考研考博-英語-北京網(wǎng)絡(luò)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京網(wǎng)絡(luò)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer"inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Wherecircumstancespermitthebuyernochoicebecausethereiseffectivelyonlyonesellerandtheproductisrelativelyessential,governmentusuallyassertsmonopolyandplacestheindustryunderpriceandotherregulations.Neitheroftheseconditionsprevailsinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician一andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday,”whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhentheailmentisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyesofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”.Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter'*inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants—thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebonafidebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital;andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisfortheseillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto（）.

5.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

B.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

C.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare

D.speculateabouttherelationshipbetweenapatient'sabilitytopayandthetreatmentreceived

問題2選項

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofapatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient’shealth

D.hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

問題3選項

A.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

B.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

C.takingadvantageofthepatient'sconcernforhishealth

D.warningthepatientthat.ahospitalstaymightbenecessary

問題4選項

A.aproposaltocontrolmedicalcosts

B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

C.ananalysisofthecausesofinflationintheUnitedStates

D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice

問題5選項

A.cautious

B.defiant

C.inquisitive

D.analytical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.A項意為“為了敦促醫(yī)院收回他們的決策權(quán)力”；B項意為“批判醫(yī)生太多控制病人”；C項意為“為了分析在健康醫(yī)療中的一些重要的經(jīng)濟因素”；D項意為“猜測病人支付的能力和接受的治療之間的關(guān)系”。文章從第一段開始引入經(jīng)濟關(guān)系中的“提供者”與“消費者”之間的關(guān)系，然后引出醫(yī)療健康中的醫(yī)患關(guān)系，到后面講述醫(yī)生在醫(yī)院的經(jīng)濟中擁有絕對的‘權(quán)利’；所以文章是分析了economicrelationship即醫(yī)患關(guān)系中的經(jīng)濟因素，選項C符合題意。

2.由第二段中itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesdav，’’whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.通常是由醫(yī)生來決定病人什么時候來復(fù)診、是否需要照X光以及需要哪種藥，而病人是無法也不會去質(zhì)疑醫(yī)生的決定的；再由第三段最后Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.因此，在醫(yī)院的政策和決策中，醫(yī)務(wù)人員代表的是“權(quán)力中心”，而不是行政部門。確定A選項正確。

3.A選項意為：建議病人尋找第二意見；B選項意為：指導(dǎo)病人買更多的醫(yī)療服務(wù)；C選項意為：利用病人對自己健康的關(guān)心；D選項意為：警告病人住院時很有必要的。文章從一開始在分析醫(yī)患關(guān)系，提到醫(yī)生和病人之間的關(guān)系就是經(jīng)濟中的生產(chǎn)者與消費者之間的關(guān)系的一個縮影，醫(yī)生在醫(yī)患關(guān)系中占主導(dǎo)地位，而醫(yī)生對于醫(yī)院的經(jīng)濟起到重要的作用，因此作者更傾向醫(yī)生這么做是為了讓病人花費更多的錢來達(dá)到自己的經(jīng)濟利益，故應(yīng)選B項更符合作者的看法；此處C項是一個干擾項，不可否認(rèn)醫(yī)生也是為了病人的健康考慮所以會安排復(fù)診，但是作者在本文中更多的是揭露醫(yī)患之間的經(jīng)濟關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選B。

4.題目的意思是：根據(jù)作者的說法，當(dāng)醫(yī)生告訴病人“下周三再來”時，醫(yī)生實際是說……A項意為“控制醫(yī)療成本的一項提議”；B項意為“對一種新的醫(yī)學(xué)治療的一次討論”C項意為“對美國通貨膨脹原因的分析”；D項意為“針對醫(yī)生的玩忽職守訴訟的研究”。文章主要是以醫(yī)患關(guān)系中醫(yī)生作為主導(dǎo)這一論點開展的，在文章的最后也提到Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.70-80%的醫(yī)療開支都是由醫(yī)務(wù)人員決定的，而不是病人。正因為這個原因，針對病人或者大眾的經(jīng)濟措施是相對無效的。所以A選項“控制醫(yī)療成本的一項提議”正確。

