考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)珠海分?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)珠海分校考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Allthecreditcardorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmay_______at25percentayear,yetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-free-credit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeup

B.accountfor

C.addup

D.workout

【答案】B

【解析】comeup走近,發(fā)生,上升;accountfor（比例）占;addup合計(jì);workout解決,算出。句意：所有的信用卡機(jī)構(gòu)都按月收取利息,每年的利息可能占25%,但明智地使用信用卡購物意味著你可以獲得長達(dá)7周的無息信貸。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.單選題

ItisthehighhumiditythatmakesLondonwinterssochilly,（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.notthatitstemperaturesarebeinglow

B.notlownessoftemperatures

C.sincelowtemperaturesarenotaspresent

D.notthelowtemperatures

【答案】D

【解析】省略句的用法。根據(jù)句子前部分的結(jié)構(gòu)可知題目強(qiáng)調(diào)的是highhumidity,并且需填入的部分與thehighhumidity是并列成分，根據(jù)句意‘使倫敦的冬季如此之冷的是高濕度而不是低氣溫。’可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld~withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.―topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.

IntheAmericaofourownlime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines（science,technology,engineering,andmath）.ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China.Japanandotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.

Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials（資質(zhì)）formostnonacademiccareers.

UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished（貧困的）withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.

Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.

1.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould（）.

2.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarII?

3.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?

4.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?

5.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems

B.helpraisepeople’slivingstandards

C.quickenthepaceofindustrialization

D.promotethenation’ssocialprogress

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.

B.Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.

C.Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.

D.Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.

B.SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.

C.AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.

D.Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Insufficientfunding

B.Shortageofdevotedfaculty

C.Shrinkingenrollment

D.Dimprospectsforgraduates

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

B.Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.

C.Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.

D.Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem(科學(xué)與技術(shù)似乎幾乎為所有問題提供了解決方案)。由此可知，A項(xiàng)“解決幾乎所有存在的問題”正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。第一段指出:TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld(兩次世界大戰(zhàn)和一次大蕭條動搖了許多人的信心，他們曾認(rèn)為只有科學(xué)知識才能創(chuàng)造一個繁榮有序的世界)。以及:AfterWorldWarII,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy(第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，學(xué)術(shù)界對人文主義研究產(chǎn)生了新的熱情，這在許多學(xué)者看來是確保民主生存的最佳途徑)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)識到僅有科學(xué)和技術(shù)不能保證一個更好的世界”正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines(在這些基本學(xué)科方面，美國正落后于許多其他發(fā)達(dá)國家，這個擔(dān)憂是相當(dāng)合理的)。因此C項(xiàng)“美國在STEM學(xué)科上正落后”正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves(政府、基金會和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)本身為人文學(xué)科所提供的資金都嚴(yán)重不足)。因此A項(xiàng)“資金不足”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues(然而，也試著去想象我們的世界沒有定義我們文化和價(jià)值的引人注目的作品)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為人文主義研究重要是因?yàn)槿宋闹髁x思想幫助定義了我們的文化和價(jià)值觀。故選C。

4.單選題

Ⅻ.Sociology

Thispaperinvestigatesauniquefeatureofpost9/11developmentsinlaw:thetacitcircumventionofconstitutionalbalancing,anotherwisecorefeatureinjurisprudence,aswellasinlegislation,policymakingandlawenforcement.Balancingreferstotheprocessofweightinghowintrusivecertainmeansareincomparisontotheends—providedofcourse,thattheendsarelegitimate.Theconceptofproportionalityiscorollaryhere:inordertoassesstherelationshipbetweenthemeansemployedandtheaimssoughttoberealized,oneneedstoassesthreecriteria:effectiveness,necessity,andthedegreeharminflicted.However,incurrentpoliticaldebates,whenanti-terroristlawenforcementmeasuresareinvolved,thelongheldgoldenruleforpolicymakinghasbeenreplacedbyanother,substantiallyemptyrhetoric:theinherentlyfalsedichotomyofthe“l(fā)ibertyvs.security”-binary.Thepaperwillhavetheanti-terroristlawenforcementmeasuresinfocus,buttherhetoricissweeping:ithasbeenextendedto,copiedin,andmergedwithcrimecontrolmeasuresandimmigrationcontrolaswell.

