考研考博-英語-北京警察學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京警察學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay（）rolesin

raisingchildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incapable

B.indispensable

C.insensible

D.infinite

【答案】B

【解析】句意：在中國家庭里，（外）祖父母和其他親戚在撫養(yǎng)孩子的過程中充當(dāng)（）的角色。A選項(xiàng)incapable無能力的；B選項(xiàng)indispensable不可缺少的；絕對必要的；C選項(xiàng)insensible無感覺的；D選項(xiàng)infinite無限的，B選項(xiàng)indispensable符合句意。

2.單選題

Hehadgoneawayonbusinessandwouldnotreturntothehoteluntilthenextday.Ishouldhavetowaittill（）Icouldthankhimforthepresent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.afterwards

B.then

C.thenbefore

D.thentherefore

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他出差去了，第二天才會回旅館。我應(yīng)該等到那個時(shí)候才能表達(dá)對他送我禮物的感謝。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞till可知空白處首先應(yīng)填入—個與thenextday意思相似的副詞，即then；另外“Icouldthankhimforthepresent”這部分為時(shí)間狀語，引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用before，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.單選題

InthefaceofanuncooperativeCongress,theChiefExecutivemayfindhimself（

）toaccomplishthepoliticalprogramtowhichheiscommitted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neutral

B.impotent

C.impudent

D.pious

【答案】B

【解析】neutral中立的；impotent無力的，無效的；impudent魯莽的，無禮的；pious虔誠的，盡責(zé)的。句意：面對不合作的國會，行政長官可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無力完成他所承諾的政治計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Geysershaveoftenbeencomparedtovolcanoes______theybothemithotliquidsformbelowtheEarth’ssurface.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dueto

B.became

C.inspiteof

D.regardlessof

【答案】A

【解析】考查句子邏輯。從句子的意思可以知道，前后成分是結(jié)果與原因的關(guān)系，所以我們需要選擇一個表示原因的連接詞，A項(xiàng)dueto“由于”，后面接表示原因的名詞性成分；B項(xiàng)become“變成”，不符合邏輯；C項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管”表示讓步；D項(xiàng)regardlessof“不管”表示條件；這里題干其實(shí)省略了一個that。句意：間歇泉經(jīng)常被比作火山，因?yàn)樗鼈兌坚尫懦龅乇硐碌臒嵋后w。因此，該題正確答案為A。

5.問答題

ThefounderofAlibabaoncesaid“Singles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.”Headdedthat:“AlibabawillholdSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalforatleast100years,andmakeSingles’DayashoppingfestivalfornotonlyChineseconsumersbutalsopeoplearoundtheworld.ThefestivalwilllastevenlongerthanAlibabaitself.”

ChineseshoppershavespentbigovertheSingles’Dayshoppingfestival,showingthecountry’sstrongeconomicrecoveryfollowingtheCovid-19epidemic.SalesonAlibaba’se-commerceplatformTmallexceeded372.3billionyuan(56.29billionU.S.dollars)betweenNov.1and12:30a.m.onNov.11.Attheshoppingpeak,583,000ordersweremadeinasinglesecondonTmall,settinganewonlineshoppingrecord.Morethan800millionshoppers,250,000brandsand5millionmerchantshaveparticipatedin2020Singles’Dayshoppingspree,accordingtoTmall.

SomeAmericaninvestorshavealreadybeguntodoubtifthefestivalwouldcomeattheexpenseoflowspendingpowerofChineseconsumersduringtherestoftheyear,whileotherinvestorsseemedtobemuchmoreworriedifAlibabawassellingfakeproductstoconsumers.Ananalystfurtherexplainedthat:“ThemajorreasonwhyinvestorsbegintocastdoubtontheeffectofSingles’Dayshoppingfestivalisthattheyworriedthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.”

Indeed,thelarge-scalediscountactivitiesonSingles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumers’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,includingpreparingenoughgoodsbeforethebigday,placingfakeordersonthebigday,onlytoattractconsumers’attentionandsellasmanygoodsaspossibleonthebigday.