5.A選項“謹(jǐn)慎的”；B選項“蔑視的"；C選項“好奇的”；D選項“分析的”。作者一開始闡述了經(jīng)濟關(guān)系中的兩大主體生產(chǎn)者和消費者，然后進(jìn)一步提到了醫(yī)患關(guān)系是這一經(jīng)濟關(guān)系的縮影，從而揭露出醫(yī)生在醫(yī)療經(jīng)濟中占有絕對的主導(dǎo)地位，最后再給予建議，因此這篇文章主要是針對社會現(xiàn)象的本質(zhì)的分析性文章，D選項正確。

2.單選題

Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedtobenefitthepeople______harmthem.

問題1選項

A.morethan

B.otherthan

C.ratherthan

D.muchthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項morethan“多于”，B項otherthan“除了，不同于”，C項ratherthan“而不是”，D項muchthan“比……多”。根據(jù)空格前后的benefitthepeople（造福于人）和harmthem（傷害他們）可知，前后是對比關(guān)系，填入ratherthan符合。句意：發(fā)展核科學(xué)應(yīng)該造福人民，而不是危害人民。因此，該題選擇C項。

3.單選題

Oursisasocietythattriestokeeptheworldsharplydividedintomasculineandfeminine,notbecausethatisthewaytheworldis,butbecausethatisthewaywebelieveitshouldbe.Ittakesunwaveringbeliefandconsiderableefforttokeepthisdivision.Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage.

Becausewethinkthatlanguagealsoshouldbedividedintomasculineandfemininewehavebecomeveryskilledatignoringanythingthatwillnotfitourpreconceptions.Wewouldratherchangewhatwehearthanchangeourideasaboutthegenderdivisionoftheworld.Wewillcallassertivegirlsunfeminine,andsupportiveboyseffeminate,andtrytochangethemwhilestillretainingourstereotypesofmasculineandfemininetalk.

Thisiswhysomeresearchonsexdifferencesandlanguagehasbeensointeresting.Itisanillustrationofhowwrongwecanbe.Ofthemanyinvestigatorswhosetouttofindthestereotypedsexdifferencesinlanguage,fewhavehadanypositiveresults.Itdeemsthatourimagesofserioustaciturn（沉默的）malespeakersandgossipygarrulous（饒舌的）femalespeakersarejustthat:images.

Manymythsassociatedwithmasculineandfemininetalkhavehadtobediscardedasmorehasbeenundertaken.Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkingind-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound.

Noneofthesecharacteristicsoffemalespeechhavebeenfound.Andevenwhensexdifferenceshavebeenfound,thequestionarisesastowhetherthedifferenceisintheeye-orear-ofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage.

Pitchprovidesoneexample.Webelievethatmalesweremeanttotalkinlowpitchedvoiceswhilefemalesinhighpitchedvoices.Wealsobelievethatlowpitchismoredesirable.Well,ithasbeenfoundthatthisdifferencecannotbeexplainedbyanatomy.

Ifmalesdonotspeakinhighpitchedvoices,itisnotusuallybecausetheyareunabletodoismorelikelytobethattherearepenalties.Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesaretheobjectofridicule.Butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepassageimpliesthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsthedivisionoffemininetalkand

masculinetalkis（

）.

2.Whatdoestheword“effeminate”(Para2)mean?

3.Theauthorusespitchasanexampleinordertoindicate（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothestereotypeoffemininetalk?

5.Malesdonotspeakloudlybecause（

）.

