上海滬教版英語八年級下冊第二學(xué)期知識點歸納集錦

上海滬教版英語八年級下冊第二學(xué)期知識點歸納集錦上海滬教版英語八年級下冊第二學(xué)期知識點歸納集錦10/10上海滬教版英語八年級下冊第二學(xué)期知識點歸納集錦上海滬教版英語八年級下冊第二學(xué)期知識點歸納集錦第一部分：詞及詞組Ⅰ、重點詞匯及詞組1、beinterestedin_______________indanger___________________cutdown____________________letout____________________belongto______________________onearth_______________________keep…alive_______________________communicatewith___________________protectoneself____2、atone’ssuggestion________________onone’ssuggestion________________makeasuggestion________________offerasuggestion________________onthesuggestionof...________________3、cometoadecision/arriveatadecision/reachadecision________________giveadecisionfor________________giveadecisionagainst________________makeadecision________________takechargeof____________underthechargeof____________inchargeof____________agreeon____________agreewith____________agreto(dosth)____________remindsb.ofsth,inaddition(to),nowthat,beexcellentfor,enablesbtodosth,becoveredwith,feellikeberesponsiblefor,nowthat,helponeself(to+food/drink/vegetable...)happen,takeplacefrozen,freezingⅡ、詞及詞組辨析1、alive,living都是“活著”的意思，用法不同。例如：alive是表語形容詞，一般在句子中放在系動詞后面，用作表語。例如：IamyourfriendaslongasIamalive.只要我活著就是你的朋友。living是定語形容詞，一般在句子中放在名詞前用作定語。例如：Therearenotanylivingthingsinthemountainarea.在這個山區(qū)里沒有任何活著的東西。patient;impatient;patiencecomfort;comfortable;comfortably4、reply;answer（v.&n.）5、explain;explanation6、visible;vision；invisible7、containhold8、experience,experienced9、conclude,conclusion10、gooff,goout,goup,goaway,godown,goin11、usedtodosth,beusedtodosth,beusedtodoingsth,beusedas,beusedfor12、trydoingsth,trytodosth13、goontodosth,goondoingsth14、befamiliarto,befamiliarwith15、pleased,pleasant,pleasure,please16、accept,receive17、keep的用法18、what/how感嘆句19、數(shù)詞的用法20、不定冠詞a、an的用法21、介詞后面動詞用-ing形式22、狀語從句連接詞：if/aslongas,when/while/assoonas/until/before/after,though/although23、when/while24、well/good25、疑問詞+主語+情態(tài)動詞can/should/could等+謂語動詞=疑問詞+謂語動詞不定式第二部分：語法1、It’s+adj.+for/ofsb+todosth2、alittle,afew,little,few3、表示數(shù)量的詞：plentyof,lotsof,alotofagreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallquantityof,alarge/smallamountofanumberof,thenumberof4、情態(tài)動詞：mustn’t,can’t,maynot等的意思must及may（主語是第一人稱）開頭的一般疑問句的否定回答must用或may用或must,may等表示肯定的推測意義；can’t表示否定的推測意義need作為情態(tài)動詞及實義動詞動詞的用法【情態(tài)動詞用法的基本練習(xí)】()1.—MayItakemypetdogwithmeintothecinema?—Therulesaysno.Soyou________.A.canB.mustn’tC.mayD.needn’t()2.Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossible________joinusforthecharityshowtomorrow.A.needB.canC.mustD.should()3.—MustIgetupearlytomorrow?—No,________.A.youmustn’tB.Idon’tthinkyouhavetoC.youcan’tD.youneed()4.—MayIplaycomputergames,mum?—No.You________finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.willB.canC.wouldD.must()5.—Let’sgototheconcerttonight,Michael!—Sorry,I________.Ihavetohelpmymotherwiththehousework.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.needn’tD.can’t()6.—Canyoufinishtheworkintwodays?—Sorry,I________.Mycomputerdoesn’twork.A.don’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t()7.—________youspeakJapanese?—No,Ican’t.A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Should()8.Ifthetrafficlightisred,you________crosstheroad.It’sverydangerous.A.don’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t()9.—MayIuseyourruler?—________.A.Yes,pleaseB.YouareniceC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Itwasapleasure5、賓語從句：陳述句改為賓語從句時，用that連接；一般疑問句改為賓語從句時，用whether/if連接；特殊疑問句改為賓語從句時，用特殊疑問詞連接?！举e語從句專項精選】()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled()6.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that()7.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where()8.Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()9.Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe()10.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when()11.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow()12.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose()13.Theydon'tknow________theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()14.Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked()15.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit()16.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid()17.Didyouknow____?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter()18.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing()19.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if()20.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where()21.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.—Theysayheisateacher.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where()22.Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen()23.—Doyouknow_____?I'mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived()24.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.／;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy()25.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas()26.—WhereisJack?—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butI'mnotsure_____.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there6、直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語.人稱代詞和指示代詞的變化

