考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thatevennewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetic,history,geography,etc.,isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren.

Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledge,judgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreater,notasmallerfactor,thanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise.

1.Intheauthor’sview,thebasicfaultofoldeducationconsistsin（）.

2.Theauthoragitatesreformsinthe（）.

3.Itseemsthatneweducationalistsfavor（）.

4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theinadequatesupplyofspecificsubjectsandprograms

B.thepoorimaginativecapacitiesofeducators

C.providinginflexibleeducationalconditions

D.makingpupilsreadtextbookswithoutdatedcontent

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.oldsubject-mattertofollowtechnologicaladvances

B.staleteachingmaterialsandteachingmethods

C.prescribedtextbooksandunchangingsystems

D.generalconsentaboutmultipurposetextbooks

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.teachingpupilsaccordingtoeachone’stalent

B.introducingthelatestinformationtotheyouth

C.renderinginstructionclosetopupils’experiences

D.supplementingalltextbookswithfreshmaterials4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.therigidschoolcurriculaarethoroughlytransformed

B.thenegativeeffectofoldeducationisonlypartlyrecognized

C.thetraditionalsubject-mattertotallysubstitutesfornewone

D.thereplacementofunvaryingcourseswithflexibleonesfails5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.educatorsdiscardtheirliabilityforthebeing-educated

B.teachershavesoundjudgmenttomaketherightchoice

C.instructorshelpestablishconditionsfavorabletopupils’growth

D.schoolmastersfunctionasequalco-operatorsinajointbusiness

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：在作者看來(lái)，舊教育的基本錯(cuò)誤在于_____。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“basicfault”和“oldeducation”可以定位到文章第一段Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.（舊的和傳統(tǒng)的教育的本質(zhì)弱點(diǎn)不僅僅是它強(qiáng)調(diào)提供明確的主題和活動(dòng)的必要性。這些東西對(duì)于任何可以被稱(chēng)為教育的東西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺點(diǎn)和不幸是，他們的想象力不能超越為學(xué)生提供一個(gè)固定的、僵化的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，而且他們的學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)源與學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷相距甚遠(yuǎn)。），B選項(xiàng)“教育工作者缺乏想象力”，符合原文表達(dá)的意思。A選項(xiàng)“特定科目和課程供應(yīng)不足”和C選項(xiàng)“提供固定的教育條件”，和原文表達(dá)的意思沖突，D選項(xiàng)“讓學(xué)生閱讀內(nèi)容過(guò)時(shí)的課本”在文中并沒(méi)有提及，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：作者在_________上鼓勵(lì)改革。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段第四句話Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.（新教育所需要的是更多的關(guān)注，而不是更少的關(guān)注素材和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。），可知A選項(xiàng)“跟隨技術(shù)進(jìn)步的老題材”符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“陳舊的教材和教學(xué)方法”，C選項(xiàng)“規(guī)定的教科書(shū)和不變的系統(tǒng)”和D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)多用途教科書(shū)的普遍認(rèn)可”在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：新的教育學(xué)家似乎更青睞_________。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第一段Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;（新教育所需要的是更多的關(guān)注，而不是更少的關(guān)注素材和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。但是，當(dāng)我說(shuō)“更多”的時(shí)候，我并不是指同樣的數(shù)量上的“更多”。我指的是一種富有想象力的愿景，認(rèn)為沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的計(jì)劃可以確定最能促進(jìn)每個(gè)年輕人教育成長(zhǎng)的確切主題；），原文表達(dá)的意思是沒(méi)有固定的教材可以促進(jìn)每個(gè)年輕人的成長(zhǎng)，不同的年輕人應(yīng)該使用不同的教育素材，因此A選項(xiàng)“因材施教”，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“向青年介紹最新的信息”，C選項(xiàng)“貼近學(xué)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行教學(xué)”，D選項(xiàng)“用新材料補(bǔ)充所有教科書(shū)”，均不符合原文意思，所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：如果_________，將有形成教育空白的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“educationalblank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.（如果我們不能比傳統(tǒng)教育提供一個(gè)主題更豐富、更多樣和靈活的主體的正確方向，不能在事實(shí)上比傳統(tǒng)教育更加明確，不能判斷針對(duì)這些教育的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，針對(duì)任何發(fā)生的事情，我們都將可能形成教育空白。），D選項(xiàng)“用靈活的課程替代不變的課程失敗了”說(shuō)法與句意一致。A選項(xiàng)“僵化的學(xué)校課程被徹底改變了”與句意相反。B選項(xiàng)“舊教育的負(fù)面影響只被部分認(rèn)識(shí)到”，在文中沒(méi)有提及，說(shuō)法無(wú)根據(jù)。C選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)的題材完全取代了新的題材”與句意相反。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。題干：只要_________，學(xué)生們就可以很好地防范不良的社會(huì)影響。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.（不管我們?cè)敢馀c否，年輕人都生活在某種環(huán)境中，而這種環(huán)境不斷地與兒童和青少年帶給它的東西相互影響，其結(jié)果是他們的興趣、心智和性格的塑造——是受教育的或者是受誤導(dǎo)的。如果自詡的教育家放棄判斷和選擇在他的理解下有利于成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境的責(zé)任，那么年輕人就會(huì)任由現(xiàn)代社會(huì)環(huán)境中所有無(wú)組織的、隨意的力量擺布，只要他們活著，這些力量就不可避免地會(huì)對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生影響。），所以只有教育者判斷和選擇對(duì)年輕人有利的環(huán)境，才能避免他們受到不良的影響，B選項(xiàng)“老師有足夠的判斷力來(lái)做出正確的選擇”，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“教育者放棄他們對(duì)受教育者的責(zé)任”和原文的意思相反，排除。C選項(xiàng)“教師幫助建立有利于學(xué)生成長(zhǎng)的條件”，教師只能幫助判斷和選擇環(huán)境，而不是主動(dòng)創(chuàng)造條件，所以C選項(xiàng)不對(duì)。D選項(xiàng)“校長(zhǎng)在聯(lián)合企業(yè)中扮演平等的合作者的角色”，在文中并沒(méi)有提及。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobalwarmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaice,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.

TwodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatternsaroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice,theresultofcoldwindsoffthecontinentblowingiceawayfromthecoastline.“Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwereonlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels,”saidPaulHollandattheBritishAntarcticSurvey.“Ourstudyofdirectsatelliteobservationsshowsthecomplexityofclimatechange.”TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.”

Theextentofseaiceisofglobalimportancebecausethebrighticereflectssunlightfarmorethantheocean,meaningtemperaturerisesstillfurther.ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurementsbegan30yearsago.Hollandsaidthechangingpatternofseaiceatbothpoleswouldalsoaffectglobaloceancirculation,withunknowneffects.HenotedthatwhileAntarcticseaicewasgrowing,theAntarcticicecap—theglacierandsnowpackonthecontinentwaslosingmass,withthefreshwaterflowingintotheocean.

TheresearchonAntarcticseaice,publishedinNatureGeoscience,revealedlargeregionalvariations.InplaceswherewarmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaicewasbeinglostrapidly.“Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceisbeinglostasfastasintheArctic,”saidHolland.

Butinotherareas,seaicewasbeingaddedasseawaterleftbehindicebeingblownawayfromthecoastfroze.Theneteffectisthattherehasbeenanextra17,000sqkmofseaiceeachyearsince1978—aboutatenthofapercentofthemaximumseaicecover.

Antarcticaisacontinentsurroundedbyanocean,whereastheArcticisanoceansurroundedbyacontinent.Forthatreason,saidHolland,seaicewasnotabletoexpandbythesamemechanismintheArcticasatthesouthernpole,becauseifwindspushedtheiceawayfromthepoleitquicklyhitland.

HollanddidtheresearchwithRonKwokatNasa’sjetpropulsionlaboratoryinCalifornia,wheremapsofseaicemovementswerecreatedfrommorethan5mindividualdailymeasurementscollectedover19years.Themapsshowed,forthefirsttime,thelong-termchangesinseaicedriftaroundAntarctica.Kwoksaid:“TheAntarcticseaicecoverinteractswiththeglobalclimatesystemverydifferentlythanthatoftheArctic,andtheseresultshighlightthesensitivityoftheAntarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestrengthofthewindaroundthecontinent.”

1.Thecontradictionofchangesinseaicecoverageatbothpoleshasbeenmadeclearby______.

