考研考博-英語-南華大學(xué)船山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南華大學(xué)船山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thewrapperitself______theshopper,whousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.

問題1選項

A.isnotaninterestto

B.isofnointerestto

C.isnotinterestedto

D.isuninterestingto

【答案】B

【解析】考查interest的意義和用法，固定搭配beof(no)interesttosb.“（不）會引起……的興趣”；區(qū)別interested“感興趣”，interesting“有趣的”，interest“興趣，愛好”。A項語義不符，C項表示“包裝紙對顧客不感興趣”不符合句子邏輯，D項也不符合邏輯；本句句意是：對于顧客來說，包裝紙本身不會引起其興趣，通常，他們立即就將其扔掉了。根據(jù)語義，B項最符合。

2.單選題

Psychologyhasslowlyevolvedintoan（

）scientificdisciplinethatnowfunctionsautonomouslywiththesameprivilegesandresponsibilitiesasothersciences.

問題1選項

A.independent

B.unusual

C.outmoded

D.exceeded

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。independent“獨立的”；unusual“不尋常的；與眾不同的”；outmoded“過時的”；exceeded“非常的；過度的”。句意：心理學(xué)已慢慢演變成一個獨立的學(xué)科，如今有著與其他自然科學(xué)同樣特權(quán)和責(zé)任的它獨立自主地行使職責(zé)。由functionsautonomously可知A項符合語境。

3.單選題

AsmanyofthearticlesinthisissueofTheMcKinseyQuarterlydemonstrate,companiesinthedevelopedworldareoutsourcing（資源外置）everlargerportionsoftheirbusinesstolow-cost,highlyskilledworkersinthedevelopingworld.Drivingthistrendistheremarkableabilityoftheglobalworkforcetolearnonthejob.

Infact,therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,political,andintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.TheresearchoftheMcKinseyGlobalInstitute(MGI)duringthepastdecadehasconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

MGIhasfoundampleevidenceinthedevelopingworldtosupportthisconclusion.InBrazil,forexample,thetwoleadingprivateretailbanksarelocallyownedandstaffedbutachievenear-globallevelsofbest-practiceproductivity.AHondafactoryinBrazilperformsalmostaswellasthecompany’sJapaneseandUSplants.Inthesamecountry,theFrenchhypermarketchainCarrefourachievesabout90percentoftheproductivitythatitachievesathome.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Ihavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimeforeducation.Theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Wecanconcludefromthesecondparagraphthatinpoorcountries（

）.

2.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theeconomicgrowthisneeded

（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,educationgotstarted（

）.

問題1選項

A.progressineducationisnecessaryforthepoliticaldevelopment

B.theimportanceofeducationhasbeenoverestimated

C.thepooreducationresultsinthelowstandardsofliving

D.thetraditionalviewabouteducationisgroundless

問題2選項

A.beforeeducationcanprogress

B.beforeapoliticalsystemcanoperate

C.inpoorcountriestoescapepoverty

D.toadapttothecompetitiveenvironment

問題3選項

A.whenthegovernmentforcedpeopletostudy

B.whenourancestorshadenoughtime

C.whenourancestorswerenolongerphysicallyhungry

D.beforeourancestorsfoundbetterwaystogetfood

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong（然而，在貧窮國家教育應(yīng)該是最優(yōu)先促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的觀點是錯誤的）可知B選項“教育的重要性被高估了”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由最后一段中的Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation...Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.（當(dāng)競爭環(huán)境推動我們的祖先實現(xiàn)這一潛力時，他們又能提供更多的教育……然而，缺乏正規(guī)教育并不會限制發(fā)展中國家勞動力在可預(yù)見的未來大幅度提高生產(chǎn)力的能力）可知經(jīng)濟的增長需要適應(yīng)競爭環(huán)境，因此選D。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第四段的內(nèi)容為：教育與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的真正關(guān)系是什么？我開始懷疑持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟增長會促進(jìn)教育的發(fā)展，即使政府不強制教育。畢竟，教育就是這樣開始的。當(dāng)我們的祖先一萬年前是獵人和采集者時，他們沒有時間接受教育?？芍逃_始在我們的祖先找到更好的食物的方法之前，因此選D。

4.單選題

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

問題1選項

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。appalling表示“可怕的，令人震驚的”；A項bewildering“使人困惑的”，B項exasperating“使人惱怒的”，C項dismaying“令人震驚的，令人驚恐的”，D項upsetting“令人心煩意亂的”。句意：盡管工作條件惡劣，這些非法移民每天還是得工作很長時間。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇C項正確。

5.單選題

Newtechnologyismakingthetraditionalfarmingmachineryandmethods（）.

