考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

“Warishell,”saidGeneralSherman,acommanderintheAmericanCivilWar.Thisstatementaccuratelydescribesthebloodycampaignthathewaged.Yetitwasthiswarwhichmarkedthebeginningofthemodernlawsofwarfare.AttheendoftheCivilWarin1865HenryWirz,aformerconfederateofficer,wastriedandconvictedforill-treatingandmurderingprisoners.

Therehadbeenrulesbefore,butthiswarsawtheintroductionofaformalandcomprehensivecodetoguidetroopsinthefield.Theseideashavebeenprogressivelyrefined,firstinTheHagueConventionsof1899and1907,andthenintheGenevaConventionsof1949and1977.

Armieshaveoftenadoptedproceduresforthepunishmentofwarcriminals.Initially,theyweredesignedtodisciplinesoldiersandweremostlyconductedbytheauthoritiesofthestatetowhichtheoffendersbelonged.However,towardstheendoftheSecondWorldWar,itbecameclearthattheoutragescommittedbytheNaziregimeinGermany—suchastheHolocaust,inwhichanestimatedsixmillionJewswerekilled—andbytheJapaneseweresogreatthatthoseresponsibleshould,inasense,betriedbyallmankind.Thus,inOctober1943,twoyearsbeforetheendoftheSecondWorldWar,representativesoftheAlliednations,ledbyBritainandtheUnitedStates,metinLondonandestablishedacommissiontoinvestigatesuchoutrages.

Threecategoriesofoffencewereestablished,whichloosely,cametobedefinedas“warcrimes”.Theywere:crimesagainstpeace,suchastheplottingofwaragainstnon-aggressivecountries;violationsofthecustomsandlawsofwar,suchasthemurderofprisoners,hostagesandcivilians;andcrimesagainsthumanity,whichincludeextermination,enslavementandotherinhumaneactscommittedagainstanycivilianpopulation.WiththeGermansdefeated,theAlliedleadersdecidedtotryNazileadersforaseriesofwarcrimes.ThefirstsessionofthehearingtookplaceinBerlininOctober1945.Chargeswerelodgedagainst24formerNazileaders.Theywerechargedwithcrimesagainstpeace,warcrimes,genocide,andthewantondestructionoftownsandcities.

InNovember1945thehearingsweremovedtotheGermantownofNuremberg.Threeofthedefendantswereacquitted;twelveweresentencedtodeath;threeweresentencedtolifeimprisonment;andfourweresentencedtoimprisonmentforbetweentenandtwentyyears.Thedecisionofthetribunalwasunanimous.AsimilartrialwasalsoheldofJapanesewarleadersand25ofthemwereconvictedforcrimescommittedinAsia.

1.GeneralSherman（）.

2.In1943,（）.

3.Warcrimesdoesn’tinclude（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.establishedthemodernlawsofwarfare

B.startedtheAmericanCivilWar

C.wassentencedforill-treatingprisoners

D.becameawarcriminal

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theSecondWorldWarended

B.theNaziregimekilledsixmillionJews

C.theAlliednationsdecidedtoinvestigatetheNazicrimes

D.formallawswereintroducedtodisciplinethesoldiers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.neglectingculturalcustomsofthepeople

B.destroyingpeaceinacountry

C.killinghostages

D.makingtheciviliansslaves

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ModernlawsofwarfarestartedwiththeAmericanCivilWar.

B.GenevaConventionswereheldtopunishtheGermanwarcriminals.

C.AllSecondWorldWarcriminalswerepunishedbythemankind.

