(新高考)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)選擇性必修二 Unit 3 Food and Culture (含解析)

PAGEUNIT3FoodandCultureA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空AItisgenerallybelievedthatporridgedoesn'thaveatastyname.However,I'mheretotrytoconvinceyouthatporridgeisn'ttasteless.Instead,itcanbeadelicious,1.________(convenience)andveryhealthywaytostarttheday.Porridgeisatypeoffood2.________(serve)forbreakfast.Itisatypeofgrainmixedwitheithermilkorwater.Porridgeis3.________(thick)thanliquidanditisveryeasytodigest.Itisregardedasagoodoptionforpeople4.________areill,sinceitcanprovidelong-lastingenergyfortheday.Porridgepreparation,suchastheamountofingredientsandcookingtime5.________(depend)onwhatyouchoosetouseasyourporridgebase.6.________it'scooked,thefunpartistoaddtheflavours.Porridgeislikeablankpieceofpaper,soyoucanaddalmostanythingyouwant7.________theporridgebase.Seeds,nutsanddriedfruitareveryhealthy8.________(choose)toadd.Oneofthebest9.________(thing)aboutporridgeisthatyoucanmakeitalmostanywhereintheworld.Eitheroatsormaize10.________(be)verycommonforpeopleacrosstheworld.Youcanusuallybuybigbagsofeither,thenaddlocalingredientstomakeyourporridgeinteresting.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了我們飲食中最常見的食物——粥。1.convenient考查形容詞。and連接delicious，convenient和healthy三個(gè)并列的形容詞。2.served考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。food和serve之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞形式作后置定語。3.thicker考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)than可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)形式thicker。4.who考查定語從句。who引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代先行詞people，在句中作主語。5.depends考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。主語Porridgepreparation...為單數(shù)形式，且文章整體時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故此處用depends。6.Once/When考查連詞。句意：一旦/當(dāng)做起來，有趣的部分是增加調(diào)味。7.to考查介詞。add...to...為固定短語，意為“把……加入……中”。8.choices考查名詞。形容詞healthy修飾名詞，choice為可數(shù)名詞，故此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式。9.things考查名詞。oneof后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故此處用thing的復(fù)數(shù)形式things。10.is考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。either...or...遵循就近原則，此處謂語動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)和maize保持一致，maize為單數(shù)形式，又根據(jù)上下文語境可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故此處用is。BMochi(年糕)isatraditionalfoodpopularinChineseandJapanesecooking,madefrom1.________(special)treatedrice.Itisoftenpresentedintheformofaroundcake,andistraditionallyexchangedattheNewYear.Mochiismadeby2.________(put)stickyriceintowaterovernight,cookingitandpoundingitintoastickypaste.Thepasteismadeintoshapesrangingfromsimpletocomplexrounds,someof3.________arestuffedwithsweetfillings.Mochiisoftendecoratedwith4.________(flower)orfruits,especiallywhenitisexchangedas5.________giftatcelebrationslikebirthdaysandtheNewYear.Traditionally,woodenmortars(臼)andpestles(杵)6.________(use)topoundmochirice.Freshmochiisusuallycookedandservedwarm7.________avarietyofsauces.SteamingandboilingarebothpopularpreparationsinJapan,alongwithcooking.Freshmochiissoftbutithardensquickly.Prepackedmochiblocks,flattenedandcutintosquarepiecesor8.________(shape)intorounds,areavailableatgrocerystores.Mochicangobadeasily,soit's9.