthetaskafterforgettingit

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavenodifficultincrossingthesamemaze.

B.Theylosetheirwayinthemaze..

C.Theycanrememberthewaycorrectly.

D.Theygothroughthemazeafterseveraltrying.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.long-termmemory

B.short-termmemory

C.structuralchanges

D.braincells

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章主要介紹了關(guān)于短期記憶和長(zhǎng)期記憶的區(qū)別的科學(xué)假設(shè)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第一段指出記電話號(hào)碼是短期記憶，所以記地址也是短期記憶，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章最后一段第一句話itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory明確提出實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了短期記憶與長(zhǎng)期記憶是不同的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章第三段提到第二組老鼠的體溫被立即降到5攝氏度，結(jié)果是它們沒(méi)有成功走過(guò)迷宮。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章最后一段Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory提到短跑受電流脈沖的影響，所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Businessinthisareahasbeen（）becausepricesaretoohigh.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosperous

B.secretive

C.slack

D.shrill

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prosperous“繁榮的，興旺的”；B選項(xiàng)secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；C選項(xiàng)slack“松弛的，蕭條的”；D選項(xiàng)shrill“尖銳的，刺耳的”。句意：由于價(jià)格太高，這個(gè)地區(qū)的生意（）。本句表達(dá)的意思是“價(jià)格太高，所以這里的生意很蕭條”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

ThatLouiseNevelsonisbelievedbymanycriticstobethegreatesttwentieth-centurysculptorisallthemoreremarkablebecausethegreatestresistancetowomenartistshasbeen,untilrecently,inthefieldofsculpture.SinceNeolithictimes,sculpturehasbeenconsideredtheprerogativeofmen,partly,perhaps,forpurelyphysicalreasons;itwaserroneouslyassumedthatwomenwerenotsuitedforthehardmanuallaborrequiredinsculptingstone,carvingwood,orworkinginmetal.Ithasbeenonlyduringthetwentiethcenturythatwomensculptorshavebeenrecognizedasmajorartists,andithasbeenintheUnitedStates,especiallysincethedecadesofthefiftiesandsixties,thatwomensculptorshaveshownthegreatestoriginalityandcreativepower.TheirrisetoprominenceparallelsthedevelopmentofsculptureitselfintheUnitedStates;whiletherehadbeenafewtalentedsculptorsintheUnitedStatesbeforethe1940,itwasonlyafter1945——whenNewYorkwasrapidlybecomingtheartcapitaloftheworld——thatmajorsculpturewasproducedintheUnitedStates.Someofthebestwastheworkofwomen.

ByfarthemostoutstandingofthesewomenisLouiseNevelson,whointheeyesofmanycriticsisthemostoriginalfemaleartistalivetoday.Onefamousandinfluentialcritic,HiltonKramer,saidofherwork.“Formyself,IthinkMs.Nevelsonsucceedswherethepaintersoftenfail.”

HerworkshavebeencomparedtotheCubistconstructionsofPicasso,theSurrealisticobjectsofMiro,andtheMerzbauofSchwitters.Nevelsonwouldbethefirsttoadmitthatshehasbeeninfluencedbyallofthese,aswellasbyAfricansculpture,andbyNativeAmericanandpre-Columbianart,butshehasabsorbedalltheseinfluencesandstillcreatedadistinctiveartthatexpressestheurbanlandscapeandtheaestheticsensibilityofthetwentiethcentury.Nevelsonsays,“Ihavealwayswantedtoshowtheworldthatartiseverywhere,exceptthatithastopassthroughacreativemind.”

Usingmostlydiscardedwoodenobjectslikepackingcrates,brokenpiecesoffurniture,andabandonedarchitecturalornaments,allofwhichshehashoardedforyears,sheassemblesarchitecturalconstructionsofgreatbeautyandpower.Creatingveryfreelywithnosketches,shegluesandnailsobjectstogether,paintsthemblack,ormorerarelywhiteorgold,andplacestheminboxes.Theseassemblages,walls,evenentireenvironmentscreateamysterious,almostawe-inspiringatmosphere.Althoughshehasdeniedanysymbolicorreligiousintentinherworks,theirthree-dimensionalgrandeurandeventheirtitles,suchasSkyCathedralandNightCathedral,suggestsuchconnotations.Insomeways,hermostambitiousworksareclosertoarchitecturethantotraditionalsculpture,blitthenneitherLouiseNevelsonnorherartfitsintoanyneatcategory.

