考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hewassoangrythathejustcouldn’t（）fromtellingthemwhathethought.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.holdoff

B.holdon

C.holdback

D.holdup

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。holdbackfrom意為“抑制…阻止…”。句意“他非常生氣，忍不住把自己的想法告訴了他們?！边x項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensation“感覺，轟動(dòng)，感動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)teeter“蹺蹺板，搖擺不定”；C選項(xiàng)fanatic“狂熱入迷者，狂熱分子，盲信者”；D選項(xiàng)prod“戳，捅，刺戳的工具，刺激，提醒”。句意：共和黨在2010年中期選舉中取得壓倒性勝利，將一批新一代的保守狂熱分子推上了白宮，摧毀了中間立場(chǎng)，使得立法幾乎不可能。Zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Withoutclearguidelines（）,executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalosswhattodo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inorder

B.inplace

C.inneed

D.introuble

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)inorder“有序的，整齊的”；B選項(xiàng)inplace“合適的，在合適的位置，執(zhí)行的，設(shè)立的”；C選項(xiàng)inneed“需要……的，需要幫忙的”；D選項(xiàng)introuble“有麻煩”。句意：在沒有（）明確的指導(dǎo)方針的情況下，醫(yī)院的管理人員有時(shí)不知所措。A、C和D選項(xiàng)明顯不符合題意，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然；無疑；堅(jiān)定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍保籅選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；C選項(xiàng)precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項(xiàng)consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識(shí)最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

5.單選題

Theyworkedforthecomplete（）ofslaveryforsolongthattheycontributedtheiryouthtothisideal.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abortion

B.absorption

C.abolition

D.abomination

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)abortion“流產(chǎn)，墮胎，（計(jì)劃等）失敗”；B選項(xiàng)absorption“吸收；全神貫注，專心致志”；C選項(xiàng)abolition“廢除；廢止”；D選項(xiàng)abomination“厭惡；憎恨；令人厭惡的事物”。句意：他們?yōu)閺氐讖U除奴隸制度工作了如此長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，以至于將自己的青春奉獻(xiàn)給了這個(gè)理想。結(jié)合句意，C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

=Heknewthathewouldbepunishedseverelybecauseofhisseriouserror.Thereforehe（

）

awaythedaybeforeyesterday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cautioned

B.fled

C.chattered

D.civilized

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意:他知道自己犯了很嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，會(huì)受到嚴(yán)厲的責(zé)罰，因此，他前天就逃了。

fleeaway逃離。

7.單選題

Standingatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog（）fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairyland.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descend

B.decrease

C.ascend

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descend“下降；遺傳”；B選項(xiàng)decrease“減??；減少”；C選項(xiàng)ascend“上升；攀登”；D選項(xiàng)increase“增加；增大”。句意：站在山頂，我們看著霧從下面的山谷……，我們好像進(jìn)入了一個(gè)仙境。形容云霧繚繞，霧應(yīng)該是從下方升起的，故選C。

8.單選題

IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohavecaught

B.tocatch

C.catching

D.havingcaught

【答案】B

【解析】考查目的狀語。在整個(gè)句子中，過去時(shí)態(tài)體現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞上，根據(jù)語境，沒有時(shí)間趕上最后一班公交車，表明橫線部分為目的狀語，不需要體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)，所以A選項(xiàng)tohavecaught和D選項(xiàng)havingcaught不符合題意，同時(shí)sb.havetime后面的目的狀語用todo，所以B選項(xiàng)tocatch符合題意。C選項(xiàng)catching表示伴隨狀態(tài)，不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thenewpolicieswill（）ratherthanhelppoorfamilies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hide

B.hinder

C.hint

D.hind

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞hide“隱藏”，B項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞hinder“阻礙、打擾”，C項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞hint“暗示、示意”，D項(xiàng)形容詞hind“后部的”；句意：新政策將阻礙而不是幫助貧困家庭。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

10.寫作題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayofnolessthan200wordsonCellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?Theessayshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelow.

