考研考博-英語-塔里木大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-塔里木大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

ItoldmyfriendGrahamthatIoftencyclethetwomilesfrommyhousetothetowncentreblitunfortunatelythereisabighillontheroute.Hereplied,“Youmeanfortunately.”HeexplainedthatIshouldbegladoftheextraexercisethatthehillprovided.

Myattitudetothehillhasnowchanged.Iusedto(1)asIapproacheditbutnowItellmyselfthefollowing.Thishillwillexercisemyheartandlungs.Itwillhelpmetolose(2)andgetfit.ItwillmeanthatIlivelonger.Thishillismyfriend.FinallyasIwindmywayuptheincline,I(3)myselfwiththethoughtofallthosesillypeoplewhopaymoneytogotoagymandsitonstationeryexercisebicycleswhenIcangetthesamevaluefor(4).IhaveasmileofsatisfactionasIreachthetopofthehill.

Problems(5)befacedandovercome.Wecannotachieveanythingwithaneasylife.HelenKellerwasthefirstdeafandblindpersontogainauniversitydegree.Heractivismandwritingprovedinspirational.Shewrote,“(6)cannotbedevelopedineaseandquiet.Onlythroughexperiencesoftrialandsufferingcanthesoulbestrengthened,visioncleared,ambitioninspiredandsuccessachieved.”

Oneofthemain(7)ofsuccessinlifeisourattitudetowardsadversity.Fromtimetotime,weallfacehardships,problems,accidents,afflictionsanddifficulties.Someareofour(8)butmanyconfrontusthroughnofaultofourown.Whilewecannotchoosetheadversitywecanchooseourattitudetowardsit.

Howcanyouchangeyourattitudetowardstheadversitythatyouface?Trythesesteps:Confronttheproblem.Donotavoidit.Deliberatelytakea(9)attitudeandwritedownsomebenefitsoradvantagesofthesituation.Visualizehowyouwillfeelwhenyouovercomethisobstacle.Developanactionplanforhowtotackleit.Smileandgetcracking.

Thebiographiesofgreatpeoplearelitteredwithexamplesofhowtheytookthesekindsofstepstoovercomethedifficultiestheyfaced.Thecommonthreadisthattheydidnotbecomedefeatistordepressed.Theychosetheirattitude.They(10)tobepositive.

Theytookonthechallenge.Theywon.

問題1選項

A.grumble

B.fear

C.giveup

D.stop

問題2選項

A.temper

B.control

C.weight

D.sight

問題3選項

A.provide

B.converse

C.deal

D.console

問題4選項

A.good

B.free

C.ever

D.return

問題5選項

A.arethereto

B.whichcan

C.willnot

D.wehave

問題6選項

A.Education

B.Interest

C.Character

D.Friendship

問題7選項

A.causes

B.determinants

C.symptoms

D.components

問題8選項

A.making

B.doing

C.taking

D.thinking

問題9選項

A.special

B.strong

C.negative

D.positive

問題10選項

A.seemed

B.opted

C.had

D.used

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

【解析】1.動詞辨析。grumble抱怨,嘟囔;fear害怕,敬畏,為……擔(dān)心;giveup放棄,交出；stop停止,逗留。此處句意為:我對這座山的態(tài)度現(xiàn)在改變了,過去我看到它總是…。因此A符合句意。

2.名詞辨析。temper脾氣，(鋼等)回火，性情，傾向；control控制，管理；weight重量，體重，負(fù)擔(dān);sight視力，景象。And連接空格和getfit(變得健康),因此and前面很可能表示“減肥,減掉體重”,故選C。

3.動詞辨析。provide提供，供應(yīng)；converse交談，談話；deal處理，交易；console安慰，慰藉。此處表示“想起這些愚蠢的人去健身房的做法來安慰自己”。故選C。

4.短語辨析。Forgood永久地，一勞永逸地;forfree免費；ever永遠，曾經(jīng)；forever永遠，永恒地；forreturn作回報。這里句意為:自己能免費地得到同樣的價值,故選B。

