考研考博-英語-三明學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三明學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hefoundthe______mediaattentionintolerableanddecidedtogoabroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sufficient

B.constant

C.steady

D.plenty

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.sufficient足夠的；充足的B.constant連續(xù)發(fā)生的；不斷的

C.steady（發(fā)展、增長等）穩(wěn)步的，持續(xù)的D.plenty大量；很多adv.

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)intolerable（無法忍受的）可推知，mediaattention（媒體關(guān)注）是連續(xù)不斷的，空格處表示“不斷的”，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C項(xiàng)不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)是副詞，不符合句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【句意】他無法忍受媒體不斷的關(guān)注，決定出國。

2.單選題

Everybodylikeshim.Heisvery（

）withallhiscolleagues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.familiar

C.close

D.vulgar

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，大家都很喜歡他，說明他很受歡迎。選項(xiàng)A最符合語境。

3.單選題

ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobalwarmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaice,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.

TwodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatternsaroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice,theresultofcoldwindsoffthecontinentblowingiceawayfromthecoastline.“Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwereonlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels,”saidPaulHollandattheBritishAntarcticSurvey.“Ourstudyofdirectsatelliteobservationsshowsthecomplexityofclimatechange.”TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.”

Theextentofseaiceisofglobalimportancebecausethebrighticereflectssunlightfarmorethantheocean,meaningtemperaturerisesstillfurther.ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurementsbegan30yearsago.Hollandsaidthechangingpatternofseaiceatbothpoleswouldalsoaffectglobaloceancirculation,withunknowneffects.HenotedthatwhileAntarcticseaicewasgrowing,theAntarcticicecap—theglacierandsnowpackonthecontinentwaslosingmass,withthefreshwaterflowingintotheocean.

TheresearchonAntarcticseaice,publishedinNatureGeoscience,revealedlargeregionalvariations.InplaceswherewarmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaicewasbeinglostrapidly.“Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceisbeinglostasfastasintheArctic,”saidHolland.

Butinotherareas,seaicewasbeingaddedasseawaterleftbehindicebeingblownawayfromthecoastfroze.Theneteffectisthattherehasbeenanextra17,000sqkmofseaiceeachyearsince1978—aboutatenthofapercentofthemaximumseaicecover.

Antarcticaisacontinentsurroundedbyanocean,whereastheArcticisanoceansurroundedbyacontinent.Forthatreason,saidHolland,seaicewasnotabletoexpandbythesamemechanismintheArcticasatthesouthernpole,becauseifwindspushedtheiceawayfromthepoleitquicklyhitland.

HollanddidtheresearchwithRonKwokatNasa’sjetpropulsionlaboratoryinCalifornia,wheremapsofseaicemovementswerecreatedfrommorethan5mindividualdailymeasurementscollectedover19years.Themapsshowed,forthefirsttime,thelong-termchangesinseaicedriftaroundAntarctica.Kwoksaid:“TheAntarcticseaicecoverinteractswiththeglobalclimatesystemverydifferentlythanthatoftheArctic,andtheseresultshighlightthesensitivityoftheAntarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestrengthofthewindaroundthecontinent.”

1.Thecontradictionofchangesinseaicecoverageatbothpoleshasbeenmadeclearby______.

2.AccordingtowhatHollandsaid,wecandrawtheconclusionthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistobeblamedforthemeltingseaice?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.datacollectedfromsatellites

B.twenty-year’smeasurements

C.computermodels

D.theBritishAntarcticSurvey

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wecanrelyonsatellitetoestimatechangesinicedrift

B.hisresearchresultsconflictwithglobalwarming

C.thelocationofBellingshausenSeaisaroundtheAntarctic

D.theAntarcticicecoverageissensitivetochangesinwindstrength

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheArcticislosingseaiceasquicklyastheAntarctic.

B.TheAntarcticislosingseaicemuchfasterthantheArctic.