D.Thelawsofwarfareweretoprotectcivilians.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThePunishmentofWarCriminals

B.WarCrimesTrials

C.WarisBloody

D.ThePowerofJustice

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。謝爾曼將軍并沒(méi)有建立起法律，而是美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，A錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)并未有提及；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這說(shuō)的是另一個(gè)戰(zhàn)犯HenryWirz，而不是謝爾曼；而D選項(xiàng)可以通過(guò)全文推理得出，因此選D。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段，“representativesoftheAlliednations,ledbyBritainandtheUnitedStates,metinLondonandestablishedacommissiontoinvestigatesuchoutrages.（以英國(guó)和美國(guó)為首的同盟國(guó)代表在倫敦開(kāi)會(huì)，成立了一個(gè)委員會(huì)來(lái)調(diào)查這些暴行。）”可以得到答案為C，他們決定來(lái)調(diào)查納粹的暴行。

第3題:根據(jù)題干定位到第四段，第四段一共介紹了三種“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)犯”：1.危害和平罪行；2.違反戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)習(xí)慣和法律；3.危害人類(lèi)的罪行，其中只有A項(xiàng)沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的解釋?zhuān)虼薃錯(cuò)誤。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)在第一段中就有提及，“thiswarwhichmarkedthebeginningofthemodernlawsofwarfare”，有論據(jù)支持，A保留；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，是無(wú)關(guān)項(xiàng)，全文未提及；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段“Threeofthedefendantswereacquitted”有三位是被判無(wú)罪的；D項(xiàng)文中并未給出明確的解釋。答案為A。

第5題:文章標(biāo)題題。本文的主旨是在圍繞戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的種種進(jìn)行闡述，之后講到了處理戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)犯，以及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)相關(guān)的法例的制定，因此懲罰戰(zhàn)犯也是本文的主題，答案為A。

2.單選題

Hereyoumayselecttheonewhichismosttoyourtaste,andyouareevenallowedto（）thembeforecomingtoadecision.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.auction

B.sample

C.enforce

D.wrap

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。auction“拍賣(mài)，競(jìng)賣(mài)”；sample“品嘗，體驗(yàn)”；enforce“實(shí)施，執(zhí)行，強(qiáng)迫”；wrap“包，纏繞”。句意：在這里你可以選擇最合你口味的，在做決定之前，你甚至可以品嘗他們。由“mosttoyourtaste”可知這里提及的是一種食物，然后可推知在決定購(gòu)買(mǎi)之前可以品嘗。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（

）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)overseas“海外的，國(guó)外的”；B選項(xiàng)abroad“在國(guó)外”；C選項(xiàng)foreign“外國(guó)的，陌生的”;D選項(xiàng)offshore“近海的’；句意是‘主語(yǔ)theideaofhealthinsurance醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)’這個(gè)概念在20世紀(jì)80年代之前對(duì)居民來(lái)說(shuō)是…，C選項(xiàng)符合句意，正確。

4.單選題

MostscholarsagreethatIsaacNewton,whileformulatingthelawsofforceandgravityandinventingthecalculusinthelate1600s,probablyknewallthesciencetherewastoknowatthetime.Intheensuing350yearsanestimated50millionresearchpapersandinnumerablebookshavebeenpublishedinthenaturalsciencesandmathematics.ThemodemhighschoolstudentprobablynowpossessesmorescientificknowledgethanNewtondid.Yetsciencetomanypeopleseemstobeanimpenetrablemountainoffacts.

Onewayscientistshavetriedtocopewiththismountainisbybecomingmoreandmorespecialized.Anotherstrategyforcopingwiththemountainofinformationistolargelyignoreit.Thatshouldn’tcomeasasurprise.Sure,youhavetoknowalottobeascientist,butknowingalotisnotwhatmakesascientist.Whatmakesascientistisignorance.Thismaysoundridiculous,butforscientiststhefactsarejustastartingplace.Inscience,everynewdiscoveryraises10newquestions.

