考研考博-英語-烏魯木齊職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-烏魯木齊職業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

剽竊包括但不限于以下形式：為了完成學(xué)業(yè)所需要的論文，全部或部分抄襲他人的文章，不提原作者的名字；不經(jīng)消化，也不顧是否符合自己的語言和風(fēng)格，生搬硬套引用他人著作中的思想，同樣是不提出處；巧妙地改寫他人著作的某個章節(jié)，誤導(dǎo)讀者，偽裝成自己的作品；未經(jīng)任課老師同意，將同一篇論文用于多門課程；未經(jīng)同意或授權(quán)，獲取或使用同伴或他人的實際數(shù)據(jù)；更有甚者，為了驗證所期待的實際結(jié)果，偽造或篡改實際數(shù)據(jù)。

【答案】Plagiarismincludesbutisnotlimitedtothefollowingforms:inordertofinishingtheacademic-neededpaper,inpartorinwholecopingothersthesiswithoutmentioningtheauthor’sname;regardlessofthelanguageandstyle,mechanicallycitingtheideaofotherpeople’spapersnotreferringtothesource;cleverlyadaptingthechapterofother’swritingtopassitastheirownanddeceivereaders;usingthesamepaperformorethanonecoursewithouttheadmissionoftheteacher;withoutconsentorauthorizing,acquiringorusingthecompanionother’sfactualdate;moreover,forgingortemperingthedatetoverifyingtheexpectedresult.

2.單選題

Thenewmanagerhadmanydifficultiestoovercomebuthe____themallinhisstride.

問題1選項

A.overlooked

B.obtained

C.tackled

D.took

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。overlook“忽略”；obtain“獲得”；tackle“處理；抓住”；take“拿，帶，抓，需要”。句意：新經(jīng)理有很多困難需要克服，但是他從容應(yīng)對，并且克服了困難。選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Thegovernessagreedtoteachthetemperamentalchild______shewasgivencompleteauthority.

問題1選項

A.that

B.provided

C.whether

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查從句。句意：______賦予那位女家教老師完全的支配權(quán)，她答應(yīng)去教那個脾氣暴躁的孩子。橫線面前部分是主句，橫線后面部分是從句，根據(jù)語境，這里是一個條件狀語從句，A選項that可引導(dǎo)賓語從句、定語從句、同位語從句等；B選項provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；C選項whether意思為“是否”時引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句等，意思為“不論”時引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；D選項for“因為”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。根據(jù)語境，教這個脾氣暴躁的孩子是有挑戰(zhàn)的事情，那位教師只有擁有完全的掌控權(quán)，她才肯做這件事，B選項provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”符合題意。D選項for“因為”在這里不如B選項provided符合語境。因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

Anumberofresearchershavewrittenabouta“hiddencurriculum”inschools,definedasthesubtleinfluencesonstudentsthatreinforcesexistandracistmessages.Thehiddencurriculumminimizesand（

）thecontributionswomenhavemade.

問題1選項

A.eulogizes

B.maligns

C.maximizes

D.compliments

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項eulogize“頌揚”；B選項malign“誹謗；中傷”；C選項maximize“取……最大值”；D選項compliment“恭維；稱贊”。句意：許多研究人員寫了一篇關(guān)于學(xué)校的“隱性課程”的文章，定義為微妙地影響學(xué)生，加強性別歧視和種族歧視的信息。隱藏的課程將女性所做出的貢獻最小化和……。B選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswould（

）herlongeffort.

問題1選項

A.justify

B.estify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】justify證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)?有理由的，替……辯護；testify作證，證明，證實；rectify改正，精餾，整流；verify核實，查證。句意：在確信結(jié)果會證明她的長期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。選項A符合語境。

6.單選題

Hethinksaboutnothingbutplayingchess.He’scompletely______toit.

問題1選項

A.addicted

B.ascribed

C.tempted

D.overcome

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.addicted沉溺于，入迷，上癮B.ascribed歸于，歸咎于

C.tempted引誘，吸引D.overcome戰(zhàn)勝，克服

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】由關(guān)鍵信息“Hethinksaboutnothingbutplayingchess（他只想著下棋）”可知，他對下棋入了迷，除了這件事無心去做其他。因此，只有A選項詞義最符合句意。且固定搭配“beaddictedto”表示“對……上癮，沉溺于”。故本題正確答案為A選項。

【干擾項排除】B項beascribedto（歸結(jié)于）、C項betemptedto（受誘惑做某事）和D項不符合句意。

【句意】他只想著下棋。他完全上癮了。

7.單選題

TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)（）ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.

