考研考博-英語-山東海事職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東海事職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Shewasso（

）fortheknowledgethatshehadtaughtherselfallthecoursesbeforeshewenttocollege.

問題1選項

A.grave

B.greedy

C.anxious

D.worried

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項grave“重大的”；B選項greedy“貪婪的，渴望的”；C選項anxious“焦慮的”；D選項worried“擔(dān)心的”。句意：她是對知識是如此的渴望，以至于她在上大學(xué)之前就自學(xué)了所有的課程。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Thepilotfeltsomething______wrongwiththeenginejustbeforetheplanetookoff.

問題1選項

A.go

B.went

C.wasgoing

D.togo

【答案】A

【解析】考查感官動詞。句意：就在飛機起飛前，飛行員覺得引擎出了問題。feel是感官動詞，后面接動詞原形或ing形式。其他三項動詞形式錯誤。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

Thoughbadlydamagedbyfire,theplacewaseventually（

）toitsoriginalsplendor.

問題1選項

A.repaired

B.renewed

C.restored

D.renovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項repaired“修理”；B選項renewed“恢復(fù)，重新開始”；C選項restored“修復(fù)”；D選項renovated“更新，革新”。句意：盡管被火損害的很嚴(yán)重，這個地方最終（）原來的壯麗。根據(jù)句意，這里的動詞賓語是修飾itsoriginalsplendor“昔日光彩”不是theplace，所以A、D選項不能選；B選項只有及物動詞的含義后面不需要通過介詞帶出賓語，所以答案選C選項。

4.單選題

OscarWildesaidthatworkistherefugeofpeoplewhohavenothingbettertodo.Ifso,Americansarenowamongtheworld'ssaddestrefugees.FactoryworkersintheUnitedStatesareworkinglongerhoursthanatanytimeinthepasthalf-century.Americaonceledtherichworldincuttingtheaverageworkingweek-from70hoursin1850tolessthan40hoursbythe1950s.Itseemednaturalthataspeoplegrewrichertheywouldtradeextrasearningsformoreleisure.Sincethe1970s,however,thehoursclockedupbyAmericanworkershaverisentoanaverageof42thisyearinmanufacturing.

Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:Americansarespendingmoretimeatworkthantheydid20yearsago.Executivesandlawyersboastof80-hourweeks.Onholiday,theyseekoutfaxmachinesandphonesaseagerlyasGermansbagthebestsun-loungers.YetworkingtimeinEuropeandJapancontinuestofall.InGermany'sengineeringindustrytheworkingweekistobetrimmedfrom36to35hoursnextyearMostGermansgetsixweeks’paidannualholiday,eventheJapanesenowtakethreeweeks.Americansstillmakedowithjusttwo.

Germanyrespondstothiscontrastwithitsusualconcernaboutwhetherpeople'saversiontoworkisdamagingitscompetitiveness.YetGermanworkers,liketheJapanese,seemtobeactingsensibly:astheirincomesrise,theycanachieveabetterstandardoflivingwithfewerhoursofwork.ThepuzzleiswhyAmerica,theworld'srichestcountry,seesthingsdifferently.Itisapuzzlewithsinistersocialimplications.Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?

SomeexplanationsforAmerica’stimeatworkfailtostanduptoscrutiny.Oneblamesweaktradeunionsthatleaveworkersopentoexploitation.Areworkersbeingforcedbycost-cuttingfirmstotoilharderjusttokeeptheirjobs?ArecentstudybytwoAmericaneconomists,RichardFreemanandLindaBell,suggestsnot:whenasked,Americansactuallywanttoworklongerhours.MostGermanworkers,incontrast,wouldratherworkless.

Then,whydoAmericanswanttoworkharder?OnereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmanyAmericanshavebeenstagnantorfallingduringthepasttwodecades.Peopleworklongermerelytomaintaintheirlivingstandards.Yetmanyhigherskilledworkers,whohaveenjoyedbigincreasesintheirrealpay,havebeenworkinghardertoo.Also,onereasonfortheslowgrowthofwageshasbeentherapidgrowthinemployment-whichismoreorlesswheretheargumentbegan.

