最新人教版八年級下冊英語第一單元知識點

1.人教版英語八年級下Unit1What'sthematter一、重點單詞及用法foot-feet單復(fù)數(shù)的考察常用復(fù)數(shù)同：tooth-teetheg：Look,myfareverybig,butthenewshoesaresosmall.stomach變復(fù)數(shù)詞尾直接+sstomachseg：Thechildrencan'teattoomuchice-creambecauseit'sbadfortheirs.X-ray冠詞考察無特指情況下用anX-raylie躺-lay（過去式）-lying（現(xiàn)在分詞）躺liedown躺下eg：Theyare（lie）onthebeachandhavingagoodtimepassenger乘客復(fù)數(shù)passengerseg：Thereweretenonthebusatthattime.bandagen?繃帶v?用繃帶包扎eg：Canyouputthebandageonthecut（改為同義句）CanyouyourselfKilo復(fù)數(shù)kiloseg：Howmanyoftomatoesdoyouwantknife復(fù)數(shù)kniveseg：Don'tplaywithmaycutyourfingers.deathn.死亡diev?死亡-died（過去式）-dying（現(xiàn)在分詞）dead（形容詞死亡的）eg：Thedog'smadehimverysad.10.sick生病的既可以作表語又可以做定語besick=beilleg：Wearegoingtovisitchildreninhospital.二、重點短語haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒cough咳嗽liedown躺下takeone'stemperature量體溫takeone'stemperature量體溫take/havebreaks/abreak休息=take/havearesttoone'ssurprise令某人驚訝的是getinto(trouble)陷入(麻煩)beusedto(doing)習(xí)慣于適應(yīng)于runout(of)用完用盡(getoutof離開從出來giveup(doing)放棄(做)某事getanX-ray做一個X射線檢查intime及時ontime準(zhǔn)時falldown摔倒puton把放在...上三、用法總結(jié)1.needtodosth需要做某事haveafever發(fā)燒getoff下車-geton上車rightaway立刻馬上=rightnowgetsunburned被曬傷takerisks/arisk去冒險cutoff切除beincontrolof掌管管理haveastomachache胃痛thanksto由于多虧thinkabout考慮thinkof認為makeadecision作決定beinterestedin對...感興趣eg:Theteacherneeds(rest)forafewminutes.like意為“聽起來像”后接n./adj./句子eg:Itsoundslikeagoodidea.類似的感官動詞+like：feellike/smelllike/looklike/tastelike/seemlikesound+adj.結(jié)構(gòu)中，sound是系動詞意為“聽起來是”后接形容詞eg：Thatsoundsgreat.+n./doing(v現(xiàn)在分詞)Hewenttoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.eg：Helefttheclassroomwithoutanythingv?同意，贊成agreewithsb/某人的意見看法Doessheagreewithusagreetodosth同意做某事Tblems(in)doingsth做某事有困難=havetrouble/difficulty(in)doinghaveproblemswithsth=havetrouble/difficultywithsth在某方面有困難eg：Oneofmygoodfriendssaidhehadproblems(learn)English.￥getusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事eg：Heusedtogetuplate,butnowheisusedtogettingupearly.usedtodosth過去常常做某事(現(xiàn)在不做了)eg：HeusedtoreadEnglishintheevening.usesthtodosth使用用某物做某事eg：Soheusedknifetocutoffhisarm.beusedtodosth被動被用于做某事eg：Thesenewpensareusedtopaintthewall.one'slife喪失生命saveone'slife挽救某人的生命eg：Helosthislifeinthecaraccident.adj.足夠的充足的后接名詞n.enoughmoneyadv.足夠地修飾形容詞/副詞enough要后置eg：Thebookis,butIdon'eresting;tobuyenough;tobuyenough;buyinginteresting;buying9.theimportanceof(doing)sth(做)某事的重要性importantadj?重要的unimportantadj?不重要的importancen?重要性eg：Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.n?決定makeadecision(todosth)decidetodosth決定做某事decidenottodosth決定不做某事eg：TommadeadecisiontostudyEnglishwell.up放棄giveup是動詞+副詞結(jié)構(gòu)接代詞作賓語時代詞放中間eg：Theproblemissodifficultforyou,butdon'tA.giveitupitoutupitoutitgiveupdoingsth放棄做某事eg：Youwillbeverysadifyougiveup(sing).用法keepondoingsth繼續(xù)做某事(中間有間隔強調(diào)重復(fù)性)eg：Hekeptonstudyingthoughhewasverytired.keepdoingsth繼續(xù)不停地做某事(不間斷連續(xù)性)eg：Keepwalkinguntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.keepsbdoing讓某人一直做某事eg：Don'tkeeptheotherstudentswaiting.keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事eg：Weshouldkeepthelittleboyfromsteppingonthegrass.用法find找到，強調(diào)尋找的結(jié)果lookfor強調(diào)尋找過程findout找出查明eg：Iwaslookingformywatch,butIdidn'tfindit.findsbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事（eg：WhenIwalkedalongtheroad,lfoundanoldmanshoutingforhelp.findit+adj形容詞+todosth發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是???