問題1選項

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.multitude

D.attitude

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：英語中的單詞，在曰常談話中幾乎用不到。altitude高度、海拔；latitude緯度；multitude多數(shù)；attitude態(tài)度。因此，C項符合句意。

8.單選題

（

）canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.

問題1選項

A.Everybody

B.Anybody

C.Somebody

D.Nobody

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。nobodycanhelpbut“情不自禁”，相當(dāng)于everybodycan'thelpbut.句意：大家都情不自禁地被他科幻小說所代入的世界所吸引。故D項正確。

9.翻譯題

Francehasastrongregionalidentity.WhenaFrenchmantalksof”monpays"（mycountry）,heismorelikelytobereferringtotheareainwhichhegrewupthantothenationasawhole.SoNormandy（諾曼底）remainsresolutelyNorman.Brittany（布列塔尼）defiantlyBreton,andthevillagesofthesouthdecidedlycontrary.

Andbecauseofthislocalsenseofbeing,thebakerfromanotherregionbeyondthehillswillberegardedasmuchofaforeignerasthewelcomevisitorfromoverseas,clutchingaguidebook.Andregionalprideguaranteesthatshopkeepers,restaurateursandeventheoldmanplayingpetanque（滾球游戲）onadustyvillagesquarewillupgradethewelcometoanystrangerifonlytoprovethattheirregionistheonlytrueFrance.

You'llsoondiscoverthat,asmuchasthelandscape,itisthelocalfoodthatdefineseachregionofFrance.Chanceencountersaresometimesthebest一comingacrossastrawberryfairinthenorth,oranolivemarketinthesouth;happeninguponmonkstendingtheirvinesinawalledclos（莊園）fillingcuppedpalmsandanysparebottleswithmineralwaterinaspa-resort（溫泉勝地）；orwatchingthemorningcatchspillontoaharborquayside（碼頭區(qū)）.

【答案】法國每個區(qū)域都有其強烈的特色。當(dāng)一個法國人談起“我的國家”，他很有可能指的是他所成長的區(qū)域，而非整個法國。因此諾曼底人一定會說起諾曼底區(qū)，布列塔尼人會直率的指出他是來自布列塔尼區(qū)，以及所有南方地區(qū)的村莊都是如此。

正因為區(qū)域意識的存在，從山的另一邊的區(qū)域而來的面包師會被當(dāng)?shù)厝水?dāng)作手持旅行指南的外國人，或是受歡迎的海外觀光客。區(qū)域的自豪感使得店主和飯店老板，甚至是正在滿是灰塵的廣場上玩滾球游戲的老人，都會增加對任何一個陌生人的歡迎程度，只要能證明他們所在的區(qū)域才是真正的法國。

你很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，和地圖一樣，每個地區(qū)的食物將每個地區(qū)區(qū)分開來。有時偶然碰上的反而是最好的！比如你在北部偶遇的草莓集市，或是在南部發(fā)現(xiàn)的橄欖集市；又比如碰巧在圍墻內(nèi)的莊園中遇見僧人正在照料葡萄藤，葡萄遍布在凹陷的棕櫚植物中間，或是品嘗了在溫泉勝地中用多余的瓶子盛的礦泉水；又比如你恰巧看到清晨在碼頭區(qū)打撈后的漏網(wǎng)之魚。

10.單選題

Amanufacturerofsportsshoesstartssellingconsumerelectronics.Asoftdrinklendsitsnametoarangeofurbanclothing.What’sgoingon?Insimplertimes,youknewwhereyouwerewithbrands.Onebrandnamemeantgood-qualitysportsshoes,anotherasoftdrink.Noconfusion.Today,however,bigcompaniestrytoredefinebrandsasnotsomuchaproduct,moreawayoflife,andstretchthemintonewareas.Intheearlyyearsoftheconsumersociety,abrandnameonaboxsimplyidentifiedwhatwasinside.Peoplewerelookingforproductsthatwouldimprovetheirqualityoflife,andchoosebrandsmostlikelytoachievethatpurpose.Butaspeopleinindustrializednationsbecamemoreaffluentandfulfilledtheirbasicneeds,brandsacquiredotherattributes.Thefunctionalityoftheproductwasstillimportant,butpeoplealsostartedusingbrandstosaysomethingaboutthemselves,forexample,choosingabrandofcosmeticswhichwouldsuggestthattheyweresophisticatedjet-setters.

Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.Instead,companiesaretryingtomaketheirbrandsstandoutbyemphasizingtheiremotionalaspects,hopingconsumerswillidentifywiththesetofvaluesthebrandrepresents.

Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.Sofar,theirmarketingeffortsseemtobehavinglittleeffect.Theadvantageforemotionalbrandsisthatcompaniescantransfertheirbrandstrengthintootherareas,increasingrevenuesandreducingtheirexposuretothelifespanofasingleproduct.

Theelasticityofbrandsseemstoberelatedtotheirpositiononaspectrumrangingfromthoserootedinsolid,tangibleassetstothosewithhighlyintangibleemotionalqualities.Attheoneend,youhavetraincompaniesthattendtoassociatethemselveswithinfrastructureandtheirabilitytogetyoufromAtoB,andattheotherendwouldbealeisurebrandthatpositionsitselfondreamsandmakingpeoplehavefun.Itisthelatterwhichhasthemaximumpotentialforstretch.

Butevenemotionalbrandshavealimittotheirelasticity.Themerchandisehastobeconsistentwiththebrandpromise.Justtosellmerchandisewithyourlogoonitisashort-term,mistakenidea.Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.

Whenthemovewasmadefromsoftdrinksintoclothing,however,itleftthebrandingconsultantscold.Itwasadifficultmentalleapintoclothingfromthedrinksocloselyassociatedwiththatparticularbrandname.Ontheotherhand,theemotionalattributesthatyoungstersseemtofindappealinginthedrink,likeitsheritageandglobalappeal,arefashionableatthemoment,andinfactresponsetotheclotheswiththesamenamehasbeenoverwhelming.Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufacturerlaughingallthewaytothebank.

1.Accordingtothewriter,anattributeofthethirdageofbrandingisthat（

）.

2.Thewritermentionsmanufacturersofbreakfastcerealstoillustratehow

（

）.

3.Thewriterarguethatthestretchfromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsislikelytobesuccessfulbecause

（

）.

4.Thewriterarguesthatthestretchformsoftdrinksintoclothing（

）.

問題1選項

A.competingproductsmayservetheirpurposeequallywell

B.therangeofproductsavailableistoolargeforalltosurvive

C.consumersarebecomingconfusedabouttheproductsavailable

D.pricehasbecomeakeyfactorinconsumers'choiceofproducts

問題2選項

A.competitioncanhaveanimpactonaproduct

B.abrandcanloseitspopularitydespiteastrongmarketfortheproduct

C.advertisingcanaffectsalesofaproduct

D.changesinthepopularityofproductscancausedifficulties

問題3選項

A.existingcustomershavedemandedthenewproducts

B.theywillbesoldinthesameoutlets

C.thenewlineswillexpandthemanufacturer’smarket

D.thereisaconnectioninthewaythatthegoodscanbeused

問題4選項

A.wasagamblewhichsucceeded

B.builtonthepopularityofcertaintypeofclothing

C.showedthevalueofcarefulplanning

D.createdproductionproblemsforthemanufacturer

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Now,wehaveenteredathirdageofbranding,inwhichsomanycompaniesaremakingroughlythesameproductatroughlythesamepricethatfunctionalityrarelysucceedsasapointofdifferentiation.（現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)進入了品牌化的第三階段，在這一階段，許多公司以大致相同的價格生產(chǎn)大致相同的產(chǎn)品，而功能很少作為一個差異點成功）可知A選項“競爭產(chǎn)品可能提供相同的功能”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Onedisadvantageofaproduct-basedbrandisthatiftheproductgoesoutoffashion,thebrandgoeswithit.Thisisaseriousconcernformanufacturesofbreakfastcereals,whoarestrugglingtocounterweakdemandfortheproductsthatbeartheirnames.（以產(chǎn)品為基礎(chǔ)的品牌的一個缺點是，如果產(chǎn)品過時了，品牌也會隨之改變。這是早餐谷類食品制造商的一個嚴(yán)重?fù)?dān)憂，他們正努力應(yīng)對以其名字命名的產(chǎn)品需求疲軟）可知D選項“產(chǎn)品受歡迎程度的變化可能會造成困難”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第五段中的Fromthisviewpoint,thedecisiontomovefromsportsshoesintoconsumerelectronicsmakessense.Mostitemsintherange,suchasthetwo-wayradioforhikers,aresports-focused,eventhoughtheproductsmaybeadoptedasfashionaccessories,andthesportsshoecustomerswillprobablysnapthemup.（從這個角度來看，決定從運動鞋轉(zhuǎn)向消費電子產(chǎn)品是有道理的。該系列中的大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品，如徒步旅行者使用的對講機，雖然可能會被當(dāng)成是時尚配飾，但同樣也是運動類產(chǎn)品，并且運動鞋的消費者可能會搶購這類產(chǎn)品）可知D選項“在產(chǎn)品使用方面存在聯(lián)系”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Maybethisjustshowsthataninspiredmove—andbyallaccountsasnapdecision—sometimespaysoffagainsttheodds,leavingthemanufacturerlaughingallthewaytothebank.（也許這正好表明了一個富有靈感的行為——或者按大家說的是一個倉促的決定——有時可能也會一把賭贏，最后使得制造商輕而易舉地賺大錢）可知A選項“是一場成功的賭博”符合題意。

