考研考博-英語-南京航空航天大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京航空航天大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

MoscowseemstobemovingpastitsoldfearofanexpandedNATO.ThoughRussiadoesnotwanttojoinNATO——PutinandotherpoliticianshavemadeitclearthattheyconsiderRussiacapableofensuringitsownsecurityitisplacinganew（）onfosteringtiewithitsNATOneighbors.

問題1選項

A.premium

B.prelude

C.preponderance

D.preamble

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。premium“額外費用”；prelude“前奏，序幕”；preponderance“優(yōu)勢，多數(shù)”；preamble“序文，先兆”。又根據(jù)固定搭配placeanewpremiumon“鼓勵，重視”，句意：普京和其他政客已經(jīng)明確表示，他們認為俄羅斯有能力確保自己的安全俄羅斯注重加強與北約鄰國的關(guān)系。選項A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese

Thedebateaboutgovernment’ssuccessesandfailuresdemonstratesagainthatdrawingtheboundarybetweenmarketandgovernmentisanenduringproblem.Thetoolsofeconomicsareindispensabletohelpsocietiesfindthegoldenmeanbetweenlaissez-fairemarketmechanismsanddemocraticrulesoftheroad.Thegoodmixedeconomyis,perforce,thelimitedmixedeconomy.Butthosewhowouldreducegovernmenttotheconstableplusafewlighthousesarelivinginadreamworld.Anefficientandhumanesocietyrequiresbothhalvesofthemixedsystem—marketandgovernment.Operatingamodemeconomywithoutbothisliketryingtoclapwithonehand.

【答案】關(guān)于政府的成功與失敗的討論再次表明，劃清市場與政府之間的界限是一個長期存在的問題。經(jīng)濟學(xué)工具是幫助社會找到自由放任的市場機制和民主的道路規(guī)則之間中庸之道不可缺少的。良好的混合經(jīng)濟必然是有限的混合經(jīng)濟。但是那些把政府降為警察和幾座燈塔的人正生活在一個夢幻世界里。一個高效的、人道的社會需要混合系統(tǒng)的兩部分—市場和政府。在沒有兩者的情況下經(jīng)營現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟，就像試圖用一只手鼓掌一樣。

3.單選題

Employeesknewfromthevery（）thattheirjobswouldfinishthisyear.

問題1選項

A.upshot

B.outbreak

C.outcome

D.outset

【答案】D

【解析】考查形似詞詞義辨析。upshot“結(jié)局，結(jié)果”；outbreak“（戰(zhàn)爭的）爆發(fā)”；outcome“結(jié)果，結(jié)局”；outset“開始，開端”。句意：員工從開始就知道他們的工作今年就會結(jié)束。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Theemployertriedto（）hisemployeesfromstagingrollingstrikesbythreateningtoclosedowntheentireplant.

問題1選項

A.forbid

B.intimidate

C.avoid

D.distract

【答案】A

【解析】forbidfrom...為固定搭配，意為“阻止，禁止”。句意：雇主威脅要關(guān)閉整個工廠，試圖阻止他的員工罷工。選項A符合句意。

5.單選題

AsIhavementioned,animportantsourceofhumanstressisthe（

）betweenthedemandsoftheindividualandthoseofhissociety.

問題1選項

A.splash

B.smash

C.crash

D.clash

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。splash“濺潑聲，濺潑”；smash“破碎”；C項“crash撞擊（聲），破裂（聲）；撞車，（車輛等）碰撞”；dash“猛沖”。句意：正如我所提到的，人類壓力的一個重要來源便是個人與所處社會需求之間的沖突。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Thegreatestdevastationofoldageisthelossofmentalfaculties,andwiththeneardoublingoflifeexpectancyinthepastcenturyhascomethemixedblessingoflivinglongerandlosingmore.Afewgreatthinkersandartistsremainedproductiveintheirlateryears—Galileo,Monet,Shaw,Stravinsky,Tolstoy—buteventheywerenotwhattheyhadbeenintheirprimes.Inscience,theboomfallssoonerstill:“personwhohasnotmadehisgreatcontributiontosciencebeforetheageof30willneverdoso,”saidEinstein.