TheuniquenessofthisNewWorldis,thus,twofold:First,newstandardshavebeensetup(requiredandaccepted)forgovernmentactivisminthesphereofcurtailingfreedomasanexchangeforsecurity.People(thepoliticalclass,theelectorate)appeartobewillingtoreformulatethetraditionalbalancebetweenlibertyandsecurity:alittlebitmoredocumentsandID-checks,longerlinesandmoreflexiblesearch-warrantsseemanacceptabletaxleviedinreturnformorestringentdemandsforgovernment-providedsecurity.Forexample,oncebeingconvincedthatweactuallyneedtobesearchedandsurveilledforaviationsafety,forafasterprocess,wearewillingtogivingupsomeofourprivacyandenterafullbodyscanner.Itseemstobethecasethatthereisabroadconsensusonthefactthattraditionalpolicingprinciplesor,forthatmatter,thelawoftheGenevaConventionshavebecomeunsuitedforhandlingthepeculiarwarfareputonbysuicidebombersandterroristorganizations.Justabouteverywhereintheworld,thewaragainstterrorismhashadtheeffectofwideningthecontrolfunctionsofthenationalsecurityandimmigrationservices,aswellasofotherlawenforcementauthorities.Theexpandedmeasuresandproceduresthusintroducedwereoftenonesthatlegislatorsandlawenforcementofficialsotherwiseonlyhaddreamedofattaining,butthistimearound,theycouldtakeadvantageofchangesinthepublicsentimentduetosociety’sshockoverthetragiceventsandfearspreadingintheirwake.

1.TheconstitutionalbalancingisacorefeatureintheflowingBUT___.

2.Whatisthegoldenruleforpolicymakingaccordingtotheauthor?

3.Peopleappeartobewillingtoacceptthefollowinginreturnformoresecurity,EXCEPT___.

4.WhatisNOTacauseforintroductionofmeasuresthatlegislatorsandlawenforcementofficialsotherwiseonlyhaddreamedofattaining,accordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lawenforcement

B.policymaking

C.jurisdiction

D.legislation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Assesstherelationshipbetweenthemeansemployedandtheaimssoughttoberealized.

B.Effectiveness,necessity,andthedegreeharminflicted.

C.Libertyvs.security.

D.Constitutionalbalancing.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.moredocumentsandID-checks

B.longerlines

C.moreflexiblesearch-warrants

D.acceptabletax

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Changesinthepublicsentimentduetosociety’sshock.

B.Peoplearewillingtogivingupsomeoftheirprivacy.

C.Thetragiceventsandfearspreading.

