考研考博-英語-山西信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Televisionadvertisinghasbeenunderconstantscrutinyforthelastfewyears.

問題1選項

A.counterattack

B.pressure

C.revision

D.examination

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。scrutiny表示“詳細審查”；A項counterattack“反擊，反攻”，B項pressure“壓力”，C項revision“修訂，修正”，D項examination“檢查，查問”。句意：在過去數(shù)年里，電視廣告一直不斷受到詳細審查。因此D項正確。

2.單選題

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsocieties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms——societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.SomesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfromHerodotus,theGreek“historian”ofthefifthcenturyB.C.，whospeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofarespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinaryGreekpractices.

Thus,Iwouldargue,thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswereusedasargumentsforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.Bachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontemporaryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,wills,andmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybeguntoshowhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingispresentedinthepassageasevidencesupportingtheauthor’sviewoftheancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprobablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreecetotheideaofasocietyruledbywomencouldbestbecharacterizedas（）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatthemainreasonforthepersistinginfluenceofBachofen’sworkisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

B.investigatetheramifications（影響，后果）ofBachofen’stheoryaboutthedominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

C.explaintherapidlyincreasedinterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

D.criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

問題2選項

A.partialcompleteness

B.restrictedaccessibility

C.difficultyofinterpretation

D.limitedquantity

問題3選項

A.TherequirementthatSauromataewomenkillinbattlebeforemarrying.

B.Thefailureofhistorianstoverifythatwomenwereevergovernorsofancientsocieties.

C.TheclassingofAmazonswithgiantsandcentaurs.

D.Thewell-establishedunreliabilityofHerodotusasasourceofinformationaboutancientsocieties.

問題4選項

A.confusedanddismayed

B.waryandhostile

C.cynicalanddisinterested

D.curiousbutfearful

問題5選項

A.feministshaveshownlittleinterestinancientsocieties

B.Bachofen’sknowledgeofAmazoniancultureisunparalleled

C.reliableinformationabouttheancientworldisdifficulttoacquire

D.ancientsocietiesshowthebestevidenceofwomeninpositionsofpower

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要提到了由于前現(xiàn)代文化的許多可靠的資料難以獲得，所以巴霍芬關(guān)于亞馬遜女性統(tǒng)治社會的論文具有長期的參考性和影響力。第二段接著介紹了巴霍芬論文的核心，主要是介紹了亞馬遜女性統(tǒng)治社會的特點。第三段中作者展開討論，認為有關(guān)于古代社會的這些最初記錄的資料或論文存在一些不合理性。最后一段提及了古希臘的男性記錄亞馬遜的女性統(tǒng)治社會的原因是具有教誨性的，并且提出單靠一些古代的文學資源或者資料，尤其是古代的神話，來獲得我們對古代社會的印象會具有一定的誤導性。可判斷出作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是批判了古代神話在研究并確定古代社會婦女地位問題中的價值。