Imagineifwecouldtransplantoldbrainsintoyoungerbodies:wouldourmindsstayyoung,orwouldwebesenileteenagers,scalingmountainsandskateboardingat120,butforgettingwhereweputthecarkeys?Isthebrainuniquelyvulnerabletotheravagesoftime?Cananythingbedone?

Incontrovertibleevidencefrommanystudiesshowsthatahigherlevelofeducationandgreatermentalactivitythroughoutlifecorrelatewithlowercognitivelossesinoldage.Thesebenefitsapplytoallsortsofcognitivelosses,includingthoseassociatedwithAlzheimer’s.Someresearchersbelievethatmentalapplicationinearlylifeproducescomplexneuralconnectionsthatprovideareservelateron

othersarguethateducationmerelygivespeoplethemeanstocopewithandcompensatefortheirlosses.

K.WarnerSchaie,aprofessorofhumandevelopmentandpsychologyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,hasstudiedage-relatedchangeinmorethan5,000people,someformorethan40years.Comparingearlierwithlaterrecruits,Mr.Schaieconcludesthattherateofmentaldeclineisslowing，achangeheattributestobettereducation,healthierdiet,lessenedexposuretoseriousdisease,andmorementalactivity.“You’vegottopractice,”Mr.Schaiesays,“Ifyoudon’tsolveproblems,younolongercansolveproblems.”Retirementcanbeparticularlyhard,headds,becauseformanypeople,workistheirmostchallengingactivity.“Retirementisgoodforpeoplewho,vehadroutinejobs—theymayfindsomethingmorestimulating.Butit’sdisadvantageousforpeopleinhigh-leveljobs,whoarelesslikelytofindsomethingasstimulatingasthejobtheyhad.”

K.AndersEricsson,apsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,confirmsMr.Schaie’semphasisonthevirtueofpractice.Initiallyinterestedinexpertperformerslikemusicians,hefoundthatmanyostensiblegeniusesaren’treallysodifferentfromeveryoneelse—theyjustpracticeharderandlonger,benefitingfromsheerlabor,ratherthanfromsomespecialgift.Professionalmusicianswhocontinuetopracticeassiduouslyastheyagecontinuetoplaywell,whileamateurswhojustplayforpleasureshowage-relateddeclines.

Mr.Ericsson’sstudiesfailedtoshowsignificantgeneralizedbenefitsfrommentalexercise.“Ifyouplaytennis,youimproveyourgeneralfitness,butthegreatestimprovementisspecifictotennis,nottoothersports.It’sthesamewithcognitiveexercise.Youhavetolookatyourlifeandpickwhatyouwanttoimprove.”

1.Accordingtothetext,mostgreatthinkersandartists（

）

2.Thethirdpassagetellsusthathigherlevelsofeducation（

）.

3.Inthistexttheauthor’smainintentisto（

）.

4.Retirementcanbegoodforpeoplewho（

）.

5.Thelastparagraphtellsusthatmentalexercise（

）.

問題1選項

A.wereproductiveevenintheirlateryears

B.weremostsuccessfulbeforetheageof30

C.madecontributionsregardlessofage

D.contributedthemostbeforeoldage

問題2選項

A.canhelppreventAlzheimer’s

B.arerelatedtogreatermentalawarenessinyouth

C.arerelatedtolowerlevelsofmentaldeclineinoldage

D.areonlyofmanyfactorsthatcanslowtherateofmentaldecline

問題3選項

A.underscorethedifficultiesrelatedtoaging

B.critiquedifferenttheoriesofmentaldeclineinoldage

C.arguethatoldageneednotbeabarriertogreataccomplishments

D.understandhowpeoplecancountertheimpactsofagingonmentalfaculties

問題4選項

A.havealwayshadverybusyworklives

B.canfindmorestimulatingactivitiesthantheyhadthroughwork

C.havehadhigh-leveljobsorverystimulatingworkexperiences

D.havepreviouslyhadunsatisfyingworkexperiences

問題5選項

A.offersbenefitsspecifictothatkindofexercise

B.shouldbepairedwithphysicalexerciseformaximumbenefit

C.iscomparabletophysicalactivitiesintermsofitsimportancetooverallhealth

D.cancounterage-relatedmentaldecline

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句提到很少的思想家和藝術(shù)家在他們晚年依然保持創(chuàng)造力，比如伽利略，莫內(nèi)，肖恩等，但是遠遠不及他們的壯年時期。選項D符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句話Incontrovertibleevidencefrommanystudiesshowsthatahigherlevelofeducationandgreatermentalactivitythroughoutlifecorrelatewithlowercognitivelossesinoldage。選項C的表述與之相近，所以符合題意。

