考研考博-英語-上海商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

1.Gettingtoolittlesleepforseveralnightsinarowdisruptshundredsofgenesthatareessentialforgoodhealth,includingthoselinkedtostressandfightingdisease.Testsonpeoplewhosleptlessthansixhoursanightforaweekrevealedsubstantialchangesintheactivityofgenesthatgoverntheimmunesystem,metabolism,sleepandwakecycles,andthebody’sresponsetostress,suggestingthatpoorsleepcouldhaveabroadimpactonlong?termwellbeing.

2.Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,mayshedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.’’Thesurpriseforuswasthatarelativelymodestdifferenceinsleepdurationleadstothesekindsofchanges,"saidProfessorDijk,directoroftheSurreySleepResearchCentreatSurreyUniversity,wholedthestudy.“It’sanindicationthatsleepdisruptionorsleeprestrictionisdoingmorethanjustmakingpeopletired.”

3.Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.InonesurveyofworkersinBritainmorethan5%claimedtosleepnomorethanfivehoursanight.AnothersurveypublishedintheUSin2010foundthatnearly30%ofpeopleclaimedtosleepnomorethansixhoursanight.

4.ProfessorDijk’steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years,toliveunderlaboratoryconditionsatthesleepcentrefor12days.Eachvolunteervisitedthecentreontwoseparateoccasions.Duringonevisit,theyspent10hoursanightinbedforaweek.Intheother,theywereallowedonlysixhoursinbedanight.Attheendofeachweek,theywerekeptawakeforadayandnight,oraround39to41hours.UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight,whilethoselimitedtosixhoursinbedeachnightgotonaverage5hoursand42minutesofsleep.

5.Thetimespentasleephadahugeeffectontheactivityofgenes,pickedupfrombloodtestsonthevolunteers,accordingtoareportintheUSjournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Amongthesleep-deprived,theactivityof444geneswassuppressed,while267genesweremoreactivethaninthosewhosleptforalongertime.

6.Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,whiledisruptionofothergenes,suchasthosethatgovernthebody’sinflammatoryresponse,mighthaveanimpactonheartdisease.Additionalgenesthatwereaffectedhavebeenlinkedtostressandaging.Sleeplossalsohadadramaticeffectongenesthatgovernthebody'sbiologicalclock,suggestingthatpoorsleepmighttriggeraviciouscycleofworseningsleepdisruption.Thetestsshowedthatpeoplewhosleptfor8.5hoursanighthadaround1,855geneswhoseactivityroseandfellovera24-hourcycle.Butinthesleep-deprived,nearly400ofthesestoppedcyclingcompletely.Theremainderroseandfellinkeepingwiththebiologicalclock,butoveramuchsmallerrange."Thereisafeedbacklinkbetweenwhatyoudotoyoursleepandhowthataffectsyourcircadianclock.Thatwillbeveryimportantinfutureinvestigations,”saidDijk.

7.Theresearchersdidnotcheckhowlongittookforgenestoreturntotheirnormallevelsofactivityinthesleep-deprivedvolunteers,buttheyhopetodosoinlaterstudies.Thoughscoresofgenesweredisruptedinthesleep-deprived,thescientistscannotsaywhetherthosechangesareaharmlessshorttermresponsetopoorsleep,asignofthebodyadaptingtosleep-deprivation,orarepotentiallyharmfultohealth.

8.JamesHome,professorofpsychophysiologyatLoughboroughUniversity’sSleepResearchCentre,said:"Thepotentialperilsof’sleepdebt’intoday'ssocietyandtheneedforeighthoursofsleepanightareoftenoverplayedandcancauseundueworry.Althoughthisimportantstudyseemstosupportthisconcern,theparticipantshadtheirsleepsuddenlyrestrictedtoanunusuallylowlevel,whichmusthavebeensomewhatstressfulWe

mustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep.Besides,sleepcanadapttosomechange,andshouldalsobejudgedonitsquality,notsimplyonitstotalamount.”

1.BasedonwhatisreportedintextA,Prof.Dijkseemstohavechosenthevolunteersforhissleepexperiments（

）.

2.TheresearchdescribedintextA（

）.

3.Theuseoftheverbtoclaiminparagraph3indicatesthattheresearchers（

）.