C.WhilesomeregionsoftheAntarcticaregainingseaice,otherregionsofitarelosingseaice.

D.SeaiceisbeinglostintheArctic,nottheAntarctic.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thewindfromthenorth.

B.Theglobalwarming.

C.Ecologicalunbalance.

D.Unknownfactors.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Effectivemeasurestocurbglobalwarmingarenotdiscussedinthepassage.

B.Themilitarysatellitesplayaveryimportantroleininvestigatingtheriseofsealevel.

C.TheArcticsealevelisatarecordlow.

D.Theauthorfindsasolutiontothelosingseaice.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第一句ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobalwarmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaice,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.（在全球變暖導(dǎo)致北極海冰融化的同時(shí)，南極洲周圍海冰的擴(kuò)張之謎已經(jīng)通過美國軍事衛(wèi)星的數(shù)據(jù)得到了解決。）A選項(xiàng)“從衛(wèi)星收集的數(shù)據(jù)”，文章第一段提到，南極洲周圍海冰擴(kuò)張，美國衛(wèi)星的數(shù)據(jù)解決了這個(gè)問題，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“20年的測量”，文章所說，20年來的測量表明，南極洲周圍不斷變化的風(fēng)模式導(dǎo)致了海冰的小幅增加，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)模型”，文章所說，冰川漂移的變化只是通過計(jì)算機(jī)模型推測出來的，而不是海冰覆蓋范圍，可排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)“英國南極考察隊(duì)”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。D選項(xiàng)“南極冰的覆蓋范圍對(duì)風(fēng)力強(qiáng)度的變化很敏感”，文章最后一段提到Antarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestrengthofthewindaroundthecontinent.（這些結(jié)果突出了南極海冰覆蓋對(duì)大陸周圍風(fēng)力強(qiáng)度變化的敏感性），D選項(xiàng)正確。選項(xiàng)A“我們可以依靠衛(wèi)星來估計(jì)冰漂移的變化”，可以定位到文章第二段第二句Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwereonlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels.（到目前為止，這些冰川漂移的變化只是通過計(jì)算機(jī)模型推測出來的），這些冰川漂移的變化只是通過計(jì)算機(jī)模型推測出來的，沒有提到衛(wèi)星可以估計(jì)冰漂移情況，A選項(xiàng)可排除。選項(xiàng)B“他的研究結(jié)果與全球變暖相矛盾”，文章第二段最后一句Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.（我們的研究結(jié)果與全球變暖并不矛盾），研究結(jié)果與全球變暖并不矛盾，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“別林斯高森海位于南極附近”，文章并沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。C選項(xiàng)“南極一些地區(qū)的海冰正在增加，而另一些地區(qū)的海冰卻在減少”，可以定位文章第二段第一句TwodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatternsaroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice.（20年來的測量表明，南極洲周圍不斷變化的風(fēng)模式導(dǎo)致了海冰的小幅增加），可推測南極洲周圍不斷變化的風(fēng)模式導(dǎo)致了海冰的小幅增加，以及文章第四段最后一句Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceisbeinglostasfastasintheArctic.（在一些地區(qū)，比如別林斯高森海，海冰的消失速度和北極一樣快）。因此可知南極地區(qū)的海冰正在增加，其他地區(qū)的海冰正在減少，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“北極的海冰正在以和南極一樣快的速度消失”，文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.（北極海冰融化的速度是南極海冰融化速度的五倍，所以平均而言，地球海冰融化的速度非?？欤珹選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“南極海冰的融化速度比北極快得多”，文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,soonaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.（北極海冰融化的速度是南極海冰融化速度的五倍，所以平均而言，地球海冰融化的速度非常快），B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“海冰正在消失的是北極，而不是南極”，可定位到文章倒數(shù)第四段第二句InplaceswherewarmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaicewasbeinglostrapidly.（在從熱帶吹向南極洲的暖風(fēng)變得更強(qiáng)的地方，海冰正在迅速消失），可排除D選項(xiàng)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文。B選項(xiàng)“全球變暖”，文章第二段最后一句Thereisnoinconsistencybetweenourresultsandglobalwarming.（我們的研究結(jié)果與全球變暖并不矛盾），研究結(jié)果與全球變暖并不矛盾，可推測海冰的消失與全球變暖脫不開關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)“來自北方的風(fēng)”，文章所說，風(fēng)會(huì)造成海冰的減少，也會(huì)造成海冰的增加，A選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“生態(tài)不平衡”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，C選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“未知因素”，文章已經(jīng)有研究結(jié)果，不存在未知因素，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。D選項(xiàng)“作者找到了解決海冰融化的辦法”，作者并沒有找到解決海冰融化的辦法，海冰的消失作用于環(huán)境變化，作者不可能找到辦法，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“文章沒有討論遏制全球變暖的有效措施”，文章沒有提到解決全球變暖的辦法，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“軍事衛(wèi)星在調(diào)查海平面上升方面起著非常重要的作用”，文章第一段最后一句hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.militarysatellites.（南極洲周圍海冰的擴(kuò)張之謎已經(jīng)通過美國軍事衛(wèi)星的數(shù)據(jù)得到了解決），B選項(xiàng)正確，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“北極海平面處于歷史最低水平”，文章第三段第二句ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurementsbegan30yearsago.（今年夏天，北極海冰數(shù)量創(chuàng)下了30年前衛(wèi)星測量以來的新低），可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Somepartofhertriedtoconvincehertomake（）thedoor,butsheknewtheywouldexpectthat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.to