問題1選項

A.assertive

B.snobbish

C.approving

D.critical

問題2選項

A.Unfeminine

B.Powerful

C.Obedient

D.Unmasculine

問題3選項

A.thatpitchisnotagoodexampletoexplainthesexdifferenceinlanguage

B.thatmalesshouldtalkinlowpitchedvoicesandfemalesinhighpitchedvoices

C.thatsexdifferencesinlanguagecannotbewellillustrated

D.thatsexdifferencesliesineyeofearofthebeholder,ratherthaninthelanguage

問題4選項

A.Alwaysusingtrivialwords

B.Repeatthesamethingoverandover

C.Stoptalkingwhenthesentenceisnotfinished

D.Noneoftheabove

問題5選項

A.malesareunabletodoso

B.malesareafraidofbeinglaughedat

C.highpitchisacharacteristicoffemalespeechratherthanmalespeech

D.anatomyhasprovedthatmalestendtohavelowerpitchesthanfemales

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句話Italsoleadsustomakesomefairlyfoolishjudgments,particularlyaboutlanguage，作者認(rèn)為男性化與女性化的區(qū)分會導(dǎo)致我們做一些愚蠢的判斷，所以可知作者對這種男性化談話與女性化談話的區(qū)分是持批判態(tài)度的。選項D符合題意。

2.題干中的effeminate意思是“柔弱的；沒有男子漢氣概的”，四個選項中選項D符合題意。unfeminine“不溫柔的”；powerful“有力量的”；obedient“順從的”。

3.文章最后一段最后一句話butpitchisnotanabsolute,forwhatisconsideredtherightpitchformalesvariesfromcountrytocountry提到每個國家男性的音調(diào)都是不同的，因此音調(diào)并不能用來判斷性別之間的語言區(qū)別。選項C符合題意。

4.文章第四段Iffemalesdousemoretrivialwordsthanmales,stoptalkingind-sentence,ortalkaboutthesamethingsoverandoveragain,theydonotdoitwheninvestigatorsarearound提到了女性的一些行為，由此可知選項A、B、C都屬于人們對女性的刻板印象，因此選項D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句話Maleswithhighpitchedvoicesaretheobjectofridicule提到如果男性用高音調(diào)說話會成為人家的笑柄，所以選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Weneedtomakesurethatwe（）ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.

問題1選項

A.use

B.exploit

C.employ

D.explore

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞詞義辨析。use“使用”；exploit“開發(fā)，開拓”；employ“雇用”；explore“探索，探測”。句意：我們需要確保盡可能全面開發(fā)我們的資源。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Idon’tunderstandwhatyou’regettingsoabout.It’sreallynotaproblem.

問題1選項

A.workedout

B.workedup

C.workedover

D.workedagainst

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。workout“算出；解決”；workedup“激動的；生氣的”；workover“研究；檢查”；workagainst“違背；對……不利”。句意：我不明白你為什么這么激動。這真的不是問題。選項B符合題意。

6.翻譯題

Nowzoomforwardtoourpresenttimeandthinkofourpre-Internetcommunicationsystemsassortsofprotozoa(原生動物).Whatwe’rewitnessingtodayintherealmofcyberspace—theonlinereformulationofeverythingfromthewayweplayandlearntohowweshopandtradestocksmayrepresentnolessaworldtransformingchangethanthespectacularburstofcreationsolongago.

Onenotabledifference:theprimevalorganismsdidnothaveaguidebooktoinformthemaboutwhattoexpectandhowtodealwithsomeofthefabulousthingstocome.Wedo,intherecentlyreleasedNewRulesfortheNewEconomybyKevinKelly,afoundingeditorofWiredmagazine.

“Thekeypremiseofthisbookisthattheprinciplesgoverningtheworldofthesoft—theworldofintangibles,ofmedia,ofsoftware,andofservices—willsooncommandtheworldofthehard—theworldofreality,ofatoms,ofobjects,ofsteelandoil,andthehardworkdonebythesweatofbrows.”Kellywrites.“Drivingthiseconomictransformationisthecombinationofshrinkingcomputersandexpandingcommunications,”hesays,“Wehaveseenonlythebeginningsoftheanxiety,loss,excitement,andgainsthatmanypeoplewillexperienceasourworldshiftstoanewhighlytechnicalplanetaryeconomy.”Doesthatsoundliketechnohype?