5.語法題?？疾橐话銓頃r。句意:難題是用來被面對和克服的,順風(fēng)順?biāo)筒粫羞M步。因此要用一般將來時,排除B和D。C不符合句意。故選A。

6.名詞辨析。education教育，培養(yǎng)，教育學(xué)；interest興趣，利息；character性格，品質(zhì)，特性；角色friendship友誼，友愛，友善。空格后句意為提示信息:只有通過磨煉和受難的經(jīng)歷，人的心靈才能被強化,由此可知C符合句意。

7.名詞辨析。cause原因，事業(yè)，目標(biāo);determinant決定因素；symptom癥狀，征兆；component成分，組件。句意為:我們對待逆境的態(tài)度是生命中成功的主要決定因素之一,因此選B。

8.名詞辨析。making發(fā)展，制造，造成；doing做，不能接受，難以完成，事件；taking捕獲，收入；thinking思考，意見，見解。這里表示“一些問題是我們造成的”,因此A符合句意。

9.形容詞辨析。special特別的，專門的，專用的；strong堅強的，強壯的，牢固的；negative負(fù)的，消極的，否定的，陰性的；positive積極的，確定的?？崭袂熬湟鉃?你怎樣能改變自己對待所面臨的逆境的態(tài)度呢？可以嘗試這些步驟。所以此處表示“故意采取一種積極的態(tài)度”,故選D。

10.動詞辨析。選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。seem似乎，像是，裝作，seemto似乎，看起來;opt選擇，optto選擇;have有，從事，允許，haveto必須，不得不；use利用，耗費。這里應(yīng)表示“他們選擇積極地面對”,故選B。

2.單選題

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

問題1選項

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

問題2選項

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

問題3選項

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

問題4選項

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

問題5選項

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”兩種戲劇都使用音樂。最初，男性在能劇和歌舞伎劇中同時扮演男性和女性角色。選項A和C均正確，所以本題選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知選項A錯誤；選項B和C都是描述能劇的，所以只有選項D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項C和D是描述歌舞伎劇，首先排除；選項B在文中沒有提及；選項A符合原文，所以正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎劇清楚地展現(xiàn)了這些商人的品味和思想。選項B符合原文。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后幾句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知選項A和B都有提及，所以選項D正確。

3.單選題

Despite[A]itisboththelargestand[B]thenorthernmoststate[C]intheUnitedStates,Alaskahas[D]thesmallestpopulation.

問題1選項

A.itis

B.thenorthernmost

C.in

D.thesmallest

【答案】C

【解析】【答案】C

【考查點】介詞的用法。

【解題思路】當(dāng)表示地理位置關(guān)系時，in表示“在……里”；of表示“屬于……的”，內(nèi)含隸屬關(guān)系。阿拉斯加屬于美國的一個州，因此本題應(yīng)該將C項的介詞改為of。

【句意】盡管阿拉斯加是美國最大的州，也是美國最北的州，但它的人口卻是最少的。

4.單選題

TheannualPhiDeltaKappa/GalluppollofattitudestowardspubliceducationreleasedthisweekfoundthatamajorityofAmericansfeelitisimportanttoputa“qualified,competentteacherineveryclassroom”.BobChase,presidentoftheNationalEducationAssociation（NEA.,themainteachers’union,wastednotimeinpointingoutthatthiswillrequireraisingteachers’salariessothatmorequalifiedcandidateswillentertheprofessionandstaythere.AstudybytwoeconomistssuggeststhatthequalityofAmerica’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch.

ThepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformanceinstead,itisdeterminedbyarigidformulabasedonexperienceandyearsofschoolingfactorsmassivelyunimportantindecidinghowwellstudentsdo.Theuniformpayscaleinviteswhateconomistscalladverseselection.Sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity.Fordullards（笨蛋），theincentivesarejusttheopposite.Thedataarestriking:whentestscoresareusedasaproxy（代替物）forability,thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture.Cleverstudentsaretheleastlikelytochooseeducationasamajoratuniversity.

Amongstudentswhodomajorineducation,thosewithhighertestscoresarelesslikelytobecometeachers.Andamongindividualswhoenterteaching,thosewiththehighesttestscoresarethemostlikelytoleavetheprofessionearly.Thestudytakesintoconsiderationtheeffectsofanationwide20%realincreaseinteachersalariesduringthe1980s.Itconcludesthatithadnoappreciableeffectonoverallteacherquality,inlargepartbecauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers.Also,evenifhighersalariesluremorequalifiedcandidatesintotheprofession,theoveralleffectonqualitymaybeoffsetbymediocreteacherswhochoosetopostponeretirement.

