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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京中醫(yī)藥大學東方學院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Toomuch()toX-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.

問題1選項

A.disclosure

B.exhibition

C.contact

D.exposure

【答案】D

【解析】詞匯題。

disclosure披露,

揭發(fā);exhibition展覽,

顯示;contact接觸,

聯(lián)系;exposure暴露,

曝光。句意:過度暴露在x射線下會導致皮膚灼傷、癌癥或?qū)ι眢w造成其他傷害。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Inadivorce,themotherusuallyisgranted()ofherchildren.

問題1選項

A.support

B.retention

C.perseverance

D.custody

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項support“支持;供養(yǎng);支持者”;B選項retention“保留;扣留,滯留”;C選項perseverance“堅持不懈;不屈不撓”;D選項custody“保管;監(jiān)護;拘留;撫養(yǎng)權”。句意:在離婚中,母親通常獲得子女的撫養(yǎng)權。由關鍵詞“divorce離婚”可知“撫養(yǎng)權”符合語境,因此D選項正確。

3.填空題

Filleachofthenumberedblanksinthefollowingpassagewithonesuitableword.

Fromthebeginning,waterhasfurnishedmanwithasourceoffoodandahighwaytotravelupon.Thefirstarose(1)waterwasadominantelementintheenvironment,achallenge(2)man'singenuity.TheEgyptiansinventedthe365(3).calendarinresponse(4)theNile'sannualflooding.TheBabylonians,whowereamong(5)mostfamouslaw-makers(6)antiquity,devisededictsregulatingwaterusage.WaterinspiredtheChinese(7)builda1,000milecanal,acomplexsystem(8),afternearly2,500years,(9)stillpartlyinuseandstillcommandstheaweofengineers.Buttheancientsneverfoundcompletesolutions(10)theirwaterproblems.TheHwangHo,orYellowRiverisalsoknown(11)"China'sSorrow";itissoerraticanddangerous(12)inasinglefloodithascausedmilliondeaths.FloodshazardedthegreatcivilizationoftheIndusRivervalley,andinadequatedrainageruinedmuch(13)itslanD.Today(14)dominatesmanasitalwayshas(15).Itspresencecontinuestogovernthelocationofhishomesandcities;itstempestuousvariabilitycankill(16)orhisherdsorhiscrops;itsrouteslinkhimto(17)fellows;itsimmensevaluemayadd(18).alreadydangerouspoliticalconflicts.Therearemanyexamples(19)thisinour(20)time.

【答案】1.where

2.to

3.day

4.to

5.the

6.in

7.to

8.which

9.remains

10.to

11.as

12.that

13.of

14.water

15.done

16.man

17.his

18.his

19.of

20.own

【解析】1.考查狀語從句。此處大意為:第一次發(fā)生在水在環(huán)境中占主導地位的地方??崭袂笆莿釉~,空格后為一個句子,結合句意和語境得知正確答案為where。

2.考查固定搭配。achallengeto...“對……的挑戰(zhàn)”。

3.考查固定搭配。由空格前“365”和空格后“calendar日歷”可知應該填入day。

4.考查固定搭配。inresponseto“對……做出反應”。

5.考查最高級。most修飾形容詞表示最高級,和the搭配。

6.考查介詞。根據(jù)關鍵詞“antiquity古代”,以及空格前為完整句子,因此填入in,表示時間。

7.考查介詞。介詞to與后文動詞構成不定式,空格前是完整的主謂賓結構。

8.考查定語從句??崭袂笆敲~結構,空格后是缺乏主語的句子,結合語境,填入which構成定語從句。

9.考查動詞。根據(jù)語法結構,由and并列,此處應是與commands構成并列謂語動詞,根據(jù)后文stillpartlyinuse可知此處最佳答案為remains。

10.考查固定搭配。solutionto“解決……的辦法/方法”。

11.考查固定搭配。beknownas“被稱之為……”。

12.考查固定搭配so...that...“如此……以致于”。

13.考查詞組。muchof“大量,許多的”。

14.考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文,此處大意為:水一如既往地控制著人類。

15.考查現(xiàn)在完成時。此處大意為:水一如既往地控制著人類。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,應填入done。