ThefounderofanothermajorChineseonlineretailingplatformoncestatedtothemedia,saying,“Ithasalreadybecomeacommonpracticeforbusinessownerstoplacefakeordersononlineretailingplatforms,sinceboththeseplatformsandconsumersarewillingtorankabrandbasedonitssales.”

“Sincesomeonlineretailingplatformswouldlowerthepriceagreatdealtocompetewithotherplatformsinthepricebattle,wewouldevenbuybacktheproductsweprovidedtotheseplatformswithalowerpriceandthensoldthemwitharegularpriceontraditionalsaleschannels,”aseniorsalespersonnelofatraditionalbrandoncesuggested,“Wearealmostforcedtoplacefakeorderssincemanyconsumersprefertobuyproductswithhighersales.”

Nevertheless,mostbusinessownersseemednottobemakingmuchprofitoutoftheshoppingspreeoneverySingles’Day.Foronething,theyhadtospendmuchmoneyinplacingfakeordersandpromotingthemselves;foranother,theyhadtolowerthepricealotandmakeprofitmerelybylargesales,whichcouldbehighlyriskywhenthehighreturnratesistakenintoconsideration.

Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheabovetext.

1)WhycannotwebetotallyoptimisticabouttheenormouslyhugesalesvolumeofAlibaba’sSingles’Dayshoppingfestival?(10points)

2)HowdoestheSingles’Dayshoppingspreeinfluenceconsumersandbusinessowners?(10points)

【答案】1)Therearetworeasonscanbelisted.ThefirstoneisthatSingles’Day(November11)shoppingfestivalactivatedonlyatinypartofChina’sdomesticdemand,andhasstillalongwaytogotofullyunleashthegreatpotentialoftheChinesemarket.Thesecondreasonisthatthisworld’shugest,biggestandcraziestshoppingdayoftheyearmightunderminebothconsumers’spendingpowerandbusinessowners’marketingability.

2)Singles’Daymightinterruptsomeconsumer’purchaseplanbeforeandaftertheshoppingfestival,otherconsumerswhoshoppedonlineslightlybeforethe“bigday”mighthavetowaitforextratimetohavetheirgoodsdeliveredtothem,andstillothersmightshopirrationallyandgetoverdrawn,thusregretfullyreturningmostoftheirgoods.BusinessownerswerealsoforcedtoseizetheopportunityonSingles’Dayanddoeverythingtheycould,includingpreparingenoughgoodsbeforethebigday,placingfakeordersonthebigday,onlytoattractconsumers’attentionandsellasmanygoodsaspossibleonthebigday.Atthesametime,mostbusinessownersseemednottobemakingmuchprofitoutoftheshoppingspreeoneverySingles’Day.

6.單選題

（

）ofthegrasslanddwellersoftheNorthAmericancontinentistheantelope,orpronghorn.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Typical

B.Thetypical

C.Typicalis

D.While

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒裝句。分析句子可知，這是一個倒裝句，正常的語序是：theNorthAmericanantelope，orpronghornistypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinent。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陸典型的草原動物。

7.單選題

Whydoesacompanywantto（1）itsmoneywithotherpeople?Thereareseveralreasons.First,thecompanymay（2）verywell.Itmayneedmoneyto（3）.Bysellingsharesof

（4）,thecompanycangetthemoneyitneeds.Sometimes,itis（5）forthecompanytogopublicfortaxreasons.Becauseofthetax（6）,thecompanymaysavemoneyontaxesbysellingsharesonthestockexchange.Sometimes,acompanymayowealotofmoney（7）