________(good)tocooksoonthantokeepitinyourfridge.Hardmochipiecescanbecooked,deep-fried,boiled,andmore.Cookedmochiisverysticky,sobecarefulnot10.________(choke)onit.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在中國(guó)和日本受歡迎的傳統(tǒng)食物——年糕及其制作過程等內(nèi)容。1.specially考查副詞。此處要用副詞修飾過去分詞treated，故填specially。2.putting考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。by是介詞，表示“通過……”，后接動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，故填putting。3.which考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞rounds，故填關(guān)系代詞which。4.flowers考查名詞。根據(jù)orfruits可知，此處也要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填flowers。5.a考查冠詞。gift為可數(shù)名詞，此處修飾名詞gift，且gift以輔音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞a，表示泛指。6.areused考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語為woodenmortarsandpestles，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且與use構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因?yàn)槿臅r(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填areused。7.with考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處用介詞with表示“與……一起”，故填with。8.shaped考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)or前的flattenedandcut可知，此處也要用過去分詞形式作后置定語，故填shaped。9.better考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)than可知，此處要用形容詞的比較級(jí)，故填better。10.tochoke考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。becarefultodosth.為固定詞組，表示“小心做某事”，故填tochoke。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1.新西蘭主要由兩個(gè)大島組成，其中大一些的島嶼是南島。①NewZealandis_mainly_made_up_oftwobigislands,thelargerofwhichistheSouthIsland.(bemadeupof)②NewZealandmainly_consists_oftwobigislands,thelargerofwhichistheSouthIsland.(consistof)2.了解唐朝的歷史有助于你理解這些詩。(contribute)KnowingthehistoryoftheTangDynastywillcontribute_to_your_understanding_of_the_poems.3.我的確希望你能在你方便時(shí)給我一些寶貴的建議。(助動(dòng)詞加強(qiáng)語氣)I_do_hopeyoucangivemesomevaluabletipsatyourconvenience.4.有人對(duì)她搞惡作劇，在那些臺(tái)階的頂部拉了一根繩子。(trick)Someonehadplayed_a_trick_on_her,stretchedapieceofstringatthetopofthosesteps.5.這些游客們回到賓館，又累又困。(形容詞短語作狀語)Thesetravellersreturnedtothehotel,tired_and_sleepy.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWearewhatweeat.Thatisanoldexpression,butoneworthknowing.Arecentlookatdietsaroundtheworldshowsthatpeoplewhoeathealthyfood—andnottoomuchofit—livelonger.Butwhichareasoftheworldhavethebestdiets?Researchersfoundthatfoodsinsomeofthehealthiestdiets—Mediterraneandiet,NewNordicdiet,JapanesedietandFrenchdiet—maybeverydifferent,buttheyareallheavyonlocalandseasonalfoods,whichincludemorevegetablesandseafoodandlessredmeat.Mediterraneandietcontainslotsoffruits,vegetables,wholegrains,nutsandoliveoil.Thediethasproperamountsoffishandpoultry(家禽肉).Redmeatandfoodshighinsugarandsaltarenotbigpartsofthisdiet.NewNordicdiethaswholegrainslikeoatsandrye,vegetablessuchascarrots,broccoliandeggs,seafood,fruits,oil,low-fatmilkandcheese.Sugarydessertsarenotcommoninthisdiet.Japanesepeoplearesomeofthelongestlivingpeopleontheplanet,withwomenupto87yearsoldandmenupto80.TheJapanesedietisthereasonforsuchlengthsoflife.Thediethasmanyfoodsthatarelowincaloriesandhighinnutrients.Japanesepeopleeatalotofseaweed,tofu,rice,vegetablesandfish.Thetraditionthereistostopeatingwhenyourstomachfeels80percentfull.However,Frenchpeopleeatfattyfoodsbutdonotgetfat.Andtheylivealongtime.Thisphenomenoniscalledthe“FrenchParadox”.ThereasonwhytheFrencheatfattyfoodswithoutgettingfatmaybesimple.Theyeatless.ServingsizesinFrenchrestaurantsandofproductssoldinstoresaresmallerthanthoseinmostcountries.Andgenerallyspeaking,mostFrenchpeopledonotsnack.Thismeanstheydonoteatfoodbetweenmeals.