問題1選項

A.efficient

B.emergent

C.obsolete

D.nostalgic

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。efficient“有效率的”；emergent“緊急的”；obsolete“過時的”；nostalgic“懷舊的”。句意：新的科技使傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)機械和方法漸漸過時了。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

TheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenIslamandviolenceinAsiamustbedonewithinasinclusiveaperspectiveaspossible.AstheexampleoftheevolutionofJihadillustrates,simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.TheemergenceofJihadcannotbeunderstoodwithoutseeingitinthecontextoftheglobalizationofactivistorganizations.Similarly,suchdevelopmentsmustbeviewedwithintheframeworkofglobalreligiousresurgence.ThisisnotaphenomenonthatisrestrictedtoMuslimorganizationsinAsia.TheissueoftherelationshipbetweenreligionandviolenceinvolvesexaminationofHindu,Jewish,Christian,andothertraditions,aswellasIslam.Theroleofviolenceinreligionisanimportantpart,ofthechallengesfacingAsianIslamatthecrossroadsofhistoryinthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.

Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.ThesemanydimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleneedtobebetterunderstood.Thewholestructureofsocietyisbeingtransformedinthemodernera.IssuesinvolvingthedefinitionofthenatureofthesocialorderareanimportantpartofthecrossroadssituationofMuslimcommunitiesandsocietiesinAsiaatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.Concernaboutthechangingnatureofthesocialorderis,inmanyways,acontinuationoflong-standingIslamicperspectives.TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.Theconcentrationontheissueofthe"IslamicState"is,inimportantways,a"modem"concern,reflectingthegeneraltendencyofmodernitytobestate-centeredratherthancommunity-centered.However,theoften-repeatedstatementthat"Islamisnotsolely'areligion,'itisatotalwayoflife"reflectsaconcernforthewholeofsociety,includingthepoliticalorder,butgoesbeyondthestate.

TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.Inthebroadestterms,thisinvolvesdefiningtheroleofIslamincivilsociety,thenatureofthepublicsphereforhumanactivity,andthecomplexissuesofinteractionsbetweenreligionandpolitics,moralityandsocialorder,thatariseindefining"secular"relationshipsincontemporaryglobalizationandtheglobalreligiousresurgence.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,whichofthefollowingbestexpressesaninclusiveperspective?

2.Thehighlighted"It"inLine5refersto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph2,manyimportantdimensionsofIslam'spoliticalroleincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

4.Theword“ummah”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.WhydoestheauthorthinktheviewsofbothmainstreamandextremistMuslimsregardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureoftheircommunityareveryimportant?

問題1選項

A.Fromaninclusiveperspective,youranalysisisnotconfinedtotheanalysisofaparticularstate.

B.Aninclusiveperspectiveisanall-roundperspective.

C.Fromaninclusiveperspective,thedevelopmentofIslamwillbeunderstoodinaglobalcontextandbelinkedwiththedevelopmentsofotherreligionsaswell.

D.Fromaninclusiveperspective,manydimensionsofIslamwillbebetterunderstood.

問題2選項

A.theanalysisoftherelationship

B.remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstates

C.amisleadingexceptionalism

D.theexampleoftheevolutionofJihad

問題3選項

A.therelationshipbetweenMuslimcommunitiesandsocieties

B.theissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariainthe21stcentury

C.mainstreamMuslimactivity

D.thegrowinginfluenceofviolenceofextremists

問題4選項

A.theMuslimcommunity

B.thestate

C.theMuslimpeople

D.thelife

問題5選項

A.Toavoidsocialinstabilityandviolence.

B.TorespondtothediversitypresentinallofthesocietiesofAsia.

C.Todefinesecularrelationshipincontemporaryglobalreligiousresurgence.