1.Thepresentsituation;

2.Itsadvantages;

3.Itsdisadvantages;

4.Yoursuggestions.

【答案】CellPhones:aBlessingoraNuisance?

Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandinformationindustry,cellphonesplayanimportantroleinpeople’s,especiallytownspeople’slife.But,likeeverythingelse,theyareamixedblessing.

First,it’suseful.Asawirelesstelephone,itcanbecarriedanywhereonewantstogoandcanbeusedtocallthecalleehoweverfarawayheorsheis.Therefore,itgreatlyfacilitatespeople’slife.Second,it’sconvenient.Wheneveronegetsintotroubleormeetssomethingurgent,onecanaskforhelpbymakingaphonecallimmediately.Mostimportantofall,it’saveryhelpfulcompanion.Withamultifunctionalcellphoneinhand,onecaneasilylogon,browsingusefulinformation,conductingE-commerceanddoingwhateveronecandoviatheInternet.

However,justaseverythinghastwosides,thecellphonealsohasmanydisadvantages.First,itmayaffectothers’attention.Forexample,somepeopleusetheircellphoneswhilelisteningtoalectureorattendingameeting,whichundoubtedlydistractstheattentionofothers,thusseriouslyaffectingtheatmosphereofthelectureorthemeeting.Second,itdoesmoreharmtoprimaryschoolstudentsandevenjuniormiddleschoolstudents.Manyofthemdonotknowhowdifficultitisfortheirparentstoearnmoney,theywastealotofmoneychattingwiththeirfriendsorgettingontheNetbymeansoftheircellphones.Worstofall,quiteanumberofadulttesteescheatontheirtestsbyusingtheircellphones.

Inmyview,itisunreasonableandimpossibletobantheuseofcellphonesamongyoungstudents.Whatreallycountsistousecellphonesontherightoccasions.SoIstronglysuggestforbiddingturningonthecellphoneinclass,ontestsoratmeetings.Anothersuggestionistoforbidprimaryschoolstudentsandjuniormiddlestudentstousecellphonesintheirschoolsonweekdays.Ofcoursetheycanusetheirsathomeorelsewhereonweekends.

11.單選題

10.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shemarriedbecauseofloneliness.

B.Shemarriedamillionaire.

C.Shemarriedformoney.

D.Shemarriedforlove.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Cindyjustgotdivorced.

M:Sosoon!Shegotmarriedonlylastsummer.

W:Well,shefoundoutthatherhusbandwasnotthemillionaireshethoughthewas.

Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutCindy?

【解析】推斷題。女士說：shefoundoutthatherhusbandwasnotthemillionaireshethoughthewas，即Cindy離婚的原因是發(fā)現(xiàn)丈夫沒有想象得那么有錢。

12.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“l(fā)abormarketproblems”inlines1torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat（）.

6.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

7.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

8.Theconclusionstatedinlines15-19aboutthenumberofpeoplewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenessdependsprimarilyonthepointthat（）.

9.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty

C.Wheretheareasofagreementareamongpoverty,employment,andearningsfigures

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanyonetimedonotsufferseverehardship

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.intimesofhighunemployment,therearesomepeoplewhodonotremainunemployedforlong

B.thecapacityforself-supportdependsonreceivingmoderate-to-highwages

C.thoseinforcedidlenessinclude,besidestheunemployed,bothunderemployedpart-timeworkersandthosenotactivelyseekingwork

D.atdifferenttimesduringtheyear,differentpeopleareunemployed

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.Ashort-termincreaseinthenumberofthoseinpovertycanindicateashortageofjobsbecausethebasicnumberofthoseunabletoacceptemploymentremainsapproximatelyconstant.

B.Forthosewhoareinpovertyasaresultofjoblessness,therearesocialprogramsavailablethatprovideaminimumstandardofliving.