2.事實細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“premoderncultures”定位到文章第一段“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.”，可知盡管現(xiàn)代時期已經(jīng)取得了很多成就，但前現(xiàn)代文化被證明面臨著更多困難：來源在數(shù)量上受到限制；不完整性；難以理解并且經(jīng)常存在爭議?？膳袛喑鲎髡哧愂龅年P(guān)于前現(xiàn)代文化的知識來源的問題，包括資源來源的不完整性（partialcompleteness）、難以解讀性（difficultyofinterpretation）以及數(shù)量受限（limitedquantity），所以不包括restrictedaccessibility，故選項B符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“theancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons”定位到文章第三段“...ancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.”可知作者認為古希臘對這種社會的描述，并不是要過多地去表現(xiàn)觀察到的歷史事實——真正的亞馬遜社會——而是要就婦女在其社會中的統(tǒng)治地位的預期后果提供一種道德教訓。例如，亞馬遜人經(jīng)常被描述為等同于巨人族和人馬族，他們都是被希臘英雄殺死的敵人。而根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.”可判斷作者對于古希臘人對亞馬遜人的描述持有不贊同的態(tài)度，認為其存在問題。所以下文利用亞馬遜人都是人馬族和半馬族的這種描述，表達其不合理性，與作者觀點相符，故選項C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“probablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreece”定位到文章第四段“…thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.”可知，對于古希臘的男性來說，記錄亞馬遜人的目的是教誨性的，是為了告訴所有的希臘人：從傳統(tǒng)社會分離出去而形成的女性統(tǒng)治社會或團體都是危險的，具有毀滅性?？膳袛喑龉畔ＥD的男性對于女性統(tǒng)治社會可能會有反應是持有謹慎態(tài)度的，并且會有抵觸敵對心理。選項B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Bachofen’swork”定位到文章第一段“…premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.”可知前現(xiàn)代文化存在許多問題和困難，如資料數(shù)量有限、殘缺不完整、難以理解等問題，這使得人們很難得到關(guān)于這些文化的信息或資料，所以一些早期的學術(shù)研究和著作在現(xiàn)今都未受到挑戰(zhàn)，具有長期性的影響力，Bachofen的論文和著作就是其中的典例之一?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J為Bachofen的論文能夠長期具有影響力的原因是人們現(xiàn)今很難獲得關(guān)于古代社會的可靠信息或資料。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Originallydesignedasworkclothesforminers,jeansarenowwormbyallsegmentsofsociety,theirappeal______bytheircomfortandaffordability.

問題1選項

A.overwhelmed

B.corroded

C.complicated

D.broadened

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項overwhelmed“（感情或感覺）充溢，難以禁受；擊敗，征服”；B選項corroded“腐蝕，侵蝕”；C選項complicated“使復雜”；D選項broadened“擴寬，擴大”。句意：牛仔褲最初是為礦工設計的工作服，現(xiàn)在受到社會各階層的追捧，它的吸引力因為舒適和實惠的特點而______。這里要填的是牛仔褲的吸引力因為舒適和實惠的特點而怎么樣，D選項broadened“擴寬，擴大”符合題意，也對應前面牛仔褲受歡迎的特點。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

______wehaveallthematerialsready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.

問題1選項

A.Grantedthat

B.Ifonly

C.Bynow

D.Nowthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項grantedthat“即使，假定”，表示條件；B項ifonly“要是……多好”，表示虛擬語氣；C項bynow“到目前為止”，作時間狀語；D項nowthat“既然，由于”表原因。句子表示原因；因此D項符合。句意：既然我們已經(jīng)準備好了所有的材料，我們應該立即開始這項新任務。故正確答案為D。

5.單選題

Noformofgovernmentintheworldis______;eachsystemreflectsthehistoryandpresentsneedsoftheregionandthenation.

問題1選項

A.dominant

B.influential

C.integral

D.drastic

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。dominant“統(tǒng)治的，支配的”；influential“有影響的，有權(quán)勢的”；integral“整體的”；drastic“嚴厲的，激烈的”。句意：世界上沒有任何形式的政府是統(tǒng)治性的，每種制度都反映了歷史，反映了地區(qū)，反映了宗教和國家的需要。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Cultural______indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

問題1選項

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項translation“翻譯”；B選項transition“轉(zhuǎn)變，變遷”；C選項transmission“傳播，傳遞”；D選項transaction“交易，業(yè)務”。根據(jù)handtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother可知C選項符合語義。句意：文化傳播意味著人類將他們的語言代代相傳。

7.單選題

Themarksmanwaitedforthepheasantto（）cover.

問題1選項

A.seek

B.break

C.get

D.take

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項seek“尋求；尋找；探索；搜索”；B選項break“打破；骨折；違犯；弄壞；失靈；打斷；終止”；C選項get“使得；獲得；受到；變成；成為；變得；到達”；D選項take“拿，?。粠?；使達到；偷走；奪取；買下”。根據(jù)固定搭配breakcover“跳出來；跳出躲藏處；從隱藏處出來”可知該題選break。句意：狙擊手等著這只野雞從隱蔽處出來。因此B選項正確。

8.填空題

AOh,ProfessorDonaldson,it’ssuch（1）honortomeetyou!I’vereadallyourbooksandasmanyofyourarticlesasIcouldgetmyhandson.