D.TodeterminethefuturenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsia.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…simplyviewingdevelopmentswithintheframeworkofseparatecountriesisnolongeraviableframeworkforanalysis.Remainingconfinedtothegeographicboundariesofindividualstatesopensthewayforamisleadingexceptionalism.”，可知僅僅在單獨國家的框架內(nèi)觀察事態(tài)發(fā)展已不再可行。繼續(xù)局限于各州的地理邊界，容易導(dǎo)致例外主義。可推斷出從包容性的角度看，伊斯蘭教的發(fā)展將在全球范圍內(nèi)得到理解，并與其他宗教的發(fā)展相聯(lián)系。這一現(xiàn)象可以表達(dá)包容的觀點。選項C符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Italsomissestheimpactofglobalizationandthedirectinvolvementofglobalizationinhistoricaldevelopments.”，可知它也忽視了全球化的影響和全球化對歷史發(fā)展的直接影響。從句子中的also可判斷，主語應(yīng)該為同一對象，可知it指代上文提到的仍然局限于單獨的國家的地理邊界。選項C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Islam'spoliticalrolehasmanyimportantdimensions.Theverynatureofan"IslamicState"providesanimportantarenaforpoliticaldebateandactivism,andthisisjoinedwiththeissuesofdefiningthesignificanceofShariaforsocietiesinthetwenty-firstcentury.Islam’spoliticsisalwaysthearenaofmainstreamMuslimactivity,butitisalsoincreasinglyshapedbytheviolenceofextremists,whoseappealappearstobegrowing.”，可知伊斯蘭政治角色包括21世紀(jì)伊斯蘭教法對社會的意義、主流穆斯林活動的戰(zhàn)場、心靈斗爭演變的例子。所以穆斯林和社會之間的關(guān)系不屬于伊斯蘭的政治角色。選項A符合題意。

4.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“TherealcenteroftheIslamicconceptsofhowhumanlifeshouldbeorganizedisnot"thestate"—itisthecommunity,orummah.”，可知伊斯蘭教關(guān)于應(yīng)該如何組織人類的中心不是“國家”，而是社會團體。因為單詞or可判斷出ummah應(yīng)該為前面提到的事物。選項A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“TheviewsofMuslims,bothmainstreamandextremist,regardingtherelationshipbetweenIslamandthenatureandstructureoftheircommunityareofgreatsignificance.DebatesdefiningthedevelopingnatureofthewholesocialorderareamajorpartofthedynamicsthatdeterminewhatthenatureofMuslimsocietiesinAsiawillbeinthetwenty-firstcentury.”，作者認(rèn)為主流穆斯林思想和極端主義思想對于伊斯蘭和他們的社會里面都是很重要，因為界定整個社會秩序的發(fā)展性質(zhì)的辯論是決定21世紀(jì)亞洲穆斯林社會性質(zhì)的一個主要部分。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

問題3選項

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

問題4選項

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

問題5選項

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個部分，第一個部分講述的是民間文化社會的特點，第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會的特點，第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時代的如今，大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項A：二十年的現(xiàn)代社會；選項B:工業(yè)技術(shù)的影響；選項D：加拿大和美國的勞動專業(yè)化，以上選項均與原文不符。選項C:“民俗化”社會與“大眾化”社會的特征“為正確選項。

第2題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無上的，很少有改變，而且變化很慢。很少有專門的勞動分工。”由此可知選項B“社會變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符，為正確選項，而選項A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是關(guān)于美國和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國和加拿大等工業(yè)化國家，一成不變的民間文化已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在?！笨梢酝茢喑鰞蓚€國家的文化均已大眾流行化，由此可知B選項“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符，因此B為正確選項。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作為Mennonite信仰的一種，提供了維持秩序的主要機制。”由此可知D選項“宗教”為正確選項，選項A、B、C均與題意不符。

第5題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。選項A：容忍各種宗教活動。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此錯誤。選項B：個人主義和競爭很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以為錯誤選項。選項D：每個人發(fā)展一項專門技能，明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項C：現(xiàn)代以前的技術(shù)更受喜歡，與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地區(qū)，輕便馬車仍然是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌üぞ?，信徒們不允許擁有汽車?！毕喾?，因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

The（）stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.

問題1選項

A.diagram

B.label

C.signal

D.mark

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項diagram“圖表；圖解”；B選項label“標(biāo)簽；商標(biāo)”；C選項signal“信號；暗號；導(dǎo)火線”；D選項mark“標(biāo)志；馬克；符號”。句意：信封上粘貼的標(biāo)簽說是“航空郵件”。信封上粘貼的應(yīng)該是標(biāo)簽，故選B。

9.單選題

Althoughhehaddonemanygreatthings,heneverfeltitnecessaryto_______hisachievements.

問題1選項

A.lavish

B.extravert

C.impose

D.vaunt

【答案】D

【解析】lavish浪費,慷慨給予;extravert使思想外傾;impose征稅,強加;vaunt自夸，吹噓。句意：雖然他做了許多偉大的事情，但他從不覺得有必要夸耀自己的成就。選項D符合句意。

10.單選題

TherighttopursuehappinessispromisedtoAmericansbytheUSConstitution,butnooneseemsquitesurewhichwayhappinessran.Itmaybeweareissuedahuntinglicensebutofferednogame.JonathanSwiftconceivedofhappinessas“thestateofbeingwell-deceived,”orofbeing“afoolamongidiots,”forSwiftsawsocietyasalandoffalsegoals.