C.Povertystatisticsdonotconsistentlyagreewithearningsstatistics,wheneachistakenasameasureofhardshipresultingfromunemployment.

D.Theelderlyandhandicappedcategoriesincludemanywhopreviouslywereemployedinthelabormarket.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

【解析】1.主旨題。文章開頭引出了整篇文章的話題“Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.”有多少人會(huì)因?yàn)閯趧?wù)市場(chǎng)問題而遭受不幸？這是最關(guān)鍵但也是最有爭(zhēng)議的社會(huì)政策問題之一。所以整篇文章的主題為勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)及就業(yè)問題。下文分析了這一問題的出現(xiàn)，并且提出由于社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的缺陷和不完善，使人們無法確定勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問題的嚴(yán)重程度和因勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問題而遭受不幸的具體人數(shù)。最后文章提出“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and…”，由于這些相互矛盾的證據(jù)，目前還不確定那些由于勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問題而遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p失的人數(shù)是數(shù)十萬人還是數(shù)千萬人……由此可判斷出本篇文章主要內(nèi)容為：社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)是如何模糊不清地反映出低工資和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)不足所造成的困難程度的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四句“Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.”，如今，失業(yè)不會(huì)像20世紀(jì)30年代那樣帶來可怕的后果，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)大多數(shù)失業(yè)者都是家里的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱，當(dāng)時(shí)收入通常更接近于溫飽線，當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)于那些在勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)上失敗的人，沒有相應(yīng)的解決措施。所以整篇文章提到的勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問題主要是兩個(gè)方面的問題，一是失業(yè)，二是收入。所以選項(xiàng)D“提供豐厚收入的崗位的缺乏”符合文章意思。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930s…”，可知作者認(rèn)為在許多方面，社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)夸大了勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)的困難程度。將20世紀(jì)30年代和現(xiàn)今進(jìn)行對(duì)比，是為了說明失業(yè)所帶來的后果不像20世紀(jì)30年代時(shí)那樣嚴(yán)重。可推斷出失業(yè)影響的嚴(yán)重程度有所降低。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions…”,作者提出的問題是“由于矛盾的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，不確定因?yàn)閯趧?wù)市場(chǎng)問題而遭受不幸的具體人數(shù)究竟是多少”。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.”，作者對(duì)這一問題所持有的觀點(diǎn)是：現(xiàn)有的貧困、就業(yè)和收入統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不足以用來衡量勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問題的后果嚴(yán)重性?？赏茢喑鲎髡哚槍?duì)這一問題，可能最恰當(dāng)?shù)奶嶙h是制定新的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，以衡量勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)問題所造成的不幸程度。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.”，可知第二段作者提出的主要觀點(diǎn)是我們的社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)在許多方面低估了與勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)相關(guān)的困難程度。此句為第二段的中心句，其他部分都是圍繞此句展開的論述，可推斷出下文作者提到那些一年之內(nèi)多次失業(yè)的人目的是為了說明失業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)可能低估了失業(yè)帶來的困難。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.”，我國(guó)的收入轉(zhuǎn)移一直集中在老年人、殘疾人和被贍養(yǎng)的人身上，而忽視了有工作的窮人的需要，因此，現(xiàn)金和實(shí)物轉(zhuǎn)移的急劇增長(zhǎng)，并不一定意味著那些在勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)中遭受不幸的人得到了充分的保護(hù)?？膳袛喑鍪杖朕D(zhuǎn)移對(duì)低收入人群的緩解作用不惠及一些有工作的貧困者，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后幾句“Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.”，文章提到收入數(shù)據(jù)也夸大了困難的程度，下文便解釋了原因，在數(shù)百萬小時(shí)工資處于或低于最低工資水平的人中，絕大多數(shù)都有多份收入，而且家庭相對(duì)富裕?？膳袛喑鰧?dǎo)致失業(yè)和收入數(shù)據(jù)高估經(jīng)濟(jì)困難程度的一個(gè)原因是在低收入和失業(yè)的人群中，普遍存在有工作的家庭的人。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.”，對(duì)于被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)，作者的結(jié)論為：由于一年中某段時(shí)間內(nèi)失業(yè)的人數(shù)是某個(gè)月失業(yè)人數(shù)的幾倍，因此那些被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)可能等于或超過年平均失業(yè)人數(shù)，盡管在任何一個(gè)月里只有少數(shù)失業(yè)者真正受苦。下文就對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)論進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步說明，根據(jù)文章“Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.”，對(duì)于被記入月失業(yè)人數(shù)中的人來說，有些人因?yàn)闆]有能力找到全職工作而做兼職，或者在勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)外，但是需要一份工作?？赏茢喑鲎髡邔?duì)于被迫失業(yè)而受苦的人數(shù)做出的結(jié)論，主要取決于這一點(diǎn)：被迫失業(yè)的人除了失業(yè)者外，還包括未充分就業(yè)的兼職工作者和不積極尋找工作的人。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.推斷題。題目意思為“下列哪一項(xiàng)最能夠批判作者關(guān)于為什么貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)不能如實(shí)地表現(xiàn)出勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)存在的問題的觀點(diǎn)”，實(shí)際上題目要求選出與作者觀點(diǎn)相反的一項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.”作者對(duì)于這一問題的觀點(diǎn)為：因?yàn)樨毨Ыy(tǒng)計(jì)中的大多數(shù)是老年人或殘疾人，或有些人由于家庭負(fù)擔(dān)而無法成為勞動(dòng)力，所以貧困統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)無法準(zhǔn)確地反映勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)的問題?？赏茢喑雠c此觀點(diǎn)相反的選項(xiàng)為A“貧困人口數(shù)量的短期增加可能表明就業(yè)崗位不足，因?yàn)闊o法接受就業(yè)的人員的基數(shù)大致保持不變?！?，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