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthehealthiestdietsaroundtheworld?A.Theycontainabundantcalories.B.Theytendtobeexpensive.C.Theysharecertainsimilarities.D.Theyreflectpopulartastes.2.WhatisconsideredasaharmfuleatinghabitinJapanesetradition?A.Goinglowincalories.B.Eatingtothefullest.C.Havingmuchseafood.D.Pickingmanyfoods.3.Howdoestheauthordevelopthecentralideainthelast4paragraphs?A.Bybuildingconnections.B.Byexploringreasons.C.Bylistingexamples.D.Byanalysingfigures.4.Whichcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatIstheHealthiestDietonEarth?B.HowDoestheOldExpressionServe?C.WhyIsaHealthyDietSoImportant?D.WhereCanWeFeedOurselvesWell?【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了世界上四種最健康的飲食。1.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“maybeverydifferent,buttheyareallheavyonlocalandseasonalfoods,whichincludemorevegetablesandseafoodandlessredmeat”可知，盡管有不同之處，但世界上最健康的飲食都使用很多當(dāng)?shù)氐暮蜁r(shí)令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鮮，更少的紅肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的飲食有一定的相似之處，故選C。2.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thetraditionthereistostopeatingwhenyourstomachfeels80percentfull.”可知，日本的傳統(tǒng)是吃八成飽。由此可推知，吃得很飽在日本被認(rèn)為是不良的飲食習(xí)慣，故選B。3.C寫作手法題。通讀后四段可知，作者列舉了這些健康飲食中的食物，故本文后四段是通過舉例子的方式來說明中心觀點(diǎn)的。4.A標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了世界上四種最健康的飲食。故A項(xiàng)作為文章標(biāo)題最合適。BAfewweeksago,scientistsatUkraine'sVernadskyResearchBaseinAntarcticafoundtheirusuallywhitesurroundswerecoveredinashockingblood-red.Forsuchamess,theculpritsbehindthishorriblescenearetiny.“OurscientistshaveidentifiedthemunderamicroscopeasChlamydomonasnivalis(雪地衣藻)，”saidtheNationalAntarcticScientificCentreofUkraineinaFacebookpost.Thesegreenalgae,atypeofseaweed,arecommoninallicyandsnowyregionsofEarth,fromtheArctictohighmountainregions.Theyliestillduringthefreezingwinter,butoncethesunlightwarmsenoughtosoftentheirworld,thealgaeawake,makinguseofthemeltwaterandsunlighttorapidlybloom.“Thealgaeneedliquidwaterinordertobloom，”UniversityofLeedsmicrobiologistSteffiLutztoldGizmodoin2016.“Thealgalbloomscontributetoclimatechange，”thecentrestated.Astudyin2016showedthatsnowalgalbloomscandecreasetheamountoflightreflectedfromthesnowbyupto13percentacrossonemeltseasonintheArctic.“Thiswillsurelyresultinhighermeltrates，”theresearcherswrote.In2017environmentalscientistscalculatedthatmicrobialcommunitiescontributedtooverasixthofthesnowmeltwheretheywerepresentinAlaskanicefields.Theirexperimentsshowedthatareaswithmoremeltwaterledtothegrowthof50percentmorealgaeandplaceswithmorealgaemeltedfurther.ThisAntarcticsummerhascertainlyseenalotmoremeltwaterthanusual.Temperaturerecordskeepchanging,leadingtorapidmeltingatascalepreviouslyonlyseenintheNorthernHemisphere.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“culprits”inParagraph1mean?A.Risks. B.Chances.C.Effects. D.Criminals.6.WhatcanweknowaboutChlamydomonasnivalis?A.Theycanbefoundanywhere.B.Theyaresensitivetotemperature.C.Theygrowslowerthanbefore.D.Theysurviveonlyonemeltseason.