Itis,ofcourse,un-Americantothinkintermsoffalsegoals.Wedo,however,seemtobededicatedtotheideaofbuyingourwaytohappiness.WeshallallhavemadeittoHeavenwhenwepossessenough.

AndatthesametimetheforcesofAmericanbusinessarehugelydedicatedtomakingusdeliberatelyunhappy.Advertisingisoneofourmajorindustries,andadvertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem—andtocreatethemfasterthananyone'sbudgetcansatisfythem.Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.

Lookatanyofthemagazinesthatcatertowomen.Thereadvertisingbeginsasartandslogansinthefrontpagesandendsaspillsandtherapyinthebackpages.Theartatthefrontillustratesthedreamofperfectbeauty.Thisisthebabyskinthatmustbehers.This,theperfumedbreathshemustbreatheout.This,thesixteen-year-oldfigureshemustdisplayatforty,atfifty,atsixty,andforever.ThisistheharnessintowhichMothermuststrapherselfinordertodisplaythatperfectfigure.Thisisthecreamthatrestoresskin,thesearethetabletsthatmeltawayfataroundthethighs,andthesearethepillsofperpetualyouth.

Obviouslynoreasonablepersoncanbecompletelypersuadedeitherbysuchartorbysuchpillsanddevices.Yetsomeoneisobviouslytryingtobuythisdreamandspendingbillionseveryyearintheattempt.Clearlythehappiness-marketisnotrunningoutofcustomers,butwhatisittheyaretryingtobuy?

Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideaandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Tothinkofhappinessasachievingsuperiorityoverothers,livinginamansionmadeofmarble,havingawardrobewithhundredsofoutfits,willdotosetthegreedyextreme.

Fromthefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassagewemayinferthat（）.

In“advertisingexistsnottosatisfydesiresbuttocreatethem”(Line2,Para.3),“them”refersto（）.

Intheauthor’sview,buyingthingsisregardedas（）.

Itisimpliedbytheauthorthatthemagazinesare（）.

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe（）.

問題1選項

A.theUSConstitutiongivespeopletherighttopursuehappiness

B.Americanpeopleareatalossashowtogainhappiness

C.JonathanSwiftdidnotbelieveinhappinessitself

D.Americanpeopletendtobuytheirhappiness

問題2選項

A.people’sdesires

B.advertisements

C.varioussensesofhappiness

D.theforcesofAmericanbusiness

問題3選項

A.apatrioticduty

B.supportingthenationaleconomy

C.somethingaddictingustogreed

D.beingtakeninbyadvertising

問題4選項

A.sheerartandslogans

B.fulloflureanddeception

C.veryusefulforprofessionalwomen

D.useless,likecream,tabletsandpills

問題5選項

A.Thepursuitofhappiness

B.Therighttopursuehappiness

C.ThefalsegoalsofAmericanpeople

D.Themisguidingforceofadvertising

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文前兩段的內(nèi)容可知，美國憲法賦予美國人民追求幸福的權(quán)利，但似乎誰也說不清幸福跑到哪里去了。JonathanSwift提出了虛假目標(biāo)的說法，但這種說法不是美國式思維。然而，我們（美國人）似乎執(zhí)迷于花錢買幸福的理念。由此可知，選項D符合原文。

2.語義推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到第三段句意“廣告的存在不是為了滿足欲望，而是為了創(chuàng)造欲望。”由此可知，這里的“them”指代的是前半部分提到的“desire”。所以選項A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Forthatmatter,ourwholeeconomyisbasedonaddictingustogreed.Weareeventolditisourpatrioticdutytosupportthenationaleconomybybuyingthings.這樣一來，我們的整個經(jīng)濟就是建立在使我們沉迷于貪婪的基礎(chǔ)上的。甚至有人告訴我們，通過購買東西來支持國家經(jīng)濟是我們的愛國義務(wù)?！庇纱丝芍髡哒J(rèn)為購物是使我們沉迷于貪婪的東西，所以選項C正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，作者提及，現(xiàn)在的雜志為了迎合女性的口味，開頭的幾頁廣告都是藝術(shù)和口號，到了結(jié)尾的幾頁就都變成了藥丸和療法。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為雜志充滿了誘惑和欺騙，選項B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，前兩段作者提及美國人追尋不到幸福的方向，而且傾向于花錢買幸福；接著作者講到了人們是如何花錢來購買幸福的案例；最后作者指出幸福很難定義，關(guān)鍵在于個人如何看待。由此可知，本文主要是圍繞著追尋幸福這一話題展開，所以選項A正確。

11.單選題

African-Americanfilmmakersshouldbeinanenviableposition,forsincetheearly1990stherehasbeenasteadywaveoflowbudgetblackfilmswhichhaveturnedasolidprofitduetoaverystrongresponseintheAfrican-Americancommunityandalargercrossoveraudiencethananticipated.Anyrationalbusinessmanagerwouldnowidentifythissectorasaprimecandidateforexpansion,butifthefilmshavedonesowellwithlimitedproductionandmarketingcosts,whyhavetheynotreceivedfullscalesupport?

