考研考博-英語-右江民族醫(yī)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-右江民族醫(yī)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

The

exchangeofgoodwillmissiongreatlythetwocountries（）abetterunderstandingbetween.

問題1選項

A.carriesout

B.bringsaround

C.breaksout

D.contributesto

【答案】D

【解析】carryout指實施；bringaround指勸說；breakout指爆發(fā)；contributeto指促進,對…做出貢獻。句意：兩國友好使團的交流大大促進了兩國之間的了解。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:“storeintherefrigerator.”

Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher,thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplusbreadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.

Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted—naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...

Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.

Consequently,mostoftheworld’sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificiallyheatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

Thefridge’seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers,butatleastyou’llgetridofthatterriblehum.

1.Thestatement“Inmybridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.”(Para.2)suggeststhat（

）.

2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?

3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge’snegativeeffectontheenvironment?

5.Whatistheauthor’soverallattitudetowardfridges?

問題1選項

A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties

B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousefridgeseveninhisfifties.

C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor’shomeinthe1950s

D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s

問題2選項

A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.

B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimeaweek.

C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily

D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood

問題3選項

A.Inventors.

B.Consumers.

C.Manufacturers.

D.Travelingsalesmen

問題4選項

A.“Humawaycontinuously”

B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”

C.“Artificially-cooledspace”

D.“Withmildtemperatures”

問題5選項

A.Neutral.

B.Critical.

C.Objective

D.Compromising

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily句意為“我的童年吋期沒有冰箱，但我還是吃得不錯而且吃得很健康”之后的部分講到雖然沒有冰箱但也沒有出現(xiàn)食物浪費和食物腐爛的情況，由此可知第二段的首句話是為了說明雖然那時候沒有冰箱，作者也生活的很好，即選項A。

2.判斷推理題。第二段指出:送牛奶的人每天都來，雜貨商、屠夫、面包師和賣冰淇淋的人—周來送貨兩到三次。肉可以從星期天一直吃到周三，剩余的面包和牛奶將變成各種各樣的小點心。任何東西都不會被浪費，而且我們從不會為了腐爛的食物而煩惱。因此可知在冰箱發(fā)明之前不會有東西的浪費是因為人們掌握了有效的剩余食物的方法,故選D。

3.判斷推理題。第三段指出:冰箱的發(fā)明對食物的保存并沒有起到太多的作用，在冰箱發(fā)明之前已經(jīng)有像自然冷卻、鹽腌等多種食物保存方法。冰箱的發(fā)明正在促進的是電力、軟飲料、動物死尸的銷量并且在后文中作者還講到了冰箱對生活環(huán)境造成的影響，故可以推斷出在作者看來對于冰箱的發(fā)明，最沒有受益的就是消費者。

4.細節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出:冰箱對環(huán)境的影響一直都是顯著的，而它帶給人類的幸福卻是微不足道的。如果你不信，自己試試看，做一個存放食物的櫥柜，下個冬天關(guān)掉你的冰箱。你或許吃不到漢堡，但是至少能擺脫那可怕的噪音。故選A“不斷產(chǎn)生噪聲”。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。文章中作者提到童年時期沒有冰箱，但是還是吃得不錯而且很健康，并且當時食物也儲存的很好，不會造成浪費。最后兩段中,作者認為世界上絕大部分的冰箱并不是在那些最能用得上它們的熱帶地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，而是在那些富有氣候溫和的國家出現(xiàn)，這些國家?guī)缀醪恍枰帽??？梢钥闯鲎髡邔τ诒涫桥行缘摹?/p>

3.單選題

Whichsporthasthemostexpenses_______trainingequipment,players'personalequipmentanduniforms?

問題1選項

A.inplaceof

B.bywayof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】inplaceof代替;bywayof經(jīng)由;intermsof依據(jù),按照,在……方面;bymeansof通過,依靠。句意：哪項運動在訓練器材、運動員個人裝備和隊服等方面的開銷最大?選項C符合句意。

4.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason，”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists，philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened?”

1.Theword“schism”(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans（）.

2.Paragraph2and3arewrittento（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience’’is（）.