D.Abroadconsensusonthefactthattraditionalpolicingprincipleshavebecomeunsuited.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“constitutionalbalancing”定位到原文第一段第一句Thispaperinvestigatesauniquefeatureofpost9/11developmentsinlaw:thetacitcircumventionofconstitutionalbalancing,anotherwisecorefeatureinjurisprudence,aswellasinlegislation,policymakingandlawenforcement.（本文探討了“9.11”事件后法律發(fā)展的一個獨(dú)特特征：對憲法平衡的默認(rèn)規(guī)避，這是法理學(xué)以及立法、決策和執(zhí)法的一個核心特征）可知A選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)法”，B選項(xiàng)“決策”，D選項(xiàng)“立法”和原文相符，C選項(xiàng)“管轄”未涉及。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Theconceptofproportionalityiscorollaryhere:inordertoassesstherelationshipbetweenthemeansemployedandtheaimssoughttoberealized,oneneedstoassesthreecriteria:effectiveness,necessity,andthedegreeharminflicted.However,incurrentpoliticaldebates,whenanti-terroristlawenforcementmeasuresareinvolved,thelongheldgoldenruleforpolicymakinghasbeenreplacedbyanother,substantiallyemptyrhetoric:theinherentlyfalsedichotomyofthe“l(fā)ibertyvs.security”-binary.（相稱性的概念在這里是必然的：為了評估所使用的手段和尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系，需要評估三個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：有效性、必要性和造成的傷害程度。然而，在當(dāng)前的政治辯論中，當(dāng)涉及到反恐執(zhí)法措施時，長期以來被奉為制定政策的黃金法則已經(jīng)被另一個實(shí)質(zhì)上空洞的辭令所取代：固有的錯誤的“自由與安全”二元對立）推斷出黃金法則就是前面提到的相稱性的概念，可知選A選項(xiàng)“評估所使用的手段與尋求實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系”，B選項(xiàng)“有效性、必要性和造成損害的程度”的目的是為了A選項(xiàng)，不符合題意，C選項(xiàng)“自由與安全”錯誤，和原文相悖；第一段第一句Thispaperinvestigatesauniquefeatureofpost9/11developmentsinlaw:thetacitcircumventionofconstitutionalbalancing,anotherwisecorefeatureinjurisprudence,aswellasinlegislation,policymakingandlawenforcement.（本文探討了9/11后法律發(fā)展的一個獨(dú)特特征：對憲法平衡的隱性規(guī)避，這是法學(xué)以及立法、政策制定和執(zhí)法的一個核心特征）可知D選項(xiàng)“憲法平衡”是政策制定的核心特征而不是黃金法則。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段People(thepoliticalclass,theelectorate)appeartobewillingtoreformulatethetraditionalbalancebetweenlibertyandsecurity:alittlebitmoredocumentsandID-checks,longerlinesandmoreflexiblesearch-warrantsseemanacceptabletaxleviedinreturnformorestringentdemandsforgovernment-providedsecurity.（人們（政治階層，選民）似乎愿意重新制定自由和安全之間的傳統(tǒng)平衡：多點(diǎn)證件和身份檢查，更長的隊(duì)伍和更靈活的搜查令似乎是可以接受的稅收，作為對政府提供的更嚴(yán)格的安全要求的回報(bào)）可知A選項(xiàng)“更多的文件和身份檢查”，B選項(xiàng)“更長的隊(duì)伍”和C選項(xiàng)“更靈活的搜查令”和原文一致；D選項(xiàng)“可接受的稅”是指人們把ABC三項(xiàng)作為和政府交換的內(nèi)容，而D選項(xiàng)本身不是交換的內(nèi)容。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到最后一段Itseemstobethecasethatthereisabroadconsensusonthefactthattraditionalpolicingprinciplesor,forthatmatter,thelawoftheGenevaConventionshavebecomeunsuitedforhandlingthepeculiarwarfareputonbysuicidebombersandterroristorganizations...Theexpandedmeasuresandproceduresthusintroducedwereoftenonesthatlegislatorsandlawenforcementofficialsotherwiseonlyhaddreamedofattaining,butthistimearound,theycouldtakeadvantageofchangesinthepublicsentimentduetosociety’sshockoverthetragiceventsandfearspreadingintheirwake.（似乎是這樣，人們普遍認(rèn)為，傳統(tǒng)的警務(wù)原則或日內(nèi)瓦公約的法律已不適合處理自殺式炸彈襲擊者和恐怖組織所發(fā)動的特殊戰(zhàn)爭……因此所采取的擴(kuò)大措施和程序往往是立法者和執(zhí)法官員原本只夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)的措施和程序，但這次，由于社會對悲慘事件的震驚和隨之而來的恐懼蔓延，他們可以利用公眾情緒的變化）可知A選項(xiàng)“公眾情緒的變化由于社會的沖擊”，C選項(xiàng)“悲劇事件和恐懼蔓延”和D選項(xiàng)“于傳統(tǒng)的警務(wù)原則已經(jīng)變得不適合的事實(shí)的廣泛共識”和原文一致；最后一段Forexample,oncebeingconvincedthatweactuallyneedtobesearchedandsurveilledforaviationsafety,forafasterprocess,wearewillingtogivingupsomeofourprivacyandenterafullbodyscanner.（例如，一旦我們確信，為了航空安全，為了更快的過程，我們確實(shí)需要被搜索和監(jiān)視，我們愿意放棄一些隱私，進(jìn)入全身掃描儀）可知B選項(xiàng)“人們愿意放棄一些他們的隱私”屬于人們愿意舍棄一些東西來求得政府更好的保護(hù)的例子，不屬于實(shí)行立法人員和執(zhí)法官員在其他情況下只是夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)的措施的原因。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Iwasnotsurprisedatallhearinghimshoutingatthemeeting,theoutburstwas（）ofhisbadtemper.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expository

B.explanatory

C.illustrative

D.revealing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expository“說明的；解釋的；評注的”；B選項(xiàng)explanatory“解釋的；說明的”；C選項(xiàng)illustrative“說明的；作例證的；解說的”；D選項(xiàng)revealing“透露真情的；有啟迪作用的；坦胸露肩的”。句意：聽到他在會上大喊大叫，我一點(diǎn)也不驚訝，他的爆發(fā)……他的壞脾氣。此處在于指出他大喊大叫與他的壞脾氣之間的關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)過于正式，B選項(xiàng)用來說明原因，而大喊大叫與壞脾氣之間是“表現(xiàn)與被表現(xiàn)”的例證關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Tomhadbeencompletelyexhaustedbutfeltgreatly（