11.單選題

Atthesametime,theFund,UnitedNationsFundforPopulationActivities,workstochangetheparadigmofmasculinitythatallowsfortheresolutionofconflictthroughviolence.

問題1選項

A.model

B.covenant

C.aspiration

D.hurdle

【答案】A

【解析】句意：與此同時，人口基金，即聯(lián)合國人口活動基金，正在努力改變男子氣概的……，這種……允許通過暴力解決沖突。A選項model“模式”；B選項covenant“契約”；C選項aspiration“抱負(fù)”；D選項hurdle“障礙”。由句意可知，“模式”更適合本句語境，因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Theencouragingfactoristhatthe（

）majorityofpeoplefindtheideaofchangeacceptable.

問題1選項

A.numerous

B.vast

C.most

D.massive

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。thevastmajorityof指“絕大部分，絕大多數(shù)”。選項B正確。

13.單選題

W:Wouldyoulikemetogetyousometea?

M:Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwant?

問題1選項

A.Todrinkteainawhile.

B.Toprepareteahimself.

C.Togetthewomansometealater.

D.Todrinksomethingelse.

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)男士的回答“Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.現(xiàn)在不用，謝謝?？赡芤粫簳枰?。”可知A選項‘一會兒再喝’正確。

14.單選題

Weather（）,wewouldliketohaveapicnictogetherbythemeadow.

問題1選項

A.permits

B.permitted

C.permit

D.permitting

【答案】D

【解析】考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。前后部分主語分別是Weather和we，不一致，因此是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作條件狀語。weather和permit這個動作之間為主動關(guān)系，表示“天氣允許的話”，相當(dāng)于Ifweatherpermits。句意：如果天氣允許的話，我們明天去野餐。因此D選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Suchquestionsshouldbeapproachedhonestlyandinfullawarenessthat（

）loanagreementswillcostmoneyduetocancellationorothercharges.

問題1選項

A.compressing

B.terminating

C.conforming

D.contending

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:這些問題應(yīng)該認(rèn)真的探討，要充分意識到終止貸款協(xié)議及其他事項是要花成本的。

compress(被)壓緊;精簡;濃縮;壓縮;壓縮(文件等)。terminate(使)停止，結(jié)束，終止;到達終點站。conform順從，順應(yīng)(大多數(shù)人或社會);隨潮流;遵守。contend(尤指在爭論中)聲稱，主張，認(rèn)為;競爭;爭奪。

16.單選題

Providingfirstclassserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

問題1選項

A.attitudes

B.methods

C.solutions

D.thoughts

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：提供頭等艙服務(wù)是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。A選項attitude“態(tài)度，看法”；B選項method“方法，條理”；C選項solution“解決方案”；D選項thought“想法”。tactic意為“策略，戰(zhàn)略”，選項B代入最符合語境。

17.不定項選擇題

“AHARMLESSdrudge.”O(jiān)fthedefinitionsinSamuelJohnson'sgreatEnglishdictionaryof1755,thatof“l(fā)exicographer”,hisowncalling,isthemostfamous,anexampleofthesamewitthatledhimtodefine“oats”as“agrain,whichinEnglandisgenerallygiventohorses,butinScotlandsupportsthepeople”.

Whynamealanguagecolumnafteraharmlessdrudge?BecauseJohnson,despitethedrudgery,knewthatlanguagewasnotharmless.Itspowertoinformandtoleadastray,toentertainandtoannoy,tobuildco-operationordestroyareputation,makeslanguageseriousstuff,TheEconomist's“Johnson”columnbeganin1992andwaslaterrevivedonline.Thisweekitreturnstotheprintedition,andhenceforthwillappearfortnightly.