16.考查名詞。根據(jù)后文的or和his可知應填入man。

17.考查代詞,根據(jù)前文提到hisherdsorhiscrops判斷出此處填入his。

18.考查詞組。addto“增加,加強”。

19.考查介詞。前文example和后文this表示所屬,因此填of。

20.考查代詞/形容詞。根據(jù)空格前后關鍵詞inour...time,以及句意:我們自己的時代,可知此處填own“自己的;特有的”。

4.不定項選擇題

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

問題1選項

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

問題2選項

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

問題3選項

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

問題4選項

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

問題5選項

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

問題6選項

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

問題7選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

問題8選項

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干提到第一段話暗示什么。文章第一段第一句話說Someaccepttheirfate.(一些人接受了命運(被抓到真實的或者虛假的交通違規(guī)要罰款的命運)),根據(jù)關鍵詞some可知,A選項“大部分人被抓到交通違規(guī)之后反應很強烈”錯誤;B選項“摩托車司機可能會被警察錯誤地指控了”文中沒有提及;C選項“超速者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到后不能為自己辯護”錯誤,第一段這個例子就是說300名駕車者在被紅燈攝像頭抓到違規(guī),起訴交警部門后勝訴了,所以說超速者是可以為自己辯護的;第一段最后一句話…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable(……所謂的“紅燈攝像頭”拍攝的照片不可靠,因此不可接受),這就是說D選項“紅路燈會說謊”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。句意指法院的決定產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響。我們定位到第二段第一句話…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.(法官RonaldStyn這項決定更加激發(fā)了關于增加使用該設備的決定),從fueled這個詞可知并不是這項判決引起的討論,而是討論本身就存在,判決加重了討論,A選項“引發(fā)了關于是否使用攝像頭的討論”錯誤;B選項“判決赦免了少部分闖紅燈被抓者的處罰”;C選項“判決發(fā)現(xiàn)支持紅燈攝像頭的人更少”,這兩項文中都沒有提及;定位到第二段第三句話ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem(LouHarris將于本周發(fā)布的民意調(diào)查顯示,69%的美國人支持使用該設備。但是,至少有7個州打回了關于安裝這些設備的提案),所以D選項“阻止了一些州安裝攝像頭”正確。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞“Opponents”(反對者),我們定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.(反對者……認為這些攝像頭侵犯了隱私,而且把盈利置于公共安全之上),所以A、B可以排除;再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.(部分問題在于,幾乎所有的設備都是由私人公司操作的,他們負責從安裝機器到識別違規(guī)行為的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察監(jiān)督下——并有盡可能多地吸引司機的動機。),這里可知C選項“攝像頭確實是私人公司安裝的”排除;從關鍵詞minimal可知D選項“攝像頭是在警察的監(jiān)控之下的”是錯誤的,所以答案選D。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關鍵詞policedepartmentbelieves我們定位到文章第二段第二句:Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.(警察部門發(fā)誓,研究表明,機器人攝像頭可以阻止人們超速和闖紅燈。)第三段最后兩句話Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”(但事實并非如此,華盛頓警察局執(zhí)行助理局長特倫斯?蓋納(TerranceGainer)堅持認為。“我們減少了死亡人數(shù)?!保┻@兩句可以看出交警部門認為攝像頭維持了交通秩序,所以選B選項“攝像頭有效地維持了交通秩序”。A選項“攝像頭不應該由私人公司運營”,D選項“公司運營攝像頭的目的不應該賺錢”,這兩個都不是交警部門的看法,C選項“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”,文章沒有提及。

第5題:詞匯推斷題。A選項“細微的”;B選項“普遍的”;C選項“巨大的”D選項“無限的”。根據(jù)題干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子,即第三段第二句話“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.(該公司每張罰單能夠收到多達70美元的罰款,因而該公司總收入相當可觀)”,我們根據(jù)后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.(圣地亞哥去年入賬1590萬美元,華盛頓入賬1280萬美元?!斑@一切都是關于錢,”國會議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說,他是主要的批評者。),從這句可以看出,華盛頓和圣地亞哥收到的交通罰款數(shù)量巨大,不然不會受到來自國會議員的批評。由此推測,答案選A。