Bythiscalculus,ignorancewillalwaysgrowfastertheknowledge.Scientistsandlaypeoplealikewouldagreethatforallwehavecometoknow,thereisfarmorewedon'tknow.Moreimportant,everydaythereisfarmoreweknowwedon'tknow.Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.Thisgetstotheessenceofwhatscientistsdo-theymakedistinctionsbetweenqualitiesofignorance.Theydoitingrantproposalsandoverbeersatmeetings.AsJamesClerkMaxwell,probablythegreatestphysicistbetweenNewtonandEinstein,said,"Thoroughlyconsciousignoranceisapreludetoeveryrealadvanceinknowledge.

Thisperspectiveonscience-thatitisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers-shouldcomeassomethingofarelief.Itmakessciencelessthreateningandfarmorefriendlyandinfact,fun.Sciencebecomesaseriesofelegantpuzzlesandpuzzleswithinpuzzles-andwhodoesn’tlikepuzzles?Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings.

LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.Butifscientistswouldtalkaboutthequestions,andifthemediareportednotonlyonnewdiscoveriesbutthequestionstheyansweredandthenewpuzzlestheycreated,andifeducatorsstoppedtraffickinginfactsthatarealreadyavailableonWikipedia-thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations.

1.Whichofthefollowingisbestsupportedinthispassage?

2.Whyisitareliefthatscienceisaboutthequestionsmorethantheanswers?

3.Theexpression"takeabackseat"inparagraph5probablymeans（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcerninthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ascientistisamasterofknowledge.

B.Knowledgegeneratesbetterignorance.

C.Ignoranceisasignoflackofeducation.

D.Goodscientistsarethoroughlyignorant.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausepeoplelikesolvingpuzzles.

B.Becausequestionsmakescienceaccessible.

C.Becausetherearemorequestionsthananswers.

D.Becausequestionspointthewaytodeepanswers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.takeabackplace.

B.haveadifferentrole.

C.beofgreaterpriority.

D.becomelessimportant

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theinvolvementofthepublicinscience.

B.Scientists'enjoymentofignorance.

C.Theaccumulationofscientificknowledge.

D.Newton’sstandinginthehistoryofscience.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘以下哪一項(xiàng)在這篇文章中得到了最好的支持？’根據(jù)第三段中“Onecrucialoutcomeofscientificknowledgeistogeneratenewandbetterwaysofbeingignorant-notthekindofignorancethatisassociatedwithalackofcuriosityoreducationbutratheracultivate,high-qualityignorance.科學(xué)知識(shí)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵成果是產(chǎn)生新的、更好的無(wú)知方式——不是那種與缺乏好奇心或教育相關(guān)的無(wú)知，而是一種有教養(yǎng)的、高質(zhì)量的無(wú)知?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)產(chǎn)生更好的無(wú)知”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干：為什么科學(xué)關(guān)注的是問(wèn)題而不是答案？由題干中的question、answer可定位到文章第四段最后一句“Questionsarealsomoreaccessibleandoftenmoreinterestingthananswers;answerstendtobetheendoftheprocess,whereasquestionshaveyouinthethickofthings”，作者認(rèn)為，人們更容易了解問(wèn)題（questionsarealsomoreaccessible）。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘第5段中"takeabackseat”是什么意思？’根據(jù)文章“LatelythissideofsciencehastakenabackseatinthepublicmindtowhatIcalltheaccumulationviewofscience-thatitisapileoffactswaytoobigforustoeverhopetoconquer.最近，科學(xué)的這一面在公眾心目中……，我稱(chēng)之為科學(xué)的累積觀點(diǎn)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，這一堆事實(shí)太多而永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法企盼征服。”以及根據(jù)文章最后一句話(huà)中“apubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventure一位公眾再次參與了這場(chǎng)偉大的冒險(xiǎn)”可知此處表示公眾對(duì)科學(xué)的對(duì)比態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)“變得不那么重要了”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干：作者在這篇文章中最關(guān)心的是什么？全文講的是科學(xué)與大眾的關(guān)系，文章最后總結(jié)道“thenwemightfindapubliconceagainengagedinthisgreatadventurethathasbeengoingonforthepast15generations”，作者關(guān)注的是讓大眾參與到科學(xué)中來(lái)。因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