Manyofthetopicstackledarefun:swearingandslang,preferencesandpeeves.Somearemorefundamental.Languagerevealsalotabouthumannature:howpeoplereasondifferentlyinaforeignlanguage,ortowhatextentdifferentlanguagesencodeaworldview,aresomeofthemostexcitingandcontroversialtopicsinlinguisticresearch.

Peoplecareintenselyabouttheirlanguage,andsolanguageinthewiderworldsometimescomesintoconflict.TheperceivedarroganceofCastilianstoCatalanthreatenstosunderSpain;“l(fā)anguagepolice”inQuebectellrestaurantownerstochange“pasta”and“grilledcheese”patesandfromaefondant.Attheextreme,thepassageofalawdowngradingRussianinUkrainehelpssparkwarinthatcountry;VladimirPutinhasuseditasevidencethatUkrainiannationalistsarebentonwipingoutRussianculturethere.Thewarhasrumbledonsince,withlanguagethemostobvioussymbolofwideridentityandsympathy.

SotheJohnsoncolumntreatstopicslightandheavyaswellaslanguagebothEnglishandinternational.Alanguagecolumnisexpectedtotacklequestionsofrightandwrong.Thereareroughlytwoviewsofhowtodothis:onetop-down,basedonauthority,prestige,writingandstability;onebottom-up,restingonhowmostpeopleactuallyusethelanguage,andopentochange.

Thetwoschoolsofthought,knownas“prescriptivism”(whichsetsdownhowthelanguageshouldbe)and“descriptivism”(whichtellshowitis),haveoftenbeenatdaggersdrawn:Englishteachersandsomeusage-bookwritersononeside,andacademiclinguists,lexicographersandotherusage-bookwritersontheother.Inthecaricature,prescriptivistsareauthoritarianswiththeirheadsinthesand,insistingonVictorian-eranon-rules.Thedescriptivistsaremockedas“anything-is-correct",embracingeveryfad,eventhatShakespeareshouldbetaughtintext-message-speak.

Anintellectualwritingforaneliteaudience,SamuelJohnsondidnotshyawayfrom“right”and“wrong”,even“barbarity”,“depravity”and“corruption”,inmattersoflanguage.Buthedeclaredhistaskwasnotto“form”butto“register”(thatis,describe)thelanguage;tryingtostopchangewasliketryingto“l(fā)ashthewind”.Aboveall,hisyearsofdrudgingatthedictionaryhadtaughthimhumility:heknewhewassuretocommit“afewwildblunders,andvisibleabsurdities,fromwhichnoworkofsuchmultiplicitywaseverfree”.

Prescribingisnotreallytheoppositeofdescribing.LexicographersfromJohnson'sdayonmustdescribethelanguage,groundingtheirdefinitionsinreallivingEnglish.Butthatisinordertogivestrongerrootstoabooktheyknowpeoplewilluseforfirmguidance.Academiclinguists,thearch-descriptivists,areperfectlywillingtocallsomeusageswrongandothersplainugly.

1.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutSamuelJohnsonaccordingtothepassage?

2.Whyislanguageseriousstuffaccordingtothepassage?

3.FromPara4,theauthorhaslistedtheconflictscausedbylanguageinthefollowingcountriesEXCEPT（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.SamuelJohnsononcecompiledagreatEnglishdictionary.

B.SamuelJohnsondefinedoatsasagrainwhichisgenerallygiventohorsesinEnglandbutsupportsthepeopleinScotland.

C.SamuelJohnsondefinedlexicographerasaharmlessdrudge.

D.SamuelJohnsonknewthatlanguagewasharmless.

問題2選項

A.Ithaspowertoinformandtoleadastray.

B.Ithaspowertoentertainandtoannoy.

C.Ithaspowertobuildcooperationordestroyareputation.

D.Alloftheabove.

問題3選項

A.Ukraine

B.Canada

C.Quebec

D.Spain

問題4選項

A.TheEconomist's“Johnson”columnbegunin1992treatsdifferenttopicsindifferentlanguages.

B.Bothprescriptivistsanddescriptivistsaremockedintheacademicarticles.

C.Tryingtostopchangeinlanguagewasliketryingto“l(fā)ashthewind”.