4.WhenthesleepresearcherswhoseworkisthefocusoftextAneededtofindouthowmuchsleeptheirhumanexperimentalsubjectsweregetting,they（

）.

5.AccordingtotextA,DrDijk'sresearchindicatesthatobesity（

）.

6.Prof.Home’sremarks(paragraph8)（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.primarilyfromamonguniversityundergraduateswithagreatdealoffreetime.

B.fromanagegroupinwhichphysicalgrowthhadendedandmajorundetectedhealthproblemswereunlikelytobepresent.

C.fromarandomassortmentofBritishpeople.

D.fromamongthepeoplemostlikelytosufferfrominterruptedsleeporothersleepingproblems.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.usefullyconfirmstheworkofearlierresearchersbutofferslittlethatisnew.

B.offersbiologicalclarificationofresearchdoneearlier.

C.contradictstheresultsofearlierresearch.

D.ispioneeringworkofakindneverdonebefore.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aresurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

B.havenoreasonnottobelievethatthesleepdataarecorrect.

C.thinkthatthereislittlereasontoacceptthesleepdata.

D.cannotbeabsolutelysurethatthesleepdataareaccurate.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.usedtechnicalmeanstoworkouthowmuchthevolunteershadreallyslept.

B.watchedthesleepingvolunteersinthelabtoseehowlongtheyslept.

C.estimatedthefiguresbyaveragingsleepdataarrivedatbyvariousmeans.

D.reliedonstatementsmadebythevolunteersusedintheexperiments.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isthedirectresultofgettingtoolittlesleep.

B.maybethedirectresultofnotgettingenoughsleep.

C.mayresultfromorbeworsenedbyalterationsinthegenesofpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.

D.cannotbeshowntohaveanyreasonabledirectorindirectconnectionwithsleepingpatterns.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.cautionreadersnottoconcludetoomuchfromProf.Dijk’sfindings

B.emphasizetheimportanceforallhumanbeingsofgetting8hoursofsleepnightly

C.warnthatdangerousstressistheinevitableresultofgettingtoolittlesleep

D.underlinetheimportanceandvalueofProf.Dijk'sresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干意思“基于文章A中的陳述，教授Dijk為自己的睡眠實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇的自愿者似乎…”定位至第四段“ProfessorDijk'steamasked14menand12women,allhealthyandagedbetween23and31years...教授Dijk的團(tuán)隊(duì)要求身體都健康且年齡介于23至31歲的14位男人和12位女人……”,由此可知知B項(xiàng)“來自身體發(fā)育已停止且不太可能有主要的未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的健康問題的年齡群體”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中“Thechanges,whichaffectedmorethan700genes,may

shedlightonthebiologicalmechanismsthatraisetheriskofahostofailments,includingheartdisease,diabetes,obesity,stressanddepression,inpeoplewhogettoolittlesleep.這些對(duì)超過700個(gè)基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的生物學(xué)機(jī)制。”及第三段中“Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatpeoplewhosleeplessthanfivehoursanighthavea15%greaterriskofdeathfromallcausesthanpeopleofthesameagewhogetagoodnight’ssleep.先前的研究顯示，每晚睡眠少于5小時(shí)的人相比睡好覺的同齡人死于各種原因的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了15%?！钡膶?duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系知B項(xiàng)“為早些時(shí)候的研究提供了生物學(xué)上的闡明”正確。

3.詞義題。claim本意指“要求；聲稱”及它在第三段的主語分別是“英國(guó)工人”和“在美國(guó)接受調(diào)研的人”,由此推測(cè)claim這個(gè)詞的使用表明研究者對(duì)睡眠對(duì)聲稱的睡眠數(shù)據(jù)不能確定，由此知D項(xiàng)“不能完全確定這些睡眠數(shù)據(jù)是精確的”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:UsingEEG(electroencephalography)sensors,thescientistsfoundthatthoseonthe10hours-per-nightweeksleptaround8.5hoursanight，...(通過使用腦電圖傳感器，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)每晚睡覺十個(gè)小時(shí)的人每晚大約睡覺8.5個(gè)小時(shí)。由此可知A項(xiàng)“用技術(shù)方式去算出志愿者們真正睡眠時(shí)間是多久”正確。