Thestudyalsotakesaimatteachertraining.Everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed,aprocessthatcaninvolveuptotwoyearsofeducationclasses,evenforthosewhohaveauniversitydegreeoragraduatedegreeinthefieldtheywouldliketoteach.Inevitably,thissystemdoeslittletolureingraduatesoftopuniversitiesorprofessionalswhowouldliketoenterteachingatmid-career.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhycleverstudentsrefusetoentertheteachingprofessionisthat（）.

3.“Thedataarestriking:when...thebrightestindividualsshuntheteachingprofessionateveryjuncture”（inParagraph2）meansthat（）.

4.Increaseinteachersalariesdidnotturnoutsoeffectivemainlybecause（）.

5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項

A.NEAisthelargestsocietyforteachers.

B.ThepayofAmericanteachersisbasedontheirperformance.

C.SometeachersintheU.S.arenotqualifiedenough.

D.Howmuchtheteachersarepaidisthemostimportantfactor.

問題2選項

A.itofferslowpay.

B.theyhaveinterestinotherprofessions.

C.itdoesnotvalueproductivity

D.itusespoorrecruitingstrategies

問題3選項

A.studentsdoingwellinstudyarewillingtotaketeachingasacareer

B.studentsdoingwellinstudycan’tavoidchoosingteachingasacareer

C.studentsdoingwellinstudyarereluctanttobeteachers

D.studentsdoingwellinstudyarenotreluctanttobeteachers

問題4選項

A.schoolsdidapoorjobofchoosingteachers

B.mediocreteachersalwayspostponeretirement

C.thesalarieswerenotattractiveenough

D.teachersdidn’thaveequalopportunities

問題5選項

A.trainingisnecessaryforthosewhowanttobecomeagoodteacher

B.thosewhowanttobecometeachersintheU.S.havetobelicensed

C.manygraduatesoftopuniversitieswouldliketoenterteaching

D.thereisannualincreaseinteachersalariesintheU.S.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一段第二句話提到NEA,themainteacher’sunion，由此可知選項A的說法是錯誤的，可以排除；文章第二段第一句話thepayofAmericanpublicschoolteachersisnotbasedonanymeasureofperformance，由此可知選項B說法錯誤，可以排除；文章第一段最后一句話提到America’steachershasmoretodowithhowtheyarepaidratherthanhowmuch，由此可知選項D說法錯誤，可以排除。綜上，選項C符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第二段提到有才華的老師可能擅長其他領(lǐng)域的職業(yè)，所以他們有強烈的動機離開教育行業(yè)，轉(zhuǎn)而從事其他那些薪酬與生產(chǎn)效率掛鉤的工作（sincethemosttalentedteachersarealsolikelytobegoodatotherprofessions,theyhaveastrongincentivetoleaveeducationforjobsinwhichpayismorecloselylinkedtoproductivity），這也說明教育行業(yè)的薪酬與生產(chǎn)效率無關(guān)，所以那些聰明學(xué)生并不愿意套入教育領(lǐng)域，選項C符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。劃線句子的大意是那些最聰明的學(xué)生并不愿意踏入教育領(lǐng)域，選項C“那些學(xué)習(xí)成績好的學(xué)生不愿意成為教師”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到becauseschoolsdoapoorjobofrecruitingandselectingthebestteachers，因此選項A符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第一段提到everystaterequiresthatteachersbelicensed（每個州都要求老師有執(zhí)照），選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

TheGreyhound______outsideofNewYorkBusStationat6p.m.andstartedforWashingtonD.C.at6:20p.m.

問題1選項

A.pulledup

B.pulleddown

C.pulledout

D.pulledon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項pulledup“停下來”；B選項pulleddown“推翻”；C選項pulledout“推翻”；D選項pulledon“穿”。句意：灰狗巴士下午6點在紐約公交車站外停下，6點20分開往華盛頓特區(qū)。本句表示巴士停車。因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

Whathesaidinthemeeting（）everybodypresent.