3.文章在第一段提出年老會使人智力下降，接著列舉了幾位研究人員關(guān)于這個問題的研究，主要關(guān)于老年腦力和認知能力衰退的情況，還有受教育程度和工作種類對智力衰退的影響。A、C兩個選項很容易排除；文章并沒有將重點放在如何解決年老帶來的問題，所以D選項也排除。選項B符合題意。

4.文章第四段Retirementisgoodforpeoplewho’vehadroutinejobs—theymayfindsomethingmorestimulating.選項B的描述與之相近，所以符合題意。

5.文章最后一段第一句話提到研究并不能表明腦力鍛煉能夠產(chǎn)生全面的好處。之后舉打網(wǎng)球的例子進一步說明腦力鍛煉只能獲得與此鍛煉相關(guān)聯(lián)的好處，選項A與此信息一致。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Alreadyintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,therehadbeenapowerfulalignmentbetweenruralculturalethicsandchurchteaching.

問題1選項

A.alliance

B.agreement

C.conflict

D.contradiction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項alliance“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合；聯(lián)姻”；B選項agreement“協(xié)議；同意，一致”；C選項conflict“沖突，矛盾；斗爭；爭執(zhí)”；D選項contradiction“矛盾；否認；反駁”。句意：早在18和19世紀(jì)，鄉(xiāng)村文化倫理和教會教義之間就已經(jīng)有了強有力的結(jié)合。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞alignment“結(jié)盟”，得知A為正確答案。

8.單選題

TheCanterburyTales（

）writtenbyChaucer.

問題1選項

A.hasbeen

B.were

C.was

D.hadbeen

【答案】C

【解析】句意:坎特伯雷故事集是喬叟寫的。

語法題?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語為TheCanterburyTales(一本書),后面又有關(guān)鍵信息writtenbyChaucer,所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時和第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選C。

9.單選題

WhenStevenfinallyemergedfromthecaveafterthirtydays,everyonepresentwas（

）.

問題1選項

A.smuggled

B.startled

C.appealed

D.stabilized

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項smuggle“走私，偷運”；B選項startle“使驚奇，使嚇一跳”；C選項appeal“呼吁”；D選項stabilize“使穩(wěn)固，使安定”。

句意：當(dāng)史蒂文30天后終于從山洞里出來時，在場的人都嚇了一跳。選項B符合句意。

10.單選題

Colorandsexarenotrelevant（

）whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.

問題1選項

A.on

B.for

C.to

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配的介詞。berelevantto表示“與……相關(guān)的”，句意：人種和性別與一個人是否適合工作無關(guān)。因此，本題正確答案為C項。

11.單選題

Shetookupsomanyhobbies（）whensheretiredthatshehadhardlyanytime.

問題1選項

A.inhand

B.athand

C.onherhands

D.atherhand

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了同義詞組辨析。inhand“在手中；掌握住”；athand“在手邊；即將到來”；onherhands“（雙手）趴在地上”；atherhand“在她手上”，此處表達的意思是“掌握多門興趣愛好”，所以要用詞組inhand，故正確答案為選項A。句意為：在她退休在家?guī)缀鯖]有什么時間的時候她居然掌握了多門業(yè)余愛好。

12.單選題

Thegreat（）betweentheteamsdidnotmakeforanentertaininggame.