5.單選題

Inourgreatsocialistcountry,millionsofordinarymenandwomenareworkingselflesslyto（）povertyandbackwardness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.figureout

B.wipeout

C.carryout

D.takeout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)figureout“理解，算出”；B選項(xiàng)wipeout“消滅，消除”；C選項(xiàng)carryout“實(shí)行”；D選項(xiàng)takeout“拿走，去掉”。句意：在我們偉大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家里，千百萬(wàn)普通男女正在為消除貧窮落后而無(wú)私地工作著。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Suchanapproachforcesthemanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps（

）rigiddepartmentalboundaries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.passover

B.standfor

C.breakdown

D.setoff

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。passover“越過(guò)，忽略”；standfor“代表，支持”；breakdown“分解；消除；失?。话l(fā)生故障”；setoff“出發(fā)，引起”。句意：這種方法迫使經(jīng)理們相互交流，幫助他們消除嚴(yán)格的部門(mén)界限。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

IwilltellTomheisanadoptedchild,butIwilldoitinduecourse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atpropertime

B.ofcourse

C.inmyownway

D.soonerorlater

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。induecourse表示“在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，及時(shí)”；A項(xiàng)atpropertime“在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，B項(xiàng)ofcourse“當(dāng)然”，C項(xiàng)inmyownway“以我自己的方式”，D項(xiàng)soonerorlater“遲早，早晚”。句意：我會(huì)告訴湯姆他是收養(yǎng)的孩子，但我會(huì)在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候告訴他。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thepovertylineistheminimumincomethatpeopleneedforanacceptablestandardofliving.Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.Economistsstudythecausesofpovertyinordertofindsolutionstotheproblem.

Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.However,ifthesepeoplehadstablejobs,theycouldhaveanacceptablestandardofliving.Economistssuggestseveralreasonswhypoorpeopledonothavejobs.

Foronething,morethanhalfofthepoorpeopleintheUnitedStatesarenotqualifiedtowork.Over40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Bylaw,childrenlessthan16yearsoldcannotworkinmanyindustries.Alargenumberofpoorpeopleareold.Manycompaniesdonothirepeopleover65yearsold,thenormalretirementage.

Somepooradultsdonotlookforjobsforavarietyofpersonalreasons:theyaresick,theydonothaveanymotivation,theyhavefamilyproblems,ortheydonotbelievethattheycanfindajob.

Otherpoorpeoplelookforajobbutcannotfindone.Manypooradultsneverwenttohighschool.Therefore,whentheylookforjobs,theyhavefewskillsthattheycanoffer.

Atthepresenttime,thegovernmentthinksitcanreducepovertyinthecountryinthefollowingways.

First,ifthenationaleconomygrows,businessesandindustrieshiremoreworkers.Someofthepoorwhoarequalifiedtolookforjobsmayfindemployment.Thentheywillnolongerbebelowthepovertyline.

Second,ifsocietyinvestsinthepoor,thepoorwillbecomemoreproductive.Ifthegovernmentspendsmoneyonsocialprograms,education,andtrainingforpoorpeople,thepoorwillhavetheskillstooffer.Thenitismorelikelythattheycanfindjobs.

Finally,ifthegovernmentdistributessociety’sincomedifferently,itraisessomepoorpeopleabovethepovertyline.Thegovernmentcollectstaxesfromthenon-poorandgivesmoneytothepoor.Thesepaymentstothepoorarecalledwelfare.In1975over18millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesreceivedwelfare.

Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.

1.Theauthor'smainpurposetowritethisarticleis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Morethan40percentofthepoorpeoplearechildren.Thisismainlybecause（）.

4.MostoftheAmericanpoorpeoplearenotqualifiedforemploymentbecause（）.