ManyfarmsintheSouthernUnitedStates（）hayandtobaccoandexportthemtootherpartsofthecountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.store

B.fertilize

C.sow

D.yield

【答案】D

【解析】fertilize使肥沃；sow播種；yield出產(chǎn)。句意：美國(guó)南部的許多農(nóng)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)干草和煙草,并出口到美國(guó)其他地區(qū)。選項(xiàng)D最符合語境。

14.單選題

Amanhastomake______forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughmoneytoliveonwhenold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)supply“提供”；B項(xiàng)assurance“保證、保險(xiǎn)”；C項(xiàng)provision“供應(yīng)、準(zhǔn)備”；D項(xiàng)adjustment“調(diào)整”；句意：一個(gè)人必須存下足夠的錢來養(yǎng)老。因此該題C項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Withhisface（）byamask,thefiremandashedintothehouseonfire.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hidden

B.concealed

C.screened

D.buried

【答案】C

【解析】四個(gè)詞都有“掩飾,掩藏”之意,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。hide—般用于hidesb/sthinaplace；conceal隱瞞,一般表示“掩飾,不讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保護(hù)的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根據(jù)句意可知,所以C符合語境。

16.單選題

Youshouldknowbetterthan（

）yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toleave

B.leaving

C.tohaveleft

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該很清楚不應(yīng)該把你妹妹一個(gè)人留在家里。

固定搭配。knowbetterthantodosth.很清楚不應(yīng)該做……。

17.單選題

WhenA.PhilipRandolphassumedtheleadershipoftheBrotherhoodofSleepingCarPorters,hebeganaten-yearbattletowinrecognitionfromthePullmanCompany,thelargestprivateemployerofBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatesandthecompanythatcontrolledtherailroadindustry’ssleepingcarandparlorservice.In1935theBrotherhoodbecamethefirstBlackunionrecognizedbyamajorcorporation.Randolph’seffortsinthebattlehelpedtransformtheattitudeofBlackworkerstowardunionsandtowardthemselvesasanidentifiablegroup;eventually,Randolphhelpedtoweakenorganizedlabor’santagonismtowardBlackworkers.

