考研考博-英語-華北電力大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華北電力大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我們正準(zhǔn)備和他們進(jìn)行一些交易，所以我們想確切地了解他們的信用狀況。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。transmit傳播；傳送：transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)任;transact辦理;執(zhí)行；進(jìn)行（貿(mào)易、談判等）;transport運(yùn)輸。空格處的賓語是business(商業(yè)，交易)，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Theamountofopenspacehas（

）asmoreandmorelandisdeveloped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dominated

B.dwindled

C.dispersed

D.disseminated

【答案】B

【解析】dominate控制，支配，占優(yōu)勢；dwindle減少，變??；disperse分散，傳播；disseminate散布，傳播。句意：隨著越來越多的土地被開發(fā)，開放空間的數(shù)量減少了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.單選題

Lastyearourschoolfootballteamwonfour（）games.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obsessive

B.concessive

C.successive

D.excessive

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。obsessive強(qiáng)迫性的，著迷的；concessive讓步的，妥協(xié)的;successive連續(xù)的，接替的；excessive過度的。句意：去年我們學(xué)校足球隊(duì)連續(xù)贏了四場比賽。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofarticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedby（）buyers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspective

B.prospective

C.prosperous

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perspective“透視的”；B選項(xiàng)prospective“潛在的；預(yù)期的”；C選項(xiàng)prosperous“繁榮的；興旺的”；D選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的”。句意：拍賣通常事先做廣告，詳細(xì)說明要出售的物品以及……買家何時(shí)何地可以看到這些物品。拍賣會前提前打好廣告，目的是想要有意向的買家注意到物品，從而參與進(jìn)來。所以這里是指潛在的買家。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.

【答案】我們所遇到的幾乎所有重要問題都涉及到人的行為，而且僅靠物理技術(shù)和生物技術(shù)是無法解決這些問題的。我們所需要的是一種行為技術(shù)，但是可能產(chǎn)生這種技術(shù)的科學(xué)一直發(fā)展緩慢。難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。物理學(xué)和生物學(xué)一度模仿類似的做法并且只有當(dāng)它們拋棄這些做法后才得到發(fā)展。行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

6.翻譯題

一本好書就是一位益友。它始終如一，過去如此，現(xiàn)在依然如此，將來也絕不會改變。它是最有耐心、最令人愉悅的朋友。在我們身處逆境、痛苦不堪的時(shí)候，它也不會背棄我們。它總是善意地接待我們，在我們年輕時(shí)給我們以快樂和教益，在我們年邁時(shí)給我們以安撫和慰藉。書籍的靈魂是不朽的，它們是人類迄今最為持久的結(jié)晶。

【答案】Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.Itisthemostpatientandcheerfulcompanion.Itdoesnotturnitsbackuponusintimesofadversityordistress.Italwaysreceivesuswiththesamekindness,amusingandinstructingusinyouth,andcomfortingandconsolingusinage.Bookspossessanessenceofimmortality.Theyarebyfarthemostlastingproductsofhumaneffort.

7.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersintheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheels.Itisallverywell,againtohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedrive,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“Bekindtootherdrivers”campaign;otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanner,butgoodsense,too.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwithdeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgivesrisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadaremainlycausedby

.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule”(Para.A.1)impliesthat_________.

3.By“goodsense”,thewritermeans

.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,______.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion,______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.people’sattitudetowardsroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstituteamajorityofmotorists

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultyandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句話“Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.”可知，公路上的麻煩主要是由司機(jī)的行為導(dǎo)致的。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到如今彬彬有禮的駕車者卻成了例外（Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedrive,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule），由此可推測粗魯?shù)乃緳C(jī)占了大多數(shù)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段第一句提到道路禮儀不僅是好的態(tài)度，還是良好的意識（Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanner,butgoodsense,too.），接著又提到當(dāng)遇到不文明行為時(shí)，只有頭腦最冷靜、脾氣最好的司機(jī)才能抵制報(bào)復(fù)的誘惑（Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior），說明良好的意識就是能夠忍受一些不良的行為，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話提到專家?guī)啄昵熬透嬲]我們汽車數(shù)量的增多需要道路使用者相互理解（Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers），因此選項(xiàng)CB符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句話“Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.”一個(gè)資深的司機(jī)，認(rèn)為司機(jī)應(yīng)該學(xué)會正確加入交通而不會造成令人生氣的交通阻塞?？芍?，作者認(rèn)為司機(jī)應(yīng)該適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂枚Y貌。因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