問題1選項

A.disparity

B.discomfit

C.discretion

D.dislocation

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項disparity“明顯差異”；B選項discomfit“使難堪”；C選項discretion“自行決定權(quán)；審慎”；D選項dislocation“（制度、進程、生活方式）紊亂”。句意：兩隊之間的巨大（）并沒有使比賽變得有趣。Dislocation形容制度等，不能和team搭配，disparity可以和team搭配，也符合生活中因為兩個團隊的巨大差異讓比賽有看點的場景。因此A選項正確。

13.翻譯題

邁克爾是那種你真想恨一恨的家伙，他總是樂呵呵的，總是說些積極向上的話。如果有人問他近況如何，他會這樣回答：“如果我還能再好，我就成雙胞胎了”。他生來就會讓人積極進取。

如果哪位雇員有天過得很糟糕，邁克爾會告訴他如何看待問題的積極一面。他的這種方法著實讓我好奇，所以有一天我找到邁克爾問：“我真弄不明白。你怎么能總是那樣積極樂觀？你是如何做到這一點的？”

邁克爾回答說，“每天早上醒來我對自己說，邁克，今天你有兩種選擇。你可以選擇心情愉快，你也可以選擇心情惡劣?！蔽疫x擇心情愉悅。每次心情不愉快的事情發(fā)生時，我可以選擇成為一個犧牲品，也可以選擇從中吸取教訓(xùn)。我選擇從中吸取教訓(xùn)。每次有什么人找我來抱怨，我可以選擇接受他們的抱怨，也可以選擇向他指出生活的積極面。我選擇指出生活的積極面。

【答案】Michaelisthekindofguyyoulovetohate.Heisalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshassomethingpositivetosay.Whensomeonewouldaskhimhowhewasdoing,hewouldreply,‘IfIwereanybetter,I’dbetwins!”Hewasanaturalmotivator.

Ifanemployeewashavingabadday,Michaelwastheretellingtheemployeehowtolookonthepositivesideofthesituation.Seeingthisstylereallymademecurious,soonedayIwentuptoMichaelandaskedhim,‘Idon’tgetit.Youcanbepositiveallthetime.Howdoyoudoit?

Michaelreplied,‘eachmorningIwakeupandsaytomyself,Mike,youhavetwochoicestoday.Youcanchoosetobeinagoodmoodoryoucanchoosetobeinabadmood.Ichoosetobeinagoodmood.Everytimesomethingbadhappens,IcanchoosetobeavictimorIcanchoosetolearnfromit.Ichoosetolearnfromit.Everytimesomeonecomestomecomplaining,Icanchoosetoaccepttheircomplainingorpointoutthepositivesideoflifetothem.Ichoosetopointoutthepositivesideoflife.

14.單選題

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

問題1選項

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“確認，確定”；B選項“完成，達到”；C選項“匹配，適合，匹敵”；D選項“夸張，夸大”；題干中rival“競爭對手，同行者，匹敵”，句意：他們的成就超出了他們的夢想，為他們的家庭故事增添了任何故事或普通生活都無法匹敵的魔力。因此C選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Thereisthefearthatbabiesmightbegeneticallyalteredtosuittheparents'wishes.

問題1選項

A.enhanced

B.revised

C.alternated

D.modified

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:人們擔(dān)心有些父母為了使小孩達到他們的期望而（

）其基因。

enhance:提高，加強，增進。revise修改，校訂。alternate交替，輪流。modify修改，更改，改變。alter:改變，更改。

16.單選題

Doesusingawordprocessoraffectawriter’sstyle?Themediumusuallydoesdosomethingtothemessageafterall,evenifMarshallMcLuhan’sclaimthatthemediumsimplyisthemessagehasbeenheardandlargelyforgottennow.Thequestionmatters.RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.Thebest-knownrecruitisLenDeighton,fromaslongagoas1968,thoughmostusershaveonlystartedsincethemicrocomputerboombeganin1980.

Ironicallywordprocessingisinsomewayspsychologicallymorelikewritinginroughthantyping,sinceitrestoresfluidityandprovisionallytothetext.Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences,orletsomethingstandwhichheknowstobeunsatisfactoryorincomplete,outofweariness.Inwordprocessingthetextisloosenedupwhilststillretainingtheadvantageoflookingformallyfinished.

Thishas,Ithink,twoapparentlycontradictoryeffects.Theinitialwritingcanbecomeexcessivelysloppyandcareless,intheexpectationthatitwillbecorrectedlater.Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.However,thesearefaultseasiertodetectinothersthaninoneself.MyownexperienceofthesheerdifficultyofcommittinganywordsatalltothepagemeansI’mgratefulforallthehelpIcanget.