5.Wemayconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.todefine(下定義)whatthepovertylineis

B.toexplainwhysomepeoplelivethepovertyline

C.tofindsolutionstotheproblemofpoverty

D.toshowsympathyforthosepoorpeople

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TenpercentoftheAmericansliveapoorlife.

B.Poorpeoplearethosewholivebelowthepovertyline.

C.Thepovertylinerisesasthegeneralstandardoflivingrises.

D.Thepovertylinetendstobeatthesamelevel.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theydonothaveenoughmotivation

B.theyaresoyoungthattheydon’thavetherighttowork

C.theyfailtogetenougheducation

D.theyareverypoorinhealth

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theydonothaveanymotivationtowork

B.theyarenotveryself-confident

C.theyaretooyoungortoooldtowork

D.theyhavephysicalandfamilyproblems

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.bettersolutionstothepovertyproblemarenotyetfound

B.welfarewillenablethemtoberich

C.poorpeoplearesuretogooutofthepovertylineiftheyhavechancestodobusiness

D.employmentisthebestsolutiontothepovertyproblem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.作者意圖題。原文首段最后一句和尾段的首句均有提及“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們正在尋找更好的解決貧困問(wèn)題的辦法”，由此可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的主要目的是為了尋找解決貧困問(wèn)題的方法。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的一、二句“Asthegeneralstandardoflivinginthecountryrises,thepovertylinedoes,too.Therefore,evenwithtoday'srelativelyhighstandardofliving,about10percentofthepeopleintheUnitedStatesarebelowthepovertyline.隨著這個(gè)國(guó)家的總體生活水平提高，貧困線(xiàn)也在提高。因此，即使在今天生活水平相對(duì)較高的情況下，仍有大約10%的美國(guó)人生活在貧困線(xiàn)以下?！笨芍?，選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C符合原文；再根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Peoplewithincomesbelowthepovertylineareconsideredpoor.收入低于貧困線(xiàn)的人被認(rèn)為是窮人。”可知，選項(xiàng)B符合原文；只有選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有信息提及。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。原文第三段的前半部分提及“一方面，美國(guó)一半以上的窮人沒(méi)有資格工作。40%以上的窮人是兒童。根據(jù)法律規(guī)定，不滿(mǎn)16歲的兒童在許多行業(yè)都不能工作?！庇纱丝芍?，最主要的原因是這些兒童太小，沒(méi)有工作的權(quán)利，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，美國(guó)大部分的窮人都沒(méi)有工作，是因?yàn)檫@些人不是老人就是小孩，沒(méi)有工作的能力，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的內(nèi)容“Someeconomistsarelookingforbettersolutionstothepovertyproblem.However,atthepresenttime,manypeopledependonwelfareforaminimallyacceptablestandardofliving.一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家正在尋找更好的解決貧困問(wèn)題的辦法。然而，目前許多人依靠福利來(lái)維持最低限度的可接受的生活水平。”由此可知，貧困問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有找到更好的解決辦法，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

9.單選題

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.

1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun（

）.

3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.

B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.

C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.

D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarf

B.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyears

C.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightness

D.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.

B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.

C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.

B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.

C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.

