考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東外事職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東外事職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管大多數(shù)鳥(niǎo)幾乎沒(méi)什么嗅覺(jué)，但它們的視力卻很敏銳。

考查形容詞辨析。vigorous精力充沛的;exact準(zhǔn)確的，精確的；acute嚴(yán)重的，敏銳的；vivid生動(dòng)的，鮮明的。根據(jù)前半句句意“盡管大多數(shù)鳥(niǎo)幾乎沒(méi)什么嗅覺(jué)”可知這里在對(duì)比鳥(niǎo)的嗅覺(jué)跟視覺(jué)，故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Priortothepurchaseoftheflat,thecouplewantedtomakesurethattheywouldhavecompatibleneighbors.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmonious

B.energetic

C.capable

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)harmonious“和諧的”；B選項(xiàng)energetic“精力充沛的”；C選項(xiàng)capable“有能力的”；D選項(xiàng)harsh“嚴(yán)厲的”。句意：在購(gòu)買這套公寓之前，這對(duì)夫婦想要確保他們有能和諧相處的鄰居。劃線部分compatible是和諧相處的意思。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofman(anthropology)whichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions—forthesethingscanbescientificallystudiedjustlikeanythingelse.Everybodyisastore-houseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations,anditistheywhocarryonfaithfullythecustomsoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Everyonehasheardstoriesofghosts,witches,fairies,andgiants.Weallknowsomeproverbsandhavecomeacrosssuchideasas,forexample,thatitisluckytoseeablackcatandunluckytoseeasinglemagpie.Wekeepcertainseasonsoftheyearasfestivals,suchasChristmas,andwearefamiliarwiththespecialcustomsconnectedwithweddingsandfunerals.ItwouldbehardtofindanybodywhohadnotplayedgamessuchasBlindMan’sBuff.Allsuchthingsareofinteresttothosewhostudyfolklore.

Peoplewhoarestudyingfolkloreputoutoftheirmindstheinclinationtocriticizeassilly,childish,orold-fashioned,theoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacross.Theyfirstofalltrytocollectaccuraterecordsofthem,thenseehowtheseareconnectedwithotherideasandcustomsofotherplacesortimes.Bycomparisonwithwhatisknownofoldtimesorthefolkloreofothercountries,theyendeavortodiscoverhowcertainbeliefsandpracticescameintobeing,andwhatpurposetheyservenoworusedtoserveinthepast.

Oftenwefindthatthebeliefswhichseemmostpeculiarandunreasonable,andthecustomswhichappearleastpractical,areofthegreatestinterestandimportancebecausetheyarecommonlytheoldest.Sometimestheywerepartofanancientritualorservedausefulpurposewhenpeople’swayoflifewasdifferentfromwhatitisnow.Sowenotonlylearnaboutwhatpeoplethoughtanddidinthepastbutarebetterabletounderstandpresentcustoms.Peopleoftenkeepupcustomswhentheyhaveforgottentheoriginalreasonforthem,andinthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom.Thus,whensomejokertiesanoldshoetothebackofthetaxitakingthebrideandbridegroomtostationfortheirhoneymoon,hewouldsayitwas"forluck,"butactuallyashoeisanoldfertilitysymbolandhasaplaceintheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestine.

1.Whichofthefollowingaccordingtothewriter,canbemostusefultopeoplewhostudyfolklore?

2.Howdopeopleusuallypassonoldideasandsuperstitions?

3.Whichofthefollowingartpeoplewhostudyfolkloremostunlikelytodo?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonwhypeoplestudyfolklore?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutcustoms?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Anoldfarmerwhosefamilyhasbeenlivinginthecountryforgenerations

B.Aprofessorofmedicineatauniversity.

C.Acarpenterwhohasbeeninthetradeforyears.

D.Alittlegirlwhohasjuststartedtogotoschool.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Bypuffingtheminalargestore-house

B.Bywritingthemdowninbooks

C.Bywordofmouth

D.Byplayinggames

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Collectingrecordsofoldbeliefsandpractices.

B.Comparingthepresentcustomswiththoseofoldtimes.

C.Findingoutthepurposecertainbeliefsandpracticesserveorusedtoserve.

D.Criticizingtheoldbeliefsandsuperstitions.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitisascience.

B.Becausetheywanttobetterunderstandpresentcustoms.

C.Becausetheywanttofurtherdeveloptheoldbeliefsandcustoms.