Formostwriters,wordprocessingquiterapidlycomestofeelliketheidealmethod(andcanalwaysbeasecondstepafterdraftingonpaperifyouprefer).MostofthewritersinterviewedbyHammondsayithasimprovedtheirstyle,(“immensely”，saysDeighton).Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.

Thusitisnotjustbyfreeingyoufromthelaborofmechanicalretypingthatawordprocessorcanhelpyoutowrite.Oneauthor(TerenceFeely)claimsithasincreasedhisoutputby400%.Possiblythefeelingofhavingareactivemachine,whichappearstodothings,ratherthanjusthavethingsdonewithit,accountsforthis—yourslaveworkshardandsodoyou.

Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”，saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.Notoriouslyitispossibletoloseworkaltogetheronawordprocessor,andthishappenstoeverybodyatleastonce.Theawarenessthatwhatyouhavewrittennolongerexistsanywhereatall,isunbelievablyenragingandbaffling.

Willwordprocessinggenerallyraisethelevelofprofessionalwritingthen?Doesitmakewritersbetteraswellasmoreproductive?Thoughallusersinsistithasdonesoforthemindividually,thisishardtobelieve.Butreliancehappensfast.

1.WhatappearstobechangingrapidlyinBritainandtheUSA?

2.Typingamanuscriptintheconventionalmannermaymakeawriter（

）.

3.Oneeffectofusingawordprocessormaybethattheongoingrevisionofatext

（

）.

4.Itisclaimedherethatwordprocessorscreate

（

）.

5.Asfaraslearningtouseawordprocessorisconcerned,theauthorofthepassagefeelsthatHammond（

）.

問題1選項

A.Thestylewritersareemploying.

B.Thewaynewwritersarebeingrecruited.

C.Themediumauthorsareusing.

D.Themessageauthorsareputtingforward.

問題2選項

A.havealotofsecondthoughts

B.becomeovercriticalofhisorherwork

C.makemoremistakes

D.takefewrisks

問題3選項

A.isdonewithtoolittleattention

B.producesasloppyeffect

C.failstoproduceafluentstyle

D.doesnotencourageonetopickupmistakes

問題4選項

A.afeelingofdistancebetweenawriterandhisorherwork

B.theillusionthatyouaretheservantofthemachine

C.asensationofpower

D.areluctanceintheauthortoexpresshimselforherself

問題5選項

A.isunderstatingtheproblem

B.exaggeratesonedrawback

C.istooskepticalabouttheadvantage

D.overestimatesthedangeroflosingtext

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的RayHammond,inhisexcellentguideTheWriterandtheWordProcessor,predictsthatoverhalftheprofessionalwritersinBritainandtheUSAwillbeusingwordprocessorsbytheendof1985.（RayHammond在他的優(yōu)秀指南《作家和文字處理者》中預(yù)測，到1985年底，英國和美國超過一半的專業(yè)作家將使用文字處理器）可知C選項“作家使用的工具”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞typing定位到文章第二段中，由Thetypist’sdreadofhavingtogetoutthetippex,thescissorsandpaste,orofredoingthewholethingifhehasanysubstantialsecondthoughts,canmakehimconsistentlychoosethesaferoptioninhissentences（打字最害怕的是要涂改、刪減和增加，或者如果他有任何實質(zhì)性的想法，就會重新做整件事，這會使作者始終選擇更安全的句子表達）可知用傳統(tǒng)的方式打字會使作者不愿冒險大膽寫作而選擇安全的表達，因此D選項“不冒風(fēng)險”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞revisionofatext定位到文章第三段中，由Thatcrucialfirstinspirationisnevereasytorecapture,though,andtherefore,ontheotherhand,thewritingcanbecomeover-deliberated,lackinginflowandspontaneity,sincerevisionbecomesalargepartofcomposition.（然而，這種至關(guān)重要的第一靈感總是不容易被重新獲得的，因此，從另一方面來說，寫作可能會變得過于深思熟慮，缺乏流動性和自發(fā)性，因為修訂成為作品的一大部分）可知C選項“無法產(chǎn)生流暢的風(fēng)格”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Seeingyourownwordonascreenhelpsyoutofeelcoolanddetachedaboutthem.（在屏幕上看到你自己的文字，會讓你感到冷靜和超然）可知A選項“作家與作品之間的距離感”符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Aretherenodrawbacks?Itcostsalotandtakestimetolearn—“expecttoloseweeksofwork”，saysHammond,thoughdaysmightbenearerthemark.（“沒有缺點嗎？學(xué)習(xí)使用文字處理器花費了很多時間學(xué)習(xí)，預(yù)計會損失幾周的工作”，Hammond說，盡管幾天可能會更準(zhǔn)確些）可知B選項“夸大一個缺點”符合題意。

17.單選題

Onlybypublishingatleastfivearticlesontopjournals（

）havethechancetobepromotedtoprofessors.