However,thereasonswhycompaniesselltheirstocksonthestockexchangeareoften（8）.Ingeneral,allcompanies（9）sellsharesofstockonthestockexchangeneedto（10）moneyforonereasonoranother.Investors（11）buysharesofstockinacompanymaymakemoneyintwoways.Theymaybegintomakemoney（12）.Supposethatapersoninvestsinacompany,andthecompanymakesmoney.Thecompanysharesthismoneywiththe（13）.Thismoneythatissharediscalleda（14）.Dividendsareusuallysenttoinvestorsonceeverythreemonthswhilethey（15）thestock.Asecondwaythatinvestorsmay（16）istosellthestockatahigherpricethanthey（17）

ofeachshareofstockgoesupifthecompanydoeswell.Itmayalso（19）formanyotherreasons.Butwhenitdoesgoup,apersonmaysellitandmakea（20）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.distract

B.permeate

C.share

D.recede

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.havedone

B.bedoing

C.do

D.havebeendoing

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.perplex

B.dominate

C.integrate

D.expand

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.utilities

B.contributions

C.earnings

D.laws

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.on

D.from

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.complex

B.essential

C.comprehensive

D.understandable

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.while

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.locate

B.admit

C.proclaim

D.raise

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.stake

B.stock

C.stalk

D.stack

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.advantageous

C.sensitive

D.actual

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.who

B.which

C.until

D.if

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.bymistake

B.todate

C.onearth

D.rightaway

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.observer

B.director

C.investor

D.instructor

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.tuition

B.postage

C.tip

D.dividend

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.offer

B.own

C.convince

D.equip

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.sellmoney

B.sharemoney

C.takemoney

D.makemoney

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.confronted

B.extracted

C.spilled

D.paid

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.price

B.investment

C.cost

D.value

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.tightenup

B.stockup

C.goup

D.stirup

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.profit

B.benefit

C.award

D.input

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:A

【解析】（1）distract轉(zhuǎn)移,分心,一般與介詞from搭配；permeate滲透；share分享,常與介詞with搭配；recede退去,減弱。根據(jù)原文：為什么一個公司想要和其他人分享它的資金呢?選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。

（2）may是情態(tài)動詞,后面接be動詞或動詞原形。根據(jù)后面的well可知,本題還考查doingwell的搭配。選項(xiàng)B正確。

（3）perplex使困惑；dominate控制,支配,占優(yōu)勢；integrate一體化；expand擴(kuò)張。句意：它可能需要資金來擴(kuò)張。選項(xiàng)D符合。

（4）sharesofstock股票,股份。為固定搭配。

（5）這里為形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：有時(shí),由于稅收原因,上市對公司是有利的。

（6）句意：根據(jù)稅法的規(guī)定,公司可以通過在證券交易所出售股票來節(jié)省稅款。Taxlaws指稅收的法律。

（7）考查固定搭配。oweto為固定搭配,指“欠...”，這里指公司可能欠銀行很多錢。。

（8）根據(jù)下文“foronereasonoranother”這樣或者那樣的原因,說明公司在證券交易所出售股票的原因往往很復(fù)雜。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（9）句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,說明不缺成分,that在這里引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,不充當(dāng)任何成分,解釋說明company。

（10）根據(jù)上文“Bysellingsharesofstock,itmaybeabletopaythebanks.”通過出售股票,它也許能夠支付欠銀行的錢。所以這里應(yīng)該是籌集資金。選項(xiàng)D正確。

（11）先行詞是investors,表人用who來引導(dǎo)從句。

（12）bymistake錯誤的；todate迄今為止；onearth究竟,到底；rightaway立刻,馬上。根據(jù)原文：購買公司股票的投資者可以通過兩種方式賺錢。他們可能會馬上開始賺錢。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（13）根據(jù)上文,假設(shè)一個人投資了一家公司,這家公司賺了錢,公司應(yīng)該會與這位投資者分享這筆錢,選項(xiàng)C正確。

（14）tuition學(xué)費(fèi)；postage郵費(fèi)；tip小費(fèi)；dividend紅利,股息。顯然選項(xiàng)D更符合原文。句意：這些被分享的錢叫做紅利。