D.Becausetheywanttoshowhowold-fashionedandsillytheoldbeliefsandpracticesare.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thecustomswhichappearunpracticalareworthlesstopeoplewhostudyfolklore.

B.Thereasonsforcertaincustomsmaychangeinthecourseofhistory.

C.Presentcustomshavenothingtodowiththoseofoldtimes.

D.TheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestineareverysimilar.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。第一段指出:Everybodyisastore-houseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations,anditistheywhocarryonfaithfullythecustomsoftheirparentsandgrandparents(每個(gè)人都是民間傳說(shuō)的儲(chǔ)藏室，盡管不是每個(gè)人都意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。事實(shí)上，受過(guò)最少書本教育的人往往最堅(jiān)定地相信世代相傳的舊思想和迷信，而這些都是世世代代以口頭的方式流傳下來(lái)的、正是這些人，忠實(shí)地傳承著那些從祖輩那兒流傳下來(lái)的風(fēng)俗)。由此推測(cè)，A項(xiàng)“世代生活在農(nóng)村的老農(nóng)”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞oldideasandsuperstitions定位至第一段第三句:oldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations(這些舊思想和迷信說(shuō)法都是世世代代以口頭的方式流傳下來(lái)的)。因此C項(xiàng)“以口頭方式流傳”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Peoplewhoarestudyingfolkloreputoutoftheirmindstheinclinationtocriticizeassilly,childish,orold-fashioned,theoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacross(那些研究民俗學(xué)的人沒(méi)有誰(shuí)會(huì)傻乎乎地、幼稚地或者守舊地去批判那些無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)的古老的信仰和習(xí)俗)。因此，D項(xiàng)“批判古老的信仰與迷信”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出了人們研究民俗學(xué)的原因:Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofman(anthropology)whichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions—forthesethingscanbescientificallystudiedjustlikeanythingelse(民俗學(xué)是人類學(xué)的一個(gè)分支，它涉及研究地方習(xí)俗、傳說(shuō)以及傳統(tǒng)，因?yàn)檫@些東西像其他任何東西一樣具有研究的科學(xué)價(jià)值)。故選A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗彩且婚T科學(xué)”。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:似乎不切實(shí)際的風(fēng)俗對(duì)于研究民俗學(xué)毫無(wú)價(jià)值。B:某些風(fēng)俗的原因在歷史的長(zhǎng)河中會(huì)發(fā)生改變。C:現(xiàn)有的風(fēng)俗與舊時(shí)風(fēng)俗沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系。D:中國(guó)和巴勒斯坦的婚禮習(xí)俗非常相似。最后一段第四句指出:inthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom(隨著時(shí)間的推移，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣被賦予了新內(nèi)涵)。因此B項(xiàng)正確。其余三項(xiàng)均與原文不符。

4.單選題

Whilethecompanyportrayeditsactionsinthedevastatedcityaspurely______itcouldnotshakeaccusationsofselfishnessandopportunism.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquisitive

B.penurious

C.apropos

D.altruistic

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.acquisitive渴求獲取財(cái)物的，貪婪的B.penurious貧窮的，窮困的

C.apropos恰好的，恰當(dāng)?shù)腄.altruistic利他的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句意“不能擺脫自私和機(jī)會(huì)主義的指責(zé)”可知，該公司的行為并不是像其宣稱的“純粹的利他主義”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】雖然該公司將其在這座被摧毀的城市的行為描述為純粹的利他主義，但它無(wú)法擺脫自私和機(jī)會(huì)主義的指責(zé)。

5.單選題

Englandisexperiencingitshardestwinterforyears,someareas______undersixfeetfornearlytwomonths.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.werelying

B.werelaid

C.havinglaid

D.havinglain

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.werelying在撒謊，正處于B.werelaid被覆蓋，被放置

C.havinglaid覆蓋，放置D.havinglain躺下，處于

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子前半句意思“英格蘭正在經(jīng)歷多年來(lái)最艱難的冬天”，可知，someareas（一些地區(qū)）是被大雪覆蓋了，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；而表示“覆蓋”要用lay，所以werelaid正確。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)都表述主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除。

【句意】英格蘭正在經(jīng)歷多年來(lái)最艱難的冬天，一些地區(qū)被埋在6英尺大雪下近兩個(gè)月。

6.單選題

Yourlatestprojecthaslittle（

）ofsuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prediction

B.prophecy

C.prospect

D.preview

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prediction意為“預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)”；prophecy意為“語(yǔ)言”；prospect意為“可能性，希望，前景”；preview意為“試映，預(yù)演”。