問題1選項

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問題2選項

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問題3選項

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問題4選項

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章，“Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.”，可知本世紀，科學和人文學科之間的分歧如果說有什么不同的話，那就是分歧加深了?？膳袛喑鰏chism意為分歧，分裂。confrontation“分歧，面對”；dissatisfaction“不滿”；separation“分離，分開”；contempt“輕視，蔑視”。文中是指科學與文化之間不和諧的關(guān)系，屬于同一領(lǐng)域兩個方面的分離。選項C符合題意。

2.推斷題。文章第二三段，運用大量例子進一步說明了科學與人文之間的分歧，如HigherSuperstition，TheDemon-HauntedWorld和TheFlightfromScienceandReason都是作者給出的例子?？赏茢喑鲎髡咴诙沃饕菫榱死C科學和人文學科之間的分歧。選項D符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.”，可知這當然并不意味著擔心工業(yè)發(fā)展失控的環(huán)保主義者是反科學的，正如去年五月份《美國新聞與世界報道》上的一篇文章所言?？膳袛喑鲈谝黄恼轮校h(huán)保主義者被指責反科學。選項A符合題意。

4.作者態(tài)度題。作者在文中提到科學與文化之間存在分歧，并對此進行了例證。作者認為科學家對于分歧的抨擊要合理分析，不能一直持反對意見，如果理由充分恰當就是可取的?？膳袛喑鲎髡叩膽B(tài)度是不偏袒的，公正的。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Iran’smoralitypoliceare______onthesaleofBarbiedollstoprotectthepublicfromwhattheyseeasperniciouswesterncultureerodingIslamicvalues.

問題1選項

A.puttingdown

B.breakingdown

C.crackingdown

D.lookingdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項puttingdown“放下；鎮(zhèn)壓（暴動，叛亂）”；B選項breakingdown“損壞；分解開”；C選項crackingdown“嚴加管制，打擊”；D選項lookingdown“往下看”。句意：伊朗道德警察正______芭比娃娃的銷售，避免他們視為有害的西方文化侵蝕伊斯蘭價值觀，以此保護公眾。根據(jù)語境，crackingdown“嚴加管制，打擊”搭配sale“銷售”比較合理，意指警察嚴格管制芭比娃娃的市場銷售，符合題意。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

Themusicarousedan（

）feelingofhomesicknessinhim.

問題1選項

A.intentional

B.intermittent

C.intense

D.intrinsic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近異義詞義辨析。intentional“故意的”；intermittent“間歇的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的”；intense“強烈的”；intrinsic“本質(zhì)的，固有的”。句意：這首音樂使他產(chǎn)生了強烈的思鄉(xiāng)情懷。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

7.

問題1選項

A.Sheisgivingthemananinjection.

B.Sheislisteningtotheman’sheart.

C.Sheisfeelingtheman’spulse.

D.Sheishelpingthemanstopshivering.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Ooh,that’scold!

W:Don’tworry,it’sjustmystethoscope[?steθ?sko?p].

Q:Whatisthewomandoing?

【解析】細節(jié)題。關(guān)鍵在于對話中的單詞stethoscope（聽診器），故選B。

8.單選題

Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.

However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.

Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.

Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.

InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.

1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby（

）.

3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問題1選項

A.rememberless

B.reasonbetter

C.learnfewernewthings

D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn

問題2選項

A.poorlearning

B.inattention

C.tryingtolearntoofast

D.noneoftheabove

問題3選項

A.depression

B.mentalinactivity

C.lossofmemory

D.physicallyweak

問題4選項

A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.

B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.

C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.

D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.