）afteramealandarest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.renewed

B.refrained

C.resumed

D.efreshed

【答案】D

【解析】renew更新，復(fù)興，重新開始；refrain節(jié)制，克制；resume重新開始，繼續(xù)；refresh恢復(fù)精神。句意：湯姆本來已經(jīng)筋疲力盡了，但吃過飯休息一會兒以后，他又恢復(fù)了精神。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere（

）bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.damaged

B.alerted

C.offended

D.discouraged

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析題。damage損害；alert警惕；offend冒犯；discourage阻止，使氣餒。

句意：調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，80%的觀眾會被電影中的暴力鏡頭所觸怒。beoffendedby意為“被...觸怒”，選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

5.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theblouseisabargain.

B.Theblouseistooexpensive.

C.Theblouseiscolorful.

D.Theblouseissofashionable.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Theblousecostmelike8000yuan.

M:That'ssucharipoff.

W:Ireallylikeit,thecolor,thedesign.

M:Fashionreallykillswomen.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】推斷題。男士說：Fashionreallykillswomen，由此推測他認(rèn)為這件上衣貴了。

9.寫作題

Supposeyouwilltakepartinaclassdebatenextweek,andyouaregiventhedebatequestion"Whichistoppriority,toeliminateinequalityorpovertyinourcountry?"

Writeaspeechforthedebateandclarifyyourownviewpointtowardswhateveryourpositionwillbe(justoneposition).Butbesurethatyourargumentwillbesupportedwithampleexamplesorevidence.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyourspeech.

Thelengthofyourspeechisexpectedtobebetween250and300words.WriteyourspeechontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

10.填空題

ThelanguagesofAboriginalAustraliansconstituteanotherunrelatedgroup,anditis________whetherallAustralianlanguagesformasinglefamily.(debate)

【答案】debatable

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞is，可知橫線所在內(nèi)容為表語，應(yīng)該為形容詞，debatable“有爭議的”符合語境，指的是是否所有的澳大利亞語言都是一個語系這件事存在爭議。

【句意】澳大利亞土著居民的語言構(gòu)成了另一個不相關(guān)的群體，是否所有的澳大利亞語言都是一個語系，這是有爭議的。

11.單選題

Theyogainstructorexplainedthatdeep,diaphragmaticbreathingispalpablewhenoneplacesherhandonherabdomen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tangible

B.dappled

C.pedantic

D.variable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。題干palpable“易于察覺的；可意識到的”。A項(xiàng)“有形的；可感知的”，B項(xiàng)“有斑點(diǎn)的；花斑的”，C項(xiàng)“迂腐的”，D項(xiàng)“多變的；易變的”。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)詞義，選A。句意：瑜伽教練解釋說，當(dāng)一個人把手放在腹部時，可以感覺到腹式深呼吸。

12.單選題

Sincethen,____relationsbetweenthetwonationshavebeencharacterizedbyenvy,suspicion,resentmentandhate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unanimous

B.bilateral

C.accidental

D.vacant

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)unanimous“意見一致的；無異議的”；B選項(xiàng)bilateral“雙邊的”；C選項(xiàng)accidental“偶然的；附屬的”；D選項(xiàng)vacant“空的；空缺的”。句意：從那時起，兩國之間的____關(guān)系就充滿了嫉妒、猜疑、怨恨和仇恨。此處就是指兩國之間的關(guān)系，bilateralrelations“雙邊關(guān)系”，B選項(xiàng)最符合句意。其他選項(xiàng)都沒有依據(jù)，因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為B。

13.單選題

Hefelt______ofwhathehaddoneinschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shy

B.ash

C.advisable

D.ashamed

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)shy“害羞的；易受驚的；對（做）……心懷顧忌”；B選項(xiàng)ash“灰燼”；C選項(xiàng)advisable“明智的，可取的”；D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”。句意：他為自己在學(xué)校里的所作所為感到______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是對他做過的事的態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)ashamed“感到羞恥的；慚愧的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Ifit（）toomuchtrouble,I’dloveacupofcoffee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadn’tbeen

B.isn’t

C.weren’t

D.maynotbe

【答案】B

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：如果不是很麻煩，我想要來杯咖啡。本題的would是一種委婉、禮貌的語氣，表示請求，所以if從句是一個真實(shí)條件句，不是虛擬語氣，直接用一般現(xiàn)在時，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmyhelpingettingfoodorshelter,inprovidingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplant,forexample,dependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptation,commontomostplants.Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.

Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

1.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay（

）.

2.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“environments”couldbestbereplacedby（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?