句意：你最近的項(xiàng)目幾乎沒(méi)有成功的希望。

7.單選題

Iftheheavyrainhad（）anextremehightide，seriousfloodingwouldhaveresulted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.happenedto

B.occurredto

C.coincidedwith

D.turnedout

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。happenedto“碰巧”；occurredto“想起”；coincidedwith“與……相一致”；turnedout“結(jié)果是”。句意：如果大魚正好逢上極端高潮，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的洪水。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

TheexhibitionattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyCenter（

）suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.detects

B.exploits

C.features

D.survive

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。detect察覺(jué)，發(fā)現(xiàn)；exploit利用，開(kāi)發(fā)；feature以...為特色；survive幸存，生還。句意：在上海科技中心舉辦的展覽以大熊貓和東北虎等瀕危動(dòng)物為特色，并且描述了保護(hù)它們所做的工作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Thefilmwasgiventheabsent（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.treatment

B.board

C.applause

D.comment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)treatment“治療，療法，處理，對(duì)待”；B選項(xiàng)board“董事會(huì)，木板，甲板，膳食”；C選項(xiàng)applause“歡呼，喝彩，鼓掌歡迎，掌聲”；D選項(xiàng)comment“評(píng)論，意見(jiàn)，批評(píng)，描述”。begiventheabsenttreatment指被冷落。句意：這部影片受到了觀眾冷落。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Bythetimeyouhavecompletedtheessentialtraining,you________exposedtovirtuallyeverynewfeatureofthecourse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeen

B.willbe

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，并將繼續(xù)完成的動(dòng)作；B一般將來(lái)時(shí)，將來(lái)可能發(fā)生的事情；C過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去觀點(diǎn)看將來(lái)某時(shí)某動(dòng)作已完成；D過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。前面是由bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，且是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主將從現(xiàn)的原則，所以答案選A。

11.單選題

Heisbelievedtohavebeenshotbyarivalgangin（）fortheshootinglastweek.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revenge

B.reserve

C.reverse

D.remedial

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)revenge“報(bào)復(fù)；替……報(bào)仇”；B選項(xiàng)reserve“儲(chǔ)備；自然保護(hù)區(qū)；預(yù)備隊(duì)；儲(chǔ)備金”；C選項(xiàng)reverse“背面；相反；倒退”；D選項(xiàng)remedial“治療的；補(bǔ)救的；矯正的”。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)他是被敵對(duì)幫派射殺，為上周的槍擊案復(fù)仇。由關(guān)鍵詞“shooting槍擊”可推知“報(bào)復(fù)”符合語(yǔ)境，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Accordingtolegalprovisions,thepropertieswilleither____theoriginalownersorelsebesoldatauction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.committo

B.taketo

C.rompto

D.revertto

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“committo”，意為“交付，把……投入，對(duì)……作出承諾”，B選項(xiàng)“taketo”，意為“帶到，養(yǎng)成（做……）的習(xí)慣”，C選項(xiàng)“rompto”，意為“輕松”，D選項(xiàng)revertto，意為“回復(fù)，歸還”。句意：根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，這些財(cái)產(chǎn)要么歸原有者所有，要么被拍賣。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.填空題

Directions:Belowisapassageaboutclimatechange.ReadthepassagethenfillineachgapwithONEwordfromtheboxbelowthepassage.WriteyouranswersinthespacesontheANSWERSHEET.Thefirstonehasbeendoneasanexample.

VolcanoesMayBeSlowingDownClimateChangeTheplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredictedanditcouldbethatsulfuremissionsfromvolcanoesareblockingsunlight,coolingtheEarth.Smallvolcaniceruptionsmightbepartofthereasonwhythepaceofglobalwarminghasn’tkeptupwithprevious66anewstudypublishedinNature.Eruptionsofatleast17volcanoessince2000,includingKasatochiinAlaskaandMerapiinIndonesia,seemtohavehadacoolinginfluenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceand_67atmosphere.Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown68littlewarming.Thisso-called‘hiatus’puzzledresearchersaroundtheglobehavebeenworkingtounderstandthisphenomenon.“Thehiatusisafascinatingdetectivestory,’’saystheleadauthorofthestudy.“Whatweshowisthatevenwithoutanycomputermodelcalculationsthereisaclear69oftheseearlyvolcanicactivityhavingeffectsontemperaturesandonthereflectedsunlightoftheatmosphere,”saystheleadofthestudy.Researchshowsthatlargevolcaniceruptionsinjectsulfurdioxidegasintothestratosphere.Thegasformstinydropletsofsulfuricacid,alsoknownas“volcanicaerosols,”thatcanblocksunlight.Thatcoolingeffecthasbeenlargely70byclimatescientistsuntilnow,butitseemstopartlyoffsetthewarningfromhuman-causedchangesingreenhousegases.