BYou’renotZhangQing,areyou?

A,（2）buthowdoyouknowmyname?

BProf.LitoldmetobesuretomeetyouwhenIvisitedthecampus.Hesaidyouwereveryinterestedinourresearch.

AThat’strue,andI'vebeen（3）forwardtomeetingyoueversinceIheardyouwerecomingtoBeijing.

句意:

哦，唐納森教授，非常榮幸見到你！我己拜讀過您所有的書籍，且閱讀了大量我所能接觸到的你的文章。

你不是張青嗎？

我就是，但您是怎么知道我的名字的？

李教授讓我務必在參觀校園時與你見面。他說你對我們的研宄很感興趣。是的，自從聽說您要來北京后，我就一直期盼著與你見面。

【答案】1.an

2.Yes

3.looking

【解析】1.語法題。Such跟honor之間用不定冠詞，因為honor以元音發(fā)音開頭，故用an。

2.語法題。當反意疑問句的前半部分是否定，后半部分是肯定時，如果事實是肯定，就用Yes，如果事實是否定就用No。

3.固定搭配。lookforwardto:盼望，希望。句中用到現(xiàn)在完成進行時，故用looking。

9.單選題

Ifyou’replanningongoingsightseeingaroundtheoldcity,aguideis（）.

問題1選項

A.indicative

B.indifferent

C.indispensable

D.incredible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indicative“象征的；指示的”；indifferent“冷淡的，不關(guān)心的”；indispensable“不可缺少的”；incredible“難以置信的”。句意：如果你打算去舊城觀光的話，向?qū)莀_____。根據(jù)句意可知，選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Iwouldneverhave（

）acourtoflawifIhadn’tbeensodesperate.

問題1選項

A.soughtfor

B.accountedfor

C.turnedup

D.resortedto

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。resortedto與acourt搭配，意為訴諸法庭。

11.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassageintoChinese

Itiswellthatyoungmenshouldbeginatthebeginningandoccupythemostsubordinatepositions.ManyoftheleadingbusinessmenofPittsburghhadaseriousresponsibilitythrustuponthemattheverythresholdoftheircareer.Theywereintroducedtothebroom,andspentthefirsthoursoftheirbusinesslivessweepingouttheoffice.Inoticewehavejanitorsandjanitressesnowinoffices,andouryoungmenunfortunatelymissthatsalutarybranchofbusinesseducation.Butifbychancetheprofessionalsweeperisabsentanymorning,theboywhohasthegeniusofthefuturepartnerinhimwillnothesitatetotryhishandatthebroom.ItdoesnothurtthenewestcomertosweepouttheofficeifnecessaryIwasoneofthosesweepersmyself.

【答案】年輕人從頭做起，擔任基層職位，這是件好事。匹茲堡很多有名望的商人在創(chuàng)業(yè)之初都身負重任。他們拿過掃把，最初都是清掃辦公室。我注意到我們辦公室清潔工人，這使得我們的年輕人不幸失去了一個受良好商業(yè)教訓的機會。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清潔工人沒有來，某位用于未來合伙人氣質(zhì)的年輕人會毫不猶豫地拿起掃把。如果有必要，新來的員工在辦公室打掃并沒有什么損失。我就一度自己打掃過。

12.單選題

Thoselivingincountrieswithlongdarkwintersareapttobelesstalkativeandlesssociablethaninhabitantsofcountrieswheretheclimateismore______.