C.for

D.up

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。makeon“在……上獲利；在……賺錢”；maketo這個(gè)搭配不存在；makefor“向……移動(dòng)”，促成；makeup“組成”。句意：盡管內(nèi)心有個(gè)聲音說服她______門口，但是她知道這是他們所期望的。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有C選項(xiàng)的詞組能與門口搭配起來合理，因此符合題意。

5.單選題

NASAiscastingawidernetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthespacecrafttoswingoutofcontroland（）momentsbeforeitwastoland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disassemble

B.disembark

C.disintegrate

D.disinherit

【答案】C

【解析】考查同形詞詞義辨析。disassemble“拆開；解開”；disembark“登錄；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剝奪……的繼承權(quán)”，飛船失去控制的搖擺，然后在快要著陸的瞬間應(yīng)該會(huì)發(fā)生比較嚴(yán)重的事件，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思可知此處只有disintegrate符合句子意思。句意：美國宇航局全方位的展開了對(duì)航天飛機(jī)的調(diào)查，關(guān)于是什么導(dǎo)致了飛船失去控制的搖擺，并在最后要著陸的時(shí)候……了。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

6.單選題

Trafficscienceisoneofthosedisciplinesthatseemspermanentlypoisedonthevergeofabreakthrough.Professionaljournalsregularlypublishpromisingresearch,andthepresstrumpetstheirimportance.However,itturnsoutthattrafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem.Itcouldbesaidtoresemblemolecularphysics,infact,sinceit’sasystemofindividualpracticesinteractingincomplexways.Except,withtraffic,theparticleshavemindsoftheirown.

Therearetwokindsoftrafficflow.Inuncongested,stableflows,carscanmoveatornearthespeedlimit,andindividualsareabletomoveinandoutoflanesorenterthehighwaysmoothly.Then,there’swhattrafficexpertscallthe“unstableregime,”whatlaypeoplerefertoasstop-and-gotraffic.Whatscientistshavefiguredoutoverthepastdecadeorsoiswhenandwhytrafficshiftsbetweenthetwo.

“Weseeinourmodelsthattrafficbecomeunstablewhenthenumberofcars(passingaspecificspot)perlaneperhourreachesbetween2,000and2,500.Atthatnominalcapacitylevel,trafficisverylikelytobecomeunstable,”saysHaniMahmassani,atrafficscientistatNorthwesternUniversityinChicago.