【答案】66.predictions

67.lower

68.relatively

69.signal

70.ignored

【解析】66.考查上下文語(yǔ)境。根據(jù)Theplanethasn’tbeenwarmingasmuchasclimatemodelspredicted（地球并沒(méi)有像氣候模型預(yù)測(cè)的那樣變暖）中的predicted可知此處應(yīng)該是predictions.句意：《自然》雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，小型火山爆發(fā)可能是全球變暖速度沒(méi)有跟上之前預(yù)測(cè)的一致的部分原因。

67.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法?？崭裉帒?yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞。選項(xiàng)中能與atmosphere搭配的形容詞是lower，influenceonthetemperatureoftheEarth’ssurfaceandloweratmosphere（對(duì)地球表面和低層大氣的溫度的影響）符合句意。

68.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法。空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)程度副詞修飾little表示“相當(dāng)小”。根據(jù)句子Inthepast,researchersobservedincreasesinlevelsofgreenhousegasesandinglobalwarning,butforthepast15yearstheEarth’ssurfacetemperatureshaveshown…littlewarming.（在過(guò)去，研究人員觀察到溫室氣體水平的增加和全球變暖，但在過(guò)去的15年里，地球表面的溫度幾乎沒(méi)有顯示出相當(dāng)小的變暖跡象），可知應(yīng)該填入relatively程度副詞。

69.考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法。前面有不定冠詞a和形容詞clear,此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，選項(xiàng)里面只有signal符合。句意：我們所展示的是，即使沒(méi)有任何計(jì)算機(jī)模型計(jì)算，也有明確的信號(hào)表明，這些早期的火山活動(dòng)對(duì)溫度和大氣反射的陽(yáng)光產(chǎn)生了影響。

70.

考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)hasbeenlargely…by判斷，這里是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，需要填動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，選項(xiàng)里面只有ignored是過(guò)去分詞。句意：到目前為止，這種降溫效應(yīng)在很大程度上一直被氣候科學(xué)家所忽視。

14.單選題

Atthelastcommitteemeeting,themotionthattheclub（）openuntilmidnightwasdefeated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remains

B.remain

C.remained

D.wouldremain

【答案】B

【解析】虛擬語(yǔ)氣。motion表示提議、建議，后面要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形，所以本題選B。

15.單選題

Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.namely

B.orrather

C.and

D.particularly

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A項(xiàng)namely“也就是，即是”，B項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說(shuō)，倒不如說(shuō)”，C項(xiàng)and“和”，D項(xiàng)particularly“異乎尋常地，特別是”。由success（成功）和triumph（勝利）可知，這兩個(gè)意思相近，success強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，triumph強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程和動(dòng)作，所以空格處填入B項(xiàng)更符合句子語(yǔ)境。句意：對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)者來(lái)說(shuō)，這座建筑是一個(gè)巨大的成功，或者更確切地說(shuō)是一個(gè)勝利。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

16.單選題

Thenumberofpeoplebuyingprivateautosisstillrisingrapidly,thereforetheeffectofthegovernment'songoingeffortstocutairpollutionremainsopentoquestion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rapidly,therefore

B.ongoingeffortstocut

C.remainsopen

D.toquestion.

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】E

17.單選題

Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DaysafterdaysmymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.

Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether—honesty,kindness,andsoon—accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—and,ultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:“Inthisfamilycertainthingarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!”

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasgone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.

Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

1.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,______.

3.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave______.

4.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat______.

5.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.it’sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil

B.it’scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit

C.it’sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil

D.it’sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.societyistobeheldresponsible