問題1選項

A.excessive

B.equivalent

C.equable

D.exquisite

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項excessive“過多的，極度的，過分的”，B項equivalent“（在價值、數(shù)量等方面）相等的，等價的，等效的”，C項equable“平靜的，變動小的”，D項exquisite“精致的，細膩的，優(yōu)美的，劇烈的”。由longdarkwinters“漫長黑暗的冬天”和than“比”可知前后是對比，故wheretheclimateismore______中填入exquisite符合語境。句意：那些生活在有漫長而黑暗的冬天的國家的人往往比那些氣候更優(yōu)美的國家的居民更不愛說話，更不愛交際。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

13.不定項選擇題

“Ijustcouldn’tdoit.Idon’tknowwhatitis.It’snotembarrassment.Nothat’snotit.Yousee,you’reputtingyourheadinanoose;that’swhatitseemstome.”Derek,anarmedrobberwithalongrecordofjobs,wastalkingabouthoisting(shop-lifting).“NoIjustcouldn'tdoit.Imeanjustgoinginthere.”Hepausedtotrytofundamoreexactwayoffixing;hisantipathy.“Itellyouwhat.It’stooblatantformyliking.”

Itseemedafannywaytoputit.Pushingacoupleoftiesinyourpocketatashopwashardlythelastwordinextroversion,andevenabitonthediscreetsidewhencomparedtoallthatfiringofshotgunsandvaultingovercounterswhichmadeupthetypicalbankraid.

Butmyideasofshop-liftingwerestillboundupwithteenagememoriesofnickingpacketsofchewinggumfromthelocalnewsagents.Alotofguiltandnotmuchloot.Afterafewconversationswithprofessionalholsters,Irealizedthat“blatant”wasjustaboutright.

Nobodytookacoupleoftiestheytookthewholerack.Thefastmemberofthegangwouldwalkinniceandpurposefully.Theirjobwastosetupthegoods:perhapsputanelasticbawdroundtheendsofafewdozensilkscarves;movethevaluablepiecesofjewellerynearertheedgeofthecounter;slidethetiesontherackintoacompactbunch.Then,winesomebodyelsedivertstheassistantorprovidessomefortofmasking,thethirdmemberliftsthelot.

Ifthewalktothedoorisalittlelong,thentheremaybesomeoneelsetotakeoverforthelaststretch.Nooneisinpossessionformorethanafewseconds,andtherearealwaysacoupleofsparebodiestoobstructanyonewhoseemstobegettingtoonearthecarrier.

Storedetectiveswhomoveforwardwithwell-foundedsuspicionsmaystillfindthemselvesclutchingemptyair.Storedetectiveswatchforthreemaingive-sways:anysortofloiteringwhichlooksdifferentfromtheusualhangingaroundandditheringthatcharacterizestherealcustomer;anycovertcontactbetweenindividualsshownnoothersignofknowingeachother;anyover-friendlinesstowardssalesstaffwhichmightbeactingasadistraction.“There’soneotherlittleangle”saidonedetective.“Ioftenpoproundthebackstairs;that’swhereyou’lloccasionallyfindoneofthem;tryingtorelaxandgetthemselvesintherightmoodbeforestartingthenextjob.”

1.Thebankrobberwouldn’tconsidershop-liftingbecause（）.

2.Thewritersexperienceledtothinkthatmostshop-lifters（）.

3.Theroleofthefirstmemberofthegangisto（）.

4.Professionalshop-liftersavoidbeingcaughtintheactby（）.

5.Potentialshop-liftersmaybeidentifiedwhenthey（）.