D.LexicographersfromJohnson'sdayonmustgroundtheirdefinitionsinreallivingEnglish.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutSamuelJohnsonaccordingtothepassage?1.根據(jù)文章，關(guān)于塞繆爾?約翰遜，下列哪個選項是錯誤的？

A.SamuelJohnsononcecompiledagreatEnglishdictionary.A.塞繆爾?約翰遜曾編過一本偉大的英語詞典。

B.SamuelJohnsondefinedoatsasagrainwhichisgenerallygiventohorsesinEnglandbutsupportsthepeopleinScotland.B.塞繆爾?約翰遜將燕麥定義為一種谷物，這種谷物在英格蘭通常用來喂馬，但在蘇格蘭卻可以養(yǎng)活人民。

C.SamuelJohnsondefinedlexicographerasaharmlessdrudge.C.塞繆爾?約翰遜把詞典編纂者定義為無害的苦工。

D.SamuelJohnsonknewthatlanguagewasharmless.D.塞繆爾?約翰遜知道語言是無害的。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第二句“因為盡管約翰遜的工作很辛苦，但他知道語言并非無害（languagewasnotharmless）”，理解可知，“語言并非無害”即“語言是有害的”，所以D項與原文相反。該題選擇D項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】A選項“塞繆爾?約翰遜曾編過一本偉大的英語詞典”、B選項“塞繆爾?約翰遜將燕麥定義為一種谷物，這種谷物在英格蘭通常用來喂馬，但在蘇格蘭卻可以養(yǎng)活人民”和C選項“塞繆爾?約翰遜把詞典編纂者定義為無害的苦工”符合原文第一段“1755年塞繆爾?約翰遜的《英語大詞典》中對‘無害的苦力’的定義中，‘詞典編纂者’的定義是最著名的，也是一個機智的例子，使他將‘燕麥’定義為‘一種谷物，在英格蘭通常是給馬吃的，但在蘇格蘭是給人吃的’”的內(nèi)容，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Whyislanguageseriousstuffaccordingtothepassage?2.根據(jù)文章，為什么語言是嚴(yán)肅的東西？

A.Ithaspowertoinformandtoleadastray.A.它有提供信息和誤導(dǎo)的力量。

B.Ithaspowertoentertainandtoannoy.B.它既有娛樂的力量，也有騷擾的力量。

C.Ithaspowertobuildcooperationordestroyareputation.C.它有能力建立合作，也有能力摧毀聲譽。

D.Alloftheabove.D.以上都是。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞seriousstuff定位至原文第二段第三句“它既能提供信息，也能誤導(dǎo)人，既能娛樂，也能惹怒人，既能建立合作關(guān)系，也能毀掉聲譽，這使得語言變得嚴(yán)肅起來”，理解可知，因為語言的雙面性使得它成為一個嚴(yán)肅的事情。D選項“以上都是”完整地概括了原文的信息，該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“它有提供信息和誤導(dǎo)的力量”、B選項“它既有娛樂的力量，也有騷擾的力量”和C選項“它有能力建立合作，也有能力摧毀聲譽”根據(jù)解題思路可知，總結(jié)不全面，以偏概全。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.FromPara4,theauthorhaslistedtheconflictscausedbylanguageinthefollowingcountriesEXCEPT______.3.在第4段中，作者列舉了除______以外的以下國家因語言而引起的沖突。

A.UkraineA.烏克蘭

B.CanadaB.加拿大

C.QuebecC.魁北克

D.SpainD.西班牙

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第四段，該段提到“卡斯提爾人對加泰羅尼亞人的傲慢威脅著西班牙的分裂；魁北克的‘語言警察’要求餐館老板更換‘意大利面’和‘烤奶酪’餡餅和方旦糖。在極端情況下，通過一項降低俄羅斯在烏克蘭地位的法律，有助于在該國引發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭……”，從中可知，烏克蘭、加拿大和西班牙這三個國家都有提到，而魁北克是加拿大的一個城市，不是國家，所以該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A選項“烏克蘭”、B選項“加拿大”和D選項“西班牙”都有提到，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinthepassage?4.文章中沒有提到下列哪項？

A.TheEconomist’s“Johnson”columnbegunin1992treatsdifferenttopicsindifferentlanguages.A.《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》的“約翰遜”專欄始于1992年，用不同的語言探討了不同的話題。

B.Bothprescriptivistsanddescriptivistsaremockedintheacademicarticles.B.規(guī)范主義者和描述主義者都在學(xué)術(shù)文章中遭到嘲笑。

C.Tryingtostopchangeinlanguagewasliketryingto“l(fā)ashthewind”.C.試圖阻止語言的變化就像試圖“鞭策風(fēng)”。

D.LexicographersfromJohnson’sdayonmustgroundtheirdefinitionsinreallivingEnglish.D.從約翰遜時代起，詞典編纂者們的定義必須以現(xiàn)實生活中的英語為基礎(chǔ)。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第六段最后兩句“在漫畫中，規(guī)范主義者是躲在沙子里的威權(quán)主義者，堅持維多利亞時代的無規(guī)則。這些描述主義者被嘲笑為‘一切都是正確的’，他們擁抱每一種時尚，甚至認(rèn)為莎士比亞應(yīng)該用短信用語來教授?！?，從中可知，規(guī)范主義者和描述主義者是在漫畫中被嘲諷，而不是在學(xué)術(shù)文章中，所以B選項“規(guī)范主義者和描述主義者都在學(xué)術(shù)文章中遭到嘲笑”不符合原文，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》的‘約翰遜’專欄始于1992年，用不同的語言探討了不同的話題”定位第二段第二句“……《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》的‘約翰遜’專欄始于1992年……”，以及第三段前兩句“很多話題都很有趣：臟話和俚語，喜好和煩惱。有些是更基本的?！?，理解可知，A項正確，屬于反向干擾；

C選項“試圖阻止語言的變化就像試圖‘鞭策風(fēng)’”定位至倒數(shù)第二段第二句“……試圖阻止改變就像試圖鞭策風(fēng)’”，可知該項屬于反向干擾；

D選項“從約翰遜時代起，詞典編纂者們的定義必須以現(xiàn)實生活中的英語為基礎(chǔ)”定位至最后一段第二句“從約翰遜時代起，詞典編纂者就必須以真實的英語為基礎(chǔ)來描述這種語言”，可知該項也屬于反向干擾。

18.單選題

Hestoodthere,（

）apen.

問題1選項

A.askingfor

B.askfor

C.askedfor

D.toaskfor

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他站在那,想要一只筆。

語法題。考查動詞的-ing形式作狀語。此處已有謂語動詞stood，所以后面是ask的Ing形式作伴隨狀語。故選A。

19.單選題

Please（）yourselffromsmokingandspittinginpublicplaces,sincethelawforbidsthem.

問題1選項

A.restrain

B.hinder

C.restrict

D.prohibit

【答案】A

【解析】句意:請不要在公共場所吸煙以及隨地吐痰！這可是違法的！

考查動詞辨析。restrain制止，阻止，管制，忍住，后可接反身代詞和from,構(gòu)成restrainoneselffrom...表示戒掉…習(xí)慣，符合題意。hinder妨礙，阻止，后不接from,故排除。restrict限制，后接介詞to,構(gòu)成restrictto表示僅限于……，不符合句意，故排除。prohibit禁止，可以直接接賓語，后面不接from，也排除。因此選A。

20.單選題

Recentlythenewspapershavereportedseveral（）ontheboundariesofIsraelandJordan.

問題1選項

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.events

D.happenings

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。accidents“意外事故,交通事故”；incidents“事件，事變”；events“大事件，項目”；happenings“意外發(fā)生的事”。句意：最近，報紙報道了幾起發(fā)生在以色列和約旦邊境上的事件。首先可排除選項A和D；選項B含有“事變”的意思，更符合語境，所以正確。

21.翻譯題

IfyoujudgetheprogressofhumanitybyHomerSimpson,ParisHilton,andGirlsGoneWildvideos,youmightconcludethatourevolutionhasstalledorevenshiftedintoreverse.Notso,scientistssay.Humansareevolvingfasterthaneverbefore,pickingupnewgenetictraitsandtalentsthatmayhelpussurviveaturbulentfuture.

Muchremodelinghasgoneonsciencethedawnofagricultureabout10millenniumsago.”Peoplewholived10000yearsagoweremuchmorelikeNeanderthalsthanwearelikethosepeople:saysJohnHawks,aprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofWisconsin."We’vechanged".