Taxesmayhavesomethingtodowithit.PeoplewhoworkanextrahourinAmericaareallowedtokeepmoreoftheirmoneythanthosewhodothesameinGermany.FallsinmarginaltaxratesinAmericasincethe1970shavemadeitallthemoreprofitabletoworklonger.

Noneoftheseanswersreallyexplainswhythecentury-longdeclineinworkinghourshasgoneintoreverseinAmericabutnotelsewhere(thoughBritainshowsignsoffollowingAmerica’slead).Perhapsculturaldifferences--thelastrefugeofthedefeatedeconomistsareatplay.Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,theirincentivetoworkwouldbeeroded,likelionsrelaxingafterakill.Buthumansaremoresusceptibletoadvertisingthanlions.Perhapsclevermarketinghasensuredthat“basicneeds”--forashowerwithbuilt-inTV,forarocket-propelledcar—expandcontinuously.ShoppingisalreadyoneofAmerica’smostpopularpastimes.Butitrequiresmoney—hencemoreworkandlessleisure.Ortrythis,thetelevisionisnotverygood,andbaseballandhockeykeepbeingwipedoutbystrikes.PerhapsWildewasright.MaybeAmericanshavenothingbettertodo.

1.IntheUnitedStates,workinglongerhoursis（

）.

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichmightbeoneoftheconsequencesofworkinglongerhours?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthecauseofworkinglongerhoursstatedbythewriter?

問題1選項

A.confinedtothemanufacturingindustry

B.atraditionalpracticeinsomesectors

C.prevalentinallsectorsofsociety

D.favoredbytheeconomists

問題2選項

A.Riseinemployees’workingefficiency

B.Riseinthenumberofyoungoffenders

C.Riseinpeople’slivingstandards

D.Riseincompetitiveness

問題3選項

A.Expansionofbasicneeds

B.Culturaldifferences

C.Increaseinrealearnings

D.Advertising

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:...幾項研究表明，制造業(yè)以外也在發(fā)生類似的事情:...”也就是說，除了制造業(yè)，美國其他行業(yè)里工作時間也很長，所以選項C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?父母花在孩子身上的時間更少，他們（孩子）可能會被長時間的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趨勢，這僅僅是個巧合嗎?”由此可知，長時間工作的結(jié)果將會導(dǎo)致青少年犯罪數(shù)量的增加。選項B符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“這些答案都不能真正解釋為什么美國的工作時間長達(dá)一個世紀(jì)的下降趨勢已經(jīng)逆轉(zhuǎn)，而其他地方卻沒有(盡管英國有跡象表明正在步美國的后塵)。也許文化差異——失敗經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的最后避難所——正在發(fā)揮作用。”這里提到文化差異的問題，但這并不是美國人長時間工作的原因。下文提到“Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,...經(jīng)濟學(xué)家過去認(rèn)為，一旦工人掙到足夠的錢來滿足他們的基本需求和一些奢侈品...”由此可知，真正的原因是為了擴大基本需求，所以選項A正確。

5.填空題

YouandIdon’tneedanyoneelse’sassistance.Wecansolvetheseproblemsby（

）.

句意:我和你都不需要其它任何人的幫助。我們靠我們自己可以解決問題。

【答案】ourselves

【解析】固定搭配。byourselves依靠自己獨立完成。

6.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問題1選項

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。revive“復(fù)興；蘇醒”；persist“堅持”；intensify“增強，變激烈”；flag“減退”。句意：幾個月后，盡管Johnson和Smith對律師事務(wù)所中那些運用手段圖謀權(quán)力的人的最初著迷減退了，但是這兩個人對于確定誰應(yīng)該是他們的午餐伙伴的問題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與initialfascination形成對比，故D項“減退”正確。

7.單選題

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet,eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax,asatellitefromtheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite’scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshuttlein1984.max’sobservationsindicatethatsolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.Thesatellite’sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent,smallvariationintheSun’senergyoutput,generallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsontheSun’sdisk.SunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun'ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargesunspotgroups.In1980,forexample,SolarMax’sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timesthantheEarth'ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed,however,bycomparingSolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whyisitnotpossibletomeasurethesolarconstantaccuratelywithoutasatellite?

2.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

3.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（

）.

4.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

問題1選項

A.TheEarthistoofarfromtheSun.