問題1選項

A.itwasbeneathhisdignity

B.thepenaltiesweretoohigh

C.itwasn’tchallengingenough

D.therisksweretoogreat

問題2選項

A.wereattheirteens

B.stolemodestamounts

C.usedviolentmethods

D.stoleforexcitement

問題3選項

A.convincethestaffhe’saseriousshopper

B.removediegoodsfromtheshelves

C.establishtheeasiestgoodstosteal

D.smooththepathforhisaccomplice

問題4選項

A.passinggoodsfromonetoanother

B.hidingbehindordinaryshoppers

C.racingforthenearestexit

D.concealinggoodsinordinarybath

問題5選項

A.seemunabletodecidewhattobuy

B.openlysignaltoapparentstrangers

C.areunusuallychattytoassistants

D.setofftowardsemergencyexits

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。銀行劫匪不會考慮去做商店小偷，因為，選項A“這有失尊嚴”；選項B“懲罰太重了”；選項C“不夠挑戰(zhàn)性”；選項D“太冒險了”，根據(jù)文章第一段中銀行劫匪拒絕商店偷竊時所說的話“Itellyouwhat.It’stooblatantformyliking.我告訴你，這個太厚顏無恥了”，所以由此可以推斷出銀行劫匪不愿意去商店偷竊的原因是他覺得這種行為很無恥，有失身份與尊嚴，故正確答案為選項A。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。作者的經(jīng)歷讓他認為大部分的商店偷竊者……選項A“都是十幾歲的青少年”；選項B“偷適量的東西”；選項C“用很暴力的方法”；選項D“為了刺激而偷竊”，根據(jù)文章第三段中對于作者經(jīng)歷的描寫“Butmyideasofshop-liftingwerestillboundupwithteenagememoriesofnickingpacketsofchewinggumfromthelocalnewsagents.Alotofguiltandnotmuchloot.在我的印象里，商店偷竊還是十幾歲時候的記憶，從當?shù)貓罂ろ樖帜脦装谙闾?。偷的不多，但是罪惡感深重”，由此可知選項A錯誤，這里的“十幾歲”指的是作者十幾歲時候的記憶，而不是商店偷竊的是十幾歲的孩子；選項C、D原文中沒有提到；故正確答案為選項B。

第3題:推理判斷題。團伙中第一波成員是干什么的，選項A“使店員相信他是真正來買東西的”；選項B“把商品從貨架上移下來”；選項C“確定最容易偷的東西”；選項D“為他的同伙鋪路”。根據(jù)文章中對第一波進入商店的人的描寫“Theirjobwastosetupthegoods:perhapsputanelasticbawdroundtheendsofafewdozensilkscarves;movethevaluablepiecesofjewellerynearertheedgeofthecounter;slidethetiesontherackintoacompactbunch.”可知他們的工作是準備好要偷的商品，他們會利用一些小技巧使要偷的商品便于同伙來拿，為同伙提供方便，選項B、C所表達的內(nèi)容只是他們可能做的工作之一，并不能代替全部工作，選項A不是他們的工作，由此可知正確答案為選項D。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。職業(yè)商店偷竊者通過什么行為來避免被抓住，選項A“將商品互相傳遞”；選項B“藏在普通顧客身后”；選項C“跑向最近的出口”；選項D“把商品藏在浴缸里”，根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Ifthewalktothedoorisalittlelong,thentheremaybesomeoneelsetotakeoverforthelaststretch.Nooneisinpossessionformorethanafewseconds…如果距離門口的路程太長，那么就會有其他人來接力，商品不會在每個人的手中停留超過幾秒鐘”，可見他們用來避免被抓住的辦法就是傳遞偷到的商品，不讓警察逮住現(xiàn)行，故正確答案為選項A。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。有偷竊嫌疑的人什么時候能被確定，選項A“似乎不能確定要買什么”；選項B“公開對陌生人發(fā)出暗號”；選項C“通常跟店員有很多話講”；選項D“準備朝著緊急出口跑”，根據(jù)最后一段中警察的話，有三種可能的跡象：第一種是在商店里閑晃，表現(xiàn)得跟普通顧客不一樣的；第二種是假裝互相不認識偷偷摸摸的交頭接耳的；第三種是對店員表現(xiàn)得格外熱情的，所以可以排除選項A、B和D，正確答案為選項C。

14.單選題

ItisaquestionthathasvexedphilosopherssincetheGreeks.Butitseemswemaynowhavetheanswertothebeguilinglysimplequestion:“Whichcamefirst?”It’stheegg.

Thisreassuringconclusionwastheworkofanexpertpanel（1）aphilosopher,geneticistandchickenfarmer.

“Whetherchickeneggs（2）chickenshingesonthenatureofchickeneggs,”saidpanelmemberandphilosopherofscienceDavidPapineauatKing’sCollegeLondon.