InthePullmancontestRandolphfacedformidableobstacles.ThefirstwasBlackworkers’understandableskepticismtowardunions,whichhadhistoricallybarredBlackworkersfrommembership.AnadditionalobstaclewastheunionthatPullmanitselfhadformed,whichweakenedsupportamongBlackworkersforanindependententity.

TheBrotherhoodpossessedanumberofadvantages,however,includingRandolph’sowntacticalabilities.In1928hetooktheboldstepofthreateningastrikeagainstPullman.Suchathreat,onanationalscale,underBlackleadership,helpedreplacethestereotypeoftheBlackworkerasservantwiththeimageoftheBlackworkeraswageearner.Inaddition,theporters’veryisolationaidedtheBrotherhood.Porterswerescatteredthroughoutthecountry,sleepingindormitoriesinBlackcommunities;theirsegregatedlifeprotectedtheunion’internalcommunicationsfrominterception.Thattheporterswereahomogeneousgroupworkingforasingleemployerwithsinglelaborpolicy,thussharingthesamegrievancesfromcitytocity,alsostrengthenedtheBrotherhoodandencouragedracialidentityandsolidarityaswell.Butitwasonlyintheearly1930sthatfederallegislationprohibitingacompanyfrommaintainingitsownunionswithcompanymoneyeventuallyallowedtheBrotherhoodtobecomerecognizedastheporters’representative.

Notcontentwiththistriumph,RandolphbroughttheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor,whereitbecametheequaloftheFederation’s105otherunions.Hereasonedthatasamemberunion,theBrotherhoodwouldbeinabetterpositiontoexertpressureonmemberunionsthatpracticedracerestrictions.Suchrestrictionswereeventuallyfoundunconstitutionalin1944.

1.Accordingtothepassage,by1935theskepticismofBlackworkerstowardunionswas____.

2.Inusingtheword“understandable”(Para.2),theauthormostclearlyconveys____.

3.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheresponseofporterstothePullmanCompany’sownunion?

4.ThepassagesuggeststhatifthegrievancesofportersinonepartoftheUnitedStateshadbeendifferentfromthoseofportersinanotherpartofthecountry,whichofthefollowingwouldhavebeenthecase?

5.ThepassagesuppliesinformationconcerningwhichofthefollowingmattersrelatedtoRandolph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unchangedexceptamongBlackemployeesofrailroad-relatedindustries

B.reinforcedbytheactionsofthePullmanCompany’sunion

C.mitigatedbytheeffortsofRandolph

D.weakenedbytheopeningupofmanyunionstoBlackworkers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sympathywithattemptsbytheBrotherhoodbetween1925and1935toestablishanindependentunion

B.concernthattheobstaclesfacedbyRandolphbetween1925and1935wereindeedformidable

C.ambivalenceaboutthesignificanceofunionstomostBlackworkersinthe1920s

D.appreciationoftheattitudeofmanyBlackworkersinthe1920stowardunions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fewporterseverjoinedthisunion.

B.Someporterssupportedthisunionbefore1935.

C.Porters,morethanotherPullmanemployees,enthusiasticallysupportedthisunion.

D.Theporters’responsewasmostpositiveafter1935.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultforthePullmanCompanytohavehadasinglelaborpolicy.

B.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtocontrolitschannelsofcommunication.

C.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtobuilditsmembership.

D.ItwouldhavebeeneasierforthePullmanCompany’suniontoattractmembership.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThestepshetooktoinitiatethefoundingoftheBrotherhood.

B.HismotivationforbringingtheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor.

C.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationoverturningracerestrictionsin1944.

D.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationtobarcompaniesfromfinancingtheirownunions.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,by1935theskepticismofBlackworkerstowardunionswas____.根據(jù)這篇文章，到1935年，黑人工人對(duì)工會(huì)的懷疑____。

A.unchangedexceptamongBlackemployeesofrailroad-relatedindustriesA.是不變的除了鐵路相關(guān)行業(yè)的黑人雇員外

B.reinforcedbytheactionsofthePullmanCompany’sunionB.是被普爾曼公司工會(huì)的行動(dòng)加強(qiáng)的

C.mitigatedbytheeffortsofRandolphC.是通過倫道夫的努力被減輕的

D.weakenedbytheopeningupofmanyunionstoBlackworkersD.是由于許多工會(huì)向黑人工人開放而被削弱的

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段最后“倫道夫在這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)中的努力幫助改變了黑人工人對(duì)工會(huì)和他們自己作為一個(gè)可識(shí)別群體的態(tài)度；最后，倫道夫幫助削弱了工會(huì)對(duì)黑人工人的敵對(duì)情緒（Randolphhelpedtoweakenorganizedlabor’santagonismtowardBlackworkers）。”這種敵對(duì)情緒的削弱可以推斷黑人對(duì)工會(huì)的懷疑態(tài)度被削弱。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“是不變的除了鐵路相關(guān)行業(yè)的黑人雇員外”，根據(jù)推斷可知，這種懷疑是被削弱了而不是不變的，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“是被普爾曼公司工會(huì)的行動(dòng)加強(qiáng)的”，根據(jù)推斷可知這種懷疑被削弱了而不是加強(qiáng)的，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“是由于許多工會(huì)向黑人工人開放而被削弱的”，文章并沒有說許多工會(huì)開放，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inusingtheword“understandable”(Para.2),theauthormostclearlyconveys____.

在使用“understandable”這個(gè)詞時(shí)（第2段），作者最清楚地表達(dá)了____。

A.sympathywithattemptsbytheBrotherhoodbetween1925and1935toestablishanindependentunionA.對(duì)兄弟會(huì)在1925年至1935年間建立獨(dú)立聯(lián)盟的企圖表示同情

B.concernthattheobstaclesfacedbyRandolphbetween1925and1935wereindeedformidableB.對(duì)倫道夫在1925年至1935年間所面臨的障礙確實(shí)是可怕的擔(dān)憂

C.ambivalenceaboutthesignificanceofunionstomostBlackworkersinthe1920sC.20世紀(jì)20年代大多數(shù)黑人工人對(duì)工會(huì)意義的矛盾心理

D.appreciationoftheattitudeofmanyBlackworkersinthe1920stowardunionsD.對(duì)20世紀(jì)20年代許多黑人工人對(duì)工會(huì)的態(tài)度的理解

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph2與題干信息詞mostprevioussurveys可定位到第二段“第一個(gè)原因是黑人工人對(duì)工會(huì)的懷疑態(tài)度，這是可以理解的（understandable），因?yàn)楣?huì)歷來禁止黑人工人加入工會(huì)?！币?yàn)楣?huì)禁止黑人加入，所以黑人對(duì)工會(huì)有懷疑態(tài)度，這是可以理解的。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)兄弟會(huì)在1925年至1935年間建立獨(dú)立聯(lián)盟的企圖表示同情”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)倫道夫在1925年至1935年間所面臨的障礙確實(shí)是可怕的擔(dān)憂”，文中可以理解的是理解黑人工人對(duì)工會(huì)的懷疑態(tài)度而非該選項(xiàng)所指的含義，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“20世紀(jì)20年代大多數(shù)黑人工人對(duì)工會(huì)意義的矛盾心理”，文中沒有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheresponseofporterstothePullmanCompany’sownunion?這篇文章暗示了搬運(yùn)工對(duì)普爾曼公司自己的工會(huì)的反應(yīng)是什么?