It’sbarelyatasteoftheradicalandoftencounterintuitive“rules”thatKellydishesout.Heemploysanaphoristic(格言的)and,well,wiredstylethatwilleasilyappealtogeeksandshouldalsoturnonanymainstreamreaderswhoarealittlemorethancuriousaboutwherethedigitallyrenderedworldisheaded.

Whereit’slikelyheaded,inKelly’swords,is“upsidedown”.Chew,forexample,ontheideathat“thesurestwaytosmartnessisthroughmassivedumbness”.Whatthatmeansinessenceisthattinycomputerchips,thoughrelatively“dumb”ontheirown,canbeaddedtobillionsofmundaneobjectsand,thereby,yieldsubstantialeconomicbenefits.Suchasrealtimebuyingpatternsoneverythingfromshirtstosodacans.Intheconventionalworldofsupplyanddemandwhereweallgrewup,valuecamefromscarcity.Asin,diamonds,goldandoil.Inaworldofdigitalimperatives,asKellycorrectlypointsout,“powercomesfromabundance.”ThatwasaprinciplethatAppletragicallyfailedtounderstandwhenitbackedofffromlicensingitsgraphiccomputerinterface,assuringthatitsmarketsharewouldbesavagedbyMicrosoft’smoreopenWindowsoperatingsystem,whichleadsustoanotherofKelly’shardwiredlaws:followthefree.Intheuniverseofatoms,asaresourceisconsumeditbecomesmoreexpensivetoproduce.Asgoldismined,nuggets(天然金塊)atfirstmaybeeasy,andthereforecheap,tofind.Butwhenparticlesoforemustbesqueezedoutoftonsofrock,thepriceofgoldbecomesmoredear.

ButinwhatKellyterms“theneworder”,thelawofplentitudekicksin,leadingasavvycompanysuchasNetscapetodistributeitsWebbrowserforfreeinordertosellauxiliaryservicesorproducts.Similarly,expensivecellphonesareofferedasfreebies(免費的東西)togaincontractsforphoneservices.

Finally,Kellytellsustolookaroundandseehowmuchtheworldhasalreadychangedunderourveryfeet.AnAmericanfarmertoday,forinstance,maystillgetsomedirtunderhisfingernails,butmuchofhislaborisperformedundertheumbrellaoftheelectronicnetwork.ThecabinhistractorhasawirelessphoneandasatellitelinkedGPSlocationdevice;hishomecomputerisconnectedtoaneverendingstreamofweatherdata,grainmarketreportsandmoisturedetectorsinthesoil.NewRulesfortheNewEconomysuggeststhatwemightevenlearnsomethingfromthosepluckylifeformsthatexplodedonthesceneahalfbillionyearsago.“Thequalitiesneededtosucceedinthenetworkeconomycanbereducedtothis:afacilityforchargingintotheunknown.”

【答案】【參考譯文】

現(xiàn)在，放大到我們現(xiàn)在的時代，把我們的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)前通訊系統(tǒng)想象成原生動物。我們今天在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間所看到的——一切都在網(wǎng)上重新制定，從我們玩和學(xué)的方式到我們?nèi)绾钨徺I和交易股票——可能代表著一個轉(zhuǎn)型世界的變化不亞于很久以前壯觀的創(chuàng)造爆發(fā)。

一個值得注意的不同之處是：原始生物沒有一本指南來告訴它們該期待什么，以及如何應(yīng)對即將到來的一些美好事物。然而，《有線》雜志的創(chuàng)始人，編輯凱文?凱利在最近出版的《新經(jīng)濟新規(guī)則》一書中給我們提供了這樣一個指南。

凱利寫道：“這本書的主要前提是，指導(dǎo)軟世界的原則——無形的世界、媒體的世界、軟件的世界和服務(wù)的世界——將很快控制硬世界——現(xiàn)實的世界、原子的世界、物體的世界、鋼鐵和石油的世界，以及出賣勞動力的艱苦工作?！彼f：“推動這一經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型的因素是計算機的萎縮和通信的擴大”，并且補充道：“我們看到的僅僅是我們的世界向一個新的高科技全球經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)變時許多人將體驗到的焦慮、失落、激動與成就的開端?！边@聽起來像是科技炒作嗎？