“Iwould（3）it’sachickeneggifithasachickeninit.Ifakangaroolaidanegg（4）whichanostrichhatched,thatwouldsurelybeanostrichegg,notakangarooegg.Bythisreasoning,thefirstchickendidindeedcomefromachickenegg,（5）thateggdidn’tcomefromchickens.”

Theoldestrecorded（6）tothechildishconundrumgoes（7）toacollectionofessaysanddiscussionsbytheGreekhistorianMestriusPlutarchus,bornin46AD.Inasection（8）“WhethertheHenortheEggCameFirst”,hesuggestedthatthequestionwasalreadywell（9）:“Theproblemabouttheeggandthehen,whichofthemcamefirst,wasdraggedintoourtalk,adifficultproblemwhichgivesinvestigatorsmuchtrouble.”

Plutarchusalso（10）atthepuzzle’sgreatersignificance:“Sullamycomradesaidthatwithasmallproblem,aswithatool,wewererockinglooseagreatandheavyone,thatofthe（11）oftheworld.”

Whetherthepanel（12）thatdebateisnotclear,buttheywere（13）onthecorrectchicken/eggpeckingorder.JohnBrookfield,anevolutionarygeneticistattheUniversityofNottinghamsaidthe（14）involvespiecingtogetherthespeciationeventinwhichchickensfirst（15）.

Heimaginestwonon-chickenparentsgettingtogetherandgiving（16）tothefirstindividualofanew（17）becauseofageneticmutation.“Thefirstchickenmusthavedifferedfromits（18）bysomegeneticchange,perhapsavery（19）one,butonewhichcausedthisbirdtobethefirsteverto（20）ourcriteriafortrulybeingachicken,”saidProfessorBrookfield.

“ThusthelivingorganisminsidetheeggshellwouldhavehadthesameDNAasthechickenthatitwoulddevelopinto,andthuswoulditselfbeamemberofthespeciesofchicken,”headded.

問題1選項

A.including

B.depicting

C.debriefing

D.inspiring

問題2選項

A.proceeded

B.preceded

C.preferred

D.procured

問題3選項

A.explain

B.protest

C.argue

D.suspect

問題4選項

A.at

B.over

C.to

D.from

問題5選項

A.exceptthat

B.incase

C.sothat

D.eventhough

問題6選項

A.conference

B.deference

C.reference

D.inference

問題7選項

A.away

B.back

C.forth

D.astray

問題8選項

A.entitled

B.knighted

C.documented

D.granted

問題9選項

A.established

B.questioned

C.forced

D.grounded

問題10選項

A.cued

B.hinted

C.pronounced

D.pointed

問題11選項

A.invention

B.innovation

C.creation

D.revolution

問題12選項

A.obscured

B.arranged

C.resettled

D.solved

問題13選項

A.disunited

B.unsteady

C.disagreeable

D.unanimous

問題14選項

A.salutation

B.resolution

C.solution

D.renovation

問題15選項

A.drifted

B.evolved

C.perched

D.dwelled

問題16選項

A.rise

B.clue

C.permission

D.way

問題17選項

A.species

B.flock

C.population

D.statistics

問題18選項

A.eggs

B.parents

C.individuals

D.groups

問題19選項

A.arbitrary

B.radical

C.subtle

D.negligible

問題20選項

A.produce

B.furnish

C.change

D.fulfill

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】第1題:（1）根據(jù)下文可推測，填空處前后為包含關(guān)系，所以選項A正確。

（2）根據(jù)句意：雞蛋是否在雞之前存在取決于雞蛋的本質(zhì)。在...之前用precede，所以選項B正確。proceed開始，繼續(xù)行進；prefer更喜歡；procure獲得。