Hawksisamongagrowingnumberofscientistswhoareusingwhole-genomesequencing(全基因組測試)andothermodemtechnologiestozeroinonjusthowwe’vechanged.Theirresearchishelpingilluminatenotonlyhowhumansbecamewhatwearebutalsowherewemightbeheaded.Forinstance,somescientistsspeculatethatchangesinhumanmatingpatternsmaybecontributingtotheincreaseinautism.Otherstrackhowhumanshavemorphedinresponsetochangingcircumstance,includingenhancedabilitiestometabolizesugarandfightdisease.SomepeoplearegeneticallymoreresistanttotheHIVvirus,forinstance,andthattraitshouldbecomemorecommoninthefuture,asthosepeoplearemorelikelytosurviveandhavechildrenwhoareresistant.Yetforsomepeople,themakeoverisn’tbigenoughorfastenough.SomeparentshavestartedusingDNAtestingtochoosethegeneticmakeupoftheirchildren,rejectingembryoswithinheritedflawsorembracingthosewithdesiredtraits-suchasbeingtherightsex.

Untilrecently,anthropologistthoughtthathumanevolutionhadsloweddown,butlastDecember,Hawksreportedthatithadactuallyaccelerated100-foldinthepast5000to10000years.HefiguredthatoutbycomparingchunksofDNAamong269peoplefromaroundtheworld.Overtime,DNAaccumulatesrandommutations,justasthefrontofawhiteT-shirttendstoaccumulatespots.ThebiggerthechunksofDNAwithoutrandomspots,themostrecentlyithadbeenmimed.Usingthissystem,Hawksconcludedthatrecentgeneticchangesaccountforabout7percentofhumangenome.Muchoftheincrease,hesays,hasfueledbythegrowthoftheworld’spopulation,whichhasexpandedbyafactorof1000overthepast10000years.Havingmorepeopleincreasestheoddsofmutations.

Atthesametime,thehumangenomehasbeenscramblingtoadopttoarapidlychangingworld-11000yearsago,nobodyframed,nobodymilkeddomesticatedanimals,andnobodylivedinacity.Peoplewithamutationthataidedsurvivalweremorelikelytothrive,reproduce,andpassthatmutationalongtooffspringForexample,thecapacitytodigestlactose,thesugarinmilk,hasbecomecommononlyoverthepast3000years.Now,about95percentofthepeopleinnorthernGermanyhavethemutation,whichalsopoppedupindependentlyamongtheMasaiinAfricanandtheLappsinFinlandHawkssays:"thisisreallyrapidevolution."

Humanswillcontinuetochangetocopewithnewdiseases,ifhistoryisanyguideGenesthatdefendagainstinfectionsdiseasehavebeenamongthemostrapidlyevolvingpartsofthehumangenome.PeoplewhoseancestorslivedinEuropeancitiesaremorelikelytohavesomeresistancetosmallpox,whilepeopleinsub-SaharanAfricaaremorelikelytogeneticallyresistancetomalaria.Justweeksago,researchreportedthatonegeneticvariantthatonegeneticvariantthatprotectsagainstmalariaalsomakespeoplemoresusceptibletoAIDS,adiscoverythatcouldleadtotailoredtreatmentifforAIDSinAfrica.

Rightnow,ourgenesareplayingcatch-upagainstmodemscourges-likediabetes,NativeAmericansandPolynesians,whoseculturesonlyrecentlyadoptedaEuropean-styledietofdiabetes.Thetheoryisthatthe'thriftygenes"thathelpedthosegroupssurvivefamineshaven’thadtimetoadapttotheglucosespikescausedbyeatingstarchyfood."Howwemovesugarsaroundhowbumthemhavereallychangedalot,"saysGregoryWary,anevolutionarybiologistatDukeUniversity.

It’sevenpossiblethatveryrecentchangesinsocietyandtheworkplacecouldunderpintherecentriseincasesofautism.SimonBaron-Cohen,directoroftheAutismResearchCentreattheUniversityofCambridge,wasstruckbyhowmanyoftheparentsofchildrenwithautismwhohetestedwerereallygood‘‘systematizers”peoplewhounderstandtheworldaccordingtorulesorlaws.TheyalsoweremorelikelytohaveafatherwhoworkedinengineeringHewondersiftheincreaseinautismdiagnosescouldbepartlydueto‘a(chǎn)ssortativemating’thatis,peoplepickingmateslikethemselves.

Peoplewithautism(自閉癥)spectrumdisorderareoftendetailorientedandanalytical,andtodaytheymighthaveaneasiertimefindingaspousewithsimilarabilitiesthantheywouldhaveinpasteras.Baron-Cohennotesthatinthelate1950s,onlytwopercentoftheund