Manyanalystsfeelthebusinessisengulfedinamiasmaofself-servingandself-fulfillingmythsbasedontheunspokenassumptionthatAfrican-Americanfilmscanneverbevehiclesofprestige,glamour,orcelebrity.Therelationshipplayershaveconvincedthemselvesthatblackfilmscandoonlyalimiteddomesticbusinessunderanycircumstanceandhavevirtuallynoforeignboxofficepotential.Asexecutiveswhonowcontrolthefilmindustrygrewupinthosedecadeswhentherewerefewblackimagesonthescreenandthosethatdidexistwereproducedbyfilm-makerswithlimitedknowledgeoftheblackcommunity,itislittlewonderthattheyavoidideologicalissues,andseektocontinuemakingfilmsthattheyarecomfortablewithbyavoidingthenegativeimageryoffilmstheywouldprefertoeschewentirely.

AlsotoblameforthisdeleteriousphenomenonarelegionsofdesperateandMachiavellianAfrican-Americanfilmproducers,directors,andwriterswhowouldtransformTheBirthofaNationintoablackmusicalaslongasitwouldprovidethemwithgainfulstudioemployment.Thesefilmmakersnotonlyperpetuatenegativestereotypesintheirfilms,buttheyalsoseasonthemwithasprinklingofAfrican-Americanauthenticity.Thissituationwouldbeonerousenough,giventheeconomicexploitationofthecommunityinvolved;unfortunatelythesefilmsalsovalidatethepathologiestheydepict.TheconstantprojectionoftheblackcommunityasakindofurbanWildKingdom,theglamorizationoftragicsituations,andthecelebrationofinnercitydrugdealersandgangstershasaprogrammingeffectonblackyouth.ThepowerofmusicinfilmisaparticularlyseductiveandpropagandisticforcewhichintherecentcropofAfrican-Americanfilmshasrarelybeenusedinapositivesocialmanner.

Whatflowsfromthiscombinationoffactorsisapolicyofmarketexploitationratherthanmarketdevelopment,evidencedbythefactthatanynumberoffilmsmayopento1,500screensinoneweek,onlytototallydisappearinlessthanamonth.Thisrestrictedbodyoffilmproductserodesthegenre’slong-termviability,particularlywiththemoreficklenon-African-Americanaudiencesandforeignaudiences.Furthermore,whenAfrican-Americanactorsbegintoemergeasstars,theirprojectsareusuallydesignedtobe“more”thanablackfilm,suchthatanysuccessthatfollowsisthereforeperceivednotasareflectionoftheviabilityofAfrican-Americanfilmmakingbutasthebroaderpursuitofcelebrity.

36.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpurposeofthepassage?

37.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingischaracteristicofAfrican-Americanfilmsbeingproducedatpresent,EXCEPT（）.

38.Accordingtothepassage,filmindustryexecutiveshavebeenreluctanttosupportAfrican-Americancinemaforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

39.ItmaybeinferredthattheauthorofthepassageconsidersTheBirthofaNationtobe（）.

40.Accordingtotheauthor,African-AmericansfilmmakershavefailedtotakewhichofthefollowingstepsinproperlypromotingAfrican-Americancinema?

問題1選項

A.TocontrasttheconditionofAfrican-Americancinemawiththatofmainstreamcinema

B.ToprovideaneconomicexplanationfortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

C.TocriticizetheassumptionsmainstreamaudiencesallegedlymaketowardAfrican-Americancinema

D.TocataloguetheattitudesandpracticesresponsiblefortheunpopularityofAfrican-Americancinema

問題2選項

A.long-termviabilityasagenreinwhichaudienceskeepaconsistentinterest

B.successinattractingaudiencesoutsidetheAfrican-Americancommunity

C.atendencytoglamorizetheproblemsexistinginAfrican-Americanurbancommunities

D.alimitedlevelofauthenticityintermsoftheirpresentationofAfrican-Americanculture

問題3選項

A.ExecutivesbelievethatAfrican-Americanaudiencesareoftenrepelledbythepresentationofideologicalissuesinfilm.

B.ExecutivesconcludethatAfrican-Americancinemaisnotlikelytoattractaudiencesoverseas.

C.ExecutivesareoftheopinionthatAf