這一風(fēng)格僅僅是凱利數(shù)落的那種激進(jìn)的且往往違反直覺的“規(guī)則”。他采取的是一種格言式的而且還是聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方式，很容易吸引那些怪人，而且吸引那些主流讀者的興趣，他們對這個數(shù)字化世界的發(fā)展前途多少都有點好奇。

用凱利的話說，它很可能是“顛倒”的。例如，關(guān)于“通過巨大的沉默獲得最可靠的聰明之道”的想法。本質(zhì)上，這意味著微型電腦芯片，盡管它們本身相對“笨”，可以添加到數(shù)十億的普通物品中，從而產(chǎn)生巨大的經(jīng)濟效益，比如從襯衫到蘇打水罐等各種產(chǎn)品的實時購買模式。在我們都成長起來的傳統(tǒng)供求世界中，價值來自稀缺，就像鉆石、黃金和石油的世界一樣，正如凱利正確地指出的，“力量來自富足”?！疤O果”電腦公司悲劇性地未能理解這一原則，它放棄了它的圖形電腦界面的銷售許可，因為擔(dān)心自己的市場份額會被微軟更開放的視窗操作系統(tǒng)無情地侵占。這就引出了凱利的另一條定律：遵循自由。在原子的宇宙中，隨著資源的消耗，生產(chǎn)成本越來越高。隨著黃金的開采，天然金塊一開始可能很容易找到，因此很便宜。但是當(dāng)?shù)V石顆粒必須從巖石中擠出時，黃金的價格就變得更貴了。

但在凱利所說的“新秩序”中，“新秩序”是一種充分法則，它指導(dǎo)一家精明的公司，如網(wǎng)景公司，免費發(fā)布其網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器，以銷售輔助服務(wù)或產(chǎn)品。同樣，昂貴的手機作為免費的東西提供，以獲得電話服務(wù)合同。

最后，凱利告訴我們環(huán)顧四周，看看世界在我們腳下已經(jīng)發(fā)生了多大的變化。比如今日的美國農(nóng)民，也許指甲蓋里仍藏著些許污泥，但他的許多勞作都是在電子網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋下進(jìn)行的。他的拖拉機里的駕駛室有一個無線電話和一個衛(wèi)星連接的GPS定位設(shè)備；他的家用電腦連接著無盡的天氣數(shù)據(jù)、谷物市場報告和土壤中的水分探測器?！缎陆?jīng)濟規(guī)則》提示我們可以向五億年前實現(xiàn)的生機勃勃的新生命學(xué)習(xí)。“在網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟中取得成功所需的素質(zhì)可以精簡到以下方面：進(jìn)入未知世界的設(shè)備?！?/p>

7.單選題

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。degrade“降級，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，喚起”；divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：很多游客都被這個城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

The352kilometer-longThamesisthelongestriverinEngland.ItisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi.Yet,theThameshasbeenuniqueinshapingthehistoryofEngland.

WhentheNormansconqueredEngland,therewereonlymarshybanksalongtheThames.Likethepeoplewhohadbeenlivingalongtheriver,theyusedtheThamesashighwayandbuiltthecityLondiniumonitsnorthbank.

TodaytheThamesmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration.

WhilebeingagreatbenefittoLondonandLondoners,theThamescapbeadangerousenemy.Chiefamongitsdangersisflooding.Topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld’slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972.Thebarrier’sgatescanstandeighteenmetersabovetheriver’ssurfacewhenafloodstrikes.

Rightnowlargeofficebuildings,skyscrapersandartandrecreationcomplexesarerisingtochangetheskylineofLondon.TheThameshasneverceasedtodevelop,anditwillcontinuetoplayanimportantpartinthelifeofLondoners.

1.TheauthordoesnotsaythattheThamesisagreatbenefitto（

）.

2.TheThamesis

（

）

theNile,Amazon,orMississippi.