B.SomeareasonEarthreceivemoresolarenergythanothers.

C.Thereisnotenoughsunlightduringtheday.

D.TheEarth’satmosphereinterfereswiththesunlight.

問題2選項

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax'sinstrumentsweregettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolarMax’sdetectors.

問題3選項

A.ongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

問題4選項

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth'satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到“Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.大氣中的氣體分子和塵埃粒子吸收和散射陽光，阻止某些波長的光到達(dá)地面?！笨芍狣項“地球的大氣層干擾陽光。”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由本文的最后一段，“AlthoughSolarMax'sdatahaveindicatedaslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput,somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadropinthesolarconstant.盡管SolarMax的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，太陽的產(chǎn)出在緩慢而穩(wěn)定地下降，但一些科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，隨著時間的推移，衛(wèi)星上老化的探測器可能變得不那么敏感，從而錯誤地顯示出太陽常數(shù)的下降?！毙l(wèi)星探測器由于歷經(jīng)時間較長，對太陽常數(shù)的敏感度有所下降。可知C項“SolarMax的探測器變老舊了”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段第一句“Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.太陽常數(shù)的長期變化更難確定。”可知對太陽常數(shù)測量的嘗試被認(rèn)為是持續(xù)的一種研究過程，因此科研人員想要測量太陽常數(shù)的努力還需要繼續(xù)。A項符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。本篇文章作者主要闡述的是在科學(xué)家研發(fā)出太陽衛(wèi)星后，可以對太陽常數(shù)的恒量測出比較精確的值，但是測量的過程中有其他外界因素的干擾，從而導(dǎo)致測量結(jié)果不是那么準(zhǔn)確?？芍狢項“測量太陽常數(shù)的變化”正確。

8.單選題

Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind,butthereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon:anIranambitiousfornukes.

Aug.16issue—whocouldhaveimaginedthatalliancemanagementwouldbeahotelectionissueinAmerica?Butitis.JohnKerry’srepeatedpledgetorestorerelationswithAmerica’sallieshasstruckachord.Thetroubleis,ifheiselectedpresident,Kerryisgoingtofindthatpromisehardtokeep—atleastwithAmerica’salliesinEurope.MostofthemwouldbedelightedtoseeKerrywin,butthatdoesn'tmeantheywillbemorecooperativeonpolicyissues.Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind,butthereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon.EarlyintoaKerryadministration,wecouldseeafamiliarsight—atransatlanticcrisis—exceptthistimeitwouldn’tbeoverIraqbutIran.

ThethreattoAmericafromIraqiweaponsofmassdestruction,iftheyeverexisted,isinthepast.Iran,ontheotherhand,istheproblemofthefuture.Overthelasttwoyears,thankstotipsfromIranianoppositiongroupsandinvestigationsbytheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency,ithasbecomeclearthatIranisseekingtodevelopnuclearweapons.Inthewordsoftheagency,Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle.”whichleadsmostexpertstobelieveitistwotothreeyearsawayfromhavinganuclearbomb.

EuropeancountrieswereasworriedbythisdevelopmentasWashingtonand,sincetheUnitedStateshasnorelationswithIran,EuropesteppedinlastfallandnegotiatedadealwithIran.ItwasanexcellentagreementinwhichIranpledgedtostopdevelopingfissilematerial(thecoreingredientofanuclearbombandtokeepitsnuclearprogramtransparent.Theonlyproblemis.Iranhasrecentlyannouncedthatitisn’tgoingtoabidebythedeal.AstheIAEA’sinvestigationgotmoreserious.Tehrangotmoresecretive.OnemonthagotheagencycondemnedIranforitsfailuretocooperate.Tehranrespondedbyannouncingthatitwouldresumeworkinprohibitedareas.