B.moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit

C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame

D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lessself-discipline

B.bettersenseofdiscipline

C.moremutualrespect

D.lesseffectivegovernment

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals

B.peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards

C.today’ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty

D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies

B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople’sbehavior

D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.（一位智者曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，邪惡獲勝的唯一必要條件就是好人什么都不做。），通過(guò)閱讀全文進(jìn)一步理解其深層含義，可以推斷出這句話暗示著：如果好人對(duì)邪惡坐視不管，那它就會(huì)盛行猖獗。因此B選項(xiàng)“如果好人不采取行動(dòng)，邪惡肯定會(huì)占上風(fēng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“面對(duì)邪惡，好人沒(méi)有必要去做什么”，C選項(xiàng)“美德戰(zhàn)勝邪惡是很自然的事”，D選項(xiàng)“善良的人遠(yuǎn)離邪惡是可取的”均不符合原文內(nèi)容，所以A,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.（我們迫切需要更多的人相信，犯罪的人應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé)。），說(shuō)明作者指出美國(guó)需要更多人認(rèn)為罪犯實(shí)施犯罪行為的責(zé)任應(yīng)歸咎于他自身。因此C選項(xiàng)“犯罪者本人應(yīng)承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任”正確。A選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)要負(fù)責(zé)任”，B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代文明應(yīng)對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)”，D選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該提高生活水平”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到第六段第一句Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim（幸運(yùn)的是，仍然有一些社區(qū)——通常是小城鎮(zhèn)——在那里，學(xué)校維持紀(jì)律，家長(zhǎng)們堅(jiān)持標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），接下來(lái)第七段第一句說(shuō)到Y(jié)etmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.（然而，尤其是在大城市和市郊，這些內(nèi)在的約束正在越來(lái)越多地放松。），說(shuō)明大城市的人比小城鎮(zhèn)的人自律性更差。因此A選項(xiàng)“自律性較差”正確。B選項(xiàng)“更好的紀(jì)律意識(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)“更多的相互尊重”，D選項(xiàng)“政府的效率較低”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第三段Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.（這種崩潰的主要原因是人們態(tài)度的根本轉(zhuǎn)變。30年前，如果犯罪發(fā)生了，社會(huì)被認(rèn)為是受害者?，F(xiàn)在有一個(gè)令人震驚的逆轉(zhuǎn)，罪犯會(huì)被認(rèn)為是受害者：他貧困的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，學(xué)校沒(méi)有教他讀書，沒(méi)有給他道德指導(dǎo)的教堂，沒(méi)有給他提供穩(wěn)定家庭的父母。），說(shuō)明從前人們譴責(zé)的是罪犯，而現(xiàn)在則相反，人們認(rèn)為罪犯是他不良成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境的受害者，可知人們?cè)趯捤∽锓?。因此A選項(xiàng)“大城市的人們傾向于為罪犯開(kāi)脫罪責(zé)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“小鎮(zhèn)里的人仍然堅(jiān)持舊的紀(jì)律和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為小城鎮(zhèn)堅(jiān)持舊的紀(jì)律和價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是好的，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)今社會(huì)對(duì)處于困境的人缺乏同情心”，由原文可知，作者認(rèn)為人們?cè)趯捤∽锓刚怯捎诠妼?duì)罪犯給予了過(guò)多的同情，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“處境不利的人都在從事犯罪活動(dòng)”，由原文可知，作者提到很多處在困境中的人并沒(méi)有犯罪，說(shuō)明人并不是遇到逆境都會(huì)犯罪，犯罪是缺乏責(zé)任感的表現(xiàn)，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

5.主旨大意題。文章圍繞accountability“問(wèn)責(zé)”展開(kāi)論述，并借當(dāng)今社會(huì)人們?yōu)樽锓刚医杩谕泼撠?zé)任的例子指出人們應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)個(gè)人行為負(fù)責(zé)。因此D選項(xiàng)“更多的人應(yīng)該接受問(wèn)責(zé)的價(jià)值”最能體現(xiàn)文章主旨。A選項(xiàng)“在學(xué)校和家庭中應(yīng)保持更嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律性”，B選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該樹(shù)立更多的好榜樣供人們學(xué)習(xí)”，C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該對(duì)人們的行為施加更多的限制”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

18.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻譯為：這個(gè)群島于1898年被美國(guó)吞并，從那時(shí)起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他種族群體的遭遇更為悲慘?？梢耘袛嘀挥蠥項(xiàng)“夏威夷的種族群體”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意為：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他種族的境況更糟糕。C選項(xiàng)正確，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由A，B，C選項(xiàng)可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻譯為：由夏威夷的第一位本土官員JohnWaihee成立的主權(quán)咨詢委員會(huì)對(duì)土著居民的事件起到了推動(dòng)作用，該委員會(huì)建議夏威夷土著居民應(yīng)該自主決定是否需要重新成立一個(gè)夏威夷主權(quán)國(guó)家。判斷A，B，C選項(xiàng)正確，排除；D選項(xiàng)在文章內(nèi)沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息介紹，故選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻譯為：這是夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室（OHA）支持的態(tài)度，OHA作為一個(gè)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)成立于1978年，代表著當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦睦?，如今在面?duì)土著居民主權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)上保持著溫和的態(tài)度。故選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻譯為：他們還希望能夠要回66萬(wàn)公頃的夏威夷公有土地?？芍耐氖窍朊绹?guó)政府承認(rèn)其所有權(quán)而不僅僅是更多的租金。因此B選項(xiàng)“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合題意。