IputmveartotheobjectandlistenedcarefullyasIfirsttappeditlightlywithachopstickandthenstrikeditwithahammer;Iwantedtofindoutifitwashollow,preferablywithoutbreakingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iputmveartotheobject

B.asIfirsttappeditlightly

C.thenstrikeditwithahammer

D.washollow,preferably

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。striked改為knocked。后面提到“withoutbreakingit”,這種程度應(yīng)該用Knocked合適。

9.寫作題

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.

1.China’sOpportunitiesandChallengeswiththeComingofGlobalization.

2.SomepeoplebelievethattheEarthisbeingdamagedbyhuman,activity.OthersfeelthathumanactivitymakestheEarthabetterplacetolive.Whatisyouropinion?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.

【答案】略

10.單選題

Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecast,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.faint

B.dizzy

C.gloomy

D.opaque

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)faint“模糊的；頭暈的；虛弱的”；B選項(xiàng)dizzy“眩暈的；昏亂的；心不在焉的”；C選項(xiàng)gloomy“黑暗的；沮喪的”；D選項(xiàng)opaque“不透明的；不傳熱的；遲鈍的”。句意：盡管有……經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測，但制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出略有上升。既然句中有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明前半部分的經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測是負(fù)面的，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)符合語境，表示“令人沮喪的經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測”。

11.單選題

Inthepresenteconomic（

）,itisevenmorenecessarytohavemoreknowledgethanbefore.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.air

B.mood

C.area

D.climate

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)air“空氣，大氣”；B選項(xiàng)mood“情緒，氣氛”；C選項(xiàng)area“區(qū)域，地區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)climate“氣候，風(fēng)氣，思潮，風(fēng)土”。air指自然界中的環(huán)境氛圍。mood側(cè)重人的情緒。area側(cè)重地理位置的區(qū)域，地區(qū)。句意為：當(dāng)前的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢，要求比以前更有必要掌握更多的知識。故正確答案選D。

12.單選題

Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;justasourpresentillnesseshavebeenquitedifferentfromthoseofthenineteenthcentury.Althoughourhealthisimprovinginmanywaysandwearelivinglongerthaninpreviousdecades,newdiseasesandconditionsthreatenthequalityofourlives.Wehavealreadyobservedsomesignificantchangesinthe1980sthatforetoldwhathealthproblemslieaheadinthetwenty-firstcentury:

Diseasesoftheimmunesystem,notjustAIDSbutvariousconditionsofadeficientoroveractiveimmunesystem,havereachedepidemicproportions.

Thenumberofpeoplesufferingfromviralconditionsthatareincurablewithconventionaltherapiesisincreasing,andthenumberofnewlydefinedviralconditions,suchastheEpstein-BarrVirusandcytomegalovirus,isalsoincreasingsignificantly.

Moreandmorebacterialinfectionsarebecomingresistanttocommonlyusedantibioticsandarerequiringstrongerantibiotics,whichalsoarenetalwayssuccessfulincuringtheinfections.

Allergiestofoods,tocommonsubstancessuchasanimalhairsandhousedust,andtonewchemicalsarebecomingmoreprevalent.OneinsevenAmericanshadanallergyin1950,asmanyasoneinfivehadanallergyin1970,andapproximately75millionAmericans,ornearlyoneinthree,hadanallergyin1985.

Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,thepercentageofchildrenunder17yearsofagewhoarelimitedinactivityduetochronicconditionsincreasedby86%from1967to1979.