2.AccordingtowhatHollandsaid,wecandrawtheconclusionthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistobeblamedforthemeltingseaice?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.datacollectedfromsatellites

B.twenty-year’smeasurements

C.computermodels

D.theBritishAntarcticSurvey

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.wecanrelyonsatellitetoestimatechangesinicedrift

B.hisresearchresultsconflictwithglobalwarming

C.thelocationofBellingshausenSeaisaroundtheAntarctic

D.theAntarcticicecoverageissensitivetochangesinwindstrength

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheArcticislosingseaiceasquicklyastheAntarctic.

B.TheAntarcticislosingseaicemuchfasterthantheArctic.

C.WhilesomeregionsoftheAntarcticaregainingseaice,otherregionsofitarelosingseaice.

D.SeaiceisbeinglostintheArctic,nottheAntarctic.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thewindfromthenorth.

B.Theglobalwarming.

C.Ecologicalunbalance.

D.Unknownfactors.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Effectivemeasurestocurbglobalwarmingarenotdiscussedinthepassage.

B.Themilitarysatellitesplayaveryimportantroleininvestigatingtheriseofsealevel.

C.TheArcticsealevelisatarecordlow.

D.Theauthorfindsasolutiontothelosingseaice.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第一句ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobalwarmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaice,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.（在全球變暖導(dǎo)致北極海冰融化的同時(shí)，南極洲周?chē)１臄U(kuò)張之謎已經(jīng)通過(guò)美國(guó)軍事衛(wèi)星的數(shù)據(jù)得到了解決。）A選項(xiàng)“從衛(wèi)星收集的數(shù)據(jù)”，文章第一段提到，南極洲周?chē)１鶖U(kuò)張，美國(guó)衛(wèi)星的數(shù)據(jù)解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“20年的測(cè)量”，文章所說(shuō)，20年來(lái)的測(cè)量表明，南極洲周?chē)粩嘧兓娘L(fēng)模式導(dǎo)致了海冰的小幅增加，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)模型”，文章所說(shuō)，冰川漂移的變化只是通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)模型推測(cè)出來(lái)的，而不是海冰覆蓋范圍，可排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“英國(guó)南極考察隊(duì)”，文章沒(méi)有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。D選項(xiàng)“南極冰的覆蓋范圍對(duì)風(fēng)力強(qiáng)度的變化很敏感”，文章最后一段提到Antarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestrengthofthewindaroundthecontinent.（這些結(jié)果突出了南極海冰覆蓋對(duì)大陸周?chē)L(fēng)力強(qiáng)度變化的敏感性），D選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A“我們可以依靠衛(wèi)星來(lái)估計(jì)冰漂移的變化”，可以定位到文章第二段第二句Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwereonlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels.（到目前為止，這些冰川漂移的變化只是通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)模型推測(cè)出來(lái)的），這些冰川漂移的變化只是通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)模型推測(cè)出來(lái)的，沒(méi)有提到衛(wèi)星可以估計(jì)冰漂移情況，A選項(xiàng)可排除。選項(xiàng)B“他的研究結(jié)果與全球變暖相矛盾”，文章第二段最后一句Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.（我們的研究結(jié)果與全球變暖并不矛盾），研究結(jié)果與全球變暖并不矛盾，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“別林斯高森海位于南極附近”，文章并沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。C選項(xiàng)“南極一些地區(qū)的海冰正在增加，而另一些地區(qū)的海冰卻在減少”，可以定位文章第二段第一句TwodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatternsaroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice.（20年來(lái)的測(cè)量表明，南極洲周?chē)粩嘧兓娘L(fēng)模式導(dǎo)致了海冰的小幅增加），可推測(cè)南極洲周?chē)粩嘧兓娘L(fēng)模式導(dǎo)致了海冰的小幅增加，以及文章第四段最后一句Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceisbeinglostasfastasintheArctic.（在一些地區(qū)，比如別林斯高森海，海冰的消失速度和北極一樣快）。因此可知南極地區(qū)的海冰正在增加，其他地區(qū)的海冰正在減少，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“北極的海冰正在以和南極一樣快的速度消失”，文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.（北極海冰融化的速度是南極海冰融化速度的五倍，所以平均而言，地球海冰融化的速度非常快），A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“南極海冰的融化速度比北極快得多”，文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.（北極海冰融化的速度是南極海冰融化速度的五倍，所以平均而言，地球海冰融化的速度非常快），B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“海冰正在消失的是北極，而不是南極”，可定位到文章倒數(shù)第四段第二句InplaceswherewarmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaicewasbeinglostrapidly.（在從熱帶吹向南極洲的暖風(fēng)變得更強(qiáng)的地方，海冰正在迅速消失），可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文。B選項(xiàng)“全球變暖”，文章第二段最后一句Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.（我們的研究結(jié)果與全球變暖并不矛盾），研究結(jié)果與全球變暖并不矛盾，可推測(cè)海冰的消失與全球變暖脫不開(kāi)關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自北方的風(fēng)”，文章所說(shuō)，風(fēng)會(huì)造成海冰的減少，也會(huì)造成海冰的增加，A選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“生態(tài)不平衡”，文章沒(méi)有提到此內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“未知因素”，文章已經(jīng)有研究結(jié)果，不存在未知因素，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。D選項(xiàng)“作者找到了解決海冰融化的辦法”，作者并沒(méi)有找到解決海冰融化的辦法，海冰的消失作用于環(huán)境變化，作者不可能找到辦法，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“文章沒(méi)有討論遏制全球變暖的有效措施”，文章沒(méi)有提到解決全球變暖的辦法，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“軍事衛(wèi)星在調(diào)查海平面上升方面起著非常重要的作用”，文章第一段最后一句hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.（南極洲周?chē)１臄U(kuò)張之謎已經(jīng)通過(guò)美國(guó)軍事衛(wèi)星的數(shù)據(jù)得到了解決），B選項(xiàng)正確，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“北極海平面處于歷史最低水平”，文章第三段第二句ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurementsbegan30yearsago.（今年夏天，北極海冰數(shù)量創(chuàng)下了30年前衛(wèi)星測(cè)量以來(lái)的新低），可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Whenthecrowdsawthemoviestaronthestreet,shoutsandcheers（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokethrough

B.brokeup

C.brokeforth

D.brokeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakthrough“突破”；breakup“分手，打碎”；breakforth“噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)”；breakoff“暫?！?。句意：當(dāng)人們?cè)诼飞峡吹诫娪懊餍菚r(shí)，歡呼聲爆發(fā)了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Opportunitiesforrewardingworkbecomefewerforbothmenandwomenastheygrewolder.Afterage40,jobhuntingbecomesevenmoredifficult.Manyworkersstayatjobstheyaretoooldforratherthanfacepossiblerejection.Ouryouth-oriented,threw-awaycultureseeslittlevalueinolderpeople.InwriterLillianHellman'swords,theyhave"thewisdomthatcomeswithagethatwecan'tmakeuseof.”

Unemploymentandeconomicneedforworkishigheramongolderwomen,especiallyminorities,thanamongyoungerwhitewomen.Anationalcouncilreportsthesefindings.Thoughunemployedlongerwhenseekingwork,olderwomenjob-huntharder,holdajoblongerwithlessabsenteeism,performaswellorbetter,aremorereliable,andaremorewillinggolearnthanmenoryoungerwomen.Yetmanyolderwomenearnpoorpayandfaceafutureofpovertyintheirretirementyears.Whensexismmeetsageism,povertyisnolongeronthedoorstep-itmovesin,accordingtoTishSommers,directorofaspecialstudyonolderwomenfortheNationalOrganizationforWomen.Yeta1981reportontheWhiteHouseConferenceonAgingshowsthatasagroup,olderAmericansarethe"wealthiest,bestfed,besthoused,healthiest,mostself-reliantolderpopulationinourhistory."Thisstatementissmallcomforttothoselivingbelowthepovertyline,butitdoesexplodesomeoftheoldtraditionalbeliefsandfears.

Opportunitiesformovinginandupinalargecompanymayshrinkbutmanyolderpeoplebeginsuccessfulsmallbusinesses,volunteerinsatisfyingactivities,andstayactiveformanyyears.Theyhavefewrolemodelsbecauseinpreviousgenerationsthelifespanwasmuchshorterandexpectationsoflifewerefewer.Theyareploughingnewground.

Employersarebeginningtorecognizethatthematurepersoncanbringagreatofstabilityandresponsibilitytoaposition.Onedoesn'tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone's65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.