Consideraclassiccase.Aslow-movingcarshiftsintotheleftlanetopassanevenslower-movingcar.Thecarimmediatelybehindthelane-changerhastodeceleratedramatically—notjusttothespeedofthecarinfrontofhim,butslowenoughtocreateasafedrivingdistancebetweenthem.Thenextcarbackhastoslowdownevenmore,againtogiveitselfacushion.Thisslowdownripplebackthroughthelaneandeventuallyspreadsintotheotherlanesasnearbydriversnoticetheseaofbrakelightsandreflexivelyslowdown.Trafficresearchersrefertothisasashockwave,anditcantravelbackformiles.

Unfortunately,whilewe’vegottenreallygoodatunderstandingwhytrafficjamshappen,ourtoolstopreventthemareprettylimited.

First,wedon’thatespendingtimeinourcarsasmuchaswepretendto.“Becausebuildingmoreroadsdoesn’timprovetrafficflow,”saysChrisBarrett,aVirginiaTechprofessorwhoconstructstrafficmodelingsystems.“Ifyoudecreasetheamountoftimeittakestotravelacertaindistancetowork,peoplejustmovefartherawayfromtheiroffices.Itchangesbehaviorinanegativeway.”

Moreover,peoplehavestronglyresistedthebestcongestion-fightingtoolthatcanbeimmediatelyimplemented.EverytrafficexpertIspokewithpointedouttherunawaysuccessofLondon’scongestionpricingsystem.Driverswhowanttoentertheheartofthecityduringbusytimeshavetopay10pounds-about$16.Thesystemhasmadeahugedifferenceinreducingcongestion,andthecityisusingtheextrarevenuetorenovatethesubwayandaddbuses.

26.InParagraph1“trafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem”meansthat______.

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetrafficscience?

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementabout“shockwave”isCORRECT?

29.Whichofthefollowingtrafficjampreventiontoolsisbotheffectiveandrealistic?

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itisconceptuallycomplicated

B.itpretendstobecomplicated

C.itscomplicationisconfusing

D.itscomplicationisdoubtful

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theformationmechanismoftrafficcongestionstillpuzzlesthescientists.

B.Trafficsciencestudiestheinteractionsofintelligentparticles.

C.Scientistshavemadesignificantbreakthroughsintrafficscience.

D.Thereisnosuchaboundarycapacitybeyondwhichtrafficflowswillbecomeunstable.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itaffectsthelaneusedforovertakingcarsonly.

B.Itismorelikelytoappearinastabletrafficflow.

C.Itwillcausethelane-changertoslowdown.

D.Itisarippleeffectinitiatedbyaslow-movingcar.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Buildingmoreroads.

B.CongestionpricingsysteminLondon.

C.Adoptingself-drivingtechnologyoncars.

D.CongestiontaxationinWashingtonD.C.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Trafficsciencestrugglestokeepcarsflowing.

B.Trafficscienceprovedunreliableintrafficcontrol.

C.Trafficscientistsconstructtrafficmodelingsystems.

D.Trafficexpertssupportcongestionpricingsystem.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.InParagraph1“trafficisadeceptivelycomplicatedproblem”meansthat______.26.在第一段中，“交通是一個(gè)具有欺騙性的復(fù)雜問題”指的是______。

A.itisconceptuallycomplicatedA.它在概念上是復(fù)雜的

B.itpretendstobecomplicatedB.它假裝很復(fù)雜

C.itscomplicationisconfusingC.它的復(fù)雜性是令人困惑的

D.itscomplicationisdoubtfulD.它的復(fù)雜性值得懷疑

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干的信息可以定位至第一段最后三句“然而，事實(shí)證明，交通是一個(gè)看似復(fù)雜的問題（adeceptivelycomplicatedproblem）。事實(shí)上，它可以說類似于分子物理學(xué)（resemblemolecularphysics），因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)以復(fù)雜方式相互作用的個(gè)體實(shí)踐系統(tǒng)?！?，這表明交通科學(xué)的含義比較復(fù)雜，且令人困惑，故C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)表述不全面，以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)中的pretend并不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)中doubt也沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetrafficscience?27.根據(jù)文章，可以從交通科學(xué)中得出什么結(jié)論？