5.C細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段的第一句指出:這些對(duì)超過700個(gè)基因有影響的變化可能讓人明白睡覺過少的人患上如心臟病、糖尿病、肥胖、壓力和抑郁等疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加的生物學(xué)機(jī)制。第六段:Changesingenesthatcontrolmetabolismmighttriggerorexacerbateconditionssuchasdiabetesorobesity,...控制新陳代謝的基因發(fā)生的變化可能會(huì)引發(fā)或加劇如糖尿病或肥胖等情況……,可知c項(xiàng)“可能被睡覺很少的人的基因變化引起或惡化”正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第八段:Wemustbecarefulnottogeneralizesuchfindingsto,say,habitualsix-hoursleeperswhoarehappywiththeirsleep(我們必須小心避免去推廣這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，如不能將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)推廣到習(xí)慣六小時(shí)睡眠而對(duì)自己睡眠滿意人身上),可知A項(xiàng)“告誡讀者不要從教授Dijk的發(fā)現(xiàn)上推斷太多”正確。

2.翻譯題

在推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育的進(jìn)程中，宣傳輿論發(fā)揮著重大作用。它能正確地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生、家長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)各界。在教育觀念上形成共識(shí)，有助于形成全社會(huì)關(guān)心、支持、參與實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育的良好環(huán)境。我們希望新聞工作者要深入學(xué)校，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和宣傳報(bào)道實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育的好典型、好經(jīng)驗(yàn)。作家、藝術(shù)家、教育研究工作者都要從各自的角度為推行素質(zhì)教育作出努力。這一切都是為了我們能夠培養(yǎng)出真正合格的一代新人。我想，這一點(diǎn)全社會(huì)都責(zé)無旁貸。

實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育是涉及教育方向、教育功能、教育制度以及教育內(nèi)容、方法等各個(gè)方面的綜合性改革；是涉及到價(jià)值觀念、人才觀念、教育質(zhì)量觀念等思想方面的大變革；是涉及到勞動(dòng)事制度、招生考試內(nèi)容和方法等一系列的社會(huì)性改革；是我國(guó)教育為實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)工作的兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，實(shí)施科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略而必須進(jìn)行的具有根本性意義的重大轉(zhuǎn)變；是一項(xiàng)事關(guān)全局、影響深遠(yuǎn)和涉及社會(huì)各方面的系統(tǒng)工程?，F(xiàn)在全面推行素質(zhì)教育的客觀條件和環(huán)境已經(jīng)有所改善，但還不能說問題已經(jīng)完全解決。

【答案】Theeffortstocarryoutcharactereducationcallforcomprehensivechangesinorientation,functions,institution,contentandapproaches.Theycallforsweepingchangesinourunderstandingofvalues,talentandqualityofeducation.Theycallforsocialreformsinareassuchasworkandpersonnelsystems,aswellasthecontentandmethodsofschoolentranceexams.TheycallforfundamentalchangesineducationinChina,inordertoeffecttransformationsineconomicworkandsustainedchangesineducationandtocarryoutthestrategyofrejuvenatingthenationthroughscienceandeducation.Itisarestructuringprojectthatisofvitalimportanceandhasafar-reachinginfluenceontheoverallsituation,involvingpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Theconditionsandtheenvironmenttodayaremuchbetterforfull-fledgedcharactereducation,butthisdoesnotmeanthatalltheproblemshavebeensolved.

3.單選題

Theblackhorseis（）ofthepair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestrongest

B.thestronger

C.thestrong

D.quitestrong

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這匹黑馬更強(qiáng)壯。

語法題。考查比較級(jí)。當(dāng)要特指兩者中“較（更）”時(shí)，比較級(jí)前通常要帶定冠詞，此時(shí)可視為比較級(jí)后省略了有關(guān)的名詞或代詞one，即定冠詞實(shí)為修飾被省略的名詞或代詞one。pair的詞義是“一對(duì)”或“一雙”，即在“兩者”中進(jìn)行比較。因此，此處應(yīng)該使用thestronger。

4.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingthreeunderlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

PassengerjetsofJapan’saircarrierAllNipponAirwaysareseenparkedonthetarmacatTokyoInternationalAirportin2008.TheJapaneseairlineistakingitsweight-savingeffortstonewheights,askingpassengersonsomeofitsflightstovisittherestroombeforeflying.