Mentaldiseaseisaffectingmoreandmorepeople.TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthestimatedin1984thatoneineveryfiveAmericanshadamentaldisorder.Thissamestudyrevealedthat,duringasix-monthperiod,8.3%ofAmericanssufferedfromananxietydisorder,6.4%hadanalcoholordrugproblem,and6%hadamooddisorder.

Inadditiontothesevarioustrends,oneofthemoresignificantfactsthatwillaffectthefutureofhealthcareisthatlargerpercentageofthepopulationwillbeover65yearsold.AccordingtoprojectionsbytheUSBureauoftheCensus,thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationOver65in1985willhavedoubledby2030.

Futuristsgenerallyassumethattwenty-firstcenturymedicinewillincludenewandmore-powerfuldrugsandvariousinnovativetechnologicalinterventions.However,futuriststendtoignoretheseriousproblemspresentlyarisingfromconventionalmedications.Accordingto1986statistics,theaverageAmericanreceives7.5prescriptionsayeahThisisaparticularlyfrighteningnumberbecauseweallknowtherearepeoplewhohavenotbeenprescribedanymedicationsinthepastyear,whichmeansthatsomeoneelseisgettingtheir7.5drugs.

Sincemostdrugshavesideeffects,someofwhicharequiteserious,andsincethesickpersonisoftenprescribedseveraldrugsatthesametime,anyofwhichmayhaveevengreaterpotentialforsideeffects,itisnowonderthat50%ofthetimepeopledonotevengettheirdrugprescriptionsfilled.Additionallyvariousstudieshaveindicatedthat25%to90%ofthetimepatientsmakeerrorsinadministeringthemedicines.Despitetherespectthatpeoplegenerallyshowinwardpresent-dayphysicians,theredoesnotseemtobeequalconfidenceinthetreatmentstheyprescribe.

1.Thatdiseasesofthe21stcenturyaredifferentfromthoseof20thcenturyis（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdiseasesoftheimmunesystem?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

4.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat（）.

5.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,in1984,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatscientistsareworriedabout

B.awell-groundedstatement

C.drawnonchangesinthemedicalprofession

D.notnecessarilytrue

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyrefertoAIDSonly.

B.Theybecomeepidemicinthe21stcentury.

C.Theycropupinvariousorgans.

D.Theymakepatientsoveractiveandfeelrestless.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Casesofchronicdisabilityincreasedbyanalarmingrateof86%inthelate1980s.

B.Chronicdisabilityusedtoaffectoldpeopleonly.

C.Chronicdisabilitycausessomepeopletobelimitedinactivity.

D.Chronicdisabilityhasincreasedgreatlyamongtheteenagers.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.manyofthe21stcenturydiseasesarecloselyrelatedtotheenvironment

B.theaveragelifespanwillbecomestilllongerdespiteallthefuturediseases

C.man'sabilitytoresistdiseaseswillnotchangewithtime

D.peopleofthe21stcenturyknowbetterhowtomakefulluseoftheirprescribedmedicine.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.25%oftheAmericanshadamentaldisorder

B.doctorspredictedthatthementalcaseswouldbedeclininginthe21thcentury

C.thesizeoftheAmericanpopulationover65withmentaldisorderswasdoubled

D.casesofmentaldisordersincreasedquickly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.本題可采用排除法。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒有提及科學(xué)家們的擔(dān)心,所以不正確；根據(jù)第一段第一句“Diseasesofthetwenty-firstcenturyareinevitablybedifferentfromthoseofthetwentiethcentury;”可知選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤；結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文講述的是20世紀(jì)存在的事實(shí),由此可知是對21世紀(jì)的推測,所以選項(xiàng)B表述也不正確；只有選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,免疫系統(tǒng)疾病,不僅是艾滋病,甚至包括免疫系統(tǒng)缺陷或過度活躍的各種情況,都已達(dá)到流行病的程度。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第六段第一句“Chronicdisabilityisaffectingpeoplemorefrequentlyatyoungerandyoungerages.”可知,選項(xiàng)B不正確。

4.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一句,除了這些不同的趨勢之外,影響醫(yī)療保健未來的一個(gè)更重要的事實(shí)是,65歲以上的人口比例將更大。也就是說,盡管未來會有各種疾病,但人類的平均壽命將會變得更長。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theNationalInstituteofMentalHealth”定位到倒數(shù)第四段,根據(jù)上下文,精神疾病正在影響越來越多的人,每五個(gè)美國人中就有一個(gè)患有精神障礙。由此可知,精神疾病的病例迅速增加。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

13.單選題

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.