問題5選項

A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline

B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline

C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons

D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明，知識和推理能力并沒有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲是這樣，在60歲和70歲也是如此?！笨芍心耆撕屠夏耆说闹橇屯评砟芰缀鯖]有下降。故D項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段“However,muchofwhatwecall‘lossofmemory’isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.然而，我們所謂的‘失憶’，其實根本不是這樣的。它們通常首先是不完整的學習。例如，老年人可能聽力不好，或視力不好，或注意力不集中，或試圖以太快的速度學習新事物?！笨芍坝洃泦适А备揪蜎]有這回事。A、B、C三項是導致看似記憶力下降的原因。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor‘senility’.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.在老年人的大腦似乎真的在衰退的情況下，這并不一定是由于年老或‘衰老’造成的衰退的跡象。通常這只是抑郁情緒的一種表現(xiàn)?！笨芍吐淝榫w是導致老年人的大腦看似衰退的原因。故A項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二句“Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.但是請注意，當一個年輕人失去什么東西時，他不會責怪衰老或失憶。他找了一些其他的借口。”可知C項“在美國，年輕人從來不會因為衰老或失憶而失去任何東西。”正確。A項“年輕人和老年人都應該認識到，衰老比我們大多數(shù)人認為的要普遍得多”；B項“對136對雙胞胎的長期研究表明，多年來唯一下降的因素是心理運動速度”；D項“賈維克博士的研究表明，老年人的大腦似乎永遠不會衰退”都與原文不符。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭提出人們對大腦的錯誤認識，即隨著年齡增長，理解力和記憶力下降，大腦衰退。隨后介紹了Dr.Jarvik的研究結(jié)果。即衰老并不會影響人的智力。接下來的內(nèi)容均圍繞該主題展開。故B項“老年加速心智衰退”正確。

9.單選題

Formuchoftheworld,thedeathofRichardNixonwastheendofacomplexpubliclife.Butresearcherswhostudybereavementwonderedifitdidn’talsosignifytheendofaprivategrief.Hadtheformerpresidentmerelyrunhisfourscoreandone,orhadhefallenvictimtoapatternthatseemstoafflictlongtimemarriedcouples;onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave?

Pat,Nixon’swifeof53,diedlastJuneafteralongillness.Nooneknowsforsurewhetherherdeathcontributedtohis.Afterall,hewaselderlyandhadahistoryofseriousheartdisease.Researchershavelongobservedthatthedeathofthespouseparticularlyawifeissometimesfollowedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor.HistorianWillDurantdied13daysafterhiswifeandcollaborator,Ariel;BuckminsterFullerandhiswifediedjust36hoursapart.Isthismorethancoincidence?

“Partofthestory,Isuspect,isthatwemenaresousedtoladiesfeelingusandtakingcareofus,”saysKnulHelsing,anepidemiologistattheJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth,“thatwhenweloseawifewegotopieces.Wedon’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves.”InoneoftheseveralstudiesHelsinghasconductedonbereavement,hefoundthatwidowerswhoremarriedenjoyedthesamelowermortalityratesasmenwho’dneverbeenwidowed.

Women’shealthandresiliencemayalsosufferafterthelossofaspouse.Ina1987studyofwidows,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andUC,SanDiego,foundthattheyhadadramaticdeclineinlevelsofimportantimmune-systemcellsthatfightoffdisease.Earlierstudiesshowedreducedimmunityinwidowers.

Forbothmenandwomen,thestressoflosingaspousecanhaveaprofoundeffect.“Allsortsofpotentiallyharmfulmedicalproblemscanbeworsened,”saysGeraldDavision,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Peoplewithhighbloodpressure,forexample,mayseeitrise.InNixon’scase,Davisionspeculates,“thestroke,althoughnotcauseddirectlybythestress,wasprobablyhastenedbyit.”Depressioncanaffectthesurvivingspouse’swilltolive;suicideratesareelevatedinthebereaved,alongwithaccidentsnotinvolvingcars.