1.AJapaneseairlineistakingitsweight-savingeffortstonewheights,askingpassengersonsomeofitsflightstovisittherestroombeforeflying.TheunusualrequestisoneofanumberofmeasuresbeingtriedoutbyAllNipponAirwaystoreducefuelconsumption.ANAestimatesthatifhalfitspassengerswenttothebathroombeforeboarding,itcouldreduceitscarbondioxideemissionsby4.2tonsamonth,saidcompanyspokeswomanMegumiTezuka.

2.Theairlinewillalsorecyclepapercupsandplasticbottles,andusechopsticksproducedfromwoodfromforestthinningprojects,aspartofitseffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Themeasuresarebeingtrialedon38domesticflightsandfourinternationalflights—ontheTokyo-Singaporeroute—duringOctober.

3.Themovefollowsearlierstepsbyairlinestoreducetheweightofflightsbytrimmingthesizeofin-flightmagazines,slimmingthehandlesofforksandspoonsandusinglighterdrinktrolleysandporcelain.ANAannouncedinAprilitsfirstannuallossinsixyearsastheglobaleconomicdownturnreducedthenumberofpeopletakingtotheskies.

Itisnottheonlyairlinelookingtothelavatorytosavemoney.IrishbudgetairlineRyanairhaspreviouslysaiditisconsideringchargingpassengerstouseon-boardtoilets.

【答案】1.日本一家航空公司誓將飛機(jī)“減負(fù)”進(jìn)行到底，要求其部分航班的乘客在登機(jī)前上廁所。

2.作為其環(huán)保措施的一部分，該航空公司還將回收紙杯和塑料瓶，并將使用由森林撫育間伐項(xiàng)目所產(chǎn)木材制成的筷子。

3.在全日空公司推出這項(xiàng)舉措之前，已有一些航空公司開始為飛機(jī)“減負(fù)”，如減小機(jī)內(nèi)雜志尺寸、為餐叉和勺子手柄“瘦身”，以及采用更輕便的飲料手推車和瓷器等。

5.單選題

1.Theprogrammeaimstomakethecountry（

）infoodandtocutenergyimports.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.self-confident

B.self-sufficient

C.self-satisfied

D.self-restrained

【答案】B

【解析】題干中cutenergyimports“減少能源進(jìn)口”可推斷出前文是在糧食上自給自足，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。self-sufficient“自給自足的”；self-confident“自信的”；self-satisfied“自滿的”；self-restrained“自我克制的”。

6.單選題

GeorgeGallup,Jr.,themanwhomakesand（

）hisreputation（

）knowingwhatAmericansthink,hasbroughtallhispollingstrategiestogethertoidentifyandanalyzewhathecallsfutureforces.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.challenges...on

B.stakes...on

C.hazards...to

D.bets...to

【答案】B

【解析】challenge…on在……方面挑戰(zhàn)；stake…on把賭注押在……上面；hazard...to對(duì)……有危險(xiǎn)；bet不與to搭配。句意：GeorgeGallup，Jr.這個(gè)把自己的名譽(yù)押在知曉美國(guó)人想法上的人，將所有的投票策略集中到一起，以確定和分析他所說的未來力量。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Ifthiskindoffishbecomes（

）,futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.minimum

B.short

C.seldom

D.scarce

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。minimum最小的；short短的；seldom很少，不常；scarce缺乏的，不足的。

句意：如果這種魚變得稀缺，未來的幾代人可能再也嘗不到它的味道了。選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

8.單選題

Whenbreadpricesrose,Vladkhleb,abakery,askedthekraiandcityforhelpinholdingdownprices.Hereisaletteritwrote,publishedintheVladivostokTimesSept.9,2007

DearResidentsofVladivostok:

ThestaffandBoardofDirectorsofVladkhlebcan’tkeepsilentinthecurrentwildsituationwhenpricesforallexistingproductsareskyrocketingunbelievably.Andwhilewesomewhatindifferentlywatchenormousfiguresonpricetagsfordelicacyproducts,everykopeckofextrachargeforthestaplescausesarealpanic.Weperfectlyrealizethat,andthat’swhywehavekeptbreadpricesaffordableforallthistime.Evenaftertheriseofpriceswehavetriedtokeepthepastpricesforaslongaspossible.

Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.Tobuywhatweneedatreasonablepricesisvirtuallyimpossibletoday.