5.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded

B.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditions

C.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind

D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.contexts

B.surroundings

C.neighbors

D.enemies

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tofrighteneditsenemies

B.toattractitsenemies

C.toadjustitsbodyheat

D.tomatchitsenvironment

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Alivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofitsown.

B.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemyisnear.

C.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganicchemicals.

D.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段第一句話“Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanotheroftheirkind.某些動植物發(fā)展出來一些特征，幫助它們比其他同類更好的適應(yīng)環(huán)境。”可以推斷出本題正確答案選C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。選項(xiàng)A“環(huán)境；上下文語境”；選項(xiàng)B“環(huán)境；周圍的事物”；選項(xiàng)C“鄰居”；選項(xiàng)D“敵人”。單詞所在的句子是第一段第一句和最后一句。根據(jù)上題的分析，environments應(yīng)該指的是周圍的事物所形成的環(huán)境。故正確答案選B。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話“Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.鹿的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是因?yàn)橐谌氕h(huán)境?！边@句話是對本段第一句主旨句的舉例論證，由此推斷，動物的皮毛顏色發(fā)生變化是為了融入環(huán)境和適應(yīng)環(huán)境。選項(xiàng)D更符合文章意思。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。定位到文章第三段前面兩句話“Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructure,function,andgenetics…有機(jī)體有許多適應(yīng)方式，它們也許在結(jié)構(gòu)上，功能上和遺傳方面適應(yīng)……”由這句話可知選項(xiàng)A、B和C都是動物改變自我適應(yīng)環(huán)境的方式。選項(xiàng)D在文章中沒有提到。故正確答案選D。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.有機(jī)體可以創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境，就像恒溫的哺乳動物一樣，盡管天氣變化，它們也能調(diào)節(jié)自己的體溫?！庇纱丝芍髡咭煤銣夭溉閯游锉３煮w溫的行為是為了說明它們能夠創(chuàng)造自身的環(huán)境。故正確答案選A。

16.單選題

Thepoliticaldissidentsdecidedtotake（）abroad.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.escape

B.refuge

C.life

D.hiding

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。escape逃脫；refuge避難；life生活；hiding躲藏，隱匿。句意：持不同政見者決定去國外。takerefuge為固定搭配，意為“避難，（以掩飾等手段）逃脫困境”，因此正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Allthepublicfacilitiesrequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythan,（

）throughtaxesalone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.raised

B.israised

C.toraise

D.raising

【答案】B

【解析】從句中的省略。分析句子意思‘如果我們想要所有的公共設(shè)施更好地我們服務(wù)，就需要不斷投入新的設(shè)備和進(jìn)行改善，所以單獨(dú)由稅收所籌集的錢是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的’和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，如果將此處還原成完整的句子應(yīng)為requiringmoremoneythanitisraisedthroughtaxedalone,從句中省略了主語it，B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious（31）tohowtheycanbebest（32）suchchanges.

Growingbodiesneedmovementand（33）,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.（34）theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyselfconsciousandneedthe（35）thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare（36）byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe（37）toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,（38）publishingnewsletterswithmanystudentwrittenbookreviews,（39）studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide（40）opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful（41）dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe（42）ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult（43）visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave（44）attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（45）participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto（46）elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants（47）.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.（48）theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby（49）forrolesthatarewithintheir（50）andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.idea

C.opinion

D.advice

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.strengthen

B.accommodate

C.stimulate

D.enhance

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.care

B.nutrition

C.exercise

D.leisure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.If

B.Although

C.Whereas

D.Because

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.assistance

B.guidance

C.confidence

D.tolerance

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.claimed

B.admired

C.ignored

D.surpassed

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.improper

B.risky

C.fair

D.wise

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.ineffect

B.asaresult

C.forexample

D.inasense

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.displaying

B.describing

C.creating

D.exchanging

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.durable

B.excessive

C.surplus

D.multiple

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.group

B.individual

C.personnel

D.corporation

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.consent

B.insurance

C.admission

D.security

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.particularly

B.barely

C.definitely

D.rarely

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.long

C.different

D.short

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.ifonly

B.nowthat

C.sothat

D.evenif

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.everything

B.anything

C.nothing

D.something

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.down

C.out

D.alone

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.Onthecontrary

B.Ontheaverage

C.Onthewhole

D.Ontheotherhand

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.making

B.standing

C.planning

D.taking

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.capabilities

B.responsibilities

C.proficiency

D.efficiency

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:A

【解析】第1題:固定搭配題。idea“主意”；opinion“觀點(diǎn)”；advice“勸告”都是和介詞onsth.搭配，表示關(guān)于某事，特別adviceto后邊一般是接“人”；所以只有thought與tosth.搭配，表示“考慮某事”。