1.Thepassagefocusesprimarilyonwhichofthefollowing?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbyinformationgiveninthepassage?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieveswhichofthefollowingaboutNevelson’ssculptures?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutNevelson’ssculpturescanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ageneraltendencyintwentieth-centuryart

B.Theworkofaparticularartist

C.Theartisticinfluencesonwomensculptors

D.Criticalresponsestotwentieth-centurysculpture

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Priorto1945therewaslittlemajorsculptureproducedbymenorwomensculptorsworkingintheUnitedStates.

B.Since1950sculptureproducedintheUnitedStateshasbeenthemostoriginalandcreativesculptureproducedanywhere.

C.From1900to1950womensculptorsinEuropeenjoyedmorerecognitionfortheirworkthandidwomensculptorsintheUnitedStates.

D.Priorto1945thereweremanywomensculptorswhoseworkwasignoredbycritics.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshowtheinfluenceoftwentieth-centuryarchitecture.

B.Theydonothavequalitiescharacteristicofsculpture

C.Theyaremysteriousandawe-inspiring,butnotbeautiful.

D.Theysuggestreligiousandsymbolicmeanings.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyaremeantfordisplayoutdoors.

B.Theyareoftenpaintedinseveralcolors.

C.Theyaresometimesverylarge.

D.Theyarebuiltaroundacentralwoodenobject.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由第一段中第一句“ThatLouiseNevelsonisbelievedbymanycriticstobethegreatesttwentieth-centurysculptorisallthemoreremarkablebecausethegreatestresistancetowomenartistshasbeen,untilrecently,inthefieldofsculpture.”提出“路易絲?奈維爾森(LouiseNevelson)被許多評(píng)論家認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最偉大的女雕刻家”及隨后段落講述“路易絲?奈維爾森的藝術(shù)作品特點(diǎn)，評(píng)論家對(duì)她的評(píng)論等”可知本文主要講一個(gè)特殊的藝術(shù)家的作品。B項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)“二十世紀(jì)藝術(shù)的普遍趨勢(shì)”；C項(xiàng)“對(duì)女性雕塑家的藝術(shù)影響”；D項(xiàng)“對(duì)二十世紀(jì)雕塑的批判回應(yīng)”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位第一段中“...whiletherehadbeenafewtalentedsculptorsinthe

UnitedStatesbeforethe1940,itwasonlyafter1945——whenNewYorkwasrapidlybecomingtheartcapitaloftheworld—thatmajorsculpturewasproducedintheUnitedStates.Someofthebestwastheworkofwomen.盡管1940年前美國(guó)只有很少的有才華的雕刻家，直到1945年,當(dāng)紐約迅速成為世界藝術(shù)之都——主要的雕塑是在美國(guó)生產(chǎn)的。其中最好的一些是女性的作品?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“在1945年之前，美國(guó)很少有由男性或女性雕塑家創(chuàng)作的大型雕塑作品?！闭_。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位最后一段中“Althoughshehasdeniedanysymbolicorreligiousintentinherworks,theirthree-dimensionalgrandeurandeventheirtitles,suchasSkyCathedralandNightCathedral,suggestsuchconnotations.盡管她否認(rèn)自己的作品中具有任何象征性的或宗教的意圖，但她作品的三維立體的恢宏氣勢(shì)以及它們的標(biāo)題，如《天庭大教堂》以及《黑夜大教堂》等都暗示了如此的含義?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)“它們暗示著宗教和象征意義”正確。答案D。

4.判斷推理題由Creatingveryfreelywithnosketches,shegluesandnailsobjectstogether,paintsthemblack,ormorerarelywhiteorgold,andplacestheminboxes.她非常自由地創(chuàng)作，沒(méi)有素描，她把物體粘在一起，釘在一起，把它們涂成黑色，或者很少涂成白色或金色，然后把它們放在盒子里?！笨赏浦狝項(xiàng)“它們是用來(lái)在戶外展示的?！奔癇項(xiàng)“它們經(jīng)常被漆成幾種顏色”不正確；D項(xiàng)“它們經(jīng)常圍繞一個(gè)中心的木制物體而被建造”在文中沒(méi)有提到；由最后一段中“Theseassemblages,walls,evenentireenvironmentscreateamysterious,almostawe-inspiringatmosphere.這些裝配藝術(shù)品、墻操，甚至整個(gè)的環(huán)境藝術(shù)品營(yíng)造出一種神秘的、幾乎是引人恐懼的氛圍?！笨赏浦奥芬捉z?奈維爾森(LouiseNevelson)的一些作品有時(shí)是非常大的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Athirdofbreadscontainmoresaltthanrecommendedunderguidelinesbeingintroducednextyear,asurveyfound.