1.Aftertheageof40,（

）.

2.FromHellman'sremark,wecanseethat（

）.

3.TishSommersarguesthat

（

）.

4.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,itcanbeseenthatolderAmericans

（

）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthewriter（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostworkersaretiredoftheirpresentjobs

B.manyworkerstendtosticktotheirpresentjobs

C.peoplefindtheirjobsmorerewardingthanbefore

D.peoplestillwishtohuntfoxmoresuitablejobs

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.fullusehasbeenmadeofthewisdomofolderpeople

B.thewisdomofolderpeopleisnotvaluedbyAmericansociety

C.olderpeoplearenolessintelligentthanyoungpeople

D.thewisdomofolderpeopleisofgreatvaluetoAmericansociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.olderwomenusuallyhardtoescapepoverty

B.olderwomenusuallyperformbetterintheirjobs

C.themajorcauseofthepovertyofolderwomenissexism

D.morepeoplehavecometobelieveinsexismandageism

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.havemorejobopportunitiesthanyoungpeople

B.livebelowthepovertyline

C.havenewopportunitiestoremainactiveinsociety

D.nolongerbelieveinthepromiseofahappylifeuponretirement

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.callsattentiontothelivingconditionsofolderAmericans

B.believesthatthevalueofolderpeopleisgainingincreasingrecognition

C.attemptstojustifytheyouth—oriented,throw-awaycultureoftheUnitedStates

D.arguespeopleshouldnotretireattheageof65or70

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的二三句“Afterage40,jobhuntingbecomesevenmoredifficult.Manyworkersstayatjobstheyaretoooldforratherthanfacepossiblerejection.”40歲以后，找工作變得更加困難。許多人寧愿待在因?yàn)樽约耗昙o(jì)太大而無(wú)法勝任的工作崗位上，也不愿面對(duì)可能的拒絕。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句，用作家LillianHellman的話來(lái)說(shuō)，他們擁有“我們無(wú)法利用的隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而來(lái)的智慧”。再根據(jù)選項(xiàng)來(lái)推斷，選項(xiàng)A中的“fulluse”明顯錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)B“年長(zhǎng)者的智慧沒(méi)有被美國(guó)社會(huì)所重視”，符合原文；選項(xiàng)C和D在文中沒(méi)有提及。所以本題選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段，然而，許多老年婦女收入微薄，在退休后面臨貧困的未來(lái)。據(jù)英國(guó)國(guó)家婦女組織一項(xiàng)針對(duì)老年婦女的特別研究的負(fù)責(zé)人TishSommers說(shuō)，當(dāng)性別歧視與年齡歧視發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，貧困就不再近在咫尺——它正在向貧困逼近。也就是說(shuō)，年長(zhǎng)的女性通常很難擺脫貧困，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Opportunitiesformovinginandupinalargecompanymayshrinkbutmanyolderpeoplebeginsuccessfulsmallbusinesses,volunteerinsatisfyingactivities,andstayactiveformanyyears.”盡管進(jìn)入大公司并晉升的機(jī)會(huì)可能會(huì)減少，但許多老年人開(kāi)始成功的小生意，自愿參加令人滿(mǎn)意的活動(dòng)，并在多年來(lái)都保持著活躍。由此可知，老年人有新的機(jī)會(huì)在社會(huì)上保持活躍，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主要表達(dá)的思想是美國(guó)社會(huì)忽略了年長(zhǎng)者的智慧，再根據(jù)最后一段末句“Onedoesn'tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone's65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.”一個(gè)人在65歲或70歲生日前夕不會(huì)喪失能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，正如一個(gè)人在21歲時(shí)不會(huì)立即長(zhǎng)大一樣。也就是說(shuō)，作者相信老年人的價(jià)值正在獲得越來(lái)越多的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweektorevengethemselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retaliate

B.recover

C.repel

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)retaliate“報(bào)復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)recover“恢復(fù)；彌補(bǔ)；重新獲得”；C選項(xiàng)repel“擊退；抵制；使厭惡；使不愉快”；D選項(xiàng)defend“辯護(hù)；防護(hù)”。句意：目前狀態(tài)不佳的西班牙隊(duì)將在下周全力以赴，為去年的失利向德國(guó)隊(duì)報(bào)仇。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞revenge“報(bào)復(fù)；替……報(bào)仇；洗雪”，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Facebook’stopexecutiveareeligiblefortwice-a-yearbonusesofupto45percentoftheirbasesalaries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.optional