A.Theformationmechanismoftrafficcongestionstillpuzzlesthescientists.A.交通擁堵的形成機(jī)制仍然困擾著科學(xué)家們。

B.Trafficsciencestudiestheinteractionsofintelligentparticles.B.交通科學(xué)研究智能粒子之間的相互作用。

C.Scientistshavemadesignificantbreakthroughsintrafficscience.C.科學(xué)家們在交通科學(xué)方面取得了重大突破。

D.Thereisnosuchaboundarycapacitybeyondwhichtrafficflowswillbecomeunstable.D.沒有這樣一個(gè)邊界容量，超過這個(gè)邊界交通流量就會(huì)變得不穩(wěn)定。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位第二段最后一句“科學(xué)家們在過去十年左右的時(shí)間里弄清楚的是，交通在兩者之間何時(shí)以及為什么會(huì)發(fā)生變化”，以及第三段造成交通不穩(wěn)定的邊界容量，綜合可推知，科學(xué)家們在交通科學(xué)方面取得了一定的進(jìn)展，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第五段“……我們非常擅長理解交通堵塞發(fā)生的原因（understandingwhytrafficjamshappen）……”可知，科學(xué)家們知道造成交通堵塞的原因，所以A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)定位第三段“我們從我們的模型中看到，當(dāng)每小時(shí)每條車道通過特定地點(diǎn)的汽車數(shù)量達(dá)到2000至2500輛時(shí)，交通就會(huì)變得不穩(wěn)定。在這種名義容量水平下，交通很可能變得不穩(wěn)定?！保芍?，該項(xiàng)為反向干擾。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.Whichofthefollowingstatementabout“shockwave”isCORRECT?28.下列關(guān)于“沖擊波”的陳述哪一個(gè)是正確的？

A.Itaffectsthelaneusedforovertakingcarsonly.A.它只影響用于超車的車道。

B.Itismorelikelytoappearinastabletrafficflow.B.它更有可能出現(xiàn)在穩(wěn)定的交通流中。

C.Itwillcausethelane-changertoslowdown.C.這會(huì)使變更車道者減速。

D.Itisarippleeffectinitiatedbyaslow-movingcar.D.這是一輛緩慢行駛的汽車引發(fā)的連鎖反應(yīng)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位到第四段，該段陳述了一個(gè)經(jīng)典案例：一輛開得很慢的汽車駛?cè)胱筌嚨?，超過一輛開得更慢的汽車。緊跟在換車道人后面的那輛車必須大幅減速，不僅要減速到與前車的速度相同，還要減速到與前車保持安全的行駛距離。下一輛后退的車不得不進(jìn)一步減速，再次給自己一個(gè)緩沖。當(dāng)附近的司機(jī)注意到前面有一大片剎車燈，并反射性地減速時(shí)，這種減速效應(yīng)會(huì)波及到車道，最終擴(kuò)散到其他車道。交通研究人員將其稱為沖擊波（shockwave），它可以向后傳播數(shù)英里。那么從這個(gè)案例我們可以知道，shockwave指的就是最開始的一輛汽車在緩慢行駛時(shí)引發(fā)的一系列反應(yīng)，故D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的only不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)只是D選項(xiàng)中的一部分，屬于以偏概全。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Whichofthefollowingtrafficjampreventiontoolsisbotheffectiveandrealistic?29.以下哪一種交通堵塞預(yù)防工具既有效又現(xiàn)實(shí)？

A.Buildingmoreroads.A.建造更多的道路。

B.CongestionpricingsysteminLondon.B.倫敦交通擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)。

C.Adoptingself-drivingtechnologyoncars.