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.IceandsnowwillsoondisappearintheAntarctic.B.Microbialcommunitiesbringaboutextremeweathers.C.TheSouthernHemisphereiswarmerthantheotherparts.D.Climatechangeandalgaegrowthinteractwitheachother.8.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhySnowTurnedBlood-redB.HowAlgaeBeganintheArcticC.WhyClimateChangesGreatlyD.HowtheSnowReflectsSunlight【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了幾周前，烏克蘭南極洲弗納德斯基研究基地的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們平時(shí)潔白的四周被一片觸目驚心的血紅色所覆蓋，而造成這一現(xiàn)象的背后原因是雪地衣藻。文章介紹了雪地衣藻的習(xí)性以及其與氣候變化之間相互影響的關(guān)系。5.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“behindthishorriblescenearetiny”可知，此處指造成周圍一片觸目驚心的血紅色這一恐怖場(chǎng)景背后的“罪犯”是小小的雪地衣藻。由此可知，畫線單詞“culprits”的意思為“罪犯”。故選D。6.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyliestillduringthefreezingwinter,butoncethesunlightwarmsenoughtosoftentheirworld,thealgaeawake,makinguseofthemeltwaterandsunlighttorapidlybloom.”可知，雪地衣藻對(duì)溫度很敏感。故選B。7.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“‘Thealgaeneedliquidwaterinordertobloom，’UniversityofLeedsmicrobiologistSteffiLutztoldGizmodoin2016.‘Thealgalbloomscontributetoclimatechange，’thecentrestated.”可推知，氣候變化與藻類生長(zhǎng)相互作用。故選D。8.A標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Afewweeksago,scientistsatUkraine'sVernadskyResearchBaseinAntarcticafoundtheirusuallywhitesurroundswerecoveredinashockingblood-red.”并結(jié)合文章說明了造成這一現(xiàn)象的背后原因是雪地衣藻，介紹了雪地衣藻的習(xí)性，以及其與氣候變化之間相互影響的關(guān)系可知，A選項(xiàng)“雪為什么會(huì)變成血紅色”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫(2021·全國(guó)重點(diǎn)中學(xué)模擬)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Aboulder(巨石),asbigasahouse.That'showtheguidebookdescribedGiantRock.Dadsaiditarrivedheremillionsofyearsago.Iwasfinallygoingtoseeit,insnowshoes,withmytwooldercousins,mydad,andmyuncleDon.I'dbeensnowshoeingbefore,andIlikedtheadventureofhikingthroughdeepsnow.Attheparkingarea,afterputtingonoursnowshoes，westudiedthemap.Duetothegeographicallocation,electricaldevicesareinaccessiblehere.Themapisouronlyguide.“Westarthere，”Dadsaid,“ontheredtrail(小路).Thenweturnleftontothepurpleroad.That'swhereGiantRockis.”“Remembertosticktogetheranddon'twanderoff,guys，”UncleDonsaid.Thetrailranuphillalongsideastonewall.Itwaseasytofollowbecauseredmarkerswerenailedtothetreesandthesnowhadbeenpackeddownbyotherhikers.Atthetopofthehill,weturnedontothepurpletrail.Wesettledintoapattern,withDadandeveryoneelseinfrontandmeintheback,crunching(嘎吱嘎吱地踩)throughthesnow.Isawlotsofanimaltracks—mostlydeer,squirrel,andrabbitprints.Asthetrailwounddown,mycousinAndrewsaidwhatI'dbeenthinking:“WillweeverreachGiantRock？”MycousinAidensmiledandturnedtome,“Luke,doyouthinkyourdadinventedthisideajusttogetusawayfromtheTVforawhile？”Ilaughed.“Youneverknow.”Finally,weclimbedahillandsawthemassivebouldersittingaloneintheforest.Itreallyisasbigasahouse!MycousinsandIhigh-fivedeachotherandjoggeduntilwestoodatthebase,breathless.Standingintheboulder'sbroadshadow,Inoticedthesunhadsunklower.“Let'sheadback，”Dadsaidafterafewminutes.“Therewillbeseveralcrossroadsonthewayback.Guys,keepupwiththeteam.”Soonwewerecrunch-crunch-crunchingourwayhome.Iwasalittlebehindthegroupwhenweapproachedacrossroads.AndInoticedasetofanimaltracksIdidn'trecognise,soIfollowedthemforacloserlook.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Ilookedup