B.qualified

C.desirable

D.casual

【答案】B

【解析】考查上下文語(yǔ)義與形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)optional“可選擇的”；B選項(xiàng)qualified“合格的，有資格的”；C選項(xiàng)desirable“值得擁有的，可取的”；D選項(xiàng)casual“隨便的；臨時(shí)的”。句意：Facebook的高管有資格獲得一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金，最高可達(dá)基本工資的45%。根據(jù)句意可排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)desirable與B選項(xiàng)qualified的區(qū)別在于：desirable通常修飾“值得的或可取的東西”，在這句話中則應(yīng)該是“一年兩次的獎(jiǎng)金”，通常用于itisdesirablethat（XX是可取的。）或者itisdesirableforsbtodosth（做某事是值得的。），而劃線詞修飾的是“Facebook的高管”，兩者用法不搭，而qualified通常與介詞for連用，AbequalifiedforB（A具備完成/擁有B的資格或能力），該詞與原文areeligiblefor詞義、用法最相近。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

7.填空題

Therearesignsthatspecialistsonthefamilyarebecomingmoreawareofthepartmenplayandthattheyhavedecidedthatwomenshouldnotreceiveallthecredit—andalltheblame.Wehavealmostgivenupsayingthatawoman’s

A

B

C

D

placeisinthehome.

【答案】Candalltheblame改為noralltheblame

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】前面說(shuō)到意識(shí)到男性的作用，可知后面表達(dá)的意思是不要把女性的作用放得那么大，也就是不要把功過(guò)都?xì)w結(jié)于女性，notreceiveallthecredit對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是noralltheblame。

【句意】有跡象表明，家庭專(zhuān)家越來(lái)越意識(shí)到男性所起的作用，他們認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該把所有的功勞都?xì)w于女性，也不應(yīng)該把所有的過(guò)錯(cuò)都?xì)w女性。我們幾乎放棄了“女性應(yīng)該呆在家里”的說(shuō)法。

8.單選題

Thepersonwho（

）thistypeofresearchdeservesourpraise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.originated

B.manufactured

C.generated

D.estimated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。originate“引起，創(chuàng)作”；manufacture“制造，加工”；generate“生成，使發(fā)生”；estimate“估計(jì)，判斷”。句意：發(fā)起這項(xiàng)研究的人值得贊揚(yáng)。只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhave（）opportunitytochangehismind.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accurate

B.urgent

C.excessive

D.adequate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。accurate精確的；urgent緊急的；excessive過(guò)分的；adequate充分的。句意：根據(jù)法律,當(dāng)一個(gè)人擁有充足的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力,他應(yīng)具有充分的機(jī)會(huì)去改變他的注意。選項(xiàng)D更符合句意。

10.單選題

IthinkI’dliketostayhomethisevening（

）goingoutasitisrainingtooheavily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.betterthan

B.otherthan

C.ratherthan

D.soonerthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。betterthan“超過(guò)，多于，好于”；otherthan“除了，不同于”；ratherthan“而不是；寧可……也不愿”；soonerthan“早于”。句意：我今晚想待在家里，而不是出去，因?yàn)橥饷嫦麓笥?。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

They（）sotiredifthey（）forawholeday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldn’tfeel,didn’twalk

B.wouldn'tfeel,weren’twalking.

C.wouldn'tbefeeling,weren’twalking

D.wouldn'tbefeeling,hadn’tbeenwalking

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)與題干可知本題考查混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣，if引導(dǎo)的條件句中表示的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，應(yīng)該用had+過(guò)去分詞，因此可以排除選項(xiàng)A、B、C，又因?yàn)橹骶洳糠直硎镜氖乾F(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，所以需要用would+動(dòng)原，由此可知，此題選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。句意：如果他們不是一整天都在走路，那么他們將不會(huì)感到如此疲憊。

12.單選題

Itonlytookafewsecondsforhertosize（）thesituation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.up