Sinceabout1970,newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.Thereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.

Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.

Inonestudy,researchersexaminedthebrainofalearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.

ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwind,anearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshoulD.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.

Otherstudiesdidnotexaminebraintissue.Instead,theymeasuredthebrain’selectricalactivityandmadeamanoftheelectricalsignals.

FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.

1.Scientistfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

3.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPTthat______.

4.DoctorDuffybelievedthat______.

5.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchshouldbemade______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.structureandfunction

B.colorandfunction

C.sizeandarrangement

D.colorandarrangement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromtheunknownareaofthebrain

B.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrain

C.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromabnormalorganizationofbraincells

D.Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder

B.alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns

C.readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation

D.thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hefoundtheexactcauseoflearningdisabilities

B.theproblemoflearningdisabilitieswasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrain

C.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesresultedfromtheleftsideofthebrain

D.theproblemoflearningdisabilitiesdidnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toinvestigatepossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganization

B.tostudyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwrite,andusenumbers

C.tohelplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligence

D.toexplorehowtheleftsideofthebrainfunctionsinlanguagelearning

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章第四段“Oneinvolvedcellsintheleftsideofthebrain,whichcontrollanguage.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledperson,however,thesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.”，中文翻譯為：其中一個(gè)是大腦左側(cè)控制語言的細(xì)胞。這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的。然而，在學(xué)習(xí)障礙者中，這些細(xì)胞是灰色的。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒有按照應(yīng)有的方式排列。神經(jīng)細(xì)胞混合在一起。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“white”“gray”可排除A、C選項(xiàng)，以及“cellswerenotinaline”（細(xì)胞不在一條線上）可排除B選項(xiàng)，因此可判斷D選項(xiàng)“顏色和排列”正確。

2.推理判斷題。通讀全文，A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能來自大腦的未知區(qū)域。”在文中并沒有提及，因此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由于大腦大面積受損造成的?！痹谖闹械谖宥巍癏ebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probably,hesaid,nervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.Sothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrossed.”中文翻譯：他認(rèn)為大腦的這一側(cè)不能正常發(fā)育。他說，很可能那里的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并沒有正常連接。所以大腦就像一個(gè)電線交叉的電子裝置?？赏茰y，大腦受損導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)障礙。因此B選項(xiàng)正確，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由腦細(xì)胞的異常組織引起的?！痹谖闹械诙巍癟hereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganized.”中文翻譯：毫無疑問，所有的學(xué)習(xí)障礙都是由大腦組織方式的差異造成的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合原文意思，可排除。D選項(xiàng)Learningdisabilitiesmayresultfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.“學(xué)習(xí)障礙可能是由左腦問題引起的。”可定位到文中第五段“DoctorGeschwindproposedthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsintheleftsideofthebrain.”中文翻譯：Geschwind博士提出學(xué)習(xí)障礙主要是由左腦問題引起的。因此，D選項(xiàng)也是直接來自原文，可排除。