（15）own擁有,持有,這里根據(jù)投資者指持有的股票進(jìn)行分紅。

（16）根據(jù)上文“Investorswhobuysharesofstockinacompanymaymakemoneyintwoways.”購買公司股票的投資者可以通過兩種方式賺錢,前面介紹了一種賺錢方式,這里應(yīng)該是第二種賺錢的方式。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（17）根據(jù)原文：投資者可能賺錢的第二種方式是以高于買入時(shí)的價(jià)格賣出股票。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

（18）根據(jù)原文：如果公司業(yè)績好,每股股票的價(jià)格就會上漲。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

（19）根據(jù)上下文均出現(xiàn)了goup可知,此處也應(yīng)為goup,選項(xiàng)C符合原文,指價(jià)格上漲。

（20）makeaprofit為固定搭配,指獲利,盈利。句意：當(dāng)價(jià)格上漲時(shí),人們可能會賣掉它并從中獲利。

8.單選題

Thoughthe37-year-oldmanhadobserved300differentspottydogsforonly2hours,hecouldrecall（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatfeatureseachdoghad

B.whatfeatureshadeachdog

C.whathadfeatureseachdog

D.whatfeatureshadeachdoghad

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知缺賓語，四個選項(xiàng)中只有whatfeatureseachdoghad是個正確的從句，可以擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語，句意為：盡管這位37歲的男子對300只不同的斑點(diǎn)狗只觀察了兩個小時(shí)，但他能回憶起每只狗的特點(diǎn)。故答案選A，其他幾項(xiàng)語序有誤。

9.單選題

Insuchachangingandcomplexsociety,formerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecome（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confusing

B.acceptable

C.complicated

D.feasible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。confusing令人困惑的，混亂的；acceptable可接受的；complicated復(fù)雜的；feasible可行的，可用的。句意：在今天這個不斷變化的多元社會，以前應(yīng)對信息需求的簡單的解決方法變得復(fù)雜。根據(jù)changingandcomplexsociety及simplesolutions可推知以前的簡單方法現(xiàn)在變得更復(fù)雜。答案C

10.單選題

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞性從句。分析句子，可知句中缺少主語，因此用what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句并在句中作主語；that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。

句意：在漫長的等待之后，輪到他進(jìn)入人事經(jīng)理辦公室了。

11.問答題

Amongtheprincipalchallengestosustainedgrowthofinternationaleconomicrelationsisthe

A

risenprotectionism,especiallyinnewandvirulentformsthatthreatenthealwaysfragilegrowth

B

C

D

oftradebetweencountriesatalllevelsofdevelopment.

【答案】試題答案：B;rising

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。risen意為“升起的”，rising意為“上升的”，此處表示指上升的保護(hù)主義。

12.單選題

Humanbeingsarecapable（1）thought;theyareswayedbyemotions.Wecanleavetothephilosopherandthephysiciansuchquestions（2）thepowerofthemindtoabstract,tocomprehendandtoreason,thenatureofinstincts,theactionandinteractionofintellectandwillandemotions.（3）whenmenthinkandfeeldeeply,theirnormalreactionistowishtocommunicatetheirthoughtsandtheirfeelings.Thesharingfulfillsa（4）needinhumannature.Menliveinsociety;theydonotnormallyliveinisolation.Whenonehumanbeingwishedtoconveyhis（5）toanother,hehastomakeuseofamedium,abridge.Thatbridgeislanguage.

Thescience（6）objectisthestudyoflanguageisknownasLinguists.ThestudentofLinguisticsisconcernedwitheveryaspectofthisconveyingofideasfromonemindtoanother,withlanguageasameansofinter-communication,whetheritisspoken,picturedorwritten.Themorespecializedbranchofthisstudywhichisconcernedonlywithspokenlanguage,morespecificallywiththesoundsusedinspeech,（7）knownasPhonetics.