C.on

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查sizeup“打量；估計(jì)……的大?。慌袛唷?，其他的選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有這種搭配。句意：她只花了幾秒鐘審時(shí)度勢(shì)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

WhenMr.Simpsonwenttoapplyfora

intheofficeofalocalnewspaper,hewastoldtoseethemanager.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.career

B.position

C.profession

D.location

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Career“事業(yè)”；position“職位”；profession“職業(yè)，專(zhuān)業(yè)”；location“位置，地點(diǎn)”。句意：當(dāng)辛普森先生去當(dāng)?shù)匾患覉?bào)紙尋求職位時(shí)，他被告知去見(jiàn)經(jīng)理。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

14.單選題

TheestablishmentofEarthDaybeganwithanideaproposedinOctober1969byJohnMcConnell,aSanFranciscoresident.McConnellapproachedtheSanFranciscoBoardofSupervisorswitharesolutiontodevoteonedayayeartopublicawarenessdedicatedtonatureandtheweakecosystemthatmakesupit.Theday'seventswouldemphasizetheurgencyofallinhabitantsoftheplanettotakeresponsibilityforbuildingahealthyandecologicallysustainableplanetforthepresentandlongintothefuture.TheboardwasimpressedwithMcConnell'sideaanddeclaredEarthDayanannualcelebrationtobeheldonMarch21,thedateofthevernalequinox.McConnellstated“Thisisthemomentwhennightanddayareequalthroughouttheearth—remindingusofEarth'sbeautifulsystemofbalancewhichhumanityhaspartiallyupsetandmustrestore.”EarthdaywasestablishedasanationaldayofcelebrationintheUnitedStatesin1970andwasembracedbytheUnitedNationsin1971whenitdeclaredanEarthDayceremonytobeheldeachyearonthedayoftheMarchEquinox.WhenthefirstEarthDaywascelebratedintheUnitedStatesonApril22,1970,twentymillionparticipantsnationwidetookpartinteach-ins,streetdemonstrations,andworkshopsin2,000communitiesand12,000collegesandhighschoolcampuses.Themajorpublicconcernatthattimewasindustrialpollutionanditseffectontheairwebreathe,thewaterwedrink,andthehealthoftheplanetwaslivein.thosecelebrationsledtopowerfulpublicoutcriesforlegislationmandatingecologicallysoundenvironmentalpoliciesandrigidcontrolsonindustrialpollution.Overtheyears,theissuesofconcernhaveexpandedgreatlyintoaspectsofair,water,soil,andnoisepollution.Whetheritcomesfromvehicles,factories,agriculture,housing,orprivateproperty,publicconcernandactivismcontinueswithcitizensfromaroundtheworldinvolvedineffortstoachieveasustainableandenduringecosystem.

EarthDayactivitiesaresupportedandsponsoredbyalargenetworkoforganizations,governmentagencies,businesses,universities,andinstitutions.TheyworkdiligentlyeachyeartomakeEarthdayeventsmeaningfulandrelevanttotheinhabitantsofPlanetEarth.Theregularobservanceofthisholidayfixesenvironmentalvaluesintothenationalconsciousnessandprovidesanopportunitytointroduceenvironmentalissuesintoschools,mediaandpublicevents.ItshouldbenotedthatEarthDayactivitieshavebeeninstrumentalinbringingaboutmanyofthesignificantenvironmentalchangesthathavetakenplaceinthelastthreedecades.

1.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）

2.Accordingtothepassage,onMarch21,（）

3.WhichofthefollowingdatesisdefinitelyaninternationalEarthDay?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?

5.Itcanbeconcludedthat（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.howtostartanationalholiday

B.whentheEarthdaywasintroduced

C.thereasonsforestablishingtheEarthDay

D.theoriginandmovementoftheEarthDay

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theboardacceptedtheproposalofMcConnell

B.theUnitedNationsdeclaredanEarthDaycelebration

C.dayandnightareequallydividedthroughouttheworld

D.theearthisatitsmostbeautifulmomentthroughouttheyear

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.October1,1969.

B.March21,1970.

C.April22,1970.

D.March21,1972.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.OnlycollegestudentsandscholarsparticipatedintheactivitiesonthefirstEarthDay.

B.Themovementhasgrownfromconcernoverindustrialpollutiontoallkindsofenvironmentalpolluti