問題1選項

A.teacherscan

B.canteachers

C.ateachercan

D.canateacher

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。這里考查的是部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句子開頭是only引導(dǎo)的狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，用來修飾整個句子時，空格部分主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)該使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。故需要將情態(tài)動詞和助動詞提前。句意為：只有頂級期刊上發(fā)表至少五篇論文，老師們才有機會晉升為教授。因此選項B正確。

18.不定項選擇題

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.

Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendinocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.

Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythreatofrisinglevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?

3.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?

4.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?

問題1選項

A.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction

B.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive.

C.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction

D.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout

問題2選項

A.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.

B.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.

C.Theturtlepopulationhaddecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.

D.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.

問題3選項

A.Theirlowerreproductivelyability.

B.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.

C.Contaminationofseawater

D.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.

問題4選項

A.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.

B.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

C.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.

D.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。A選項“政府的官僚作風(fēng)導(dǎo)致了海龜?shù)臏缃^”；B選項“人類活動已經(jīng)改變了海龜?shù)纳娣绞??！?；C選項“海洋生物學(xué)家正在尋找海龜繁殖的秘密”；D選項“人們已經(jīng)采取措施保護海龜免于滅絕”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

（人們對它們給予了如此多的關(guān)注，你可能會認為這些生物至少會心存感激，不會走向滅絕。）這里可知答案選D。B、C選項文章沒有提及；根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句話AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines（為了保護它們在大西洋沿岸的主要筑巢地，政府已經(jīng)豎起了一道強大的官僚主義墻）A選項錯誤。

第2題:推理判斷題。題干：作者說“大自然對人類的公平觀念漠不關(guān)心”的意圖是什么。A選項“大自然的進程不會因為人類的干擾而改變”；B選項“在海歸的存活上大自然還是很公平的”；C選項“盡管人類在保護它但是海龜?shù)臄?shù)量在減少”；D選項“海龜天然地對人類活動不感興趣”。根據(jù)第二段第一句…areportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,…（……魚類及野生動物管理局的一份報告顯示，北大西洋幾種海龜?shù)臄?shù)量出現(xiàn)了令人擔(dān)憂的下降……）從這里可知答案選C，其他選項，第二自然段沒有提及。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。題干：伊麗莎白?格里芬認為什么是對海龜生存的主要威脅。A選項“他們的生育能力低”；B選項“他們的食物不足”；C選項“污染的海水”；D選項“無節(jié)制的商業(yè)捕魚”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第二、三句話…wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendinocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.（……我們忽視了在海洋中度過的歲月。“威脅來自商業(yè)捕魚，”格里芬說。拖網(wǎng)漁船（在水中和海底拖著大網(wǎng)）和長線漁船（可以在魚線上部署數(shù)千個魚鉤，可以延伸數(shù)英里）對海龜造成嚴(yán)重傷害。），因此，答案選D。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。題干：氣候變暖對海龜有什么影響。A選項“不斷上升的海平面使它們的幼崽難以生長?！保籅選項“它威脅著它們產(chǎn)卵的沙灘”；C選項“它們需要更長的時間來適應(yīng)海灘的高溫”；D選項“不斷變化的氣候使它們的卵難以孵化”。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythreatofrisinglevelsastheoceanswarm.（海龜產(chǎn)卵的狹長海灘一邊因開發(fā)而受到擠壓，另一邊則因海洋變暖而面臨海平面上升的威脅。）所以答案選B。

19.單選題

Asthegreatlowebbofhightechsweepsthroughtheworldofonlinecommerce,twokindsofsitesareweatheringthestorm.Thefirstgroupisoftenreferredtoas“clicksandmortar”——onlineextensionsofstoreslikeWalmartorSears.Theytakeanexisting,traditionalbusinessandextenditintotheonlinearena.ThesecondgroupprovidesauniqueservicemadepossiblebytheInternet’sspecialcharacteristics.Jobsitesandonlineauctioneere-BayarebothgoodexamplesofthenewbreedofbusinessthattheInternetcontinuestofoster.