3.TopreventtheThamesfromflooding,theLondonersbuilt

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementssupportstheideathattheThamesisofgreatimportancetothelifeofLondoners?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

問題1選項

A.rowers

B.businessmen

C.writers

D.farmers

問題2選項

A.longerthan

B.aslongal

C.shorterthan

D.notshorterthan

問題3選項

A.hydraulicmachines

B.amovablefloodbarrier

C.asteelgatebetweenconcretepiers

D.athickstonewellintheriver

問題4選項

A.TheThamesmeansdifferentthingstoDifferentpeople

B.TheThamesgivesstrengthtomanygreatpaintersandwriters

C.TheThamesmirrorstheebbandflowofLondon

D.TheThamesisthelongestriverinEngland

問題5選項

A.TheThamesusedtobedeveloped

B.TheThamesfloodssometimes

C.TheNormansbuiltthecityLondinium

D.PaintersdrawtheirinspirationfromtheThames

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章關(guān)于泰晤士河給哪些人帶來利益的描述在第三段:Itis,forexample,a“sportingriver”torowers,butaworkingriverformenofcommerce.AndpaintersandwritersregardtheThamesasasourceofinspiration(例如，對于劃手來說，這是一條“運動之河”，但對于商業(yè)人士來說，這是一條工作之河。畫家和作家認(rèn)為泰晤士河是靈感的源泉)。因此四個選項中,泰晤士沒有帶來利益的是D項“農(nóng)民”。

2.判斷推理題。第一段將泰晤士河,尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河做了比較:itisalittlerivercomparedtheNile,Amazon,orMississippi(對比尼羅河,亞馬遜河和密西西比河,泰晤士河只能算作一條小河流)。由此推斷泰晤士河短一些。故選C項。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文中第四段提到“topreventtheriverfromflooding,theworld'slargestmovablefloodbarrierwasbuiltin1972”，可知為了防止洪水的爆發(fā)，1972年建立了世界上最大的移動式防洪屏障。答案為B。

4.主旨大意題。文章第二段講了泰晤士河見證了倫敦的衰落，文中最后一段講了現(xiàn)在倫敦建立了高樓大廈以及倫敦的變化，可見泰晤士河見證了倫敦的衰落。C項“泰晤士河見證了倫敦的起伏”比較能概括全文

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。四個選項為:A:泰晤士河曾經(jīng)是繁榮的,錯誤,第二段說泰晤士河以前旁邊只有沼澤河岸。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Thestrategicnatureofthethreatnowposedbyhumancivilizationtotheglobalenvironmentandthestrategicnatureofthethreattohumancivilizationnowposedbychangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentuswithasimilarsetofchallengesandfalsehopes.Somearguethatanewultimatetechnology,whethernuclearpowerorgeneticengineering,willsolvetheproblem.Othersholdthatonlyadrasticreductionofourrelianceontechnologycanimprovetheconditionsoflife——asimplisticnotionatbestButtherealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeaccomplishedbyundertakingacarefulreassessmentofallthefactorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Thetransformationofthewaywerelatetotheearthwillofcourseinvolvenewtechnologies,butthekeychangeswillinvolvenewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipitself.

【答案】當(dāng)前，人類文明對全球環(huán)境造成的威脅的戰(zhàn)略實質(zhì)和全球環(huán)境的變化對人類文明造成的威脅的戰(zhàn)略實質(zhì)向我們提出了一系列相似的挑戰(zhàn)，同時也使我們產(chǎn)生了一些自欺欺人的期望。有人認(rèn)為有了某種嶄新的終極技術(shù),無論是核能還是基因工程,就可以解決這個問題。還有人則認(rèn)為只有大力減少我們對技術(shù)的依賴才能改善人類的生存環(huán)境——這種看法充其量是一種簡化的看法。然而，真正的解決辦法將在徹底改變和最終修復(fù)文明與地球間的關(guān)系中被找到。要完成這一點，只有通過重新仔細(xì)估量導(dǎo)致這種關(guān)系在較近時期內(nèi)發(fā)生的劇烈變化的所有各種因素才行。改變我們與地球的關(guān)系的途徑當(dāng)然會涉及到新技術(shù)的發(fā)明和應(yīng)用，但是關(guān)鍵的改變將與思考這種關(guān)系本身的新方式有關(guān)。

10.單選題

（

）John,Ibegantotrustmyfeelingsandbegantobelieveinmyability.