C.在汽車上采用自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)。

D.CongestiontaxationinWashingtonD.C.D.華盛頓特區(qū)的交通擁堵稅。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位最后一段第二句“倫敦的擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)取得了巨大成功（therunawaysuccessofLondon’scongestionpricingsystem）”，以及最后一句“該系統(tǒng)在緩解擁堵方面發(fā)揮了巨大作用（hasmadeahugedifferenceinreducingcongestion），該市正利用額外收入翻新地鐵和增加公交車”，由此可知，倫敦的擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)對(duì)于交通堵塞預(yù)防很有效，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位倒數(shù)第二段第一句“因?yàn)樾藿ǜ嗟牡缆凡⒉荒芨纳平煌髁浚╞uildingmoreroadsdoesn’timprovetrafficflow）”，以及第二句“如果你減少通勤時(shí)間，人們就會(huì)搬到離辦公室更遠(yuǎn)的地方”，可知，如果修建更多的道路，人們的通勤時(shí)間減少，那么人們會(huì)搬到離辦公室更遠(yuǎn)的地方，從而交通堵塞問題還是存在，所以該項(xiàng)為反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)并沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?30.這篇文章的主旨是什么？

A.Trafficsciencestrugglestokeepcarsflowing.A.交通科學(xué)努力使汽車保持流動(dòng)。

B.Trafficscienceprovedunreliableintrafficcontrol.B.交通科學(xué)在交通控制中被證明是不可靠的。

C.Trafficscientistsconstructtrafficmodelingsystems.C.交通科學(xué)家構(gòu)建交通建模系統(tǒng)。

D.Trafficexpertssupportcongestionpricingsystem.D.交通專家支持擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章前四段闡述了交通科學(xué)在交通方面的研究，以及得出的一些研究結(jié)果，即交通的邊界容量和沖擊波，最后兩段講述防止交通擁堵的方法，并提出了可以立即實(shí)施的最佳擁堵防治工具，即擁堵收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)，并且交通科學(xué)家們都支持這個(gè)工具。綜合推斷，可知，這篇文章主要討論的就是交通科學(xué)在交通中所做的一些研究，所以A選項(xiàng)符合該篇文章的主旨。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C、D選項(xiàng)只是其中一部分提及，屬于以偏概全。

7.單選題

1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.

2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)

3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.

4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.

5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.

6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?

2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?

5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisasymboloffairplay.

B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.

C.Itwritesbigchecks.

D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Nobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmerit

B.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocess

C.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocess

D.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theNobelistooflexible

B.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciples

C.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiased

D.theselectionprocesslackstransparency

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thescienceprizes.

B.Theliteratureprizes.

C.Thepeaceprizes.

D.Theeconomicsprizes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.

B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.

C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.

D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.（在某種程度上，獎(jiǎng)金的金額（2000年約為91萬美元）很重要；現(xiàn)金價(jià)值容易模糊成威望）可知諾貝爾的豐厚獎(jiǎng)金使它更聲名顯赫，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman'ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.（其功績超過普通人。Feldman先生的下一個(gè)問題就是質(zhì)疑其真實(shí)性）可知A“諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的頒發(fā)可能不以功績?yōu)橐罁?jù)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的TheNobels…mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.（諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)……必須在指導(dǎo)方針和參數(shù)范圍內(nèi)工作）可知與B選項(xiàng)“諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)嚴(yán)格遵循選擇原則”相符；由第五段中的peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical（在挑選過程中的人可能同時(shí)具有操縱性和政治性）（whichcorrodesfairness它腐蝕了公平）,andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude（堅(jiān)信自己的誠意和正直）（whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture使他們看不到自己的弱點(diǎn)和他們文化的弱點(diǎn)）可知與C選項(xiàng)“瑞典科學(xué)院成員的意見可能是有失偏頗的”相符；由第五段中的SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.（諾貝爾保密性阻礙了新的、糾正性的批評(píng)）可知與D選項(xiàng)“甄選過程缺乏透明度”相符；故可排除B、C、D，因此選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord.（科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)以最好的成績出現(xiàn)）可知Feldman先生對(duì)科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的評(píng)價(jià)最高，因此選A。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.（他認(rèn)為這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)比一個(gè)世紀(jì)前更“健康”；是“在所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都受到攻擊的時(shí)代，迫切需要權(quán)威和一致性的象征”；以及刺激我們對(duì)偉大事物驚嘆不如的能力）可知盡管諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)有一些問題，但還是有存在的必要，因此選C。