That’swherethingsstandnow,withtheclocktickingfast.IfIranweretogonuclear,itwouldhavedramaticeffects.Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialsinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.AnditwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.SaudiArabiaandEgyptwouldfeelthreatenedbyIran’sbombandwouldstarttheirownsearchfornucleartechnology.(SaudiArabiaprobablycouldnotmakeabombbutitcouldcertainlybuynecessarytechnologyfromacountrylikePakistan.Infact,wedon’treallyknowallofthebuyerswhopatronizedPakistaniscientistA.Q.Khan’snuclearsupermarket.It’squitepossibleSaudiArabiaalreadyhasafewelementsofsuchaprogram.)AndthenthereisIsrael,whichhaslongseenIranasitsgreatestthreat.ItisunlikelytositpassivelywhileIrandevelopsanuclearbomb.ThepowerfulIranianpoliticianAliRafsanjanihaspubliclyspeculatedaboutanuclearexchangewithIsrael.IfIran’sprogramwentforward,atsomepointIsraelwouldalmostcertainlytrytodestroyitusingairstrikes,asitdidIraq’sreactorinOsirik.Suchanactionwould,ofcourse,createamassivepoliticalcrisisintheregion.

Inthefaceofthesestarkdangers,Europeseemsremarkablypassive.Havingburstintoactionlastfall,itdoesnotseemtoknowwhattodonowthatIranhasrebuffeditsefforts.Itisurgingnegotiationsagain,whichisfine.ButwhatwillittellIraninthesenegotiations?Whatisthethreatthatitiswillingtowield?

LastmonththeBrookingsInstitutionconductedascenariowithmostlyformerAmericanandEuropeanofficials.Init,Iranactuallyacquiresfissilematerial.Evenfacingtheimminentproductionofanuclearbomb,Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasuresliketheuseofforceortoughsanctions.JamesSteinberg,aseniorClintonofficialwhoorganizedthisworkshop,saidthathewas“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes.”MadeleineAlbright,whoregularlyconvenesadiscussiongroupofformerforeignministers,saidthatonthistopic.“EuropeanssaytheyunderstandthethreatbutthenactasiftherealproblemisnotIranbuttheUnitedStates.”

AmericanpolicytowardIranishardlyblameless.WashingtonrefuseseventoconsiderthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran,letaloneactualrelations.EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan.TheywouldgoalongwithabiggerstickifWashingtonwouldthrowinabiggercarrot:directengagementwithTehran.ThisissomethingTehranhaslongsought,anditcouldbeofferedinreturnforrenouncingitsnuclearambitions.

Butforanyofthistohappen,Europemustbewillingtoplayanactive,assertiverole.ItmuststopviewingitselfmerelyasacriticofAmericanpolicy,butratherseeitselfasapartner,jointlyactingtoreducethedangersofnuclearproliferation.AnditshoulddothisnotasafavortoJohnKerrybutasaresponsibilitytoitsowncitizensandthoseoftheworld.

26.WhatisthefuturethreattoAmericannationalsecurityaccordingtotheauthor?

27.WhichofthefollowinginNOTincludedinthedramaticeffectsifIranweretogonuclear?

28.WhywasJamesSteinberg“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes”?

29.Whatisauthor’sviewpointtowardWashington’sattitudeontheissueofIran’snuclearthreat?

30.Whatistheauthor’sstandontheissue?

問題1選項

A.Iraqiweaponsofmassdestruction.

B.InvestigationsbytheInternationalAtomicAgency.

C.Iranhasanuclearbomb.

D.Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle”.

問題2選項

A.Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.

B.Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.

C.ItwouldaffecttherelationsbetweentheU.N.andtheU.S.

D.ItwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.

問題3選項

A.Terrorisunderstandablyoneveryone’smind.

B.ThedeteriorationofthetransatlanticrelationsfrustratedKerry.

C.Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasures.

D.AmericanpolicytowardIranisblameless.

問題4選項

A.AmericangovernmentshouldhavetalkswithEuropeannations.

B.WashingtonshouldhavedirectengagementwithTehran.

C.GovernmentofU.S.shouldrenounceIran’snuclearambitions.

D.WashingtonshouldbeblamedfornotconsideringthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran.

問題5選項

A.DisapproveAmericans’attitude.

B.ApproveneitherAmericans’attitudenorEuropeans’efforts.

C.UnsatisfiedwithEuropeans’efforts.