（3）根據(jù)句意可知，填空處后面為某人的觀點，而且與上一段的觀點不一致，所以選項C符合語境。

（4）根據(jù)句意：如果袋鼠下的蛋孵化出鴕鳥，那肯定是鴕鳥蛋，而不是袋鼠蛋。from在這里表示鴕鳥由袋鼠下的蛋孵化而來。所以選項D正確。

（5）句意：根據(jù)這個推理,第一只小雞的確來自雞蛋，盡管這個蛋不是由雞下的。eventhough表轉(zhuǎn)折，符合原文語境。選項D正確。

（6）referenceto表示關(guān)于，提及，涉及。這里指：關(guān)于這個幼稚的難題。

（7）gobackto為固定搭配，意為“追溯到”。選項B正確。

（8）句意：在一個標題為《是先有母雞還是先有雞蛋》的章節(jié)中。entitle標題為……，稱做...；knighted授予爵位；documented用文件證明；granted保證，擔保。選項A符合句意。

（9）句意：他暗示這個問題已經(jīng)很好地確立了。選項A符合原文語境。

（10）cued暗示，給出線索；hinted暗示，示意，后面一般接that從句；pronounced宣告；pointed指出，一般與out搭配。句意：Plutarchus也暗示了這個難解之謎更大的意義。選項A正確。

（11）根據(jù)上一句提到的利用工具可推測，這里指創(chuàng)造和改變世界。選項C符合原文語境。

（12）根據(jù)句意：專家組是否解決了這一爭議尚不清楚。選項中只有D選項符合句意。

（13）根據(jù)but可知前后形成轉(zhuǎn)折，上一句提到爭議是否解決尚不清楚，但是他們在雞和蛋的正確順序上達成了一致。選項D與其他選項意義相反，符合原文句意,所以正確。

（14）句意：諾丁漢大學的進化遺傳學家JohnBrookfield說，解決辦法是...。選項中只有選項C與原文相關(guān),符合原文語境。

（15）根據(jù)上文可知,JohnBrookfield是一名進化遺傳學教授，由此可以推測,這里指evolved。選項B正確。

（16）giveriseto為固定搭配，意為“使發(fā)生,引起”。

（17）根據(jù)下文“geneticmutation”基因突變可推測，產(chǎn)生的是一個新的物種。所以選項A符合原文語境。

（18）句意:第一只雞肯定和它的父母相比有一些基因變化。選項B符合原文句意。

（19）arbitrary任意的，武斷的；radical根本的，徹底的；subtle微妙的；negligible微不足道的。根據(jù)原文語境可知，這里指微妙的變化。

（20）fulfillcriteria指滿足條件，符合標準。句意：但正是這種變化使這只雞成為有史以來第一只符合我們標準的真正的雞。選項D符合原文句意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

第6題:

第7題:

第8題:

第9題:

第10題:

第11題:

第12題:

第13題:

第14題:

第15題:

第16題:

第17題:

第18題:

第19題:

第20題:

15.案例題

BarbieDolls

Flashyclothes,theperfectboyfriend,aCorvette,Ferrari,fullsizeapartmentwithbeautifulfurnitureandaboat.She'sthewomanwhohaseverythingandeveryyearreceivesmore.Sinceherintroductionin1959,theBarbiedollmaybethemostinfluentialiconofAmericancultureinthelatetwentiethcentury.

（1）.Sheattractedlittlegirlsbecauseofheradult-likefeatures.Beforethis,childrenlookedattoyslikeYogiBear,HowdyDoody,andbabydollsforinspiration.Withthecreationof?Barbie,girlsnowhadanewtoytostimulatetheirimaginations.

Inthe1950smostwomenstayedathome,cooking,cleaningandcaringfortheirchildren;theydidn'tparadearoundintightlittleskirtsandhighheels.TheBarbiedollrepresentedindependenceandglamourshecouldsingsolosinthespotlightoneminuteandpilotanairplanethenext.ShewasexcitingandcompletelydifferentfromtheclingingBetsyWestsysandChattyCathysthatlittlegirlswereusedto.

InForeverBarbie:theUnauthorizedBiographyofaRealDoll,MG.LordtellsthestoryofBarbie'screators.RuthHandler,theyoungestoftensiblings（同胞）,workedasastenographerforParamountPicturesasayoungwoman.HerhusbandElliottdesignedlightfixturesandstudiedart.