8.單選題

Myworkwithleadersfromallwalksoflifehas（

）methattheywerenotbornleaders—theyaremade.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocated

B.implied

C.convinced

D.illustrated

【答案】C

【解析】convincesb.that“使某人相信...”。句意:我與各行各業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的共事讓我相信,他們不是天生的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,而是后天形成的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.單選題

（

）,Idonotlikehimasaman.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iadmirehimasmuchasawriter

B.AsIadmirehimasawriter

C.MuchasIadmirehimasawriter

D.AsmuchIadmireasawriter

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管我欽佩他是一名作家，但是我卻不喜歡他這個(gè)人。

語法題?？疾閍s引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。As引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示“盡管,即使”時(shí)要使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):副詞+as+主語+謂語,故選C。

10.單選題

Microwavesareatypeofelectromagneticradiation;theyareaverymildformofelectricalormagneticwavethatmovesthroughspace.UnlikeX-raysandgammarays,whichareverypowerfulraysofradiation,microwavesareratherweakandaremuchmorelikethewavesofradiationusedinradiobroadcasting.

Inmicrowaveovens,theuseofmicrowaveswithwhichmostpeoplearefamiliar,thewavesareproducedbyanelectronictubecalledamagnetron.Microwavesproducebeatinanyfoodplacedinsidetheovenbycausingthewaterinthefoodtovibraterapidlyandthusheatup.Foodthathavemorewaterinthemtakelesstimetocookandprobablyhavemoreoftheirnutrientsleftintactwhencookedinamicrowaveoven.

Microwavesdonotpassthroughmetalssothemicrowavesareretainedwithintheoven.Microwavespassimmediatelythroughglass,paper,andplasticwithnoeffectonthesematerialsoronthemicrowaves;nothinginsidethemicrowaveovenisheatedexceptthefooditself,sothecookingprocessismuchmoreefficientthaninconventionalovens.Sometimesapartorcontainerisheatedbecauseitistouchingthehotfood,though;someusersofmicrowaveovenshavebeenburnedbyhotfood,byhotpans,orsteamescapingfromthefood.Nodocumentedcaseofradiationburnsfromamicrowaveovenhaseverbeenreported.

Actually,weknowverylittleabouthowmicrowaveradiationmightaffecthumanbeings.Obviously,ifmicrowavescancookaroastbyexcitingthewatermoleculesinthemeatstheycoulddothesamethingtohumanflesh.Humanbeingcouldbeburnedbyprolongedexposuretohighlevelsofmicrowaves.Butscientistsaremoreconcernedabouttheeffectsoflowlevelmicrowaveexposures,suchasmightresultfromaleakingmicrowaveoven.

Noresearchhasyetbeenperformedonpeoplewhohavebeenexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveradiation.Someexperimentshavebeenperformedonanimals,buttheresultsareverydifficulttointerpret.Astheeyesareparticularlysensitive,rabbitsexposedtolowlevelmicrowaveswerecheckedforthegrowthofcataracts,andnonewerefound.Ontheotherhand,someanimalsseemabletosensemicrowaveradiationandtrytoescapefromitimmediately.Inothers,microwaveradiationcausesthebodytoreactasifdefending