D.AmericansandEuropeansshouldmakejointeffortstoreducethedangers.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】26.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“作者認(rèn)為未來威脅美國國家安全的是什么”，可定位到原文第3段第1、2句ThethreattoAmericafromIraqiweaponsofmassdestruction,iftheyeverexisted,isinthepast.Iran,ontheotherhand,istheproblemofthefuture.（伊拉克大規(guī)模殺傷性武器——如果曾經(jīng)存在的話——是美國過去的威脅。另一方面，伊朗是未來的問題。）由此可知，作者認(rèn)為未來美國國家安全的威脅來自伊朗，A選項“伊拉克的大規(guī)模殺傷性武器”是過去的問題；B選項“國際原子能機構(gòu)的調(diào)查”未提及，均排除；C選項“伊朗擁有核彈”以及D選項“伊朗擁有‘一個幾乎完整的核燃料循環(huán)前端’”可定位到第3段最后一句Inthewordsoftheagency,Iranhas“apracticallycompletefrontendofanuclearfuelcycle.”whichleadsmostexpertstobelieveitistwotothreeyearsawayfromhavinganuclearbomb.（機構(gòu)的調(diào)查指出，伊朗擁有“一個幾乎完整的核燃料循環(huán)前端”，這使得大多數(shù)專家認(rèn)為，兩到三年內(nèi)伊朗就會擁有核彈。）由此判斷，D選項“伊朗擁有‘一個幾乎完整的核燃料循環(huán)前端’”已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了，而C選項“伊朗擁有核彈”是未來可能會出現(xiàn)的，是未來美國國家安全的威脅。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

27.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干“伊朗走向核武器的巨大影響不包括以下哪項”可定位到第5段第2句IfIranweretogonuclear,itwouldhavedramaticeffects.（伊朗擁有核武器，將會產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。）A選項“它將把核材料交到一個與臭名昭著的組織有聯(lián)系的激進(jìn)政權(quán)手中”，可定位到第5段第3句Itwouldplacenuclearmaterialsinthehandsofaradicalregimethathastiestounsavorygroups.（它將把核材料交到一個與臭名昭著的組織有聯(lián)系的激進(jìn)政權(quán)手中。）兩者表述完全一致，排除；B選項“這將向其他國家發(fā)出信號，即打破核禁忌是可能的”，可定位到第5段第4句Itwouldsignaltoothercountriesthatit’spossibletobreakthenucleartaboo.（這將向其他國家發(fā)出信號，即打破核禁忌是可能的。）兩者表述完全一致，排除；C選項“它將影響聯(lián)合國和歐盟的關(guān)系”，原文并未提及；D選項“它將給中東帶來革命”，可定位到第5段第5句AnditwouldrevolutionizetheMiddleEast.（并且它將給中東帶來革命。）兩者表述完全一致，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

28.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為什么JamesSteinberg對歐洲的態(tài)度深感失望”可定位到第7段第3句JamesSteinberg…saidthathewas“deeplyfrustratedbyEuropeanattitudes.”（JamesSteinberg說“他對歐洲的態(tài)度深感失望”），前一句Europeanswereunwillingtotakeanyrobustmeasuresliketheuseofforceortoughsanctions.（歐洲國家不愿采取任何強硬措施，比如使用武力或嚴(yán)厲制裁。）由此判斷，JamesSteinberg失望的原因是“歐洲國家不愿采取任何強硬措施”，C選項“歐洲國家不愿采取任何強硬措施”與原文表述一致。A選項“每個人心中都有恐懼是可以理解的。”、B選項“大西洋兩岸關(guān)系的惡化讓Kerry感到沮喪?！?、D選項“美國對伊朗的政策是無可指責(zé)的。”都不是歐洲的態(tài)度，并沒有回答問題。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