D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alarmed

B.Pessimistic

C.Comic

D.Objective

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句話(huà)是文章的中心句，提到“通過(guò)研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家可以預(yù)測(cè)太陽(yáng)系其他部分的樣子”（Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike），由此可知選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“從文章可推斷出太陽(yáng)……”。文章第一段提到太陽(yáng)以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個(gè)黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過(guò)研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過(guò)50億年太陽(yáng)將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽(yáng)將變成一個(gè)巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時(shí)，太陽(yáng)會(huì)繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個(gè)白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球。由此可知，現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)的時(shí)間差不多是太陽(yáng)生命的一半，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“當(dāng)太陽(yáng)變成紅色星球，地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的溫度會(huì)很熱，生命無(wú)法生存”（Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist），選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，關(guān)于太陽(yáng)發(fā)展的各個(gè)階段，下列哪個(gè)是正確的”。文章第一段提到太陽(yáng)以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)（一個(gè)黃色的矮星球）存在了46億年（Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears）；第二段提到通過(guò)研究其他恒星，天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，再過(guò)50億年太陽(yáng)將縮小并且變得更熱，太陽(yáng)將變成一個(gè)巨大的紅色星球（aredgiantstar），當(dāng)能量用盡時(shí)，太陽(yáng)會(huì)繼續(xù)縮小，變成一個(gè)白色的矮星球，接著變成黑色的矮星球，由此可知正確的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章的基調(diào)是什么”。文章從頭到尾都是以非常客觀的態(tài)度來(lái)描述天文學(xué)家對(duì)太陽(yáng)發(fā)展的預(yù)測(cè)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。Alarmed“擔(dān)憂(yōu)的”；pessimistic“悲觀的”；comic“滑稽的”；objective“客觀的”。

10.單選題

Themostfamiliarheadachecomesfrom（

）tightnessintheback,headandneck,whichmightbecausedinturnbyexertion,orworryorstress.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.monopoly

B.muscle

C.murmur

D.monster

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最常見(jiàn)的頭痛來(lái)自于后背、頭部和脖子處的肌肉緊張，這些可能是由過(guò)度工作、擔(dān)憂(yōu)和壓力造成的。Monopoly“壟斷”；muscle“肌肉”；murmur“低語(yǔ)”；monster“怪物”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.單選題

Wehopethestudentswould（

）theinformationcontainedinthelecture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.associate

B.understand

C.assimilate

D.assess

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。associate意為“聯(lián)系”；understand意為“理解”；assimilate意為“吸收，消化”；assess意為“評(píng)定”。

句意：我們希望學(xué)生們能掌握講座中保護(hù)的信息。

12.單選題

Idon’tknowwhatallthe（

）wasabout―itwasadullsortofafilmandtherewasalmostnosexinit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.controversy

B.conversation

C.discussion

D.illumination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。controversy“爭(zhēng)論，論戰(zhàn)，辯論”；conversation“交談，會(huì)話(huà)，社交”；discussion“討論，議論”；illumination“闡明”。根據(jù)空格后面的dull,nosex可以推斷空格處是“沒(méi)什么好爭(zhēng)論的”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Canyoufind（）atthehotelforthenight?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lodgings

B.accommodations

C.places

D.houses

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。lodging“寄宿”；accommodation“住處，膳宿”；place“地方”；house“住宅，家庭”。句意：你今晚能在酒店找到地方住嗎？B項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

It（

）howunleashingdomesticdemandinsurpluscountriescansupportstrongglobalgrowthasdeficitcountriesincreasesavingsandrepairbalancesheetsdamagedbythecrisis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.setson

B.setsin

C.setsover

D.setsout

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析。set...on“使……襲擊”；setin“到來(lái)；開(kāi)始”；setover“置于…上，指派…管理，移交”；setout“出發(fā)，開(kāi)始，陳述”。句意：它闡述了在赤字國(guó)家增加儲(chǔ)蓄、修復(fù)因危機(jī)而受損的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表之際，盈余國(guó)家釋放內(nèi)需如何支撐強(qiáng)勁的全球增長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.翻譯題

WhatIwishforallstudentsissomereleasefromthegrimgripofthefuture.Iwishthemachancetoenjoyeachsegmentoftheireducationasanexperienceinitselfandnotasatiresomerequirementinpreparationforthenextstep.Iwishthemtherighttoexperiment,totripandfall,tolearnthatdefeatisaseducationalasvictoryandisnottheendoftheworld.

Mywish,ofcourse,isnative.OneofthefewrightsthatAmericadoesnotproclaimistherighttofail.Achievementisthenationalgod,worshippedinourmedia—themillion-dollarathlete,thewealthyexecutiveandglorifiedinourpraiseofpossessions.Inthepresenceofsuchapotentstatereligion,theyoungaregrowingupold.