Mostbreadswerewithinthecurrentguidelinesofl.lgofsaltper100g-butthisisbeingcuttolgperl00g.CampaignforActiononSaltandHealth(CASH),whichlookedat300breads,saiditwas“outrageous”thatbreadcontainedeventhecurrentlevel.TheDepartmentofHealthsaid’’considerable"saltreductionshadalreadybeenmade.Manufacturerssaidmanyloaveswiththelowestsaltlevelsweresupermarketbrands,whichwerethemostpopular.Eatingtoomuchsaltislinkedtohighbloodpressure,whichinturnincreasestheriskofdevelopingheartdisease.

Recommendeddietarysaltlevelsvarywithage.Adultsaremeanttohavenomorethan6gofsaltintheirdietperday,whiletoddlersshouldhavenomorethan2g.

Saltlevelsinbreadhavefallenbyaboutathirdoverthepastdecade,withsomefallingbyupto40%.ButCASHsayslevelsarestilltoohigh,andwarnsthereiswidevariationintheamountfoundinloaves.Mostarewithinhalfagramofthecurrenttargetofl.lgofsaltperl00gofbreadabouttwohickslices.ButCASHfoundsomesignificantlyexceededit.CASHsaysconsumersshouldlookatnutritionlabels,wherepossible,toseehowmuchsaltbreadcontains.Butitwarnsfreshbreads,fromin-storeorhigh-streetbakerieshavenonutritionallabeling,meaningpeoplecannottellhowmuchsalttheycontain.Anditsaidbakerybreadsoftenhadhigherlevelsthantheirpackagedproducts.

CASHchairmanProf.GrahamMacGregor,oftheWolfsonInstituteofPreventativeMedicine,said:"Itisfranklyoutrageousthatbreadstillcontainssomuchsalt.TheDepartmentofHealthneedstoensurethatallbreadisclearlylabeledandthatallmanufacturersreducethesaltofbreadtolessthatthesalttargetoflgperl00g.Itistheveryhighlevelsofsaltthatishiddenineverydayfood,suchasbread,thatputsupbothadults'andchildren'sbloodpressure.“VictoriaTaylor,seniordietitianattheBritishHeartFoundation,said:"Weknowtoomanypeopleareeatingtoomuchsalteachday.Somemanufacturersareworkingtowardstargetsforsaltreduction,butweneedmoreactiontocutthesaltcontentinbreadandmakesuretheyprovidecolour-codedfoodlabelstohelptheircustomers."ButFederationofBakersdirectorGordonPolsonsaid:"Themajorityofwrappedslicedbreadavailablealreadymeetsthe2012targetsandourmembersarecontinuingtoendeavourtoreducesaltbycontributingtoongoingresearchtoestablishwhichothermeansareavailabletoreducesaltinbread.ThevastmajorityofbreadssingledoutintheCASHreportashigherinsaltarenotthemainstreamproductsproducedbyourmembers;whichdoproducearound80%ofthenation'sbreadina￡3bnindustry.n

ADepartmentofHealthspokesmansaidthegovernmentwelcomedthe’’considerable"saltreductionsthatbreadmakershadalreadymade,anditwas"verypleasing"thataround60%oftheproductsmetsalttargetsfor2012."Thisisanimportantstepinhelpingtoreducesaltintake,aswellasloweringtheriskofhighbloodpressureandresultingstrokesandheartdisease.Welookforwardtoseeingfurtherreductionsasmorecompaniesmeetthetargets,”headded.

BritishRetailConsortiumfooddirectorAndrewOpiesaidretailersandmanufacturersaretofondindependentresearchtolookforwaysofmeetingthe2012target-"whilestillmakingfoodswhichconsumerswanttobuy”.

1.What’sGordonPolson’sattitudetowardthemajorityofwrapped,slicedbreadavailable?

2.AccordingtoCASH,thecurrentsaltlevelsofbreadare（

）.

3.CASHsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

5.Whataretheharmfuleffectsoftoomuchsaltaccordingto