指示代詞this和these通常變?yōu)閠hat和those。人稱代詞也要根據(jù)情況做適當(dāng)調(diào)整。從句中的第一人稱多變?yōu)榈谌朔Q，第二人稱根據(jù)情況改為第一人稱或第三人稱，第三人稱不變。例如：Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”他說：“我是來幫助你的?！?/p>

→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他說他是來幫助我的。.時態(tài)的變化

引述動詞如果用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，間接引語的時態(tài)不變。

引述動詞如果用一般過去時，間接引語的時態(tài)要變成相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)的一種。具體變化如下：

一般現(xiàn)在時→一般過去時

一般過去時→過去完成時

現(xiàn)在進行時→過去進行時

現(xiàn)在完成時→過去完成時一般將來時→過去將來時.時間狀語的變化

now→then

lastmonth→themonthbefore

today→thatday

threedaysago→threedaysbefore

tonight→thatnight

tomorrow→thenextday

thisweek→thatweek

nextmonth→thenextmonth

yesterday→thedaybefore

thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays

地點狀語的變化

here→there謂語動詞的變化

come→go【注意】含有情態(tài)動詞的直接引語變成間接引語是，情態(tài)動詞也要相應(yīng)地變成過去時態(tài)。若直接引語為客觀真理或自然規(guī)律，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變?！緦⑾铝芯渥又械闹苯右Z改為間接引語】1.“Iamveryhappy.”saidFisherproudly.2.Dinnysaid:“IsawMrMuskamyesterday.”3.Hesaid:“Iwillhavefinishedmyworkbythattime.”4.“Ihaveneverseenanythingmorebeautifulthanthis.”hesaid.5.MrRochestersaid;“I’vesettledeverything;andwewillleaveThornfieldtomorrow.”6.“Itistoolate.”hesaid.7.“HereisMissEyre,sir,”saidMrsFairfax.8.“Iwilltryit,”saidKate.9.“I’vestudiedbiology,”hesaid.10.“Wewillgobacktothehouse,”hesaid.7、不定代詞辨析:all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由some,any,no,every和body,one,thing構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞。one,ones的用法each，every的用法other,theother,another,others,theothers的用法【不定代詞專練】()1.________policeofficersintheUKcarryguns,butmostofthemdon’t.A.NoB.SomeC.ManyD.All()2.—Whichdoyoulikebest,coffee，waterorjuice?—________.Ionlyliketea.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None()3.Therearemanytallbuildingson_______sidesofthestreet.A.eitherB.allC.bothD.none()4.Shehaswrittenalotofbooks,but________goodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many()5.—Wouldyoulikechickennoodlesorbeefnoodles?—________.I’dliketomatonoodles.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None()6.I’mhungry.Iwant________toeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing()7.—IsawTonyattheparty.Buthedidn’tspeaktome________evening.—Maybehedidn’tseeyou.A.allB.everyC.eitherD.another()8.—Areyou________fromAmerica?—No,noneofus.A.bothB.allC.anyD.either()9.Heshowedmeamagazineheboughtyesterday.Ithinkit’sinteresting.SoIbought________.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one()10.Mikefelloffthebike,buthedidn’thurt________.A.heB.himC.himselfD.hisself()11.________bookareyoulookingfor?A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoD.Whose()12.Thereisn’tanymilkinmyglass.Wouldyougiveme________?A.someB.fewC.littleD.any()13.Wehadplentyofpaperbut_____ink.

A.afewB.fewC.notmanyD.notmuch()14.Learningaforeign