第6題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的人名定位到文中提到該人物的地方,即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.(“這一切都是關于錢”國會議員鮑勃?巴爾如是說,他是主要的批評者。)所以選B選項“鮑勃?巴爾強烈反對美國特殊賺錢方式”。A選項“鮑勃?巴爾是眾議院的領導者”不符合文意,鮑勃?巴爾是安裝攝像頭的主要的反對者但是不是眾議院的領導者,排除A;C選項“鮑勃?巴爾對技術是否充滿信心”,文中沒有提及,排除;D選項“質(zhì)疑電子收集信息的權威性”文中也沒有提及。

第7題:觀點態(tài)度題。A選項“積極”;B選項“消極”;C選項“漠不關心”;D選項“不確定”。整篇文章作者只是比較客觀地描述了一些現(xiàn)象,文章中沒有明顯的句子或者詞語表現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度,所以對于作者的態(tài)度我們是不明確的,答案選D。

第8題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關鍵詞“driversinEuropeancountries”,我們定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.(在歐洲,部署了數(shù)以千計的攝像頭并且這些攝像頭甚至比在這里(美國)更不受歡迎,心懷不滿的司機們已經(jīng)開始采取行動,尋找隱藏的攝像頭,并用汽車撞倒它們。)”,由此答案選D選項“采用極端的手段對付攝像頭”,從最后一段可以看出,歐洲司機也不支持攝像頭的安裝,所以A選項“支持攝像頭的安裝”錯誤;B選項“數(shù)以千計的攝像頭被毀壞”,數(shù)以千計的攝像頭是總數(shù)而不是被毀壞的數(shù)量,所以不選;C選項“歐洲首先使用攝像頭”文章沒有提及,所以排除。

5.單選題

Theofficialsaidthedevelopedcountrieshadaresponsibilitytofosterglobaleconomicgrowth.

問題1選項

A.affect

B.helptodevelop

C.upset

D.acquire

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。foster表示“促進,撫育”;A項affect“影響”,B項helptodevelop“幫助發(fā)展”,C項upset“使心煩,顛覆”,D項acquire“獲得”。句意:這位官員表示,發(fā)達國家有責任促進全球經(jīng)濟增長。根據(jù)句意可知,foster在句中表示“促進發(fā)展”;該題選擇B項正確。

6.單選題

Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.Inasmall,homogeneous,simplesociety,thesesocialcontrolscanbeimposedandenforcedbythefamilyorclan.Butinalarge,heterogeneouscomplexsociety,theinstitutionofgovernmenttakesoverthisfunction.

Forpurposesofanalysis,socialcontrolmaybedividedintomoralcontrolandpoliticalcontrol.Moralcontrolderivesfromtheinternalizedbeliefsandvaluesofasocietyandregulations,eachindividual’sbehaviorwithouttheuseofoutsideenforcement.Politicalcontroldoesinvolveenforcementfromtheoutsidesincetheindividualisnotalwayscertainthattheruleheisfollowingisjustandright.Hefollowsittoconform,toavoidpunishment,ortoreceivesocialrewards.

Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.Inaddition,awidediscrepancybetweenmoralandpoliticalcontrolwillresultinaconditionofgenerallawlessness.SuchaconditionhasoccurredintheUnitedStatesonseveraloccasionsandisnowevidentamongsomegroupsofsocietyaccordingto“TheRootsofLawlessness”byhistorianHenrySteeleCommander.

Government,amajorsocialinstitution,maybeviewedasasetofproceduresbywhichasocietyrealizesagoodportionofitsgoals.Governmentisfurtheruniqueasaninstitutionbecauseitservestoreinforcethefunctionofotherinstitutions.Thus,individualsviolatingtherulesandregulationoftheeconomic,educational,orfamilyinstitutionsmustultimatelyfacethepunitivepowerofgovernment.

1.Aconditioncharacterizedbytheabsenceofsocialorganizationandsocialcontrol,andbythebeliefthatpoliticalauthorityisunnecessaryis().