問題1選項

A.repelled

B.dismissed

C.disposed

D.eliminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項repel“抵制，使厭惡”；B選項dismiss“解散，不予考慮”；C選項dispose“處理，處置”；D選項eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：他說的話令在場的所有人厭惡。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

7.單選題

Thesevariedracialgroupshavelearnedtolivetogetherinpeaceand（）,set-tinganexamplewellworthfollowing.

問題1選項

A.harmony

B.grace

C.rhythm

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。harmony和諧；grace優(yōu)雅，慈悲；rhythm韻律，節(jié)奏；relief寬慰，免除。句意：這些不同的種族群體已學(xué)會和平（）地生活在一起，樹立了值得學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣。inharmony意為“和諧地”，因此正確答案是A選項。

8.單選題

（

）hetriedtounderstandShakespeare’stragedies,hefailedallthesame.

問題1選項

A.Hardas

B.Ashard

C.Hardalthough

D.Thoughhard

【答案】A

【解析】考查as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。句意：雖然他盡力去理解莎士比亞的悲劇作品，但是卻仍然失敗了。選項A符合題意。

9.翻譯題

在網(wǎng)上購物尚未走俏的時候，在空調(diào)、個人計算機、視頻游戲、英特網(wǎng)、手機、克隆技術(shù)、基因工程，以及其他一堆使這個人造世界越發(fā)誘人的發(fā)明出現(xiàn)之前，有人就表現(xiàn)出了憂慮。人造世界是為我們而建造的。它用美味佳肴供我們充饑，用精神糧食滋養(yǎng)我們的心靈。它給我們提供庇護，不受疾患和不適的侵害。它告知天下我們是如何聰穎；它滿足了我們的虛榮，蜷縮在由鋼鐵和混凝土，硅以及塑料構(gòu)筑的泡沫世界里，我們可以假裝在駕馭這個星球。

與之形成鮮明對照的是，自然世界的產(chǎn)生不是為了我們的舒適和方便。它在數(shù)十億年前就存在了，而人類的誕生則是在數(shù)十億年之后的事，但自然界的壽命卻要比人類更長久。自然界嘲笑我們的虛榮，因為它超越了我們對它的理解和控制。

【答案】【參考譯文】Somepeoplevoicedtheseworriesbeforethetriumphofonlineshoppingandbeforetheadventofair-conditioning,personalcomputers,videogames,theInternet,cellphones,cloningtechnology,geneticengineeringandaslewofotherinventionsthathavemadetheartificialworldevermoreseductive.Theartificialworldismadeforus.Itfeedsourbelliesandmindswithtastypabulum;itsheltersusfromdiscomfortandsickness;itproclaimsouringenuity;itflattersourpride.Snuginsidebubblesfashionedfromconcreteandsteel,fromsiliconandplasticandwords,wecanpretendwearerunningtheplanet.

Bycontrast,thenaturalworldwasnotmadeforourcomfortorconvenience.Itprecedesusbysomebillionsofyears,andhumanbeingcomesintobeingbillionsofyearslater,butthenaturalworldwilloutlastus;itmocksourpride,becauseitsurpassesourunderstandingandcontrol.

10.單選題

Theacceptedcriteriaofadequatediethavebeenchallengedbynewdiscoveriesinnutrition.

問題1選項

A.formations

B.components

C.standards

D.ingredients

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。criteria“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，條件”；A選項formation“形成；組成，（軍）隊形”；B選項component“成分；組件”；C選項standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；水準(zhǔn)”；D選項ingredient“原料；要素；組成部分”。句意：公認(rèn)的充足飲食的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)受到營養(yǎng)學(xué)上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)的挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)句中“adequatediet適當(dāng)飲食”與“nutrition營養(yǎng)學(xué)”可知criteria在這里的意思為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此C選項正確。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

上學(xué)是一個特定的形式化了的過程。在不同場合下，它的基本形式大同小異。在全國各地，孩子們幾乎在同一時刻到達學(xué)校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人傳授知識，使用大致相同的教材，做作業(yè)，考試等等。他們所學(xué)的現(xiàn)實生活中的一些片斷，如字母表或政府的運作，往往受到科目范圍的限制。

【答案】Schoolingisaspecific,formalizedprocess,whosebasicformvariesondifferentoccasions.Alloverthecountry,childrenarriveatschoolatalmostthesametime,takedesignatedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,useapproximatelysametextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Someslicesoflifeinrealitytobelearnedbythem,suchasthealphabetortheworkingsofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbythescopesofthesubjectstobetaught.

12.單選題

Thelifestoryofthehumanspeciesgoesbackamillionyears,andthereisnodoubtthatmancameonlyrecentlytothewesternhemisphere.Noneofthethousandsofsitesofaboriginalhabitationuncoveredin-WorthandSouthAmericahasantiquitycomparabletothatofoldWorldsites.Man'soccupationoftheNewWorldmaydateseveraltensofthousandsofyears,butnoonerationallyarguesthathehasbeenhereeven100,000years.

SpeculationastohowmanfoundhiswaytoAmericawaslivelyattheoutset,andtheproposedroutesboxedthecompass.Withoneortwonotableexceptions,however,studentsofAmericananthropologysoonsettledfortheplausibleideathatthefirstimmigrantscamebywayofalandbridgethathadconnectedthenortheastcomerofAsiatothenorthwestcomerofNorthAmericaacrosstheBeringStrait)Marinerswereabletosupplythereassuringinformationthatthestraitisnotonlynarrowitis56mileswide-butalsoshallow,aloweringofthesealevelthereby100feetorsowouldtransformthestraitintoanisthmus(地峽).WithlittleeelsinthewayofevidencetosustaintheBeringStraitlandbridge,anthropologistsembracedtheideathatmanwalkeddry-hoedfromAsiatoAmerica.

Towardtheendofthy/lastcentury,however,itbecameapparentthattheWesternHemispherewastheNewWorldnotonlyformanbutalsoforahostofanimalsandplants.ZoologistsandbotanistsshowedthatnumeroussubjectsoftheirrespectivekingdomsmusthaveoriginatedinAsiaandspreadtoAmerica.Thesefindingswereneitherastonishingnorwhollyunexpected.Suchspreadofpopulationsisnottobeenvisionedasanexodusormassmigration,eveninthecaseofanimals.Itis,rather,aspillingintonewterritorythataccompaniesincreaseinnumbers,withmovementinthedirectionofleastpopulationpressureandmostfavorableecologicalconditions.Buttheimmensetrafficinplantandanimal’sformsplacedaheavyburdenontheBeringStraitlandbridgeastheanthropologistsaheadenvisionedit.Whereaspurposefulmencouldmaketheirwayacrossanarrowbridge,theslowdiffusionofplantandanimalswouldrequireanavenueasacontinentandavailableforagesatastretch.

1.ThemovementofplantsandanimalsfromAsiatoAmericaindicates（）.

2.Theauthorisrefutingthenotionthat（）.

3.Byusingthewords“boxedthecompass”(inLine7)theauthorimpliesthat（）.

4.Onereasonforthemigrationnotmentionedbytheauthoris（）.

5.Wemayassumethatintileparagraphthatfollowsthispassagetheauthorarguesabout（）.