問題1選項

A.Dueto

B.Obligedto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Thanksto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:由于約翰，我開始相信自己的感覺和能力。

短語辨析。Dueto因為,由于;Obligedto不得不(做),后面不接原因狀語;Byvirtueof由于,憑借;Thanksto幸虧,由于,可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語。故選D。

11.單選題

Oneoftheaimsofteachingscienceis,throughlearning,toenablestudentstodevelopacompletepersonalitybycreativity,honesty,eagernesstoacquireknowledge,freedomofspeechandthought,andcriticalassessment.Thisisanambitiousaimwhichweunfortunately,rarelyconsider.Duringteachingwedevoteourattentionmoretothecontentthantotheaims.Wethusseethatscienceisoneoftheschoolsubjectsleastfavoredbystudents.

Theemotionalelementsofmusic,dancing,painting,poetryanddramahaveastrongimpactonstudents.Forsciencetoevokethesamefeelings,itshouldbetaughtwiththehelpoftheexpressivearts.Unliketraditionaldidacticapproaches,dramaalsooffersasynthesisofvisual,kineticandauditoryexperiences,apartfromtheunderstandingoffactsandfiguresasaresultofrationalandanalyticalperception.Dramaandotherartisticactivitiescanassistinreachingthecognitivegoalsofthecurriculum,astheyareeffectivemeansofmotivation.Isn’tthereabetterchancethatstudentswhohavedevelopedaloveforsciencewilllearnitmoreeasily?Sciencetoocanbeaesthetic,creativeandemotional.

Byusingdramatechniques,wefacilitatecollaborationbetweentheleftandrighthemispheresofthebrain,whereastraditionaltechniquesofteachingsciencestressonlytheuseofabilitiesfoundintheleftofhemispheres—thatis,theanalyticalperceptionofscientificnotionsandphenomena.Weallowstudentstoengageinthelearningprocessasfullpersonalitieswithalltheirknowledgeandabilities.Thuswedevelopnotonlylogicalandmathematicalintelligence,butalsoawiderspectrumofthestudents’abilities.Ourtraditionalexperienceislargelybasedonalinearperceptionofthesubject.Asstudents,wehavenotbeenusedtodevelopingwaysofcreativeandintuitivethinking,especiallyinsciencesubjects.Thisiswhycombiningexpressiveartswithscienceisacceptedwithdifficultybymany.

Whenusingdramainteachingscience,wemeetparadoxeswhichcan,ontheonehand,maketheuseofdramaunsuccessful,andontheotherhand,enableknowledgeofsciencetobeintegratedintosocietyandsocialphenomenathatislifeingeneral.Scienceistaughtonthebasisofscientificdiscoveries——lawsandexplanationsofphenomenawhichareclearlydefinedandallownoindividualorsociologicalinterpretations.Stealingawallet,forexample,willbeinterpretedassomethingnegativebytheownerandsomethingpositivebythepickpocket.Dramabroadensourimagination,scienceissaidtonarrowit.Whenobservingtraditionaldidacticformsofteachingscience,weseethatstudentsarerequiredtounderstandveryabstractnotions.Thenotionoftheatomorthemoleculeisdemonstratedbyconcretemeansincludingsymbols,varioustypesofatomandmoleculemodels,sketches,experiments,photographsandanimatedfilms.Thesehelpstudentstodeveloptheirimaginationandconceptionswhich,can,individually,beverydifferentdespitethefactthattheywerealltaughtwiththesametechniquesandmaterials.