29.判斷推理題。題干“作者對華盛頓在伊朗核威脅問題上的態(tài)度有何看法”，可定位到原文倒數(shù)第2段第1、2句AmericanpolicytowardIranishardlyblameless.WashingtonrefuseseventoconsiderthepossibilityofdirecttalkswithIran,letaloneactualrelations.（美國對伊朗的政策并非無可指責(zé)。華盛頓甚至拒絕考慮與伊朗直接對話的可能性，更不用說實際關(guān)系了。）由此可知，華盛頓（即美國政府）對伊朗核問題的態(tài)度是拒絕直接對話，而作者認(rèn)為美國的這種政策是hardlyblameless“并非無可指責(zé)”，D選項“華盛頓應(yīng)該受到指責(zé)，因為它沒有考慮與伊朗進(jìn)行直接對話的可能性”與原文表述一致。A選項“美國政府應(yīng)該與歐洲國家談判”與問題無關(guān)；干擾選項B“華盛頓應(yīng)該直接與德黑蘭接觸”，可定位到倒數(shù)第2段第3、4句EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan…ifWashingtonwouldthrowinabiggercarrot:DirectengagementwithTehran.（歐洲國家可以向華盛頓提出一個計劃……如果華盛頓能拋出更大的誘惑：直接與德黑蘭聯(lián)系），這是作者為解決伊朗核問題向歐洲國家提出的建議里的內(nèi)容，并不是作者對華盛頓態(tài)度的看法，排除；C選項“美國政府應(yīng)該放棄伊朗的核野心”與問題無關(guān)，且選項本身邏輯不能自洽，美國政府無法放棄伊朗的核野心，只有伊朗政府自己可以，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

30.觀點態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者在這個問題上的觀點”，根據(jù)本文開頭第1句thereisyetanothergrowingdangeroverthehorizon:anIranambitiousfornukes（還有另一個日益增長的危險正在逼近：伊朗的核武器野心），并通觀全文可知，thisissue“這個問題”指的是“伊朗核問題”，根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后兩段。倒數(shù)第二段EuropeanscouldpresentWashingtonwithaplan（歐洲國家可以向華盛頓提出一個計劃），接著講華盛頓應(yīng)該怎么做；最后一段首句Butforanyofthistohappen,Europemustbewillingtoplayanactive,assertiverole（但要實現(xiàn)這一切，歐洲必須愿意扮演積極、自信的角色），接著講歐洲具體該怎么做。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為美國和歐洲應(yīng)該聯(lián)合起來，D選項“美國和歐洲應(yīng)共同努力來減少危險”最符合作者的觀點。A選項“不同意美國的態(tài)度”、B選項“既不贊同美國人的態(tài)度，也不贊同歐洲人的努力”、C選項“不滿意歐洲的努力”都不是作者對“伊朗核問題”的看法，而是對其他國家關(guān)于“伊朗核問題”的態(tài)度或做法的評價。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

9.單選題

ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenapreviousrecordorperformanceissurpassed.

問題1選項

A.exceededt

B.matchedt

C.maintainedt

D.announced

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。surpass表示“超越，勝過”；A項exceed“超過”，B項match“相配，比得上”，C項maintain“維持，主張”，D項announce“宣布”。句意：在奧運會上，當(dāng)以前的記錄或成績被超越時，總是令人激動不已。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項正確。

10.單選題

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管大多數(shù)鳥幾乎沒什么嗅覺，但它們的視力卻很敏銳。

考查形容詞辨析。vigorous精力充沛的;exact準(zhǔn)確的，精確的；acute嚴(yán)重的，敏銳的；vivid生動的，鮮明的。根據(jù)前半句句意“盡管大多數(shù)鳥幾乎沒什么嗅覺”可知這里在對比鳥的嗅覺跟視覺，故C項符合句意。

11.單選題

Thegovernmentistryingto（

）thepeopleintothinkingthatawarisnecessary.

問題1選項

A.enlighten

B.involve

C.orient

D.brainwash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。brainwash…into“把思想強行灌輸給……，強迫……相信”。句意：政府正試圖給人洗腦讓人們相信戰(zhàn)爭是必要的。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

問題2選項

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

問題3選項

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

問題4選項

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

問題5選項

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“在作者的國家，哪類人受益于經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展？”文章第四段最后一句話提到“所有人都在新經(jīng)濟中發(fā)展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此選項D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“這篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各種各樣的人都在新經(jīng)濟中蓬勃發(fā)展，有足夠的證據(jù)表明大多數(shù)人仍然想要獲得發(fā)財機會”（AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring），由此可知“不一定對窮人有害”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“下列哪個表述是正確的？”文章第五段提到“非技術(shù)勞動力的償付水平與以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），選項B“非技術(shù)人員傾向貧窮”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為收入差距將……”。文章第三段第一句話提到“收入差距是驅(qū)動經(jīng)濟引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以選項C“一直存在”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到變得富有并