Involvementinlifehelpsprolongit.“Mortality,”saysDukeUniversitypsychiatristDanielBlazer,“ishigherinolderpeoplewithoutagoodsocial-supportsystem,whodon’tfeelthey’repartofagrouporafamily,thatthey‘fitin’somewhere.Andthat’smorecommonproblemformen,whotendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen.”“Thesuddenabsenceofroutinescanalsobeahealthhazard,”saysBlazer.“Apersonwholosesaspouseshowsdeteriorationinnormalhabitslikesleepingandeating,”hesays.“Theydon’thavetheotherpersontoorientthem,likewhendoyougotobed,whendoyouwakeup,whendoyoueat,whendoyoutakeyourmedication,whendoyougoouttotakeawalk?Yourpatternisnolongerlockedintosomeoneelse’spattern,soitdeteriorates.”Whileearlierstudiessuggestedthatthefirstsixmonthstoayear-orevenfirstweek—weretimesofhighermortalityforthebereaved,somenewerstudiesfindnospecialvulnerabilityinthisinitialperiod.Mostmenandwomen,ofcoursedonotasaresultofthelossofaspouse.Andtherearewaystoimprovetheodds.Astrongsenseofseparateidentityandlackofover-dependencyduringthemarriagearehelpful.Adultsonsanddaughters,siblingsandfriendsneedtopayspecialattentiontoanewlywidowedparent.Theycanmakesurethatheorsheissocializing,gettingpropernutritionandmedicalcare,expressingemotionandaboveall,feelingneededandappreciated.

6.ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.

7.Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.

8.Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.

9.Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.

10.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.

問題1選項

A.73

B.81

C.77

D.65

問題2選項

A.causedbyhisheartdisease

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeath

C.theinevitableresultofoldage

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccident

問題3選項

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlives

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectancies

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowed

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’death

問題4選項

A.losehisorherfriends

B.diminishsocialactivities

C.bevulnerabletoillness

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scare

問題5選項

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriage

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriage

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriage

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriage

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】6.【選項釋義】

ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.從文中可知，RichardNixon去世時年齡為____。

A.73A.73歲

B.81B.81歲

C.77C.77歲

D.65D.65歲

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞RichardNixondied定位到原文第一段。本段第3句提到“這位前總統(tǒng)活了81歲（hisfourscoreandone）”，由此可知，B選項“81歲”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】A選項“73歲”、C選項“77歲”、D選項“65歲”均不符合原文表述。

7.【選項釋義】

Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.據(jù)研究喪親之痛的研究人員稱，RichardNixon的去世可能是____。

A.causedbyhisheartdiseaseA.是由心臟病引起的

B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeathB.與他妻子的死有間接聯(lián)系

C.theinevitableresultofoldageC.老年的必然結(jié)果

D.causedbyanunexplainableaccidentD.是由一場無法解釋的事故造成的

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題要求選的是研究人員的觀點。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞researcherswhostudybereavement可定位到原文第1段第2-3句，該句提到“研究喪親之痛的研究人員（researcherswhostudybereavement）”想知道Nixon的去世“僅僅是因為他已經(jīng)活到81歲了（merelyrunhisfourscoreandone）”，還是因為“陷入了一種長期以來困擾著已婚夫婦的模式（fallenvictimtoapattern）：一個配偶很快就會跟著另一個進入墳墓（onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave）”，而且原文第2段第1句提到“Nixon的妻子久病后在前一年六月去世（died）?！辈⑶业?段第4句提到“研究人員長期以來觀察到（havelongobserved），配偶特別是妻子的去世，有時會伴隨悲傷的幸存者過早死亡（followedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor）”。綜上所述，根據(jù)研究人員的研究內(nèi)容推測，他們認為Nixon去世可能與他妻子的死有關(guān)，B選項“與他妻子的死有間接聯(lián)系”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“是由心臟病引起的”，可定位到原文第2段第3句，該句提到他“有嚴重的心臟病病史（hadahistoryofseriousheartdisease）”，但這不是研究人員認為的原因；

C選項“老年的必然結(jié)果”，可定位到原文第2段第3句，該句提到“他已經(jīng)老了（hewaselderly）”，但這也不是研究人員認為的原因；

D選項“是由一場無法解釋的事故造成的”,原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

8.【選項釋義】

Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.在關(guān)于喪親之痛的研究中，Helsing發(fā)現(xiàn)____。

A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlivesA.再婚的男人過著更健康的生活

B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectanciesB.未婚男性的預期壽命最長

C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowedC.再婚鰥夫的死亡率并不高于從未喪偶的人

D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’deathD.寡婦不受配偶死亡的影響

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞hisresearchonbereavement和Helsing定位到原文第3段最后一句，該句提到“他發(fā)現(xiàn)再婚的鰥夫與從未喪偶的男性一樣有較低死亡率（thesamelowermortalityrates）?！庇纱丝芍珻選項“再婚鰥夫的死亡率并不高于從未喪偶的人”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“再婚的男人過著更健康的生活”，原文并未提及，并且沒有明確比較對象，不符合題意，屬于無中生有；