However,wecannottemporize.Weallneedbreadeveryday,whichmeanswewillbeforcedtobuyeverythingweneedatmuchhigherprices.Whatthismeansperhapsdoesn’tneedtobeexplained.

Thecostofbreadcloselydependsoningredients.Anotherfinancialcrisishasledtoa50%－300%increaseofpricesforbutler,vegetableoil,alltypesofmargarine,yeastandotherasofSeptember1.Allthesepricescontinuetogroweveryhour.

Becauseofthis,Vladkhlebcametothecriticalpointwhereitisnecessarytoraisepricesofitsproducts.Otherwise,wewilljustdestroyamostpowerfulbreadenterprise.ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.

Oureconomistsprojectedthesituationforthenearfutureconsideringthegrowingflourcost.Withthecostofflourat2.18rublesperkilogramatthestartofSeptember,theretailbreadpricewastobe4.36rubles.Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.

Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts.Isthereanotherwayout?Yes.Itisalreadyputintopracticebyleadersofothercitiesandregions.Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.Therewerenoobjections.SodidKhabarovsk―theretheypaysubsidiesforbreadbakingingredients.

Incidentally,thecityandkraiadministrationsalreadyhavetheexperienceofsupportingourplants.Ratherthanartificiallyholdingbackprices,theyemployedloansandwaiversandthelike.Atthispointallthecityandkraiofficesofauthorityaswellasdeputiesatalllevelscouldconsiderourpropositionssuchas:

Grantingwaiversontaxestokraiandcitybudgets;

Establishinglowerpricesforelectricandthermalenergyforaprogramofbreadproduction;

Facilitatinginreceptionofcustomsdutyandtaxwaiversfromthefederalgovernmentforimportedgrain;

RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts;

Loweringrentforpremisesandplots.

AnyofthesepossiblemeasureswillhelpVladkhlebcontainthegrowthofpricesforitsproducts.DespiteofourSOSsignal,nomeasureshavebeentakenasyet.Wehavefoundourselvesinthesamesituationasanyofyou.Weseethesituationchangingsteadilyfortheworse.Wewillnotcopewiththatalone.

Weseeonerecourse:Raisethebreadpriceminimallyandcancelourfreeplasticbagservice.Butwhatisnext?Thisistheconcernofallthe700employeesandtheboardofVladkhleb.

Everyextrakopeckinthecostofbreadupsetsyouandusverymuch.Makingoursincereapologiesforaforcedincreaseofthebreadprice,wehopeforyourunderstandingandsupport.Todayandtomorrowwearewithyou,asusual.

TheStaffandBoardofVladkhleb

1.InthisopenletterVladkhlebexplainstothepeopleofVladivostokthat（）.

2.Apossiblesolutiontothecrisis,Vladkhlebsuggestsis（）.

3.“Soitturnsoutthatbreadmayrankwithdelicacyproducts,”means（）.

4.Vladkhlebhasdecidednottoshutdownbecause,theysay,（）.

5.OneofVladkhlebpropositionstothelocalauthorities“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”Means（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theycannolongersupplybread

B.thepriceofbreadwilltreble

C.allreservesofbread-makingingredientshavebeendepleted

D.itwillhavetoclosedown

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.touseingredientsofalowerquality

B.tocuttheworkers’wages

C.tourgepeopletoeatlessbread

D.tohavethebreadpricesubsidizedbytheauthorities

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thatbreadhasbecomemuchtastierinrecentmonths

B.thatbreadhasbecomeasexpensiveascaviar

C.thatbreadhasbecomeanarticlemanypeoplecannolongerafford

D.thatbreadhasbecomemorecrispyinrecentmonths

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theorganizationstillhasalotofoutstandingdebts

B.otherwisethepriceofbreadmaygetoutofhand

C.otherwisethedistributionofbreadmayendupinthehandsofthemafia

D.theiremployeesareloyalandhard-working

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thatthearmystillowesthebakeryalotofmoneyforbreaddeliveredinthepast

B.thatVladkhlebstillowesalotofmoneytothearmyforingredientsthatitsuppliedinthepast

C.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldaskformorefundsfromMoscowwhichwouldotherwiseendupwiththePacificFleet