2.Theinternalizedformofsocialcontrolis().

3.Legitimatepowerrightfullyexercisediscalled().

4.WhichstatementisNOTcorrect?

問題1選項

A.moralcontrol

B.politicalpower

C.anarchy

D.authority

問題2選項

A.commitment

B.power

C.authority

D.government

問題3選項

A.authority

B.charisma

C.legitimacy

D.morality

問題4選項

A.Politicalcontrolmustoccasionallybecontrolledbyanoutsideforce.

B.Politicalcontrolcanexistwithoutmoralcontrolinasociety.

C.Politicalcontrolreinforcemoralcontrol.

D.Politicalcontrolemanatesfromwithin.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段第一句“Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.”政府是人類群體生活方式所產(chǎn)生的機構,它維持著一系列的社會控制以防止混亂。反過來說,缺乏社會組織和社會控制,認為政治權威是不必要的,是無政府的狀態(tài)。所以選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知,社會控制的內(nèi)在化形式是政府。選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.”政治控制是道德控制的產(chǎn)物,它的有效性取決于社會成員是否愿意把政府的權威看作是正當?shù)暮驼x的東西。所以正當行使合法權力被稱為權威。選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第二句“Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.”被迫威逼大多數(shù)成員接受沒有道德控制支持的政治控制的政府不會長久。也就是說,政治控制不能在沒有道德控制的社會中存在。選項B與之剛好相反,所以不正確。

7.單選題

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient,“Atanyparticularstageinitsenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.”Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.TherouxaddedthatProf.Menzel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.Menzel.Itseemsabsurdtoapplytheword“l(fā)azy”toacolonyofcreaturescapableofproducingsomethingsoextraordinaryashoneycomb.Thetruthisthatbeesgiveusaninferioritycomplexthatisnotentirelyunjustified.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolfMenzel’slatestresearch______.

2.Prof.RandolfMenzelwoulddisagreethat______.

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.ItcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheGermans______.

5.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto______.

問題1選項

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthenatureofbees

問題2選項

A.beesarehardworking

B.beesarequicklearners

C.beeshaveintelligence

D.beeshavegoodmemory

問題3選項

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

問題4選項

A.areeasilyaffectedbytheirnationalcharacters

B.areextremelybusyandhardworking

C.havemanythingsincommonwithbees

D.tendtolookdownuponlazypeople

問題5選項

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.(根據(jù)柏林自由大學蘭道夫?門澤爾教授的最新研究,蜜蜂廣為流傳的終極辛勤工作者形象是不準確的。),說明最新研究表明人們之前對蜜蜂的印象是不準確的。因此C選項“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂本性的認識”正確。A選項“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂之間關系的認識”,B選項“證實了我們對蜜蜂之間關系的認識”,本文討論的不是蜜蜂之間的關系,所以A,B錯誤。D選項“證實了我們對蜜蜂本性的認識”和原文表述的意思相反,所以D錯誤。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句beescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.(蜜蜂以高智商、記憶力和快速學習能力來彌補它們明顯的懶惰。),說明蘭道夫?門澤爾教授不同意蜜蜂很勤勞的觀點。因此A選項“蜜蜂是勤勞的”正確。B選項“蜜蜂的學習能力很強”,C選項“蜜蜂有高智商”,D選項“蜜蜂有良好的記憶力”都是教授認同的蜜蜂的優(yōu)勢,所以B,C,D錯誤。