3.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“manyfactorsaccountforlearningdisorder”（許多因素導(dǎo)致了學(xué)習(xí)障礙），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings”，中文翻譯：科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在知道有許多不同種類的學(xué)習(xí)障礙，它們是由許多不同的事情引起的。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“alearning-disabledpersonshowsnooutwardsigns”（有學(xué)習(xí)障礙的人沒有外在的跡象），可定位到原文第三段“Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.”中文翻譯：你不能看著一個(gè)孩子就知道他或她是否有學(xué)習(xí)障礙。沒有這種紊亂的外在跡象。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。C選項(xiàng)“readingdisabilitiesareacommonproblemthataffects10percentofthepopulation.”（閱讀障礙是影響10%人口的一個(gè)常見問題），可定位到文中第一段第二句“Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.”中文翻譯：大約有10%的兒童患有這種疾病。與C選項(xiàng)不符，因此C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“thebrainactivityoflearning-disabledchildrenisdifferentfromthatofnormalchildren.”（學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動(dòng)與正常兒童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知學(xué)習(xí)障礙者控制語言的左腦細(xì)胞是灰色的，而這些細(xì)胞通常是白色的?？赏茰y學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童的大腦活動(dòng)與正常兒童不同。因此選項(xiàng)D正確。綜上所述，C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“DoctorDuffy”可定位到文中最后一段FrankDuffyexperimentedwithhistechniquesatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchisevidencethatreadingdisabilitiesinvolvedamagetoawideareaofthebrain,notjusttheleftside.中文翻譯：達(dá)菲在波士頓兒童醫(yī)院醫(yī)療中心試驗(yàn)了他的技術(shù)。達(dá)菲博士

說，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域。A選項(xiàng)“他找到了學(xué)習(xí)障礙的確切原因”，不符合題意，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題不僅限于左腦”，達(dá)菲博士的研究證明“閱讀障礙還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域”，因此，選項(xiàng)B正確。C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題是由左腦造成的”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)障礙的問題并不在于大腦的左側(cè)”不符合題意，可排除。綜上所述，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.推理判斷題。A選項(xiàng)“研究可能對大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，B選項(xiàng)“研究兒童如何學(xué)習(xí)讀寫和使用數(shù)字”，C選項(xiàng)“幫助學(xué)習(xí)障礙兒童發(fā)展智力”，D選項(xiàng)“探討左腦在語言學(xué)習(xí)中的作用”。根據(jù)題干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“達(dá)菲博士說，他的研究證明，閱讀障礙不僅會損害大腦的左側(cè)，還會損害大腦的大部分區(qū)域?！保纱丝赏茰y接下來的研究會探討“大腦發(fā)育和組織的影響”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Theclockworksallthetimeevenwhentherearenooutsidesignstomarkthepassingoftime.Thebiologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonandflyaway.Andittellsanimalswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Itcontrolsbodytemperature,thereleaseofsomehormonesandevendreams.Thesenaturaldailyeventsarecircadianrhythms.

Manhasknownaboutthemforthousandsofyears.ButthefirstscientificobservationofCircadianrhythmswasnotmadeuntil1729.InthatyearFrenchastronomer,Jean-Jacquesd'OrtousdeMairan,notedthatoneofhisplantsopeneditsleavesatthesametimeeverymorning,andclosedthematthesametimeeverynight.Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime.

Laterscientistswonderedaboutcircadianrhythmsinhumans.Theylearnedthatman’sbiologicalclockactuallykeepstimewithadayofalittlelessthan25hoursinsteadofthe24hoursonaman-madeclock.

AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks.Thepeopleinhisexperimentsareshutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.Dr.Weitzmanhopeshisresearchwillleadtoeffectivetreatmentsforcommonsleepproblemsandsleepdisorderscausedbyagingandmentalillness.

ThelaboratoryisintheMontefioreHospitalinNewYorkCity.Ithastwolivingareaswiththreesmallroomsineach.Thewindowsarecovered,sonosunlightormoonlightcomesin.Therearenoradiosortelevisionreceivers.Thereisacontrolroombetweenthelivingareas.Itcontainscomputers,one-waycamerasandotherelectronicdevicesforobservingthepersoninthelivingarea.Theinstrumentsmeasureheartbeat,bodytemperature,hormonesintheblood,othersubstancesintheurineandbrainwavesduringsleep.

Adoctorormedicaltechnicianisondutyinthecontrolroom24hoursadayduringanexperiment.Theydonotworkthesametimeeachdayandarenotpermittedtowearwatches,sothepersoninthelaboratoryhasnoideawhattimeitis.