Noweveninthisscientificage,communicationisstill（8）oral.Itisstilltruetosaythegreatmajorityofinformationisconveyedbymeansofthespokenword.Itisself-evidentthatbeforeanylanguagecanbewrittenitmustbespoken.Itis,（9）,quitepossible,asweknowfromexamplesuptoowntimes,tohaveliteraturewithoutliteracy.Thepenandtheprintingpressmerelyhivevisualpermanencetomessageswhichwouldotherwisehavetobetransmittedbythetongueandreceivedbytheear.Writingis,ofcourse,apowerfuldefenseagainsttheravagesoftimeordistance,amorepermanentandreliablestorehouse（10

）humanmemory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.of

C.at

D.for

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.in

C.as

D.to

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.So

B.And

C.Then

D.But

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.deep-seat

B.deep-seated

C.deepseat

D.deep-seating

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.thoughts

C.thinking

D.thinkings

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.which

C.whose

D.what

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.are

C.being

D.as

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.largely

B.merely

C.specifically

D.particularly

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.asaresult

C.onthecontrary

D.infact

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.than

C.as

D.in

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:A

【解析】（1）becapableof為固定搭配,意為“具有…能力,能夠...”。選項(xiàng)B正確。

（2）根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應(yīng)與such搭配使用,suchas意為“比如...,諸如...”。這里指“諸如...的問題”。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（3）結(jié)合上下文及句意可知,這里應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,上一句提到“我們可以把這些問題留給哲學(xué)家和醫(yī)生”；下一句“但當(dāng)人們深入思考和感受時(shí),他們的正常反應(yīng)是希望表達(dá)自己的想法和感受。”選項(xiàng)D符合原文語境。

（4）deep-seated指“深層的,根深蒂固的”。選項(xiàng)B正確,其他選項(xiàng)的形式都不正確。

（5）根據(jù)句意可知,這里是把思想傳達(dá)給另一個人。thinking是一個總的概念,指人的思想；thought是具體的某個想法。且這里應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（6）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,這里為定語從句,用關(guān)系代詞whose表示“的”。句意：以語言為研究對象的科學(xué)被稱為語言學(xué)家。

（7）填空處前面為插入語可暫時(shí)忽略不看,句子的主語為themorespecializedbranch,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù),選項(xiàng)A正確。

（8）根據(jù)下文可知,這里要表達(dá)的是：現(xiàn)在,即使是在科學(xué)時(shí)代,溝通仍然主要是口頭的。largely指“主要地,大部分”。選項(xiàng)A正確。

（9）結(jié)合上下句可知,兩者之間存在因果關(guān)系。任何語言都是先說出來再被寫出來,因此,在人類沒有讀寫能力之前文學(xué)就有可能是存在的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文句意。

（10）根據(jù)句意：寫作是人類記憶更持久、更可靠的寶庫。所以用of表示“的”。選項(xiàng)A正確。

13.單選題

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsocieties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms——societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.SomesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfromHerodotus,theGreek“historian”ofthefifthcenturyB.C.，whospeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofarespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinaryGreekpractices.

Thus,Iwouldargue,thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswereusedasargumentsforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.Bachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontemporaryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,wills,andmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybeguntoshowhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingispresentedinthepassageasevidencesupportingtheauthor’sviewoftheancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprobablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreecetotheideaofasocietyruledbywomencouldbestbecharacterizedas（）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatthemainreasonforthepersistinginfluenceofBachofen’sworkisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

B.investigatetheramifications（影響，后果）ofBachofen’stheoryaboutthedominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

C.explaintherapidlyincreasedinterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

D.criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.partialcompleteness

B.restrictedaccessibility

C.difficultyofinterpretation

D.limitedquantity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TherequirementthatSauromataewomenkillinbattlebeforemarrying.

B.Thefailureofhistorianstoverifythatwomenwereevergovernorsofancientsocieties.

C.TheclassingofAmazonswithgiantsandcentaurs.