【答案】我希望所有的學(xué)生稍微擺脫未來(lái)的無(wú)情控制。我希望他們有機(jī)會(huì)把自己每一階段的教育純粹當(dāng)成一種經(jīng)歷來(lái)享受，而不是作為一種為下一步做準(zhǔn)備的令人厭倦的需要。我希望他們有權(quán)利去嘗試、跌倒、懂得失敗如同勝利一樣具有教育意義和失敗并不是世界的末日。

當(dāng)然，我的希望是天真的。失敗的權(quán)利是美國(guó)人不贊揚(yáng)的幾個(gè)權(quán)利之一。成就是民族之神，在我們的媒體中受到崇拜——如身價(jià)百萬(wàn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，富有的主管人員一樣——在我們對(duì)財(cái)富的贊美中得到榮耀。年輕人就是在這樣一種強(qiáng)有力的民族信仰熏陶下長(zhǎng)大的。

16.單選題

Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctionalcarryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouse.

Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Inventoriesofcoloniallibrariesshowanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuilders,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Increasingwealthandgrowingsophisticationthroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stone,orbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.AnincreaseduseofbrickinhousedandoutbuildingsisnoticeableinVirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthatmostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,evenincloselypackedCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouse.

Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthesmallleadedglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweremadofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblues,yellows,greens,andleadcolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatwasoneofthemainreasonsforthechangeinarchitecturalstyleineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whowasresponsiblefordesigninghousesineighteenth-centuryNorthAmerica?

4.Thepassageimpliesthattherulesoutlinedinarchitecturalmanualswere（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheuseofwallpaperbefore1730?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theimproveddesignofeighteenth-centurycolonialhouses.

B.Acomparisonofeighteenth-centuryhousesandmodernhouses.

C.Thedecorationsusedineighteenth-centuryhouses.

D.Theroleofcarpentersinbuildingeighteenth-centuryhouses.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Morearchitectsarrivedinthecolonies.

B.Thecolonistsdevelopedaninterestinclassicalarchitecture.

C.Bricksweremorereadilyavailable.

D.Thecolonistshadmoremoneytospendonhousing.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Professionalarchitects

B.Customers

C.Interiordecorators

D.Carpenters

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.generallyignored

B.legallybinding

C.notstrictlyadheredto

D.onlyfollowedbyolderbuilders

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wallpapersamplesappearedinthearchitecturalmanuals.

B.Wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaintsused.

C.Patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused.

D.Wallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouse.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。定位到文章第一段中第二句“Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.”這句轉(zhuǎn)折性的話(huà)語(yǔ)，提出了本文主要討論的問(wèn)題是“18世紀(jì)殖民地房屋設(shè)計(jì)的改進(jìn)”。故正確答案選A。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世紀(jì)發(fā)生變化，根據(jù)第一段最后一句提到“Aswealthincrease,moreandmorecoloniesbuiltfinehouses隨著財(cái)富的增加，越來(lái)越多的殖民者建造比較精美的房屋”，由此可知，因?yàn)橹趁裾叩呢?cái)富增加，他們可以花更多的錢(qián)在建筑房屋上面，所以建筑風(fēng)格發(fā)生了一定的變化。故正確答案選D。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第一句“Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefteithertoamateurdesignersortocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.由于建筑在殖民地還不是一項(xiàng)專(zhuān)門(mén)的職業(yè)，房屋設(shè)計(jì)或者由業(yè)余設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)做，或者由那些承擔(dān)從英國(guó)進(jìn)口的建筑手冊(cè)的翻譯任務(wù)的木匠來(lái)做?！庇纱丝芍?，18世紀(jì)的房屋設(shè)計(jì)主要由木匠來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)。選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段最后一句話(huà)“Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.然而18世紀(jì)的70年代前大多數(shù)家庭建筑都展現(xiàn)了品味上廣泛的不同，以及