B選項“未婚男性的預期壽命最長”，原文并未提及，不是Helsing的研究內(nèi)容，不符合題意，屬于無中生有；

D選項“寡婦不受配偶死亡的影響”，不是Helsing的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，并且根據(jù)原文第4段第1句的內(nèi)容，該選項表述錯誤，該句提到“失去配偶后，婦女的健康和恢復能力也可能受到影響（sufferafterthelossofaspouse）。”

9.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.根據(jù)這篇文章，配偶的死亡可以導致幸存的一方____。

A.losehisorherfriendsA.失去朋友

B.diminishsocialactivitiesB.減少社交活動

C.bevulnerabletoillnessC.容易生病

D.rejecthisorherchildren’scareD.拒絕孩子的照顧

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto定位到原文第4段最后一句，該句提到“早期的研究表明，喪偶者免疫力下降（reducedimmunity）”；原文第5段第2句提到“各種可能有害的醫(yī)療問題都可能惡化（beworsened）?！庇纱丝芍?，失去配偶的一方，免疫能力下降，現(xiàn)有的疾病容易惡化，C選項“容易生病”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“失去朋友”，可定位到原文第6段第3句，該句提到“男性沒有女性那么多親密的友誼（tendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen）”，由此可知，原文并不是說“失去配偶的人會失去朋友”，該選項屬于偷換概念；

B選項“減少社交活動”，可定位到原文第6段第1句，該句提到“參與生活（Involvementinlife）有助于延長生命?！钡?段最后一句提到“他們（子女們）可以確保他或她在社交（socializing）”。由此可知，原文表達的是讓失去配偶的一方參與生活，進行社交，這樣有利于延長壽命，并沒有說“失去配偶的人會減少社交”，該選項屬于偷換概念；

D選項“拒絕孩子的照顧”，原文第6段倒數(shù)第2句提到，專家建議“成年子女、兄弟姐妹和朋友們需要特別關(guān)注（payspecialattention）新近喪偶的父母?！痹牟]有說“失去配偶的人會拒絕孩子的照顧”，反而說孩子們要多關(guān)注他們，該選項屬于無中生有。

10.【選項釋義】

Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.文章中暗示，鰥夫或寡婦遭受配偶死亡的痛苦，因為他們____。

A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriageA.婚姻期間沒有獨立的準備

B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriageB.婚姻期間不能照顧自己

C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriageC.婚姻期間不愿與他人交往

D.tooindulgentduringthemarriageD.在婚姻中過于沉溺

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干，本題詢問的是“鰥夫或寡婦因配偶死亡而痛苦”的原因。通讀全篇可知，本文主要論述“失去配偶的一方也容易跟著去世”，原文第6段倒數(shù)第3句提到“在婚姻中保持強烈的獨立意識（Astrongsenseofseparateidentity）和不過度依賴（lackofover-dependency）是有幫助的?！庇纱送茢啵麄兺纯嗟脑蚩赡苁沁^度依賴配偶，突然失去，難以接受，D選項“在婚姻中過于沉溺”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“婚姻期間沒有獨立的準備”，原文說他們在婚姻期間不夠獨立，不是說“他們在婚姻期間沒有為獨立做準備”，該選項屬于偷換概念；

B選項“婚姻期間不能照顧自己”，可定位到原文第3段，第1句提到了約翰霍普金斯大學公共衛(wèi)生學院（theJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth）的流行病學家KnulHelsing的觀點，他認為“部分原因（Partofthestory）是男人們太習慣了讓女人（sousedtoladies）感受、照顧我們，以至于失去妻子后，就會崩潰（gotopieces），不知道如何照顧自己（don’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves）?！庇纱丝芍?，不能照顧自己可能是鰥夫們痛苦的原因，不是寡婦們痛苦的原因，該選項屬于以偏概全；

C選項“婚姻期間不愿與他人交往”，原文并未提及，該選項屬于無中生有。

10.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Consumersvisualizetheiractivitiesindifferentweather.

B.Goodweathertriggersconsumers’desiretogoshopping.

C.Weatherconditionsinfluenceconsumers’buyingbehavior.

D.Consumers’mentalstateschangewiththepricesofgoods.

問題2選項

A.Directcorrelation.

B.Mentalvisualization.

C.Individualassociation.

D.Activeconsumption.

問題3選項

A.Helpingthemadvertiseagreatervarietyofproducts.

B.Enablingthemtoselltheirproductsatahigherprice.

C.Enablingthemtosimplifytheirmathematicalformulas.

D.Helpingthemdeterminewhattosellandatwhatprice.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】PassageOne

Weatherisaconstantforceinourlives,butthere’slittlemarketingresearchonhowitaffectsbusinesses.[9]Now,anewstudyrevealshowsunnyandsnowyconditionsinfluenceconsumerbehavior.[10]Thoseweatherconditionstriggerconsumerstomentallyvisualizeusingproductsassociatedwiththerespectiveweather.Thisleadstoconsumersplacingahighervalueonthoseproducts,thatis,they’rewillingtopaymoremoneyforthem.Butthecorrelationisonlyfoundwithproductsrelatedtobeingoutside.Howdoesthiswork?Researchersgivetheexampleofabeachtowel.Onasunnyday,consumerswhoseethatproductarenotjustlookingatthetowelitself.Theyarelikelyimaginingthemselveslyingonthetowelinthesun.[10]Thismentalpictureofusingthetowelincreasesthevalueoftheproductintheconsumers’mind.Researchersputforwardthefollowinghypothesistoexplaintheirfindings.Theythinkthementalpictureworksinsunshineandsnowbecausetheseweatherconditionshaveapositiveassociationwithoutsideactivities.Theeffectisnotseenwithrainyweather.Researchersassertthisisbecausetherearen’tmanyactivitiesthatareenabledbyrain.Mostproductsassociatedwithrainlikeumbrellasareonlyusedforprotectionfromtheweatherandnotforanyactivities.Researchersbelievethatcompaniesthatsellawidearrayofproductsonlinecanbenefitmostfromtheinsightsthisstudyprovides.[11]Onlinesellersoftenusecomplexmathematicalformulastodeterminewhatproductstofeatureandhowtopricetheseproducts.Incorporatingmoredataaboutweatherwouldallowthemtomakebetterdecisions.Thiscouldbolstersales.

9.Whatdowelearnaboutthefindingsofthenewstudy?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于這項新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們可以知道什么？錄音開始不久便提到，一項新的研究揭示了晴雪天氣對消費者行為的影響，C選項“天氣條件影響消費者的購買行為”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項“消費者想象他們在不同天氣下的活動”和D選項“消費者的心理狀態(tài)隨著商品價格的變化而變化”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。B選項“好的天氣引發(fā)消費者購物的欲望”，錄音中只是表明晴雪天氣會觸發(fā)消費者將這些天氣與產(chǎn)品的使用聯(lián)想在一起，而這樣的聯(lián)想會增加產(chǎn)品在消費者心目中的價值，也就是說，他們愿意為這些產(chǎn)品支付更多的錢。這表明他們愿意花更高的價格來購買東西，并不是說好天氣引發(fā)購物欲，因此B選項不正確。

10.Whatdoesthepassagesaymayincreasethevalueofproductsforconsumers?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問對消費者來說，什么可以增加產(chǎn)品的價值。錄音中提及晴雪天氣會促使消費者想象與這些天氣相關(guān)的商品使用情景，從而增加商品在消費者心目中的價值，并以沙灘毛巾為例具體說明。因此，B選項“大腦想象”正確。A選項“直接關(guān)聯(lián)”利用correlation作干擾，消費者通過天氣聯(lián)想商品使用的場景，然后想象的畫面使得商品增值，這是間接的關(guān)聯(lián)，因此A選項不正確；C選項“個人關(guān)聯(lián)”，新研究揭示的是一般消費者的普遍行為，并沒有針對個人進行研究，因此不正確；D選項“主動消費”，錄音中并沒有表明消費是主動還是被動，因此D選項也