A.Fewporterseverjoinedthisunion.A.很少有搬運(yùn)工加入這個(gè)工會(huì)。

B.Someporterssupportedthisunionbefore1935.B.1935年之前，一些搬運(yùn)工支持這個(gè)聯(lián)盟。

C.Porters,morethanotherPullmanemployees,enthusiasticallysupportedthisunion.C.搬運(yùn)工比普爾曼的其他雇員更熱心地支持這個(gè)工會(huì)。

D.Theporters’responsewasmostpositiveafter1935.D.1935年后，搬運(yùn)工們的反應(yīng)最為積極。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“另一個(gè)障礙是普爾曼自己組建的工會(huì)，它削弱了黑人工人對(duì)獨(dú)立實(shí)體的支持（weakenedsupportamongBlackworkersforanindependententity）?！笨赏茢噙@里的independententity指的就是兄弟會(huì)。因此，在兄弟會(huì)正式代表porters之前，應(yīng)該是有一些人支持了普爾曼自己的工會(huì)。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“很少有搬運(yùn)工加入這個(gè)工會(huì)?！?，根據(jù)推斷可知有一些人加入了普爾曼的工會(huì)，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“搬運(yùn)工比普爾曼的其他雇員更熱心地支持這個(gè)工會(huì)?！保闹袥]有體現(xiàn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“1935年后，搬運(yùn)工們的反應(yīng)最為積極?！?，文章沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThepassagesuggeststhatifthegrievancesofportersinonepartoftheUnitedStateshadbeendifferentfromthoseofportersinanotherpartofthecountry,whichofthefollowingwouldhavebeenthecase?文章指出，如果美國(guó)一個(gè)地區(qū)的搬運(yùn)工的不滿與該國(guó)另一個(gè)地區(qū)的搬運(yùn)工的不滿不同，那么以下哪一種情況會(huì)是這種情況？

A.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultforthePullmanCompanytohavehadasinglelaborpolicy.A.對(duì)普爾曼公司來說，實(shí)行單一的勞工政策會(huì)更加困難。

B.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtocontrolitschannelsofcommunication.B.對(duì)兄弟會(huì)來說，控制其溝通渠道將會(huì)更加困難。

C.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtobuilditsmembership.C.對(duì)兄弟會(huì)來說，建立成員會(huì)更加困難。

D.ItwouldhavebeeneasierforthePullmanCompany’suniontoattractmembership.

D.普爾曼公司的工會(huì)本來可以更容易地吸引會(huì)員。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞與題干信息可定位到第三段“搬運(yùn)工是一個(gè)同質(zhì)的群體，為一個(gè)雇主工作，實(shí)行單一的勞工政策，因此在各個(gè)城市都有同樣的不滿（sharingthesamegrievancesfromcitytocity），這也加強(qiáng)了兄弟會(huì)，也鼓勵(lì)了種族認(rèn)同和團(tuán)結(jié)?！庇纱丝芍瑯拥牟粷M會(huì)加強(qiáng)兄弟會(huì)，由此可推斷不同的不滿會(huì)很難建立兄弟會(huì)。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)普爾曼公司來說，實(shí)行單一的勞工政策會(huì)更加困難?！保恼绿岬健鞍徇\(yùn)工是一個(gè)同質(zhì)的群體，為一個(gè)雇主工作，實(shí)行單一的勞工政策”并不是普爾曼公司，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)兄弟會(huì)來說，控制其溝通渠道將會(huì)更加困難?！?，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“普爾曼公司的工會(huì)本來可以更容易地吸引會(huì)員?！?，文中沒有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThepassagesuppliesinformationconcerningwhichofthefollowingmattersrelatedtoRandolph?這篇文章提供了下列哪一件事與倫道夫有關(guān)的信息?

A.ThestepshetooktoinitiatethefoundingoftheBrotherhood.A.他為建立兄弟會(huì)所采取的步驟。

B.HismotivationforbringingtheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor.

B.他將兄弟會(huì)納入美國(guó)勞工聯(lián)盟的動(dòng)機(jī)。