Thesedifferencesarisefromthedifferencesinstudents，personalities.Wemusttakeintoaccountthatstudentshavedifferentsensoryabilities.Theyreceiveinformationthroughvisual,auditoryandkineticchannelsofperceptionwithdifferentintensity.Theyalsohavedifferentintellectualabilities.Thusitiseasyforsomestudentstologicallycombinescientificphenomenaorvisualizewhatthelatterlookslike.

1.Thefactthatstudentsdislikescienceclassisbecausescienceclasses（

）.

2.Inordertomotivatestudentsinscienceclass,shouldbeemployed

（

）.

3.Asuitabletitleofthepassagecanbe

（

）.

4.Theresearcher’saimisto

（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?

問題1選項

A.developstudents’personalitybycreativity

B.don’thavefreedomofspeech

C.concentratemoreonknowledgethanthedevelopmentofpersonality

D.concentratemoreonfactsthancriticalassessment

問題2選項

A.visualexperience

B.Kinetic

C.analyticalperception

D.expressivearts

問題3選項

A.TeachScienceThroughDrama

B.DevelopStudents’Imagination

C.ExpressiveArtsintheScienceClassroom

D.CreativeWaysofTeachingScience

問題4選項

A.facilitatestudents'learningbystimulatinganemotionalresponse

B.usedramatoteachscience

C.developstudents’knowledgeandabilitiesthroughreview

D.makeiteasierforstudentstounderstandsomeabstractconcepts

問題5選項

A.Traditionalteachingmethodsexpectstudentstoloveabstractconcepts.

B.Thenewapproachtoteachingdoesn'tteachabstractconcepts.

C.Thenewapproachaddressesmanydifferentlearningstyles.

D.Didacticmethodsteachknowledge,notability.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段的最后兩句話Duringteachingwedevoteourattentionmoretothecontentthantotheaims.Wethusseethatscienceisoneoftheschoolsubjectsleastfavoredbystudents(在進(jìn)行科學(xué)知識教學(xué)吋，我們把重點放在了科學(xué)知識的內(nèi)容上而不是教學(xué)目的上。因此我們可以看到科學(xué)知識課程成了最不受學(xué)生喜歡的課程之一)，可知學(xué)生不喜歡科學(xué)知識課程的原因是課程把重點放在了科學(xué)知識內(nèi)容上而不是教學(xué)目的上，即選項C”更多地關(guān)注知識本身而不是個性的發(fā)展”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根掘文章第二段中的Theemotionalelementsofmusic,dancing,painting,poetryanddramahaveastrongimpactonstudents.Forsciencetoevokethesamefeelings,itshouldbetaughtwiththehelpoftheexpressivearts(音樂、舞蹈、繪畫、詩歌和戲劇中的情感因素對學(xué)生產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。如科學(xué)知識課程想要產(chǎn)生相同的影響，則需要借助于藝術(shù)表達(dá))以及其中的關(guān)鍵詞withthehelpoftheexpressivearts可知答案選項為D項。

3.主旨大意題。分析文章大意可知，文章首先提出了科學(xué)知識教學(xué)中學(xué)生覺得無聊的問題，后介紹了一種新的科學(xué)知識授課方法：戲劇法，其目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)知識的興趣，戲劇教學(xué)手段是一種突破傳統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新嘗試。選項A“通過戲劇教授科學(xué)知識”，文章中說的是在科學(xué)知識的教學(xué)中引用戲劇法而非直接通過戲劇教授科學(xué)知識，選項A屬于偷換概念；選項B“培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力”是教授科學(xué)知識的目的之一，不能作為文章的標(biāo)題；選項C“科學(xué)知識課程中的表達(dá)藝術(shù)”也只是文章的具體內(nèi)容不具有概括性；選項D“新的科學(xué)知識教學(xué)方法”是對文章內(nèi)容的概括，故答案選項為D。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的起承上啟下作用的句子Isn’tthereabetterchancethatstudentswhohavedevelopedaloveforsciencewilllearnitmoreeasily?Sciencetoocanbeaesthetic,creativeandemotional.“難道沒有什么辦法能讓已經(jīng)對