19.單選題

TheChairmanwasevidently（）byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)putdown“記下，寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓”；B選項(xiàng)putacross“圓滿完成；使被接受；解釋清楚”；C選項(xiàng)putaway“收起來(lái)，放好，儲(chǔ)存，打消”；D選項(xiàng)putout“熄滅；伸出；使不高興/憤怒/不安”。句意：這位主席很顯然被Jim的話給激怒了，瞪了他幾秒鐘。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds______hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobebasedon

D.tobaseon

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：這位教授幾乎找不到足夠的根據(jù)來(lái)支持他的新理論。根據(jù)橫線到句尾是對(duì)sufficientgrounds進(jìn)行修飾的定語(yǔ)從句，確定用引導(dǎo)詞which；根據(jù)短語(yǔ)basehisargumentsonthesesufficient，確定用介詞on，B選項(xiàng)onwhichtobase正確。A選項(xiàng)whichtobaseon介詞和語(yǔ)序錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)tobebasedon和D選項(xiàng)tobaseon介詞使用錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

這些書都沒(méi)有解釋這一現(xiàn)象。

【答案】Noneofthesebooksexplainthephenomenon.

22.單選題

It’sthebrinybrothofourorigins,thepoundingcirculatorysystemoftheworld,a（

）molecularedgeonwhichwesurvive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrated

B.precarious

C.solid

D.collided

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。integrated綜合的，完整的；precarious不穩(wěn)定的，危險(xiǎn)的；solid結(jié)實(shí)的；collided碰撞的。句意：生命起源于海洋，海洋是地球循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)，這些不穩(wěn)定的小分子是我們生存的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.翻譯題

Thefreedomofartismorethananideal.If,despitethesmallchanceofsuccess,theprofessionofartistissopopular,itisbecauseitofferstheprospectofalaborthatisapparentlyfreeofnarrowspecialization,allowingartists,likeheroesinthemovies,toendowworkandlifewiththeirownmeanings.Equallyfortheviewersofart,thereisacorrespondingfreedominappreciatingthepurposelessplayofideasandforms,notinslavishlyattemptingtodivineartists'intentions,butinallowingtheworktoelicitthoughtsandsensationsthatconnectwiththeirownexperiences.Thewealthybuythemselvesparticipationinthisfreezonethroughownershipandpatronage,andtheyarebuyingsomethinggenuinelyvaluable;thestateensuresthatawiderpublichasatleasttheopportunitytobreatheforawhilethescentoffreedomthatworksofartemit.Yettherearereasonstowonderwhetherfreetradeandfreeartareasantitheticalastheyseem.Firstly,theeconomyofartcloselyreflectstheeconomyoffinancecapital.Inarecentanalysisofthemeaningofculturaldominance,DonaldSassoonexploredpatternsofimportandexportofnovels,opera,andfilmsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.

Culturallydominantstateshaveabundantlocalproductionthatmeetsthedemandsoftheirhomemarkets,importinglittleandsuccessfullyexportingmuch.Inthenineteenthcentury,FranceandBritainwerethedominantliterarypowers.TheUSisnowbyfarthemostdominantculturalstate,exportingitsproductsgloballywhileimportingverylittle.

AsSassoonpointsout,thisdoesnotmeanthateveryoneconsumesAmericanculture,justthatmostoftheculturethatcirculatesacrossnationalboundariesisAmerican.Sassoonrulesfineartoutofhisaccountonthesensiblegroundsthatithasnomassmarket.Itishardtoreadtradefiguresforsignsofculturaldominanceinasystemthatisthoroughlycosmopolitan,sothatyouhaveaGermancollectorbuyingthroughaBritishdealertheworkofaChineseartistresidentintheUS.Wecan,however,getanideaofthevolumeoftradeineachnation,and,giventhehighproportionofinternationaltradeintheartmarket,thisdoesgiveanindicationofglobalhegemony.Heretherearestrikingparallelswiththedistributionoffinancialpow