（2）.TheHandlersbeganthefactoryintheirgaragebutquicklyexpandeduntiltheyhadhiredahundredworkerswhomadejewelryanddecorativeitems.WorldWarIIshortagesoflaborsoonputthemoutofbusiness.

Despitetheirfirstfailure,theHandlersdidn'tgiveupand,in1945,theyjoinedwithHaroldMatson,aformerworker,andtogetherthethreestarted"MattelCreations".Matson'slastnamealongwithElliot'swasfusedtogethertoformthenameMattel.

In1946,Matsonsoldouthisshare.TheHandlerswerenotdiscouraged,though,becauseoftheirstrongbeliefinfuturisticmaterialssuchasPlexiglas,Luciteandplastic.Theycontinued,lookingfortheperfectitemtomaketheircompanyasuccess.Littledidtheyknowthattheirpersistencewouldleadthemtoestablishamulti-millioncompanyinitiatedbytherevolutionaryBarbiedoll.

RuthHandlerfirstencounteredthemodelforBarbiein1955whilevacationinginSwitzerlandwithherfamily.TheLillidoll,acomiccharacterfromGermany,wasusuallyfoundintobaccostoresasathreedimensional（三維的）pinup（掛在墻上的照片,玩偶等）.Ruthbroughtbacktwodolls,oneforherdaughterBarbara,andoneforherself.

（3）.Handlerrecalls:"ThroughtheirplayBarbaraimaginedtheirlivesasadults.Theyusedthedollstoreflecttheadultworldaroundthem.Theywouldsitandcarryonconversations,makingthedollsrealpeople.Ithoughtifonlywecouldtakethisplaypatternandthreedimensionalizeit,wewouldhavesomethingveryspecial."

BarbiedebutedattheAmericanToyFairinNewYorkCityinthewinterof1959.Butinherunseasonableblack-and-whitestripedswimsuit,thedolldidnotimpresstoybuyers.EvenScars,Mattersbiggestcustomer,refusedtoputthesexydollontheirshelves.LordsaysitwasMattel'sadvertisingstrategyaimedatthechildrenthatfinallypavedthewayforBarbie'ssuccess.

The1950swasabigdecadeforchildculture.DisneylandhadopenedinJulyof1955,andWaltDisney'sMickeyMouseClubtelevisionserieswasahitforchildrenundertheageof12.ManufacturersandretailershadaimedtoyadvertisingatparentsinthepastwiththefocusduringChristmasseason.Butoncechildrenactuallysawtoysadvertisedontelevision,toysbecameabigbusiness.Televisionadvertisementswiththechild-as-a-consumerrevolutionizedthetoyindustryinthetwentiethcentury.

Barbiewasafantasy.Inabordercityitwasraretoencounterawhite,blue-eyedperson."Maybethat'swhyIwassoattractedtoher."Mostlittlegirlscouldn'twaittogettheirhandsonBarbiebecausetheyhadneverencounteredadollwithsuchanenormouswardrobe.

AngelaLoya,anengineerandBarbiecollectorfromHouston,idolizedBarbiebecauseofherindependence.Shesaidinaninterview,"Barbiewasdesignedforwomenbywomen.Ittaughtuswhatwasexpectedfromusbysociety.Shehaditall...theclothes,theboyfriendandwhatevercareershewanted.Shewasthesymbolofpost-warfemaleindependence."

（4）.LordquotesRuthHandlerassaying,"Pregnancy（懷孕）wouldneverbepartofBarbie'sphysique,becauseBarbiewouldnotcompromiseherfreedom.Justasshedidnotdependonparents,shewouldnothaveoffspringdependentonher."

Barbie'ssexyimagealsoraisedquestionsamongbothchildrenandparents.ManyparentsstilldidnottalkaboutsextotheirchildrenandnakedbabydollsusuallydidnotsparkgreatinterestBarbiedollschangedthis.

Some700mi