Inthefirstfouryearsofresearch,Dr.Weitzmanandhisassistanthaveobserved16menbetweentheagesof21and80.Themenremainedinthelaboratoryforaslongassixmonths.Lastmonth,asciencereporterforTheNewYorkTimesnewspaper,DavaSobol,becamethefirstwomantotakepartintheexperiment.SheenteredthelaboratoryonJune13thandstayedfor25days.MissSobolwrotereportsabouttheexperimentduringthattime,whichwerepublishedintheNewspaper.

1.Thebiologicalclockisbelievedtoplayanessentialrolein（

）.

2.Inhisobservation,theFrenchscientistnoticedthattheleavesofacertainplantmaintainedtheiropening-and-closingcycles

（

）.

3.Thesentence“Theyarefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.”(InParagraph4)probablymeans

（

）.

4.IntheexperimentconductedbyMr.Weitzman,thedoctorwhoisondutydoesnotworkthesametimeeachday

（

）.

5.WhatisMr.Weitzman’sultimatepurposeofestablishingalaboratory?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theregulationofbodytemperature

B.thesecretionofhormones

C.animalreproduction

D.manyaspectsofplantandanimalphysiology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.evenwhenitwaskeptinamurkyplaceallday

B.evenifitwasplacedinthemoonlight

C.evenwhenhewasobservingitfromadarkplace

D.evenduringthenighttime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanleadtheirdailylivesaccordingtotheirbiologicalclocks,withoutreferringtoaman-madeclock

B.Theycanlistentothewonderfulrhythmsofthebiologicalclockandliveclosetothem

C.Theycanlivebyregulatingtheirowncircadianrhythms

D.Theyarefreefromtheannoyingrhythmsofeverydaylife

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.inordertoobservetheabnormalbehaviorofthepeopleatdifferenttimes

B.soasnottoberecognizedbythepeople

C.soastoavoidindicatingtothepeoplewhattimeitiswhenhestartswork

D.soastoleavethepeople’scircadianrhythmsindisorder

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Hewantedtohavehisexperimentreportpublishedinthenewspapers.

B.Peoplearefreetolistentoandlivebytheircircadianrhythms.

C.Hewantedtofindawaytotreatpeople’sdiseases.

D.Hecouldgainsomereputationforthefirstscientificobservationofcircadianrhythms.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“生物鐘在什么方面扮演著非常重要的角色？”文章第一段第一句話提到“所有生物鐘都有一個(gè)控制其行為的內(nèi)在生物鐘”（Everylivingthinghasaninnerbiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior），接著提到生物鐘告訴植物什么時(shí)候開花。告訴動(dòng)物什么時(shí)候進(jìn)食，什么時(shí)候睡覺和清醒，這些都說明生物鐘能夠引導(dǎo)動(dòng)植物的生理機(jī)能，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“法國科學(xué)家觀察到植物在何種情況下依然會遵循開與收的循環(huán)？”文章第二段提到“即使把這株植物放在一個(gè)全黑的環(huán)境，它依然會遵循這個(gè)規(guī)律”（Theplantdidthisevenwhenhekeptitinadarkplaceallthetime），因此，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“第四段‘他們可以自由按照自己的生物規(guī)律生活’意味著什么？”文章第四段第一句提到“一位美國醫(yī)生建立了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室來研究我們的生物鐘如何運(yùn)作”（AboutfouryearsagoanAmericandoctor,EliotWeitzman,establishedalaboratorytostudyhowourbiologicalclockworks），由此可知選項(xiàng)A“他們可以按照自己的生物鐘而不用參考人為制造的時(shí)鐘來生活”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在威茨曼先生的試驗(yàn)里，負(fù)責(zé)的醫(yī)生同樣也不按照時(shí)鐘的時(shí)間工作的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到“他們（醫(yī)生）每天工作時(shí)間一樣不允許戴手表，所以實(shí)驗(yàn)室的人都沒有時(shí)間概念”（Theydonotworkthe