第2題:動詞辨析題。本題所考查的動詞的賓語是suchchanges，本文的基本主線是探討青少年應(yīng)對變化的問題，從下文中的短語areadjustingto“調(diào)節(jié)，使適應(yīng)”就可以斷定本題也是選擇一個表示適應(yīng)概念的選項(xiàng)，所以accommodate“適應(yīng)”是正確答案。strengthen“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”；stimulate“刺激，激勵”和enhance“提高”都不符合。

第3題:名詞辨析題。根據(jù)語境可知此處應(yīng)該選擇一個名詞與movement“運(yùn)動”對應(yīng)，與competition“競爭”意義相反，根據(jù)后文adjustingtotheirnewbodies“適應(yīng)他們新的身體”，可知此處著重強(qiáng)調(diào)身體鍛煉，care“關(guān)心”；nutrition“營養(yǎng)”；exercise“運(yùn)動”；leisure“休閑”，故正確答案為exercise。

第4題:邏輯關(guān)系題。通過分析上下句的邏輯關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是個表示因果關(guān)系的主從復(fù)合句，所以用Because引導(dǎo)因果狀語從句；If引導(dǎo)條件句；Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；Whereas引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)折句。

第5題:同形詞辨析題。根據(jù)前一句中的self-conscious“自我意識”，以及本題后邊的定語從句thatcomesfromachievingsuccess“成功”andknowingthattheiraccomplishments“成就”，通過這幾個重點(diǎn)詞匯，我們不難判斷出答案是confidence“信心”；而assistance“幫助；協(xié)助”；guidance“指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”和tolerance“容忍；寬容”和這些已知信息所表達(dá)的概念不搭配。

第6題:動詞辨析題。主語theiraccomplishments“成就”應(yīng)當(dāng)是被admired“贊美，羨慕”；而其他選項(xiàng)claimed“要求；聲明”；ignored“忽略；忽視”和surpassed“超越；勝過”與主語構(gòu)不成搭配。

第7題:形容詞辨析題。improper“不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?；risky“冒險(xiǎn)的”；fair“公平的”；wise“明智的”，根據(jù)前面所提到的青少年需要自信，所以此處“設(shè)計(jì)勝者多，敗者少的活動”不可置否的是“明智的”行為，所以正確答案為wise。

第8題:詞組辨析題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，前面所說到要設(shè)計(jì)勝者多敗者少的活動，后文中就列舉了很多不同的活動，可知此處應(yīng)該選擇forexample“比如；例如”表示舉例，ineffect“正在實(shí)行；實(shí)際上”；asaresult“結(jié)果”和inasense“在某一方面；就某種意義上來說”意義都不符合本題題意。

第9題:動詞辨析題。根據(jù)此句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處應(yīng)該選擇一個與publishing“出版”；

sponsoring“贊助”所表示的動作相一致的詞，displaying“展示；展覽”；describing“描述；描寫”；creating“創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作”和exchanging“交換”四個詞中只有displaying最恰當(dāng)，與artwork搭配，表示“展示藝術(shù)品”。

第10題:形容詞辨析題。根據(jù)本題的題意和搭配，multiple“多種多樣的”的意思最合適；即providemultipleopportunitiesforleadership“為鍛煉領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能提供很多機(jī)會”。而durable“持久的；耐久的”和surplus“過剩的，剩余的”與題意無關(guān)；excessive“過多的；過分的”含有負(fù)面意義，不能使用。

第11題:名詞辨析題。本題所在句子的主語Avarietyofsmallclubs“各種各樣的小型俱樂部活動”；下一句的Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers“交朋友對青少年來說是極其重要的”，這些信息強(qiáng)調(diào)青少年需要參加“集體活動”，因此，符合這個概念的只有g(shù)roup表示“團(tuán)隊(duì)；小組”活動；而選項(xiàng)individual“個人的，單獨(dú)的”與文章想表達(dá)的意思相反；其他兩個選項(xiàng)personnel“人員；職員”和corporation“公司”與題意無關(guān)。

第12題:名詞辨析題。根據(jù)Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers“交朋友對青少年來說是極其重要的”，而這些害羞的學(xué)生當(dāng)然也需要交朋友，那他們害羞的特點(diǎn)也就決定了他們需要security“安全