的eg：Shefoundithardtofinishtheworkbyherself.risks=takearisk冒險Helikestakingrisks.riskone'slifetodo冒著生命危險去做某事eg：Heriskedhislifetosavethechild.riskdoingstheg:ThemancalledTomoftenrisksflyingoverthesea.四、短語辨析1?seesbdoingsth看見某人正在做某事（動作正在發(fā)生）seesbdosth看見某人做某事（看到動作全過程或者經(jīng)?？吹絼幼靼l(fā)生）eg：IsawtheboycryingwhenIpassedby（路過）.類似的hear/watch/notice/find+sbdo/doingsththanksto多虧...由于=withthehelpof/withone'shelp=becauseofthanksfor因而感謝強調(diào)感謝的原因eg：Thankstomyteacher,Ipassedtheexam.Thanksforyourhelp.Time及時表示動作在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)或比規(guī)定時間提前發(fā)生ontime準(zhǔn)時按時指正好在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)eg：Thanksforcomingheretohelpmeintime.Thetrainarrivedintothestationontime.火車準(zhǔn)時進站了。3.thinkabout考慮thinkof認為；想起eg：Ionlythoughtaboutsavingtheboywithoutthinkingaboutanything.Thepicturemakesmethinkofmygrandfather.WhatdoyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher=Howdoyoulikeyourteacher4.toomany;toomuch;muchtoo;toomany;toomuch修飾名詞toomany+可數(shù)名詞;toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞eg：toomanypeopletoomuchwater/homeworkmuchtoo修飾adj?形容詞eg：Don'teatjunkfood,oryouwillbefat.A./muchtoo;toomuchmany;toomanymuch;muchtoomuch;toomanyB.5.interesting有趣的一般修飾物interested感興趣的一般修飾人10.10.習(xí)慣用法：get/become/beinterestedinsth/doingsth對感興趣eg：Shebecameinterestedinsingingsongs.Thestoryisinterestingandallofusareinterestedinit.6.because連詞后接句子becauseof介詞短語后接名詞/動名詞/代詞eg：Ididn'tgooutlastnightbecauseoftheheavyrain.=Ididn'tgooutlastnightbecauseitrainedheavily.7.so...that...如此以至于引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句sothat以便，為了引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句eg：Sheissoyoungthatshecan'tdressherself.（結(jié)果）Theteacherspokeloudlysothateveryonecouldhearhimclearly.（目的）so+adj/adv+that從句=too+adj/adv+todosth（太...而不能）Sheistooyoungtodressherself.beincontro1of控制管理主動；反義詞組-beoutofcontrol無法管理beinthecontrolof被控制管理在...的控制之下被動.eg：Ateachermustbeincontrolofhisclass.runoutof用完，用盡人作主語Wehaverunoutofourmoney.runOUt用完，用盡物作主語主語一般為時間金錢Our廿meisrunningout.sick生病的，有病的可以作表語也可以做定語11.ill生病的，有病的只可以作表語比較級為worse最高級為worstillness名詞生病eg：Shecan'tgotoschoolbecausesheis也/becauseofherillness.Pleasetakegoodcareofthesickboy.12.expect/wish/hopeexpect預(yù)計；期望，希望expecttodo/expectsbtodosth/expect+that從句eg：Heexpectstowintheprize.wish希望；祝愿可能性較小wishtodosth/wishsbtodosth/eg：Iwishtoflyinthesky.hope可能性較大希望hopetodosth/hope+that從句（沒有hopesbtodosth）eg：Ihopetoseeyousoon.13.getoff下車geton上車多指從公交車火車飛機下來空間大的交通工具getoutof從...出來getin上去指上下小型交通工具汽車出租車eg：LucyisgettingonthebuswhileIamgettingoff.14.fall（fell）down與fallofffalldown意為“倒下”，在平面摔倒；falloff意為“跌落”強調(diào)從某處掉了下來聯(lián)系falldownfrom（從摔下）=falloffeg：Whenthelittlegirlranacrossthestreet,shefell/own否定句：主語否定句：主語+should+not+動詞原形+其他Hefelloffbikeandbrokehislegs.四、語法大點1.詢問對方哪里不舒服，或者遇到什么麻煩以及回答I問：What'sthematter（withyou）=What'sthetroubl（withyou）=What'swrong（withyou）=Whathappened（toyou）=What'sup（withyou）答：Ihaveacold（感冒）=1getacold=Icatchacold=Ihavetheflu.haveabad/terrible/heavycold（重感冒）havealittlecold（輕感冒）Ihaveafever（發(fā)燒）Ihaveacough（咳嗽）Ihaveastomachache/headache/toothache/backache（胃痛/頭疼/牙疼/后背疼）Ihaveasorethroat/soreknee/sorefeet（嗓子疼/膝蓋疼/腳疼）2.情態(tài)動詞should意為“應(yīng)該”課本原句：Youshouldn'teatsomuchnexttime.Heshouldliedownandrest.HeshouldadentistandgetanX-ray.ShouldIputsomemedicineonit注意：should沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化它和其后的動詞原形一起做謂語句式變化：肯定句：主語+should+動詞原形+其他eg：Youshouldreadhisnewbook.eg：Youshouldn'teatanything.一般疑問句式：Should+主語+動詞原形+其他eg：Should