3.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient…andperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.(英國養(yǎng)蜂人協(xié)會的主席格林?戴維斯說,蜜蜂不是懶惰而是有效率……也許人類應該向它們學習,而不是像無頭雞一樣跑來跑去。),說明格林?戴維斯認為人類應該向蜜蜂學習如何提高工作效率。因此D選項“如何提高工作的效率”正確。A選項“如何更快地工作”,B選項“如何活得更久”,C選項“如何相互合作”在文中均沒有提及,所以A,B,C錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy(也許與德國的工作效率相比,蜜蜂確實看起來很懶),說明德國人很忙碌,工作很勤奮,蜜蜂和其對比起來就顯得比較懶惰。因此B選項“非常忙碌和努力工作”正確。A選項“容易受到民族性格的影響”,原文說的是門澤爾教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影響,而不是說德國人,所以A錯誤。C選項“與蜜蜂有許多共同之處”,D選項“傾向于看不起懶惰的人”在文中沒有提及,所以C,D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段,作者指出,雖然有最新研究的結果,但蜜蜂忙碌勤奮的形象還是很難改變,最后用IBM的廣告舉例表明人們?nèi)匀缓艹绨菝鄯淝趭^的特性。因此A選項“顯示了忙碌的蜜蜂這一觀念的流行”正確。B選項“強調(diào)了忙碌的蜜蜂的負面形象”,由原文可知,忙碌的蜜蜂不是一種負面形象,而是受人崇拜的正面形象,所以B錯誤。C選項“引發(fā)公眾對忙碌的蜜蜂形象的討論”,原文沒有描述其引發(fā)的討論,所以C錯誤。D選項“質(zhì)疑忙碌的蜜蜂與人類的比較”,原文沒有質(zhì)疑,所以D錯誤。

8.單選題

ThereisnoeasysolutiontoJapan’slabour(

問題1選項

A.decline

B.rarity

C.vacancy

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。decline“下降”;rarity“罕見”;vacancy“空缺,空白”;shortage“短缺”。句意:日本勞動力短缺的問題不容易解決。選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Thosewho()trafficregulationsshouldbepunished.

問題1選項

A.rotate

B.violate

C.abuse

D.degrade

【答案】B

【解析】句意:違反交通法規(guī)的那些人應該受處罰。

考查動詞辨析。rotate(使)旋轉,轉動;(工作)由…輪值;violate違反,違犯,違背(法律、協(xié)議等),侵犯(隱私等);abuse濫用,虐待;degrade貶低,使……丟臉,使……降級,使降解。因此B符合句意。

10.不定項選擇題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Notthatitissolely,orchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem:whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof:elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpeopleareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow;theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis(

).

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto(

).

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind(

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwhoholdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewith?

問題1選項

A.TheAgeofReason

B.TheNeedforIndependentThinking

C.TheValueofRefutation

D.StirringPeople’sMinds

問題2選項

A.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問題3選項

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問題4選項

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfullyrational

C.determinedoncontroversy

D.havingaclosedmind

問題5選項

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes

B.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

C.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers

D.Excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。分析文章行文結構,文章由問句導入引出文章主題“思考者的首要職責是跟隨自己的思維能力達成其可能帶來的結論,沒有認識到這一點的人不可能是一位偉大的思考者”,然后指出“思考者需要獨立思考”的觀點以及后續(xù)段落圍繞“獨立思考的重要性”進行論述,可推知B項“對獨立思考的需要”正確。

A選項“理性時代”,文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點,這是獨立思考帶來的好處,屬于以偏概全。

C選項“反駁的價值”,文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點,這是獨立思考帶來的好處,屬于以偏概全。

D選項“激動人心的人們的思想”,文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點,這是獨立思考帶來的好處,屬于以偏概全。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。第一步,尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到文章第二段第一二三句話Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.(只知道自己一方(觀點)的人對這個知之甚少。她的(辯護)理由也許很好,沒人能反駁。但是如果她同樣不能反駁對方的理由;如果她連它們(對方的論點)是什么都不知道,她就沒有理由偏愛任何一種觀點),由此可知答案選C選項“要熟悉贊成某人不同意的觀點的論點”。

A選項“有無法反駁的觀點”,見正確答案解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項“選擇自己最喜歡的觀點”,見正確答案解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

D選項“暫停異端的推測,支持教條主義的方法”,定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.(任何異端猜測在那一段時間內(nèi)停止,在任何策略會議中其原則是不能爭議的,在任何討論中,那些能主導人性的討論被認為是停止了的,我們都別想找到通常高標準的精神活動,這些活動就是讓某些時間段的歷史被人們記住的原因),停止了異端猜測反而會導致思想停滯不前,這里屬于反向干擾,不選。

第3題:推理判斷題。第一步,精準定位,定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.(任何異端猜測在那一段時間內(nèi)停止,在任何

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