D.thatthelocalauthoritiesshouldpaybackthedebtimmediately

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第四段“Atthemomentallourreservesareexhausted.Stocksofbread-bakingingredientssuchasflour,sugar,butterandthelikearerunningout.”中文翻譯為：此刻，我們所有的儲(chǔ)備已用完。諸如面粉、糖、黃油和類似的面包烘焙原料正在耗盡。因此C選項(xiàng)“所有面包制作的原料已經(jīng)被耗盡”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第九段“Forexample,MoscowMayorYuryLuzhkovusedthepressintheveryfirstdaysofthecrisistotelltheresidentsthathehaddecidedtosubsidizethebreadindustrysothatnottoallowpricesforthistypeoffoodtorise.”中文翻譯為：例如，莫斯科市長(zhǎng)YuryLuzhkov在危機(jī)出現(xiàn)的頭幾天里通過新聞界告訴居民，他已決定補(bǔ)助面包行業(yè)，以便不讓這類食品的價(jià)格上漲。對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)“讓面包價(jià)格受到政府補(bǔ)助”。因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第八段“Withanincreaseofflourcostto4rublesperkilogram,breadpricewillgrowto6.17rubles.Furthergrowthwillbepossible.”中文翻譯為：隨著面粉價(jià)格上漲至每公斤4盧布，面包的價(jià)格將上漲至6.17盧布。進(jìn)一步的價(jià)格上漲將是可能的。可知答案為C項(xiàng)“面包已變成一種很多人不再能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的商品”。

4.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第七段“ShouldVladkhlebshutdown,thebreadpricewillgetoutofhand.”中文翻譯為：如果Vladkhleb面包店停業(yè)，那么面包價(jià)格將失去控制。因此B項(xiàng)“否則，面包價(jià)格可能失去控制”正確。

5.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文倒數(shù)第五段“RecoveryofPacificFleet’sdebtsintheamountof6millionrubles(calculatedasofAugust2007)forsuppliedproducts.”中文翻譯為：收回太平洋艦隊(duì)因產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)欠的六百萬盧布債務(wù)（計(jì)算截止時(shí)間為2007年8月）。因此可知答案為C“當(dāng)?shù)卣畱?yīng)該向莫斯科要求更多資金，否則，最終要求莫斯科支付太平洋艦隊(duì)所欠當(dāng)?shù)卣膫鶆?wù)”。

9.單選題

Organisedvolunteeringandworkexperiencehaslongbeenavitalcompaniontouniversitydegreecourses.Usuallyitisleftto（1）todeducethepotentialfromalistofextracurricularadventuresonagraduate'sresume,（2）nowtheUniversityofBristolhaslaunchedanawardtoformalisetheachievementsofstudentswho（3）timetoactivitiesoutsidetheircourses.BristolPLuSaimstobooststudentsinanincreasingly（4）jobmarketbyhelpingthemacquireworkandlifeskillsalongside（5）qualifications.

"Ourstudentsareaprettyactivebunch,butwefoundthattheydidn't（6）appreciatethevalueofwhattheydid（7）thelecturehall,"saysJeffGoodman,directorofcareersandemployabilityattheuniversity."Employersaremuchmore（8）thantheyusedtobe.Theyusedtolookfor（9）andsawitaspartoftheirjobtoextractthevalueofanapplicant'sskills.Nowtheywantstudentstobeabletoexplainwhythoseskillsare（10）tothejob."

Studentswhosign（11）fortheawardwillbeexpectedtocomplete50hoursofworkexperienceor（12）work,attendfourworkshopsonemploy-abilityskills,takepartinanintensiveskills-relatedactivity（13）,crucially,writeasummaryoftheskillstheyhavegained.（14）effortswillgainanOutstandingAchievementAward.Thosewho（15）bestonthesportsfieldcantaketheSportingPLuSAwardwhichfostersemployer-friendlysportsaccomplishments.

Theexperiencedoesnothavetobe（16）organised."We'renotjustinterestedineasilyidentifiableskills,"saysGoodman."（17）,onestudenttooktheleadindealingwithadifficultlandlordandso（18）negotiationskills.Wetrytomaketheexperiencerelevanttoindividuallives."