D.Thewell-establishedunreliabilityofHerodotusasasourceofinformationaboutancientsocieties.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.confusedanddismayed

B.waryandhostile

C.cynicalanddisinterested

D.curiousbutfearful

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.feministshaveshownlittleinterestinancientsocieties

B.Bachofen’sknowledgeofAmazoniancultureisunparalleled

C.reliableinformationabouttheancientworldisdifficulttoacquire

D.ancientsocietiesshowthebestevidenceofwomeninpositionsofpower

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要提到了由于前現(xiàn)代文化的許多可靠的資料難以獲得，所以巴霍芬關(guān)于亞馬遜女性統(tǒng)治社會的論文具有長期的參考性和影響力。第二段接著介紹了巴霍芬論文的核心，主要是介紹了亞馬遜女性統(tǒng)治社會的特點(diǎn)。第三段中作者展開討論，認(rèn)為有關(guān)于古代社會的這些最初記錄的資料或論文存在一些不合理性。最后一段提及了古希臘的男性記錄亞馬遜的女性統(tǒng)治社會的原因是具有教誨性的，并且提出單靠一些古代的文學(xué)資源或者資料，尤其是古代的神話，來獲得我們對古代社會的印象會具有一定的誤導(dǎo)性?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔戇@篇文章的主要目的是批判了古代神話在研究并確定古代社會婦女地位問題中的價(jià)值。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“premoderncultures”定位到文章第一段“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.”，可知盡管現(xiàn)代時(shí)期已經(jīng)取得了很多成就，但前現(xiàn)代文化被證明面臨著更多困難：來源在數(shù)量上受到限制；不完整性；難以理解并且經(jīng)常存在爭議?？膳袛喑鲎髡哧愂龅年P(guān)于前現(xiàn)代文化的知識來源的問題，包括資源來源的不完整性（partialcompleteness）、難以解讀性（difficultyofinterpretation）以及數(shù)量受限（limitedquantity），所以不包括restrictedaccessibility，故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“theancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons”定位到文章第三段“...ancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.”可知作者認(rèn)為古希臘對這種社會的描述，并不是要過多地去表現(xiàn)觀察到的歷史事實(shí)——真正的亞馬遜社會——而是要就婦女在其社會中的統(tǒng)治地位的預(yù)期后果提供一種道德教訓(xùn)。例如，亞馬遜人經(jīng)常被描述為等同于巨人族和人馬族，他們都是被希臘英雄殺死的敵人。而根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.”可判斷作者對于古希臘人對亞馬遜人的描述持有不贊同的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為其存在問題。所以下文利用亞馬遜人都是人馬族和半馬族的這種描述，表達(dá)其不合理性，與作者觀點(diǎn)相符，故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“probablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreece”定位到文章第四段“…thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.”可知，對于古希臘的男性來說，記錄亞馬遜人的目的是教誨性的，是為了告訴所有的希臘人：從傳統(tǒng)社會分離出去而形成的女性統(tǒng)治社會或團(tuán)體都是危險(xiǎn)的，具有毀滅性。可判斷出古希臘的男性對于女性統(tǒng)治社會可能會有反應(yīng)是持有謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度的，并且會有抵觸敵對心理。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Bachofen’swork”定位到文章第一段“…premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.”可知前現(xiàn)代文化存在許多問題和困難，如資料數(shù)量有限、殘缺不完整、難以理解等問題，這使得人們很難得到關(guān)于這些文化的信息或資料，所以一些早期的學(xué)術(shù)研究和著作在現(xiàn)今都未受到挑戰(zhàn)，具有長期性的影響力，Bachofen的論文和著作就是其中的典例之一?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為Bachofen的論文能夠長期具有影響力的原因是人們現(xiàn)今很難獲得關(guān)于古代社會的可靠信息或資料。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceivedmoretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualificationsofcharacter;adegreeofself-subjugation;and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflexions,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.No-onedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingthattheessenceofitisadialogue.Moreempowermentisrequiredandweshouldstrivetoachieveit.

21.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?

22.Accordingtothepassage,employers______.

23.Accordingtothepassage______.

24.Inthewriter’sopinion______.

25.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicate

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessful

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.scienceincreasescompetition

B.scientistsareundervalued

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessment

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatus

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretrainin