考研考博-英語-安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thereissupposedtobeasafety（）whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide,thusitcanavoidheavylosses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】句意:應(yīng)該要有一個(gè)可以避免火車相撞的機(jī)制，從而避免重大損失。

考查名詞辨析。appliance器具，器械，裝置，家用電器；accessory配件，附件，［法］從犯，（衣服的）配飾；machine機(jī)械；mechanism機(jī)制，機(jī)械裝置。因此D符合句意。

2.單選題

IfIkeepthisoathfaithfully,mayIenjoymylifeandpracticemyart,（

）byallmenandinalltimes;butifIswervefromitorviolateit,maythereversebemylot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingrespected

B.respecting

C.respectfully

D.respected

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。題干主句中謂語動(dòng)詞為enjoy，后面接動(dòng)詞ing形式?？崭窈笥衎y，可推測(cè)前面應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。因此應(yīng)使用being+done的形式。A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto（）thecolorofhisskin.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…情況”；inthelightof“根據(jù)，按照，當(dāng)作”；byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”。句意：這個(gè)國家的每個(gè)人，不論膚色，都有權(quán)利住在他想住的地方。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Theloveofpoetrywas____inhimbyherreaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.banished

B.kindled

C.hardened

D.smashed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.banished放逐；驅(qū)除B.kindled激起（興趣、情感等）

C.hardened硬化；更嚴(yán)厲D.smashed打碎；猛烈碰撞

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“對(duì)詩歌的熱愛”，后文內(nèi)容為“她的到達(dá)”，空格處所填動(dòng)詞搭配的內(nèi)容為“對(duì)詩歌的熱愛”，B選項(xiàng)kindled“激起（興趣、情感等）”與原句語義銜接最恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】她的到達(dá)激起了他對(duì)詩歌的熱愛。

5.填空題

A:Ihaveaballetticketforthisevening.

B:（1）

dowe!Why（2）weallgotogether?

A:That’sagood（3）.Thatwaywecansharea（4）andsaveabitofmoney.

B:When（5）wemeet?

A:Let’ssayat6:30in（6）ofBuilding5.

B:Fine.I’llseeyouthereat6:30.

【答案】1.so

2.don’t

3.idea

4.taxi

4.shall

6.front

【解析】1.語法題?？疾榈寡b。這里表示“我們也有”。

2.語法題?？疾榉穸ㄒ蓡枴＿@里是否定疑問句表示肯定。

3.固定搭配。Agoodidea好主意。

4.語義題。由后面的saveabitofmoney推測(cè)這里表示“我們可以一起打的”。

5.語義題。句意:我們什么時(shí)候見面？

6.固定搭配。infrontof在…前面。

6.單選題

Asoneoftheyoungestprofessorsintheuniversity，MissKingiscertainlyonthe（）ofabrilliantcareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.edge

B.porch

C.threshold

D.course

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：作為這所大學(xué)最年輕的教授之一，金女士當(dāng)然是站在事業(yè)輝煌的

。

edge邊緣，優(yōu)勢(shì)；porch走廊，門檻；threshold門檻，入口；course路線，航線。因此，C項(xiàng)threshold符合句意。

7.單選題

There’s______whenweshallmeetagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notknow

B.noknowing

C.nottoknow

D.neverknowing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我們什么時(shí)候再見面還不知道。考查therebe句型，橫線處應(yīng)該填名詞，knowing是動(dòng)名詞，B選項(xiàng)noknowing正確，A選項(xiàng)notknow和C選項(xiàng)nottoknow錯(cuò)誤。結(jié)合語境，這里沒有永遠(yuǎn)都不知道的意思，D選項(xiàng)neverknowing錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Darwinstatedthatthemoresurvivalcharacteristicsacreaturehas（

）thechancethatnewspecieswilladoptthesecharacteristics.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thebest

B.thebetter

C.betterthan

D.asgoodas

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配?！癟he+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”，表示“越……就越……”，B選項(xiàng)正確。句意是‘達(dá)爾文指出，一個(gè)生物擁有的生存特征越多，該物種拙有這些特征的機(jī)會(huì)越大?！?/p>

9.單選題

Thesoilispartoftheearth,（）theatmosphere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asitis

B.thesameis

C.sois

D.andsois

【答案】D

【解析】asitis

實(shí)際上,

事實(shí)上,

既然如此；same常用搭配是thesameas；選項(xiàng)C缺少連詞，所以本題選項(xiàng)D。句意：土地是地球的一部分,

大氣也是。

10.單選題

Managerswhoarepermittedtotradeoninsideinformationhavean______toacquireordevelopvalueinformation,whichinvolvesrisks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incentive

B.orientation

C.argument

D.identity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incentive“動(dòng)機(jī)，刺激”，B項(xiàng)orientation“方向，定向，適應(yīng)”，C項(xiàng)argument“論證，論據(jù)，爭(zhēng)吵”，D項(xiàng)identity“身份，同一性，一致”。由arepermittedtotradeoninsideinformation“被允許內(nèi)幕信息交易”和toacquireordevelopvalueinformation“獲取或發(fā)展有價(jià)值的信息”可知，“動(dòng)機(jī)”符合語境。句意：被允許利用內(nèi)幕信息進(jìn)行交易的經(jīng)理人有獲取或開發(fā)價(jià)值信息的動(dòng)機(jī)，這涉及到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Itriedinvainto（）themantheslip.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.give

B.omit

C.offer

D.serve

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)give“給；產(chǎn)生；讓步；舉辦；授予”；B選項(xiàng)omit“省略；遺漏；刪除；疏忽；沒做”；C選項(xiàng)offer“提供；出價(jià)；試圖；意圖；錄取通知書”；D選項(xiàng)serve“招待，供應(yīng)；為……服務(wù)；對(duì)……有用；可作……用”。根據(jù)固定搭配givesomebodytheslip“趁某人不備時(shí)溜掉”可知該題選give。句意：我試圖甩掉那個(gè)人，但沒有成功。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Somecultureshavecustomsthat（）theclothingfashionsofpeopleincertainsocialclasses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modify

B.alter

C.regulate

D.revise

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。modify"修改,更改;修飾";alter"改變,更改";regulate"控制,管理,調(diào)節(jié)";revise"修訂,修改"。modify是指略微的修改,alter范圍較廣,指任何的改變,revise通常指修訂課本,制度的管理和規(guī)定經(jīng)常用regulate。句意：某些文化有一些習(xí)俗,這些習(xí)俗規(guī)定了某些社會(huì)階層中人們的穿衣時(shí)尚。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.單選題

Thegovernment（）regulationsthatputthisarcheologicalsiteunderprotection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discharged

B.released

C.issued

D.published

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)discharge“準(zhǔn)許（某人）離開，釋放，排出”；B選項(xiàng)release“釋放，發(fā)泄，免除”；C選項(xiàng)issue“發(fā)行，發(fā)布”；D選項(xiàng)publish“出版，發(fā)表，公布”。句意：政府頒布條例來保護(hù)這個(gè)考古遺址。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Somedisputesamongthesecountriesare____byhistory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leftover

B.turnedover

C.handedover

D.takenover

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.leftover留下B.turnedover移交給；翻閱；反復(fù)考慮

C.handedover（把某事）交給……負(fù)責(zé)D.takenover接管；接替

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析與語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處前后語義為“這些國家之間的一些爭(zhēng)端是被歷史____”，由此可知，與空格處所填短語搭配的是“國家間的一些爭(zhēng)端”和“歷史”，A選項(xiàng)leftover“留下”最符合原句語義銜接，指“被歷史遺留下來的爭(zhēng)端”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】這些國家之間的一些爭(zhēng)端是歷史遺留下來的。

15.單選題

Thenumberofcopiesthepaperseilsseemstobein（）proportiontotheamountofnewsitcontains.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diverse

B.inverse

C.reverse

D.averse

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。inreverse“相反”，本句意為“這份報(bào)紙的發(fā)行量似乎與它所包含的新聞量成反比”，這句話想要表達(dá)的是報(bào)紙發(fā)行量太少，inreverse表達(dá)“相反”的意思使得句子邏輯成立。因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

16.單選題

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.

Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.

KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.

31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?

34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?

35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.

B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.

C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.

D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.

B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.

C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.

D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.

B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.

C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.

D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Dreamyandescapist.

B.Nostalgicandidealistic.

C.Fancifulandimaginative.

D.Transcendentalandimpractical.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.enthusiastic

B.condemnatory

C.cautious

D.noncommittal

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.文章主旨題。瀏覽全文，本文的主題人物是PainterFridaKahlo,全文的主題句為原文第一段最后一句，“YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.（然而，卡羅是一位熱情的政治活動(dòng)家，在她的藝術(shù)中，她不僅尋求探索自己的根源，而且還支持墨西哥爭(zhēng)取獨(dú)立的政治和文化身份的斗爭(zhēng)。）”其中的關(guān)鍵詞為herart，politicalactivist和politicalandculturalidentity。從而得出本題答案。

32.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。原文第三段第二句中的byimplication體現(xiàn)了作者的想法，“byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.”而political與選項(xiàng)B重現(xiàn)；notonly...butalso...體現(xiàn)了Kahlo作品中Political和psychoanalytic為互相補(bǔ)充的關(guān)系。從而得出本題答案。

33.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theearlytwentiethcentury可定位原文第二段第二句?！癐nterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.（19世紀(jì)，人們對(duì)墨西哥文化和歷史的興趣重新燃起，到20世紀(jì)初，墨西哥原住民主義的傾向從對(duì)阿茲特克墨西哥的強(qiáng)烈反西班牙理想化，到強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)代墨西哥印第安人是真正墨西哥文化的關(guān)鍵。）”從而得出本題答案。

34.語義題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段最后一句。“Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.”romantic的意思為“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”，根據(jù)原文中的traditional,ideal判斷得出本題答案。

35.

細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Kahlo’sattitude,theeconomicdevelopmentofMexico可以定位到最后一段第一句，“KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.”第一句中提到了Kahlo’sattitude，她支持plannedeconomicdevelopment，接著but轉(zhuǎn)折，不能以culturalidentity為代價(jià)。從而得出本題答案。

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.Notthatitissolely,orchiefly,toformgreatthinkersthatfreedomofthinkingisrequired.Onthecontrary,itisasmuchorevenmoreindispensabletoenableaveragehumanbeingstoattainthementalstaturewhichtheyarecapableof.Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed:wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem:whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform;shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof:elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpeopleareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow;theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwhoholdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewith?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheAgeofReason

B.TheNeedforIndependentThinking

C.TheValueofRefutation

D.StirringPeople’sMinds

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfullyrational

C.determinedoncontroversy

D.havingaclosedmind

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes

B.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

C.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers

D.Excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章由問句導(dǎo)入引出文章主題“思考者的首要職責(zé)是跟隨自己的思維能力達(dá)成其可能帶來的結(jié)論，沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)的人不可能是一位偉大的思考者”，然后指出“思考者需要獨(dú)立思考”的觀點(diǎn)以及后續(xù)段落圍繞“獨(dú)立思考的重要性”進(jìn)行論述，可推知B項(xiàng)“對(duì)獨(dú)立思考的需要”正確。

A選項(xiàng)“理性時(shí)代”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處，屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“反駁的價(jià)值”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處，屬于以偏概全。

D選項(xiàng)“激動(dòng)人心的人們的思想”，文章第一段雖然有提及但是不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這是獨(dú)立思考帶來的好處，屬于以偏概全。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第二段第一二三句話Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside;ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.（只知道自己一方（觀點(diǎn)）的人對(duì)這個(gè)知之甚少。她的（辯護(hù)）理由也許很好，沒人能反駁。但是如果她同樣不能反駁對(duì)方的理由；如果她連它們（對(duì)方的論點(diǎn)）是什么都不知道，她就沒有理由偏愛任何一種觀點(diǎn)），由此可知答案選C選項(xiàng)“要熟悉贊成某人不同意的觀點(diǎn)的論點(diǎn)”。

A選項(xiàng)“有無法反駁的觀點(diǎn)”，見正確答案解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

B選項(xiàng)“選擇自己最喜歡的觀點(diǎn)”，見正確答案解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

D選項(xiàng)“暫停異端的推測(cè)，支持教條主義的方法”，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），停止了異端猜測(cè)反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致思想停滯不前，這里屬于反向干擾，不選。

第3題:推理判斷題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），從這里可知是異端猜測(cè)暫停會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們進(jìn)入不了偉大的時(shí)代，也就是說異端學(xué)說活躍才導(dǎo)致思想活躍才會(huì)把人們帶入到偉大時(shí)代，而文藝復(fù)興是思想活躍的時(shí)期，所以我們會(huì)經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)議原則”。

A選項(xiàng)“接受真理”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有，所以不選。

C選項(xiàng)“過度的熱情”，文中沒有提及屬于無中生有，所以不選。

D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)異端猜測(cè)的恐懼”，見正確解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。C選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及屬于無中生有，所以答案選C；

A選項(xiàng)“被傳統(tǒng)奴役”定位到第二段第四句Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.（對(duì)她來說，理性的立場(chǎng)是停止判斷，除非她滿足于這一點(diǎn)，否則她要么被權(quán)威人士所左右，要么像世界上大多數(shù)人一樣，站在她覺得最傾向的一邊），由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確；

B選項(xiàng)“不完全理性”，定位到第二段第三句話…ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeither（……如果她連它們是什么都不知道，她就沒有理由偏愛任何一種觀點(diǎn)），由此可知B選項(xiàng)正確；

D選項(xiàng)“封閉的思想”，定位到第二段第六句Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithhermind.（這不是公正對(duì)待這些論點(diǎn)的方法，也不是讓它們與她的思想真正接觸的方法），從這里作者委婉地表達(dá)出像題干那樣做的人思想是封閉的，并沒有真正的接觸到反方思想，由此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Whereanyofheterodoxspeculationwasforatimesuspended,wherethereisatacticconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.（任何異端猜測(cè)在那一段時(shí)間內(nèi)停止，在任何策略會(huì)議中其原則是不能爭(zhēng)議的，在任何討論中，那些能主導(dǎo)人性的討論被認(rèn)為是停止了的，我們都別想找到通常高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的精神活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)就是讓某些時(shí)間段的歷史被人們記住的原因），第二步，綜合理解，從這里可知那些沒有異端邪說的時(shí)代很難孕育出偉大的思想，反推就是偉大的時(shí)代存在異端學(xué)說，所以B選項(xiàng)正確；

A選項(xiàng)“真正偉大的思想家是不會(huì)犯錯(cuò)的”定位到第一段第二句Truthgainsmoreevenbytheerrorsofonewhowithduestudyandpreparation,thinksforhimself,thanbythetrueopinionsofthosewhoonlyholdthembecausetheydonotsufferthemselvestothink.（即使一個(gè)經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)和準(zhǔn)備，自己思考的人犯錯(cuò)誤，也比那些僅僅因?yàn)椴蛔屪约核伎级钟姓_意見的人更能獲得真理），思想家不是不犯錯(cuò)誤是那些經(jīng)過自己思考的人即使想錯(cuò)了也比那些不經(jīng)思考的更能夠成為思想家的，由此可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)已被接受的觀點(diǎn)的反駁最好由自己的老師提供”，定位到第二段第五句話Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.（她也不應(yīng)該僅僅從她自己的老師那里聽到對(duì)手的論點(diǎn)，就像他們陳述的那樣，并伴隨著他們提出的反駁。），作者并不贊同被動(dòng)地從老師那接受思想并且附和老師觀點(diǎn)，這樣思想是得不到提高的，由此可知C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“過多的爭(zhēng)論會(huì)妨礙清晰的思考”，定位到第一段最后一句話Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.（當(dāng)爭(zhēng)論回避那些足以點(diǎn)燃人們熱情的大而重要的課題時(shí)，一個(gè)民族的思想就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)從它的基礎(chǔ)和沖動(dòng)中被激發(fā)出來，這種沖動(dòng)甚至把最普通的智力的人提高到有思想的人的尊嚴(yán)的程度），要想民族的思想激發(fā)出來就不能回避爭(zhēng)論，由此可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

18.翻譯題

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(斷奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也許這個(gè)答案會(huì)解開人類嬰兒哭泣之謎。

2.但說到基因方面的原因，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為自然選擇會(huì)傾向于吵鬧的孩子的基因，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)得到更多的關(guān)注。

3.因此，有的進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家提出，自然選擇會(huì)傾向于所謂的誠實(shí)宣傳。

4.但隨著叫聲越來越多，母親的反應(yīng)也越來越少，因?yàn)樗齻冮_始懷疑哭聲的真實(shí)性。所以嬰兒的嗷叫隨之變少。

5.“這是一種非常保守的行為。這不是人類自己進(jìn)化出來的。”

19.單選題

Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.AstheLancetputitrecently:“Whenwetrytodescribefacespreciselywordsfailus,andweresorttoidentikit(拼臉型圖)procedures.”

Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendousfeat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothefundamentalproblemsofhowandwhyweacquirethisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.Isitaninbornpropertyofourbrains,oranacquiredone?Assooftenhappens,theexpertstendtodiffer.

Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.Insupportofthisthesetheynotehowmuchbetterweareatrecognizingafaceafterasingleencounterthanweare,forexample,inrecognizinganindividualhorse.Ontheotherhand,therearethose,andtheyareprobablyinthemajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.

Theargumentsinfavorofthislatterview,itmustbeconfessed,areimpressive.Itisahabitthatisacquiredsoonafterbirth.Watch,forinstance,howaquiteyoungbabyrecognizeshismemberbysight.Grantedthathisothersenseshelp-thesoundothervoice,hissenseofsmell,thedistinctivewayshehandleshim.

Butofallthese,sightispredominant.Formedattheverybeginningoflife,theabilitytorecognizefacesquicklybecomesanestablishedhabit,andonethatis,essentialfordailyliving,ifnotnecessarilyforsurvival.Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.

Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.Withtypicalhumaningenuitymanyoftheseunfortunatepeopleovercometheirhandicapbyrecognizingothercharacteristicfeatures.

1.Itisstatedinthepassagethat（）.

2.Whattheauthorfeelsstrangeaboutisthat（）.

3.Whatisthefirstsuggestedexplanationoftheoriginoftheability?

4.Accordingtothepassage,ho