問題1選項

A.thattheycouldnothavetraveledacrosstheBeringStrait

B.thatAsiaandtheWesternhemispherewereconnectedbyalargelandmass

C.thattheBeringSeawasanisthmusatonetime

D.thatmigrationwasintheonedirectiononly

問題2選項

A.lifearoseinAmericaindependentlyoflifeinEurope

B.thefirstsettlersinAmericacameduringthesixteenthcentury

C.alargecontinentonceexistedwhichhasdisappeared

D.manwasahosttoanimalsandplants

問題3選項

A.themigrationofmankindwasfromWesttoEast

B.themigrationofmankindwasfromEasttoWest

C.mankindtraveledinalldirections

D.mankindwalkedfromAsiatoAmerica

問題4選項

A.overcrowding

B.favorableenvironmentalconditions

C.famine

D.theexistenceofalandbridge

問題5選項

A.thecontributionsofanthropologist

B.thecontributionsofzoologistsandbotanists

C.thecontributionsmadebytheAmericanIndians

D.theexistenceofalargelandmassbetweenAsiaandNorthAmerica

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“thefirstimmigrantscamebywayofalandbridgethathadconnectedthenortheastcomerofAsiatothenorthwestcomerofNorthAmericaacrosstheBeringStrait.Marinerswereabletosupplythereassuringinformationthatthestraitisnotonlynarrowitis56mileswide-butalsoshallow,aloweringofthesealevelthereby100feetorsowouldtransformthestraitintoanisthmus(地峽).”，可知第一批移民者通過一座橋連接亞洲東北角和穿過白令海峽的北美西北角的大陸橋來到美國，水手能夠提供可靠的信息，不僅是狹窄的海峽56英里寬,但也淺，那里的海平面下降100英尺左右，就會把海峽變成地峽?？膳袛喑鰟又参飶膩喼薜矫乐薜倪w徙表明亞洲和西半球由一大片陸地連接起來。選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通過一座橋連接亞洲東北角和穿過白令海峽的北美西北角的大陸橋來到美國，亞洲和西半球由一大片陸地連接起來的，所以作者駁斥了曾經(jīng)存在過的一個大陸已經(jīng)消失了的觀點。選項C符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“SpeculationastohowmanfoundhiswaytoAmericawaslivelyattheoutset,andtheproposedroutesboxedthecompass.”，可知關(guān)于人類是如何找到去美國的路的猜測一開始就很活躍，所提議的路線四通八達。下文提到第一批移民者通過一座橋連接亞洲東北角和穿過白令海峽的北美西北角的大陸橋來到美國，可判斷出人類在四面八方旅行。選項C符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“aspillingintonewterritorythataccompaniesincreaseinnumbers,withmovementinthedirectionofleastpopulationpressureandmostfavorableecologicalconditions.”，可知向人口壓力最小、生態(tài)條件最有利的方向流動，并伴隨著數(shù)量的增加而涌入新的領(lǐng)地?？膳袛喑鋈丝诿芏群铜h(huán)境都是作者提到的遷徙的原因。選項A和B可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段，可知第一批移民者通過一座橋連接亞洲東北角和穿過白令海峽的北美西北角的大陸橋來到美國，所以有大陸橋的存在，選項D可排除。饑荒在文中并未提及，選項C符合題意。

5.推斷題。文章主要提到了第一批移民是通過大陸橋到達美國的，說明了大陸橋的存在，大陸橋最后延伸成為一片大陸，證明亞洲和西半球是由一片大陸連接的。根據(jù)文章最后一句，“Whereaspurposefulmencouldmaketheirwayacrossanarrowbridge,theslowdiffusionofplantandanimalswouldrequireanavenueasacontinentandavailableforagesatastretch.”，可知植物和動物的緩慢擴散和遷徙則需要一條作為大陸的大道，而且可以長時間使用?？膳袛喑鲎髡咴谙挛目赡転橛懻摰皆趤喼藓捅泵乐g大陸的存在。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Wagesforworkerinthepublic（

）

oftheeconomydon’talwayskeepupwiththose

forworkerintheprivateone.

問題1選項

A.branch

B.sector

C.portion

D.section

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Branch“分支”；sector“部門”；portion“部分”；section“部門”。句意：公有制企業(yè)中的工人的工資并不是總能趕上私有制企業(yè)工人的工資。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

IadmitIhavemadeamistake,______Idenytheseriousconsequenceitmayhave.

問題1選項

A.so

B.sowill

C.norwill

D.howcan

【答案】C

【解析】考查admit和deny互為反義詞，admit=notdeny，且nor；hardly；innoway；little；scarcely；seldom；never；nomore；nolonger；not；notonly；nosooner；Notonly...butalso；notuntil...等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。即是把Inorwilldeny倒裝為norwillIdeny。句意：我承認(rèn)我犯了錯誤，也不否認(rèn)它可能造成的嚴(yán)重后果。因此C選項正確。

15.單選題

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessestheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients’rightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionhashadsomedefinitepositiveeffect,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

21.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarepatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbedescribedas______.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,iftheCivilRightsmovementhadn’tpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,______.

24.Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas______.

25.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof______.

問題1選項

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

問題2選項

A.inflexibleandinsensitive

B.detachedandneutral

C.understandingandsympathetic

D.enthusiasticandsupportive

問題3選項

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

問題4選項

A.overlyemotional

B.cleverlydeceptive

C.cautiouslyoptimistic

D.fiercelyindependent

問題5選項

A.asgroupso