Goodmanhopesthe（19）willenableactivestudentstofillinanygapsintheirexperienceandencouragetheirless-active（20）totakeupactivitiesoutsidetheiracademicareaofwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advisors

B.specialists

C.critics

D.employers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.but

C.unless

D.since

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.divide

B.devote

C.deliver

D.donate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.harmonious

B.competitive

C.resourceful

D.prosperous

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.technical

C.academic

D.interactive

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.dominantly

B.earnestly

C.necessarily

D.gracefully

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.outside

B.along

C.over

D.through

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.generous

B.considerate

C.enlightening

D.demanding

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.initial

C.popularity

D.potential

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.relevant

B.responsive

C.reluctant

D.respective

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.off

C.away

D.up

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.casual

B.elective

C.domestic

D.voluntary

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.or

B.thus

C.so

D.and

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.Occasional

B.Exceptional

C.Informative

D.Relative

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.perform

B.convey

C.circulate

D.formulate

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.roughly

B.randomly

C.formally

D.fortunately

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.Forinstance

B.Inessence

C.Incontrast

D.Ofcourse

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.demonstrated

B.determined

C.operated

D.involved

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.device

B.section

C.scheme

D.distraction

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.attendants

B.agents

C.members

D.peers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)上下文推斷，此處填選項(xiàng)D雇主最符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)上句的Usually推斷，此處應(yīng)該是表轉(zhuǎn)折。

第3題:devotetimetodosth.花費(fèi)（投入）時(shí)間去做某事。

第4題:根據(jù)上文可推斷出就業(yè)市場(chǎng)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第5題:academicqualifications學(xué)歷證書，為固定搭配。

第6題:根據(jù)句意：“我們的學(xué)生非?；钴S，但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們并不一定欣賞課堂之外的活動(dòng)”選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

第7題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)上一段的“activitiesoutsidetheircourses”可推斷出，此處也應(yīng)該為outside。

第8題:根據(jù)句意：“雇主相對(duì)于過去來說要求更加苛刻。”選項(xiàng)D正確。

第9題:根據(jù)第一段可知，雇主過去常常尋找潛力股，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

第10題:relevantto與...相關(guān)，這里是解釋為什么技能與工作相關(guān)。

第11題:考查介詞搭配。signup指注冊(cè)，報(bào)名；這里指報(bào)名參加獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的學(xué)生。signoff停止；signout退出；signaway不是固定搭配。

第12題:voluntarywork指志愿工作。

第13題:根據(jù)上下文可知，此處應(yīng)該為連詞and表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。

第14題:根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)指異常努力將獲得杰出成就獎(jiǎng)。

第15題:performbest表現(xiàn)極好的。句意：那些在運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上表現(xiàn)最好的人可以獲得“運(yùn)動(dòng)加分獎(jiǎng)”。

第16題:根據(jù)句意：這種體驗(yàn)不需要正式的組織，選項(xiàng)C更符合原文。

第17題:forinstance例如，比如。根據(jù)下文可知是對(duì)上一句的舉例說明，選項(xiàng)A正確。

第18題:根據(jù)上下文：“一名學(xué)生帶頭與一位難以相處的房東打交道，因此展現(xiàn)出了談判技巧?！边x項(xiàng)A更恰當(dāng)。

第19題:根據(jù)上下文可知，此處應(yīng)用scheme更恰當(dāng)。句意：Goodman希望這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃能夠讓積極的學(xué)生填補(bǔ)他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中的任何空白。

第20題:根據(jù)句意可知，這里應(yīng)該指同學(xué)。句意：并鼓勵(lì)不那么活躍的同學(xué)在學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域之外開展活動(dòng)。

10.單選題

Povertyandinadequatehealthcaretaketheirtollonthequalityofacommunity’shealth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destruction

B.contribution

C.charge

D.origin

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。toll表示“代價(jià)”；A項(xiàng)destruction“損害，破壞”，B項(xiàng)contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”，C項(xiàng)charge“費(fèi)用”，D項(xiàng)origin“起源，出身”。句意：貧窮和衛(wèi)生保健不足損害了社區(qū)的健康質(zhì)量。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractionwithotherpeopleenjoyablewouldbeimitatedascloselyaspossible,andthemachinewouldappeartobecharming,andeasygoing.Itsinformalconversationalstylewouldmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintonatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.

Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.

Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatpeopleobtainfrominterpersonalfriendships.Themachinewouldparticipateininterestingconversationthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?

2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)（）way.

3.WhichofthefollowingaspectsisNOTmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?

4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris（）inhisattitudetowardsthecomputer.

5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Activeincommuni