Cisoneofthelattergroup.It’sawebsitethatprovidesuserswithonlinestoreswheretheycansellshirts,mugs,andmousepadscustomizedwiththeirownlogosand/orslogans.Byitself,thisisafairlyusefulservice,andanexampleofhowtheInternethaschangedtheartofmarketingandcustomerservice.

C,however,isratherremarkableforanotherreason.Customersdon’tneedtoprintlargelotsofitems.Theydon’tneedtoworryaboutshippingthegoodstotheircustomers.Andtheydon’tneedtotalktoanotherhumanbeingtogettheirstore“built”inthefirstplace.Thesiteletsyouuploadanimageandchoosewhatsortofitemyou’dlikeittoappearon.Youcanthenchoosehowmuchtomarktheitemup—thedifferencebetweentheitem’sbasecostandyourmark-uppriceisyourprofit.

Basepricesarehigh,butunderstandablewhenyouconsiderwhatdoesfortheinitialinvestment.An11-ouncemugstartsat$10.99.Forthat,printsthemugonapiece-by-piecebasis,providestheorderingsoftware,handlesthemoney,packsit,andshipsitforyou.Themug’spurchaserpaysshippingandhandlingcosts;thestoreowner’seffortislimitedtouploadingtheoriginalimageforthemug,settingthecost,andwritingabriefdescriptionoftheitem.

Itseemstobecatchingon.“Moreandmorecompaniescometous,whowanttodosomekindofmerchandising,whowanttoofferarangeofproductstotheirusers,butdon’twantthehassles（麻煩事）associatedwithit,”saysMaheeshJain,cafepress.corn’sco-founderandvice-president.“That’swherewecomein—we'reoneofthefewcompaniesthatofferthiskindoffull-servicesolution.”

Butthemostexcitingaspectofisnotitsabilitytohelpmajorcorporationsoutsource（外包）andcustomizetheirmerchandisingefforts.What’sremarkableaboutthesystemishowsimpleitistoopenastore.Anaverageindividualwithanideathatcouldsell50T-shirtsormugscan’tjustifyatraditionalmerchandisingeffort,butwith,userscaneasilybringideastofruition（完成）withverylittletimeandnofinancialrisk.Moreover,thequalityofthemerchandiseisgood;I’veorderedamugandashirtfrom,andbothwereshippedrelativelypromptly,andarrivedexactlyaspromised.Cisanideathat’seasytogetexcitedabout.It’sasmall—buttangibleexampleofhowtheInternetcanchangethewaywelive.

1.Theexpression“weatheringthestorm”inthefirstsentencemeans（

）.

2.Thefirstkindofsitediffersfromthesecondkindofsiteinthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutCisNOTtrue?

4.WhatkindofcustomersneedCmostaccordingtoitsvice-president?

5.WhatisthemostoutstandingaboutCaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.survivingacrisis

B.comingintobeing

C.strugglinginthestorm

D.beingdominatedbyastormyhightechwave

問題2選項

A.thefirstkindsellscommoditieswhilethesecondoffersservice

B.thefirstkindextendsitemssoldbeyondthetraditionalcategories

C.thesecondkindisrisingwhilethefirstkindisdecliningintheworldofonlinecommerce

D.thesecondkindoffersuntraditionaljobstopeopleexperiencedillauctioning

問題3選項

A.Itscustomersarethosewhowanttosellthingsratherthanbuythings.

B.It,alongwithsimilarsites,haschangedthetraditionalwayofmarketing.

C.Itkeepsitsprofittoaminimuminordertoattractonlinecustomers.

D.Itsusersdon'thavetotransacttheitemstobesoldface-to-facewiththeircustomers.

問題4選項

A.Thosewhosellagreatvarietyofitems.

B.Thosewhosellunconventionalcommodities.

C.Thosewhowantto